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The iBNCT project aims to develop “iBNCT001,” a demonstration device of the linac-based neutron irradiation facility for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) application. iBNCT001 generates an epithermal neutron beam by irradiating 8 MeV protons accelerated by a linac onto a beryllium target. Currently, the linac can drive an average proton current of 2.1 mA. Several experiments were performed using a water phantom to confirm the main physical characteristics of the neutron beam produced at the irradiation position. The measurement results demonstrated that the maximum thermal neutron flux achievable in the phantom volume was approximately 1.36 × 10 9 cm − 2 s − 1 when a normal beam collimator with a 120 mm diameter was used. This neutron beam intensity was sufficient to complete the irradiation within 30 min using the BNCT approach. In addition to normal beam collimators, extended collimators that protrude 100 mm from the wall were developed. By using an extended collimator, it is possible to prevent interference of the patient’s body with the wall when irradiating head and neck cancers. The measurement results for the extended collimator demonstrated that irradiation with the collimator could be completed within 1 h when the neutron beam is generated with an average proton current of 2.1 mA.

Aberrantly truncated immature O-glycosylation in proteins occurs in essentially all types of epithelial cancer cells, which was demonstrated to be a common feature of most adenocarcinomas and strongly associated with cancer proliferation and metastasis. Although extensive efforts have been made toward the development of anticancer antibodies targeting MUC1, one of the most studied mucins having cancer-relevant immature O-glycans, no anti-MUC1 antibody recognises carbohydrates and the proximal MUC1 peptide region, concurrently. Here we present a general strategy that allows for the creation of antibodies interacting specifically with glycopeptidic neoepitopes by using homogeneous synthetic MUC1 glycopeptides designed for the streamlined process of immunization, antibody screening, three-dimensional structure analysis, epitope mapping and biochemical analysis. The X-ray crystal structure of the anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody SN-101 complexed with the antigenic glycopeptide provides for the first time evidence that SN-101 recognises specifically the essential epitope by forming multiple hydrogen bonds both with the proximal peptide and GalNAc linked to the threonine residue, concurrently. Remarkably, the structure of the MUC1 glycopeptide in complex with SN-101 is identical to its solution NMR structure, an extended conformation induced by site-specific glycosylation. We demonstrate that this method accelerates dramatically the development of a new class of designated antibodies targeting a variety of “dynamic neoepitopes” elaborated by disease-specific O-glycosylation in the immunodominant mucin domains and mucin-like sequences found in intrinsically disordered regions of many proteins., We developed new class of designated antibodies targeting of “dynamic neoepitopes” elaborated by disease-specific O-glycosylation at the immunodominant mucin domains.

The possible existence of deeply-bound $\bar K$-nuclear bound states, kaonic nuclei, has been widely discussed as products of the strongly attractive $\bar K$Ninteraction in I = 0 channels. Investigations of those exotic states will provide us unique information of the $\bar K$Ninteraction below the threshold, which is still not fully understood so far. Recently, we observed the simplest kaonic nuclei, $\bar K$NN, having a much deeper binding energy than normal nuclei via inflight (K−,N) reactions at the J-PARC E15 experiment. For further studies, we have proposed a series of experimental programs for the systematic investigation of light kaonic nuclei, from $\bar K$N(Λ(1405)) to $\bar K$NNNN. We will measure the $\bar K$NNN(A= 3) system at the new experiment approved as J-PARC E80, as a first step toward a comprehensive study.

