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The change in alkyl substitution position and alkyl chain length of azo molecules led to the variation in cold crystallization behavior.

We report a rare case of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)due to ruptured extracranial aneurysm originating at the caudal loop of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA). A 50-year-old woman presented with severe headache and mild consciousness disturbance. Computed tomography(CT)revealed SAH and intraventricular hemorrhage. Vertebral angiography showed an extracranial aneurysm located on the tonsillomedullary segment of the left PICA. During the surgery, no vessel branches were confirmed near the aneurysm, and the aneurysm was successfully clipped through suboccipital craniotomy with C1 laminectomy. The patient showed significant recovery and was discharged without neurological deficit.

We report a rare case with a ruptured aneurysm of the bihemispheric anterior cerebral artery(ACA), a rare anomaly of the ACA. A 50-year-old female experienced a sudden onset of severe posterior cervical pain. CT revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)and intra cerebral hemorrhage of the left rectal gyrus. Cerebral angiography showed the left bihemispheric ACA and hypoplasia of the right ACA. A saccular aneurysm was indicated at the A1-A2 junction of the left bihemispheric ACA. A neck clipping was performed completely through the right transsylvian approach. There are several reports of an aneurysm with bihemispheric ACA, but all cases are distal ACA aneurysms. In this case, the aneurysm was proximal to the bihemispheric ACA and such aneurysms have not been reported.

N2 adsorption isotherms of molecular sieve carbon were measured at 77 K and 303 K. The Ar adsorption isotherms of molecular sieve carbon samples were also measured at 303 K. The grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation technique was applied to calculate the N2 and Ar adsorption isotherms at 303 K using the ultramicropore volume determined by H2O adsorption. The comparative method of experimental and simulated isotherms of supercritical N2 and Ar at 303 K gave the width of the micropore mouth of the molecular sieve carbon, which can be applied to the ultramicropore width determination for other noncrystalline porous solids.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of coronary binary in-stent restenosis (ISR) with angiography using 64-slice multislice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) compared with invasive coronary angiography (ICA). BACKGROUND: A noninvasive detection of ISR would result in an easier and safer way to conduct patient follow-up. METHODS: We performed CTCA in 81 patients after stent implantation, and 125 stented lesions were scanned. Two sets of images were reconstructed with different types of convolution kernels. On CTCA, neointimal proliferation was visually evaluated according to luminal contrast attenuation inside the stent. Lesions were graded as follows: grade 1, none or slight neointimal proliferation; grade 2, neointimal proliferation with no significant stenosis ( or =50%); and grade 4, neointimal proliferation with severe stenosis (> or =75%). Grades 3 and 4 were considered binary ISR. The diagnostic accuracy of CTCA compared with ICA was evaluated. RESULTS: By ICA, 24 ISRs were diagnosed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 92%, 81%, 54%, and 98% for the overall population, whereas values were 91%, 93%, 77%, and 98% when excluding unassessable segments (15 segments, 12%). For assessable segments, CTCA correctly diagnosed 20 of the 22 ISRs detected by ICA. Six lesions without ISR were overestimated as ISR by CTCA. As the grade of neointimal proliferation by CTCA increases, the median value of percent diameter stenosis increased linearly. CONCLUSIONS: Binary ISR can be excluded with high probability by CTCA, with a moderate rate of false-positive results.

Background Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is a promising noninvasive method of detecting coronary artery disease (CAD). However, most data have been obtained in selected series of patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of 64-slice MSCT (64 MSCT) in daily practice, without any patient selection. Methods and Results Using 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography (CTA), 69 consecutive patients, 39 (57%) of whom had previously undergone stent implantation, were evaluated. The mean heart rate during scan was 72 beats/min, scan time 13.6 s and the amount of contrast media 72 mL. The mean time span between invasive coronary angiography (ICAG) and CTA was 6 days. Significant stenosis was defined as a diameter reduction of >50%. Of 966 segments, 884 (92%) were assessable. Compared with ICAG, the sensitivity of CTA to diagnose significant stenosis was 90%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value (PPV) 89% and negative predictive value (NPV) 95%. With regard to 58 stented lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 93%, 96%, 87% and 98%, respectively. On the patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of CTA to detect CAD were 98%, 86%, 98% and 86%, respectively. Eighty-two (8%) segments were not assessable because of irregular rhythm, calcification or tachycardia. Conclusion Sixty-four-MSCT has a high accuracy for the detection of significant CAD in an unselected patient population and therefore can be considered as a valuable noninvasive technique. (Circ J 2006; 70: 564 - 571)

