Search

Immunotherapy with nivolumab for patients with recurrent/metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been evaluated. Here, we aimed to examine the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of nivolumab in these patients.This multicentre retrospective observational study involved patients who received nivolumab between April 2017 and June 2019. The patient characteristics were evaluated for association with progression-free and overall survival. Progression-free and overall survival rates were calculated; parameters that were significant in the univariate analysis were used as explanatory variables. Independent factors for progression-free and overall survival were identified using multivariate analysis.Totally, 143 patients were included. The overall response and disease control rates were 27.3% and 46.2%, respectively. The median, 1-year, and 2-year progression-free survival rates were 2.7 months, 25.4%, and 19.2%, respectively; those for overall survival were 11.2 months, 47.3%, and 33.6%, respectively. The independent factors affecting progression-free survival were performance status and immune-related adverse event occurrence, whereas those affecting overall survival were performance status, target disease, and number of previous lines of systemic cancer therapy. Eight patients reported grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events.Nivolumab was effective for recurrent/metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment and was well tolerated by patients.

Background/aim This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of the weekly cetuximab plus paclitaxel (wCmab-PTX) regimen with those of the EXTREME regimen in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (R/M OSCC). Patients and methods This multicenter retrospective study involved a chart review of the clinical records of R/M OSCC patients treated with wCmab-PTX in each institution between January 2013 and December 2017. Data were collected, and the efficacy, safety, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results The best overall response and disease control rates were 48.4% and 61.3%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 6 and 13 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in prognosis with or without previous platinum administration. The grade 3-4 adverse events were leukopenia (16.1%), followed by acne-like rash (12.9%), and neutropenia (9.7%). All adverse events, excluding more than grade 3 infusion reactions, were tolerable and manageable. Conclusion wCmab-PTX may be considered as a treatment option for R/M patients with OSCC that is refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy, or progressive disease after receiving chemotherapy.

This study developed a phantom with a shape similar to that of the breast and use GAFCHROMIC films that can be placed inside the phantom to measure the detailed breast dose distribution in mammography. GAFCHROMIC EBT3 was placed on the block cube breast phantom and irradiated with a mammography device to measure the absorbed dose distribution inside the phantom in the horizontal and depth directions. The dose distribution in the horizontal plane was the highest in the centre on the chest wall side, and it decreased in a fan shape. Along the depth of the phantom, the doses absorbed across the entire cross-section were 16.15 mGy at the surface and 7.51, 3.25 and 1.68 mGy at depths of 10, 20 and 30 mm, respectively. Compared with the mean glandular dose, the proposed method can measure breast dose distributions in greater detail and is applicable to various breast shapes.

There are a few reports that focus on radiotherapy (RT) and cetuximab (CET) therapy exclusively for oral cancer. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RT and CET therapy for locally advanced (LA) or recurrent/metastatic (R/M) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Seventy-nine patients from 13 hospitals who underwent RT and CET therapy for LA or R/M OSCC between January 2013 and May 2015 were enrolled in the study. Response, overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and adverse events were investigated. The completion rate was 62/79 (78.5%). The response rates in patients with LA and R/M OSCC were 69% and 37.8%, respectively. When only completed cases were examined, the response rates were 72.2% and 62.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year OS were 51.5% and 27.8%, respectively (median, 14 months), for patients with LA OSCC, and 41.5% and 11.9% (median, 10 months) for patients with R/M OSCC. The 1- and 2-year DSS were 61.8% and 33.4%, respectively (median, 17 months), for patients with LA OSCC, and 76.6% and 20.4% (median, 12 months) for patients with R/M OSCC. The most common adverse event was oral mucositis (60.8%), followed by dermatitis, acneiform rash, and paronychia. The completion rate was 85.7% in LA patients and 70.3% in R/M patients. The most common reason for noncompletion was an inadequate radiation dose due to worsening general conditions in R/M patients. Although the standard treatment for LA or R/M oral cancer is concomitant RT with high-dose cisplatin (CCRT) and the efficacy of RT and CET therapy for oral cancer is not considered to be as high as that for other head and neck cancers, it was thought that RT and CET therapy could be possible treatments for patients who cannot use high-dose cisplatin.