As an insulation deterioration diagnosis technology for distribution equipment, establishment of an online diagnosis technology based on partial discharge (PD) measurement is required. This research aims to establish a method for safely diagnosing the insulation status of distribution transformers from outside of a switchboard. An on-line PD monitoring system was built for 22 kV cast resin transformers installed at a high voltage substation. Six inexpensive self-made TEV sensors were used to detect PD signal with the same sensitivity as commercially available products. Namely, TEV1 and TEV2 to TEV6 were placed on the inner and outer wall of the switchboard, respectively. A waveform classification algorithm was developed, which automatically classifies the waveform by comparing the signal magnitude detected by each sensor with output by a 1 MHz high-pass filter. Huge amount of data obtained by the automatic measurement was used to distinguish between PD signals and external noises. Typical phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns were obtained before and after applying the signal detected with TEV1 to the automatic classification process. As a result, PD was found to be generated randomly regardless of the phase angle before the algorithm is applied, while only the signal in a specific phase region appears after the algorithm application, i.e. the latter PRPD pattern matches typical pattern usually observed with void discharge. Furthermore, it was found that signals detected with the multiple TEV sensors on the switchboard wall can identify whether signal sources come from inside or outside the switchboard. In addition, the trend of the maximum amplitude (V max ) of each signal, the maximum value V mday in a day, the average value V mave , and the phase characteristic (PRPD pattern) of V max were recorded over a long period of time so as to evaluate the state of the equipment.

Mucin 1 (MUC1) expression is upregulated in multiple types of cancer, including lung cancer. However, the conventional anti‑MUC1 antibody is not useful for the differentiation of malignant lung tumors and benign lesions due to its limited specificity. Our previous study screened a novel epitope‑defined antibody against cancer‑associated sugar chain structures that specifically recognizes the MUC1 Tn antigen (MUC1‑Tn ED Ab). In the present study, its potential utility as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic tool for lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) was examined. Immunohistochemical analysis of a lung ADC tissue microarray was performed using the MUC1‑Tn ED Ab (clone SN‑102), and the results were compared with those of another clone and commercially available MUC1 antibodies. The association between positive immunoreactivity of SN‑102 and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed. Furthermore, the association between MUC1‑Tn expression and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition markers and radiological characteristics was analyzed. Moderate or high MUC1‑Tn expression (MUC1‑Tn‑H) was observed in 138 (78.9%) of the 175 lung ADC cases. MUC1‑Tn‑H was associated with male sex, cigarette smoking, tumor extension, pleural invasion, and higher preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment levels. Tumors with MUC1‑Tn‑H had higher consolidation/tumor ratios according to computed tomography and greater uptakes of 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose. A total of 46 (26.9%) of the tumors had mesenchymal features, and MUC1‑Tn positivity was higher in the mesenchymal group than in the epithelial and intermediate groups (P

Recent heavy-ion collision experiments reported a surprisingly short lifetime for the hypertriton, which has been recognized as the hypertriton lifetime puzzle. Our J-PARC E73 experiment contributes to solve this puzzle with an independent experimental method by employing 3He(K−, π0) 3ΛH reaction. In this contribution, we will demonstrate our capability to provide 3ΛH binding energy information by deriving the production cross section ratio, σ3ΛH/σ4ΛH. The production cross section data for 3ΛH and 4ΛH are already available as the pilot run of E73 experiment and data analysis is in progress.

Correction for ‘A straightforward approach to antibodies recognising cancer specific glycopeptidic neoepitopes’ by Hajime Wakui et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 4999–5006, DOI: 10.1039/D0SC00317D.

The linac-base neutron source “iBNCT” developed by the Tsukuba team has begun to generate a large intensity of neutrons. To confirm the applicability of the device to BNCT, several characteristic measurements have been implemented. In a water phantom experiment, when the accelerator was operated with an average current of 1.4 mA, the maximum thermal neutron flux was approximately 7.8 × 108 (n/cm2/s). Results demonstrate the stability of the linac over time, showing its promising potential for future patient treatment.

The effect of cabin pressure change on the respiratory system during flight is well documented in the literature, but how the change in atmospheric pressure affects ventricular assist device (VAD) output flow has not been studied yet. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the change in VAD output using a mock circulatory system in a low-pressure chamber mimicking high altitude. Changes in output and driving pressure were measured during decompression from 1.0 to 0.7 atm and pressurization from 0.7 to 1.0 atm. Two driving systems were evaluated: the VCT system and the Mobart system. In the VCT system, output and driving pressure remained the same during decompression and pressurization. In the Mobart system, the output decreased as the atmospheric pressure dropped and recovered during pressurization. The lowest output was observed at 0.7 atm, which was 80% of the baseline driven by the Mobart system. Under a practical cabin pressure of 0.8 atm, the output driven by the Mobart system was 90% of the baseline. In the Mobart system, the output decreased as the atmospheric pressure dropped, and recovered during pressurization. However, the decrease in output was slight. In an environment where the atmospheric pressure changes, it is necessary to monitor the diaphragmatic motion of the blood pump and the driving air pressure, and to adjust the systolic:diastolic ratio as well as the positive and negative pressures in a VAD system.