マイクロ波励起高密度プラズマ装置を利用した革新的な半導体プロセスが提案されている．そのプロセスの特徴として，Krをプロセスガスとして使用することが挙げられる．Krは空気中に1.14ppmしか存在しないため，非常に高価である．そのため，N2が約50%，Krが約50%含まれる排出ガスからKrを回収し，再利用することが必要となる．市販の活性炭とゼオライトについて，N2とKrの平衡吸着量および吸着速度を評価した．活性炭が平衡吸着量差を示すこと，NaA型ゼオライトが吸着速度差を示すことが明らかになった．この平衡吸着量差による分離プロセス（PSA I）と吸着速度差による分離プロセス（PSA II）からなるKr回収装置を開発した．この回収装置は，回収率99.5%で，純度99.99%のKrを製造することが可能であった．後段にゲッター式の精製器を加えることにより，Krの再利用が可能である．

Nano-scale current voltage (I–V) characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells were studied with and without light irradiations by using conductive Atomic Force Microscope (conductive-AFM). To obtain proper I–V characteristics, electrical contacts between the n-layer of the a-Si solar cells and the cantilever of the AFM were modified by depositing ZnO films with the thickness of 20 nm on the tip using DC sputterer. The I–V characteristics were changed from Schottky like to ohmic like. Surface defects and grain boundaries of the ZnO thin film possibly formed an ohmic-like current path between n-layer and the tip of the cantilever. We measured photo-current map at the bias of −2 V with a resolution of nano-meter scales. High photo-current paths appeared at nano-crystallites formed in the nc-Si:H film of the solar cell while small current area was observed at the boundaries of the small and large grains. This suggests that the boundaries have high impedance created by hydrogen passivation or act as a leakage current path for the photo-current recombination. These results imply that our proposed measurement technique using conductive-AFM combined with covering of ZnO film on the cantilever is a useful tool for the evaluation of the short path of the photo-current. In addition, these techniques contribute to increase the conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells.

The interfaces between the silver electrodes and the emitters of conventional p-type silicon solar cells have been observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). The observed interfaces were prepared by mechanical peeling and two steps wet-etching method. The SPM electric current image showed that the intermediate glass region between the sintered silver bulk layer and the region of the nearest neighbor to the silicon emitter surface which contained silver colloids and silver re-crystallites. The intermediate glass region limits electric current as un-uniformly dispersed current path. Density of the current path was extremely lower than the density of the silver colloids and silver re-crystallites at the nearest neighbor to the emitter surface. The observation by SPM also told us that the optimization of the intermediate glass region was another important factor for the determination of the contact resistance as well as the structure contains silver colloids and silver re-crystallites at the nearest neighbor to the emitter.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTO) remains a challenge. Multislice computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) allows noninvasive evaluation of the coronary artery by visualizing vessel trajectory and morphological features at the occluded site. The aim of this study was to assess the value of CTCA to predict the success of guidewire crossing in PCI to treat CTOs.We performed CTCA in patients with CTOs (of3 months' duration); 110 lesions were scanned. Wiring success was defined as complete crossing of the guidewire past the occluded site. Correlation of the following morphological parameters with wiring success was analyzed: target vessel bending (defined as45 degrees), shrinkage, severe calcification, presence of side branches, stump morphology, in-stent occlusion and occlusion length.Wiring success was obtained in 93 lesions (85%). In the unsuccessful group, bending, shrinkage and severe calcification were significantly higher compared to the successful group (76% vs. 18%, p0.0001; 29% vs. 4%, p = 0.0005; 41% vs. 18%, p = 0.0356, respectively). The wiring success rate was significantly lower in cases with bending, shrinkage and severe calcification (57% vs. 95%, p0.0001; 44% vs. 88%, p = 0.0005; 71% vs. 88%, p = 0.0356, respectively). Stump morphology, in-stent occlusion or occlusion length did not significantly affect the outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that bending, shrinkage and severe calcification remained significant independent predictors of wiring failure.Bending, shrinkage and severe calcification are significant predictors for wiring success. CTCA provides a practical determinant of the outcomes in PCI to treat CTOs.

