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Introduction: A relatively high proportion of patients who undergo partial or radical nephrectomy for enhancing renal mass actually have oncocytoma, a benign renal tumor. Several parameters have been shown to be typical for oncocytoma, but only a small number of patients present with these parameters. The aim of our study was to report the clinical, operative and postoperative characteristics of patients who underwent nephron-sparing surgery in our center with a histopathological diagnosis of oncocytoma compared to patients with malignant renal tumor. Patients and Methods: Sixty-three out of 530 patients who underwent nephronsparing surgery for enhancing renal mass were diagnosed with oncocytoma. Clinical and radiological features and operational data of these patients were compared with patients who had malignant renal tumors. Results: Mean age of patients with histologically proven non-malignant oncocytoma was significantly higher than that in patients with malignant renal cell carcinoma (66.7 vs. 61.4 years). All other analyzed variables showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusions: No reliable clinical, operative or radiological parameters can differentiate preoperatively between oncocytoma and malignant renal neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]