Although rare, ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in the odontogenic epithelium. Evidenced-based medical guidelines for AC are not established because AC is a rare type of cancer. However, surgery for AC is the primary initial treatment modality. A few reports suggest that radiotherapy (RTx) is effective for AC; however, the tumor is generally considered to be radioresistant. Furthermore, if RTx is performed for AC, osteonecrosis may occur because most of the ACs arise from the jaw. Here, we report a case of an older patient with maxillary AC who had underlying medical problems and who received conventional RTx with good outcomes. Ten years after the treatment, no major adverse event accompanying irradiation, local recurrence, or metastasis was observed. We discuss the therapeutic effect and usefulness of RTx on AC. As indicated by our findings, RTx for AC may represent a definitive treatment strategy for patients with poor general conditions or those with tumors that cannot be resected completely.

Background Hyaluronan (HA) is an essential component of extracellular matrix in the skin, but its functions in the epidermis remain elusive. Objective We examined the interaction of increased HA production mediated by 1-ethyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide (β-NAG2), a newly developed highly selective inducer of HA production which is intracellularly converted to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substrate of HA, with epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Methods The amount, molecular size and epidermal tissue distribution of HA and expression of CD44, a cell surface receptor for HA, were analyzed in β-NAG2-treated organ cultured human skin, reconstructed human skin equivalents or cultured human skin keratinocytes. The relationship between HA and epidermal proliferation or differentiation was examined. Results β-NAG2 significantly increased HA production in the epidermis of skin explants or skin equivalents without affecting molecular size of HA (>2000 kDa) or CD44 mRNA expression. Histochemical experiments revealed that β-NAG2 enhances HA signals in the basal to granular layers of the epidermis of skin equivalents, accompanying increased epidermal stratification. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that signals of Ki67, transglutaminase 1 and filaggrin are increased in β-NAG2-treated skin equivalents, and these observations were confirmed by the data showing that mRNA expression of PCNA, transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) and filaggrin (FLG) is significantly up-regulated by β-NAG2 in skin equivalents. Importantly, blockade of HA production by inhibiting conversion of β-NAG2 to UDP-NAG abolished β-NAG2-mediated up-regulation of PCNA, TGM1 and FLG mRNA expression in cultured keratinocytes. Conclusion These results suggest that increased epidermal HA production plays a key role in epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis by accelerating keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.

Japan's aging society has an increasing incidence of oral cancer. This study investigated perioperative changes in quality of life (QoL) among 172 oral cancer patients (elderly ≥75 years vs non-elderly75 years), pre-treatment, at treatment completion, and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment, using the following Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Head and Neck (FACT-HN) subscales: physical well-being (PWB), social/family well-being (SWB), emotional well-being (EWB), functional well-being (FWB), additional head- and neck-specific concerns (HN). SWB (P=0.026), HN (P=0.024), and total FACT-HN (P=0.009) scores were significantly lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group at 6 months post-treatment, especially for mastication items (HN1, P=0.047; HN11, P=0.004), but not for swallowing items (HN5 and HN7, both P0.05). PWB (P= 0.004), EWB (P0.001), and FWB (P= 0.022) scores in the non-elderly group were significantly higher at 6 months post-treatment than before treatment. In the elderly group, no subscale showed a better score at 6 months post-treatment. Post-treatment QoL in elderly oral cancer patients did not improve, unlike in non-elderly patients.

BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been used for the detection and characterization of liver tumors because it has excellent contrast resolution. DWI using short tau inversion recovery (STIR) can improve tumor-to-liver contrast after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) administration that shortens the T1 relaxation of liver parenchyma. PURPOSE To quantitatively and qualitatively compare the conspicuity of malignant liver tumors on DWI after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration between STIR and chemical shift selective (CHESS) sequences. STUDY TYPE Single-institution retrospective study. SUBJECTS Fifty-seven patients with histologically confirmed malignant liver tumors were evaluated. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Low b-value DWIs with STIR and CHESS sequences 18-20 minutes after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration were acquired at 1.5T. ASSESSMENT Tumor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and visual grade of tumor conspicuity on DWI between STIR and CHESS sequences were compared. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired Student's t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank-test were applied. P

Currently, many studies are being performed that focus on the efficacy and safety of the vessel sealing system (VSS) in various fields of surgery. However, in the field of oral cancer surgery, the efficacy and safety of VSS use have not been clarified.One hundred and fifty-one patients underwent oral cancer resection and reconstructive surgery. They were divided into two groups: Ligasure vessel sealing system (LVSS) group and conventional surgery (CS) as control. Intra-operative blood loss, operating time, and incidence of post-operative complications and recurrence were analyzed.LVSS use significantly reduced intra-operative blood loss. The operating time was shortened only in mandibular gingiva cancer surgery. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to the incidence of post-operative complications and recurrence.LVSS use was found to be effective and proved to be efficient and safe, and may be useful in oral cancer surgery.