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is a promising noninvasive method of detecting coronary artery disease (CAD). However, most data have been obtained in selected series of patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of 64-slice MSCT (64 MSCT) in daily practice, without any patient selection.Using 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography (CTA), 69 consecutive patients, 39 (57%) of whom had previously undergone stent implantation, were evaluated. The mean heart rate during scan was 72 beats/min, scan time 13.6 s and the amount of contrast media 72 mL. The mean time span between invasive coronary angiography (ICAG) and CTA was 6 days. Significant stenosis was defined as a diameter reduction of50%. Of 966 segments, 884 (92%) were assessable. Compared with ICAG, the sensitivity of CTA to diagnose significant stenosis was 90%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value (PPV) 89% and negative predictive value (NPV) 95%. With regard to 58 stented lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 93%, 96%, 87% and 98%, respectively. On the patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of CTA to detect CAD were 98%, 86%, 98% and 86%, respectively. Eighty-two (8%) segments were not assessable because of irregular rhythm, calcification or tachycardia.Sixty-four-MSCT has a high accuracy for the detection of significant CAD in an unselected patient population and therefore can be considered as a valuable noninvasive technique.

A practical approach to fault diagnosis based on posttest fault dictionary generation is presented. Computer resources which are needed to generate a fault dictionary can be reduced drastically by utilizing the error symptoms obtained from go/no-go test execution. The approach has been applied to several circuits, and the results are very promising. >

A fault dictionary generation (FDG) system, which generates a system-level fault dictionary automatically from structural description of computer system hardware, was developed and applied to a large scale computer system. Built-in diagnosis (BID), which is effective in detecting and locating a fault, is described briefly. The mechanism to generate a fault dictionary, based on BID capability, is discussed. The techniques used in tracing a circuit to determine a suspected doubtful circuit domain are explained. The program flow for generating a dictionary from the set of suspected doubtful circuits domain is described. It is shown that FDG is very effective for use in improving accuracy and resolution for the dictionary. >

Poly(sec-butyl crotonate) (poly(SBC)) was prepared by anionic polymerization. 1,1-Diphenylhexyllithium was found to be an effective initiator. Poly(SBC) showed the same optical properties as poly(methyl methacrylate) (poly(MMA)) but different features: poly(SBC) had a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and very high extensibility below Tg, in comparison to poly(MMA). Poly(SBC) can be expected to find applications as an optical material having high flexibility and high service temperature.

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films are grown in inductively coupled glow discharge apparatus using hydrocarbon gas of methane series CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 and C 4 H 10 mixed with silane and their properties are compared.

Pure iron was oxidized in air at room temperature for 3–14 days and was then immersed in a deaerated 0.1 mol l-1 phosphate solution at pH 7.0. The corrosion potential Ecorr and the rate of dissolution of the oxide were measured as functions of the immersion time. It is proposed that the oxide film formed in air, which consists of an outer γ-FeOOH layer and an inner Fe3O4 layer, dissolves according to the following cell reactions: an outer cathodic reaction γ-FeOOH+H2PO4-+3H++e→FeH2PO4++2H2O with E°=1.049 V, an inner cathodic reaction Fe3O4+3H2PO4-+8H++2e→3FeH2PO4++4H2O with E°=1.177 V, and the anodic reactions Fe+2H2O→Fe(OH)2+2H++2e with E°=-0.104 V and/or 3Fe+4H2O→Fe3O4+8H++8e with E°=-0.085 V in which the cathodic reaction determines Ecorr. The cathodic reaction occurs at the oxide-solution interface by accepting electrons transported through the oxide, and the anodic reaction occurs at the metal-oxide interface to form oxide by reacting with OH- and/or O2- ions migrating through the oxide layer. Thus the proposed mechanism is rather different from the local action cell model. After the dissolution of the oxide film, the iron dissolves according to the following cell reactions: Fe+H2PO4-→FeH2PO4++2e with E°=-0.505 V and 2H++2e→H2 with E°=O V, where the anodic reaction determines Ecorr.