Our research is focused on examining the Image Quality Assessment Model based on the MPEG-7 descriptor and the No Reference model. The model retrieves a reference image using image search and evaluate its subject score as a pseudo Reduced Reference model. The MPEG-7 descriptor was originally used for content retrieval, but we discovered that the MPEG-7 descriptor can also be used for image quality assessment. We examined the performance of the proposed model and the results revealed that this method has a higher performance rating than the SSIM.

Background: MUC1 has been used in clinical practice as a serum tumor marker (CA15-3) for monitoring recurrence and response to the treatment of breast cancers. However, it is not so practical to use the conventional anti-MUC1 antibody (C-Ab) for the differential diagnoses among malignant and benign tumors, because of its limited specificity to cancer-associated sugar chain structures. Recently, a novel epitope-defined (ED) antibody, which specifically recognizes MUC1 with cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens including Tn and sialyl-T antigens, was developed by our collaborators. In the present work, we focused on this Tn antigen-recognizing ED antibody (Tn-ED Ab) for MUC1, and examined the potential utility of this novel antibody as an immunohistochemical diagnostic marker of the breast.Design: Tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of invasive lesions and their non-neoplastic counterparts were constructed from 169 lesions of 167 individuals with invasive breast carcinomas (including 2 bilateral cases) resected and diagnosed at Hokkaido University Hospital from 2000 to 2003. We compared MUC1 immunoreactivity of Tn-ED Ab (clone SN-102) to commercially available C-Ab (clone Ma552) using TMA to evaluate its diagnostic performance and to analyze the association with clinicopathologic factors. Results: In invasive cancer parts, the immunoreactive positivity of Tn-ED Ab was observed predominantly in the cytoplasm (146/169) rather than in the cell membrane (5/169). The positive reaction of C-Ab was found in the cytoplasm and the membrane as well (156/169 and 93/169). Tn-ED Ab showed a lower expression rate in non-neoplastic parts and a high specificity in invasive cancer parts. Sensitivity/specificity in invasive parts was 86%/92% for Tn-ED Ab and 92%/47% for C-Ab. Moreover, the invasive cancer group with Tn-ED-positivity was significantly correlated with their molecular subtypes, low Ki-67 indices, and high ages, compared to those with Tn-ED-negativity (p=0.008, p=0.010 and p=0.027, respectively). Conclusion: Compared to C-Ab, the newly-developed Tn-ED Ab for MUC 1 showed a higher specificity for invasive breast cancer with a low reactivity to non-neoplastic components. Future study plans are ongoing to show that this cancer-specific Tn-ED MUC1 Ab could be useful for differentiating malignant from benign intraductal breast lesions as well. Citation Format: Ai Shimizu, Kanako Hatanaka, Yutaka Hatanaka, Kentaro Naruchi, Masaharu Sato, Hiroshi Kase, Tomoko Mitsuhashi, Hiroko Yamashita, Yoshihiro Matsuno. Cancer-associated MUC1 epitope-recognizing antibody as a novel immunohistochemical marker for breast carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4616.

A drastic deformation was observed in Pd metal of various shapes after hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles at 150 degrees C at a gas pressure of 1-5 MPa. All of the phenomena observed indicate that some strong internal force is induced spontaneously during hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles to produce a collective deformation so as to minimize the surface.

A 19-year-old man presented with a rare skull metastasis from atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumor (APCT) manifesting as headache, diplopia, and cough. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed a skull base tumor extending from the posterior clinoid process to the clivus, and calvarial tumors in the right temporal and occipital bones. Chest and abdominal computed tomography showed a round tumor, 4 cm in diameter, in the lower lobe of the right lung and multiple small tumors in the liver. Surgery for the calvarial tumor in the right temporal bone was performed on June 27, 2003. The histological diagnosis was skull metastasis of neuroendocrine tumor. Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed for the residual skull metastases. Partial resection of the right lower lobe was performed for the lung tumor on August 22, 2003. The histological diagnosis was atypical carcinoid tumor. Subsequent adjuvant systematic chemotherapy was performed. The patient died of progression of the tumors in the lung and liver on April 19, 2004. We must consider APCT in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tumors in adolescents, and perform follow-up observation or treatment, including surgery, if APCT is suspected.