Diadenosine polyphosphates (Ap n A) are thought to act as signalling molecules regulating stress responses and biofilm formation in prokaryotes. However, Ap n A function in Myxococcus xanthus remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Ap n A in M. xanthus, using the wild-type and Ap n A hydrolase (apaH) mutant strains exposed to various stress conditions. In both wild-type and apaH mutant cells cultured on starvation medium (CF agar), the levels of intracellular diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and pentaphosphate (Ap5A) increased several fold during the first 16 h of development and decreased gradually thereafter. The levels of Ap4A and Ap5A in the apaH mutant were about 5- and 11-fold higher than those in the wild-type strain at 16 h, respectively. Ap n A hydrolase activity of the wild-type strain increased 1.5-fold during the first 8 h of development, and it then gradually decreased. The apaH mutant formed spores 1–2 days after the wild-type strain did, and the yield of viable spores was 5.5 % of that in the wild-type strain 5 days after inoculation onto CF agar. These results suggest the possibility that high intracellular levels of Ap4A and/or Ap5A may inhibit M. xanthus sporulation at the early stage of development and that the bacteria reduce intracellular Ap4A and Ap5A accumulation through Ap n A hydrolase activity.

We report on the findings of the first antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance study in Japan of isolates recovered from odontogenic infections. Of the 38 facilities where patients representing the 4 groups of odontogenic infections were seen, 102 samples were collected from cases of periodontitis (group 1), 6 samples from pericoronitis (group 2), 84 samples from jaw inflammation (group 3) and 54 samples from phlegmon of the jaw bone area (group 4) for a total of 246 samples. The positivity rates of bacterial growth on culture were 85.3%, 100%, 84% and 88.9%, respectively, for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Streptococcus spp. isolation rates according to odontogenic infection group were 22% (group 1), 17.7% (group 3) and 20.7% (group 4). Anaerobic isolation rates were 66.9% (group 1), 71.8% (group 3) and 68.2% (group 4). Drug susceptibility tests were performed on 726 strains excluding 121 strains that were undergrown. The breakdown of the strains subjected to testing was 186 Streptococcus spp., 179 anaerobic gram-positive cocci, 246 Prevotella spp., 27 Porphyromonas spp., and 88 Fusobacterium spp. The isolates were tested against 30 antimicrobial agents. Sensitivities to penicillins and cephems were good except for Prevotella spp. The low sensitivities of Prevotella spp is due to β-lactamase production. Prevotella strains resistant to macrolides, quinolones, and clindamycin were found. No strains resistant to carbapenems or penems were found among all strains tested. No anaerobic bacterial strain was resistant to metronidazole. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed on the S. anginosus group and anaerobic bacteria, which are the major pathogens associated with odontogenic infections, showed low MIC90 values to the penicillins which are the first-line antimicrobial agents for odontogenic infections; however, for Prevotella spp., penicillins combined with β-lactamase inhibitor showed low MIC90 values.

Endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy under local anesthesia are available methods to maintain an adequate airway in patients with deep neck abscess; but neither of them is easy to perform. We report a case of deep neck abscess with a tortuous brachiocephalic artery in which massive hemorrhage from the pharynx occurred during endotracheal intubation. A 79-year-old man presented to our department with cervical swelling, hoarseness, and difficulty in swallowing. CT scans revealed abscesses associated with gas in the left submandibular space, left parapharyngeal space, and bilateral anterior cervical space. The brachiocephalic artery ran horizontally immediately beneath the thyroid gland on the anterior surface of the trachea. We decided to perform surgery under general anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was selected to maintain an adequate airway, because tracheotomy was considered to be risky due to the high location of the brachiocephalic artery. Hemorrhage from the pharynx occurred immediately after insertion of a tracheal tube into the pharyngeal cavity. Bleeding was controlled by packing the pharyngeal cavity with gauze, after which the tube could be advanced into the trachea. Incisional drainage of the abscesses and debridement of necrotic tissue were performed. The patient was discharged from hospital 63 days postoperatively.

application/pdf, The milk/colostrum of some mammalian species is known to contain sugar nucleotides including uridine diphosphate (UDP) oligosaccharides in addition to lactose and milk oligosaccharides, but the detailed structures of these UDP oligosaccharides have not so far been clarified. In this study we isolated two UDP-sialyl N-acetyllactosamines from ovine colostrum and characterized them using H-1-NMR and MALDITOFMS spectroscopies. Their structures were found to be Neu5Gc(alpha 2 - 3) Gal (beta 1 - 4)GlcNAc alpha 1-UDP and Neu5Gc(alpha 2-6) Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc alpha 1-UDP.