シーケンス制御のデータをコンピューター等に入力する場合に, ダイアグラムで示される時系列データを, そのままの形で図式的に書込むことができ, 訂正変更もまったく感覚的に随時書きなおすだけで行えるよう, 入力スイッチ素子および入力表示素子をマトリックス状に配列したデータ入力装置を考案した.その機能と特長を, 放送番組送出装置に適用した場合を例として説明し, 試作結果と併せて, 応用例についても述べる.

Hyperfine structures in ESR that originate from the interface between amorphous semiconductors and insulating substrates are found and discussed.

Using the infrared absorption spectra, ESR, reflectance and transmittance spectra and photoluminescence spectra, the structural and electronic properties of specimens deposited on to low temperature substrates by glow discharge decomposition of disilane and by HOMOCVD of monosilane are discussed.

When a dc electric field is applied to molten polystyrene and α-methylstyrene, the molecules are aligned in the direction of the electric field. Since this state is maintained even in a solid state, birefringent bulk plastics are easily obtained. The merit of this technique is that the magnitude of birefringence is contained by controlling the dc electric field. Since there is no size limitation, λ/4 and λ/2 plates were obtained easily at low cost. Furthermore, these optical retardation plates can be used for a wide range of wavelengths. It was found that the temperature dependence of the optical properties does not cause problems at normal usage temperatures.

Structural and optical properties of quasi-one dimensional hydrogenated amorphous silicon films which contain mainly polysilane (SiH2) are discussed using the gas evolution spectra, the infrared absorption spectra, ESR, the reflectance and transmittance spectra and the photoluminescence spectra.

The authors describe scan path, NEC's implementation of the scan design approach to design for testability. Designers at NEC have found that scan path greatly contributes to the reduced testing and maintenance cost of their products. The authors discuss several implementations of scan design and compare four implementations, including two scan-path techniques. >

A preparation method for birefringent plastic bulk material is presented. A plastic such as poly(α-methylstyrene) takes a birefringent orientation when a high dc electric field is applied to its molten phase. This phenomenon is maintained even in a solid phase after decreasing the temperature and hence the birefringent plastic material is formed. It is noticeable that the magnitude of birefringence in the bulk plastic prepared here is controllable.

In a self-diagnosable integrated circuit device comprising sequential circuit elements in an internal logic circuit, a first test pattern signal is successively produced in a test mode from a test pattern generating circuit and stored into the sequential circuit elements with a first timing signal given from a timing signal generating circuit to the internal logic circuit. After storage of the first test pattern signal into the sequential circuit elements, a second test pattern signal is produced from the test pattern generating circuit with a second timing signal given to the internal logic circuit. The internal logic circuit carries out processing operations determined for the second timing signal and produces an output data signal which is dependent on the first and the second test pattern signals and which is evaluated by an external circuit. Storage of the first test pattern signal may be made by forming a scan path through a gate circuit connected to each sequential circuit element. Alternatively, each sequential circuit element may be loaded with the first test pattern signal by assigning addresses to the respective sequential circuit elements and by indicating each address.

An underwater detection system for displaying underwater conditions over a large area around a ship comprises a linear array type transducer, a transducer training mechanism for rotating the transducer stepwise in a horizontal plane, a receiver which forms a receiving beam for scanning a fan-like vertical cross-sectional area by giving specified time delays or phase differences to echo signals received by the transducer, an image memory for storing echo signal data picked up by the receiving beam in addresses defined by horizontal directions relative to the ship and depths, a sampling circuit for reading out data of one vertical line after another in a downward direction from the image memory and determining a bottom depth in each vertical line, a seabed data memory for storing bottom depths, a PPI image generator for producing a fractional PPI image depicting the bottom based on bottom depth data read from the seabed data memory, and an indicator for presenting search results in the form of a plan view covering a large area of search around the ship by jointly displaying fractional PPI images produced by the PPI image generator.