OBJECTIVE Recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma is not rare. Among patients who experience recurrence, severe background disease may adversely influence the prognosis of chronic subdural hematoma. We treated patients with these refractory hematomas with an Ommaya cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reservoir and analyzed the effectiveness of the treatment. METHODS Sixteen patients with refractory chronic subdural hematoma were studied. These patients had severe diseases that adversely influenced the clinical course of chronic subdural hematoma, including cerebral infarction, liver cirrhosis, thrombocytopenia, severe Parkinsonism, severe heart disease, psychiatric disease, and spinocerebellar degeneration. All patients were treated initially in the standard fashion: evacuation of the hematoma followed by irrigation and drainage of the hematoma cavity. In each patient, an Ommaya CSF reservoir was implanted after the hematoma recurred. Whenever the volume of the hematoma either decreased very slowly or increased, the reservoir was punctured. RESULTS The hematoma size decreased to less than 3 mm a median of 60 days after introduction of the reservoir. Postoperatively, 13 patients returned to their condition before the onset of hematoma. One patient died of myocardial infarction, and two patients with Parkinson's disease could not maintain their previous functional level; both remained in a partially dependent state. Complications consisted of minor bleeding in two patients and occlusion of the reservoir in two other patients. CONCLUSION By use of this method, reoperation was avoided and the patients were mobile early in the postoperative period. This method was suitable for refractory chronic subdural hematoma accompanied by severe disease that adversely influenced the clinical course.

Fine movements of a non-dominant hand and coordination of both hands are essential for safe and reliable achievement of microsurgery. We carried out a microsurgical training exercise using a chicken wing artery, in which an end-to-side anastomosis was performed by a dominant or a non-dominant hand for 5 days running for each hand. This practice demonstrated that the non-dominant hand training not only improved the fine movements of a non-dominant hand but also established skillful techniques of a dominant hand. This may be explained by the bilateral motion transfer phenomenon seen in mirror image learning applied for rehabilitation of apoplexy patients with hemiplegia.

Object. Twenty-nine nonimmunocompromised patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma were treated with high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy followed by irradiation. The authors investigated the correlation of infusion schedules with MTX penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), tumor response, and survival to develop a regimen that would lead to better clinical results.Methods. In this study, 100 mg/kg MTX was administered on either a rapid (3-hour) or regular (6-hour) infusion schedule for two or three cycles. Of 28 assessable patients, a complete or partial response was achieved in 15 (93.8%) of 16 who received rapid and in seven (58.3%) of 12 who received regular infusion therapy (p = 0.034). Rapid infusion significantly increased levels of MTX in the CSF (p < 0.001) and resulted in significant tumor volume reduction (p < 0.001). The mean tumor volume after the first, second, and third cycle of rapid infusion therapy was reduced to 34%, 14%, and 9%, respectively, of the initial volume, whereas the corresponding values were 54%, 42%, and 37% for regular infusion. The reduction between the second and third cycle was small and not significant for either schedule. Despite the longer median survival time in patients who underwent rapid MTX infusion and irradiation (> 60 compared with 20 months), the difference in survival was not significant (p = 0.147) because of the small number of patients enrolled. The median survival time was 39.3 months for all assessable patients who received high-dose MTX and radiation therapy, and the median relapse-free survival time was 35.2 months.Conclusions. Rapid infusion enhanced both MTX penetration into the CSF and tumor response and may improve patient survival. Administration of three or more cycles of therapy should be carefully weighed in terms of cytoreductive benefits.