Differentiation of glioblastomas (GBMs) and solitary brain metastases (SBMs) is an important clinical problem. The aim of this study was to determine whether amide proton transfer–weighted (APTW) imaging is useful for distinguishing GBMs from SBMs. We examined 31 patients with GBM and 17 with SBM. For each tumor, enhancing areas (EAs) and surrounding non-enhancing areas with T2-prolongation (peritumoral high signal intensity areas, PHAs) were manually segmented using fusion images of the post-contrast T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. The mean amide proton transfer signal intensities (APTSIs) were compared among the EAs, PHAs, and contralateral normal appearing white matter (NAWM) within each tumor type. Furthermore, we analyzed APTSI histograms to compare the EAs and PHAs of GBMs and SBMs. In GBMs, the mean APTSI in EAs (2.92 ± 0.74%) was the highest, followed by that in PHAs (1.64 ± 0.83%, p

The EuroQol 5-dimension scale (EQ-5D) is one of the most frequently used preference-based quality of life (QOL) measures for health technology assessment. The 3-level version of the EQ-5D comprises a descriptive system (the EQ-5D-3L) and a visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). It remains unclear whether this five-item scale correlates with the QOL of patients with oral cancer during the perioperative period. We sought to clarify this point in the present study.Participants were 84 patients with oral malignancies who underwent radical treatment and completed the EQ-5D-3L and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-HN) at regular intervals over 3 months after treatment. We analyzed the correlations between the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-VAS, and FACT-HN, and conducted multiple regression analyses to examine how the FACT-HN subscales relate to the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS. We also investigated whether the EQ-5D-3L shows ceiling effects.The EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS were strongly correlated with the FACT-HN (rOur results indicate that actual physical performance might be most important for cost-utility analysis, whereas the assessment of familial feelings or friendship seems less important. However, the EQ-5D-3L appears to generally correlate with the FACT-HN of patients with oral cancer during the perioperative period. Therefore, it is reasonable to assess the cost performance of oral cancer treatment using the EQ-5D-3L in Japan.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use patient data gathered by a hospital information system (HIS) to improve the safe performance of bedside radiography. Method: Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to investigate the factors of hospitalised patients who had undergone radiography in the X-ray room or at the bedside. Logistic regression analysis was then performed to quantify patient factors and calculate the probability of undergoing general radiography or bedside radiography. Results: Patients were grouped into six clusters by hierarchical cluster analysis on the basis of their factors. We found a remarkable difference between clusters for the ratio of bedside radiography. Results indicated that “types of transportation” and “level of mobility” related to the ratio of bedside radiography. Logistic regression analysis of the associations between the probability of undergoing bedside radiography and patient factors indicated that type of transportation and level of mobility were highly correlated with bedside radiography or general radiography. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the secondary use of HIS data for the quantitative evaluation of patient factors and implementation of those quantitative values in medical records may be useful for the safe performance of bedside radiography as well as providing a method of decision support for doctors to order bedside radiography.

Lateral retropharyngeal lymph node (LRPLN) is located between the internal carotid artery and the prevertebral muscles. Metastasis to the LRPLN is frequent in nasopharyngeal cancer, but is rare in oral cancer. The prognosis of patients with oral cancer with LRPLN metastasis is usually poor. The present study reported a patient with LRPLN metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper gingiva, who survived for >7 years. Docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil (TPF) therapy was performed as induction chemotherapy and it was planned to subsequently conduct chemoradiotherapy or surgery. As the tumor only exhibited a transient response to TPF, surgery was selected. Postoperatively, only radiotherapy was performed and a favorable outcome was achieved.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been used for the detection and characterization of liver tumors because it has excellent contrast resolution. DWI using short tau inversion recovery (STIR) can improve tumor-to-liver contrast after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) administration that shortens the TTo quantitatively and qualitatively compare the conspicuity of malignant liver tumors on DWI after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration between STIR and chemical shift selective (CHESS) sequences.Single-institution retrospective study.Fifty-seven patients with histologically confirmed malignant liver tumors were evaluated.Low b-value DWIs with STIR and CHESS sequences 18-20 minutes after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration were acquired at 1.5T.Tumor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and visual grade of tumor conspicuity on DWI between STIR and CHESS sequences were compared.Paired Student's t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank-test were applied. P 0.05 was considered statistically significant.The mean tumor CNR and visual grade of tumor conspicuity on DWI were significantly higher for STIR than for CHESS (both P 0.001). Regardless of the presence of chronic liver disease, the mean CNR (normal liver 33.5 ± 19.8 vs. 15.7 ± 12.2, P 0.001; chronic liver disease 19.6 ± 11.0 vs. 9.2 ± 7.8, P 0.001) and the visual conspicuity grade (normal liver 3.36 ± 0.64 vs. 2.56 ± 0.77, P 0.001; chronic liver disease 2.94 ± 0.80 vs. 2.25 ± 0.84, P = 0.001) were significantly higher for STIR than for CHESS. Mean CNR and the visual conspicuity grade were also significantly higher for STIR than for CHESS in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (CNR 18.1 ± 10.5 vs. 8.8 ± 7.2, P 0.001; visual grade 2.88 ± 0.83 vs. 2.22 ± 0.87, P = 0.001) or metastases (CNR 35.0 ± 19.3 vs. 16.2 ± 13.1, P 0.001; visual grade 3.45 ± 0.51 vs. 2.59 ± 0.73, P 0.001).DWI using STIR may be more helpful for depicting malignant liver tumors after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration compared with DWI using CHESS.3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:565-573.

Mammalian milk/colostrum usually contains milk oligosaccharides along with the predominant lactose. Although milk oligosaccharides of a variety of Bovidae species including cow, sheep and goat have been characterized, those of the addax, an Antelopinae species of the Bovidae, have not as yet been clarified. In this study, several sialyl oligosaccharides were purified from a sample of addax colostrum and characterized as follows: Neu5Ac(α2-8)Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2-8)Neu5Gc(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc, Neu5Gc(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc, Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc. In addition, an oligosaccharide nucleotide Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAcα1-UDP was characterized. Molecular species of a variety of sialyl oligosaccharides found in milk and colostrum of these Bovidae were compared.

SUMMARY Using a small-size crucible, interlaboratory comparison of the realization of the Co−C eutectic point was performed in the industrial field in Japan, with the aim of verifying the possibility of thermocouple calibration at the eutectic point with an existing furnace of less-than-ideal temperature distribution, namely, the palladium-point wire-bridge method furnace for thermocouple calibration. A small-size crucible for thermocouples was made by the National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST). The interlaboratory comparison was piloted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute (TIRI), a public test and research organization in Tokyo, and was conducted among five calibration laboratories including the pilot. One of the five laboratories is a designated calibration laboratory in Japan, and the other three are private laboratories. Four laboratories including TIRI used an existing palladium-point furnace, and one laboratory made a new furnace for this interlaboratory comparison.

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety profile of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin in Japanese patients with postoperative high-risk oral cancer.Patients with high-risk pathological features were selected from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgery at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University Hospital. Patients were given adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with tri-weekly cisplatin (100 mg/mA total of 27 patients were enrolled between April 2011 and December 2012, including 19 males and 8 females. The median follow-up period was 36 months, and the protocol completion rate was 81.5%. Grade 3 or higher adverse events included leukopenia in 16 patients (59.3%), anemia in 7 patients (25.9%), mucositis in 2 patients (7.4%), increased creatinine in 1 patient (3.7%), nausea in 4 patients (14.8%), and anorexia in 12 patients (44.4%). The 3-year overall survival rate was 66.7%, relapse-free survival rate was 63.0%, and locoregional control rate was 77.8%.The feasibility and safety profile of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin in Japanese patients with postoperative high-risk oral cancer were comparable to pivotal phase III trials.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of postoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with cisplatin (CDDP), and compare the prognosis in 3 groups-without postoperative therapy (S-only), with radiotherapy (RT) alone (S+RT), and with CRT (S+CRT)-in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients at high risk of recurrence.Clinicopathologic data and treatment modality were investigated. Endpoints evaluated were locoregional control (LRC), relapse-free survival, overall survival (OS), and type of recurrence.The S+CRT group was associated with a better LRC rate than the S-only (P .001) and S+RT groups (P = .044). However, there was no significant difference in OS rates between the S+RT and S+CRT groups.The addition of concomitant CDDP to postoperative RT improved LRC. However, there may be no benefit from the addition of concomitant CDDP to postoperative RT for improvement of distant metastasis and OS rates in OSCC patients.

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high-grade malignant salivary gland tumor associated with poor prognosis, frequent recurrence, and metastasis. An 82-year-old man presented at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Tokai University Hospital with a painless swelling in the right submandibular region that had been there for 20 years. On presentation, an elastic hard tumor, 50 × 50 mm in size, was observed in the submandibular region. Diagnostic imaging was performed, and a malignant tumor in the submandibular gland was suspected. The suspected tumor was excised and postoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant-chemotherapy were performed. Despite this treatment, the patient died of multiple metastases 12 months postoperatively. SDCs are often diagnosed as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas and multiple variants and subtypes exist. This case was histopathologically rare in terms of the coexistence of invasive micropapillary and rhabdoid features.

The mechanism and etiopathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) have never been unclear. Therefore, there is no consensus regarding the clinical management of patients with MRONJ. In Japan, Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw:Position Paper from the Allied Task Force Committee of Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Japan Osteoporosis Society, Japanese Society of Periodontology, Japanese Society for Oral and Maxillofacial, Radiology and Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons is frequently used as criterion. The purpose of this paper is discussing about MRONJ according to the Japanese position paper.

Intralesional steroid injections were administered in two patients with central giant cell granuloma of the jaw (CGCG). In these patients, intralesional corticosteroid injections resulted in disappearance of the lesions and callus formation at the sites of bone resorption on radiographs during follow-up. Surgical curettage or excision and radiation therapy have been reported as treatments for CGCG, in addition to intralesional steroid injection. However, CGCG occurs predominantly in young adults. Considering the tissue defects caused by surgical treatments and side effects of drugs, intralesional steroid injection appears to be the most minimally invasive procedure and to yield favorable results. In treatment of CGCG, intralesional corticosteroid injection, a minimally invasive procedure, could be considered the first choice for treatment of CGCG, while surgery should be performed for recurrence.

Oral inverted ductal papilloma is a rare, benign epithelial tumor that exhibits an endophytic growth pattern and is found almost exclusively in the minor salivary glands. We report on a case of inverted ductal papilloma in the buccal mucosa. We also performed an immunohistochemical study. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, while negative for calponin, S-100 protein, α-SMA, vimentin, and desmin. This result indicated that the lesion arises from the excretory duct near the oral mucosal surface but not the myoepithelial cells. In addition, Ki-67 labeling index of 3.96% indicated the low level of proliferation.

We present a case of a 46-year-old Japanese woman with an eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa (EUOM), located in the buccal mucosa, who was found by various examinations to be a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) carrier with peripheral eosinophilia. Her peripheral eosinophilia and EUOM promptly improved in response to oral corticosteroid therapy. EUOM has been described to be possibly associated with trauma, but its etiology has not been fully elucidated to date. In the present case, the presence of peripheral eosinophilia in addition to the EUOM indicated possible influence of certain immune system abnormalities associated with HTLV-1 infection.

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of a membrane interface of liposomes prepared by eight zwitterionic phosphatidylcholines in terms of their headgroup mobility, with spectroscopic methods such as dielectric dispersion analysis (DDA), fluorescence spectroscopy. The DDA measurement is based on the response of the permanent dipole moment to a driving electric field and could give the information on the axial rotational Brownian motion of a headgroup with the permanent dipole moment. This motion depended on kinds of phospholipids, the diameter of the liposomes, and the temperature. The activation energy required to overcome the intermolecular force between headgroups of phospholipids depended on the strength of the interaction between headgroups such as hydrogen bonds and/or dipole-dipole interaction. Hydration at the phosphorous group of phospholipid and the molecular order of lipid membrane impaired the interaction between headgroups. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of membrane surface increased parallel to the increase in headgroup mobility. It is, therefore, concluded that hydration of headgroup promoted its mobility to make the membrane surface hydrophobic. The lipid membrane in liquid crystalline phase or the lipid membrane with the larger curvature was more hydrophobic.