Purpose: To compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) with patients who requested implant treatment and conventional denture treatment.Materials and methods: Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaire during July 2004-January 2005 at four dental offices located in Japan. Subjects who requested implant treatment (IT) were 12, and requested conventional denture treatment (DT) were 19. OHRQoL was measured by the 16-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-JP16). The OHIP-JP16 total and subscale scores were calculated by summing the 16 items score without weighting. The mean OHIP-JP16 total scores and the mean scores of six subscales (functional limitation, physical discomfort, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, handicap) between groups were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Chi square tests were used compare responses to individual items. ‘Never’ and ‘hardly ever,’ (no impact) were recorded as ‘0’, ‘occasionally’, ‘fairly often’, and ‘very often’ (any impact) were recorded as ‘1’.Results: The mean age was 62.4 years old in IT and 66.6 years old in DT (p=0.596). No differences in denture status, self-perceived oral health, number of teeth were found between two groups. DT subjects had better OHIP-JP16 total scores than IT, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Chi square tests were performed for each of 16 items. The number of subject reported ‘any impact’ was significantly greater (p

To elucidate the involvement of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) proteolytic activity in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular stroke, we measured internal jugular venous and femoral arterial levels of PMN elastase in 6 patients with acute stroke from the day onset (day 0) to 7 days after onset (day 7). Two patients with cerebral infarction demonstrated markedly elevated of PMN elastase in the jugular blood (730 and 1320 micrograms l-1, respectively), but not in the blood (203 and 205 micrograms l-1, respectively) on day 2. Both patients manifested signs of hemorrhagic infarction early on day 2. On day 4, the increased levels of jugular elastase returned to the normal range (250 micrograms l-1 in both patients. In contrast, none of the 4 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage demonstrated increased levels of PMN elastase in either the jugular or the arterial blood from days 0 to 7. The present study demonstrated a temporary but significant increase in jugular PMN elastase in patients with cerebral infarction, especially shortly after hemorrhagic infarction.

In the inner part of Tokyo Bay, Heterosigma akashiwo dominantly occurred and red tides were sometimes formed from May to July. The relationship between the dominant occurrence of H. akashiwo and water quality or meteorological factors was examined, referring to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's and the Meteorological Agency's data.In early June of 1984-1995, the yearly changes of water quality in the inner part involved a remarkable fluctuation of TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen), DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus), TN:TP, DIN:DIP, TN:DIN, and TP:DIP ratios.The comparison of each average water quality with the dominant species of phytoplankton in early June of 1984-1995 showed that H. akashiwo dominantly occurred in the waters with high water temperature, high concentrations of TN, TP, DIN, and DIP, high value of TN×TP, low salinity, and low ratios of TN:TP, DIN:DIP, TN:DIN, and TP:DIP. The species occurred in the years with meteorological conditions of high air temperature, long times of sunshine, high wind velocity, and moderate precipitation, during May. These characteristics of water quality or meteorological factors suggested close connection to the physiological characteristics of H. akashiwo, such as the utility for dissolved organic nitogen.

The relationships between the dominant phytoplankton and the water quality factors were examined at two stations in the inner part of Tokyo Bay.Monthly changes of water quality factors in the inner part of Tokyo Bay showed that DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen): DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) ratio was high in February and March and low in October and November, while TN (total nitrogen): DIN ratio was low in January and February and high in August and September.The relationships between the dominant phytoplankton and the water quality factors were considerably variable and complex. Skeletonema costatum, Heterocapsa triquetra, Eucampia zodiacus, Chaetoceros didymum, and Chaetoceros radicans occurred in waters with comparatively high DIN:DIP ratio (>80), Ceratium fusus, Ceratium lineatum, Rhizosolenia fragilissima, and Leptocylindrus danicus did in waters with moderate DIN:DIP ratio, and Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum minimum, Gonyaulax verior, and Chaetoceros debile did in waters with comparatively low DIN:DIP ratio (

A series of unconfined compression test and bending test has been carried out to investigate the effect of soil materials, cement content, admixture and recuperetion days of soil pavement material. Additionally, the execution test has been carried out to estimate the durability of soil pavement. This study has indicated that:(1) The unconfined compressive strength and the bending strength are influenced b y the grain size distribution of soil materials and the cement content, (2) the abrasion and strength of soil pavement are influenced by the cement content.

Air embolism is a rare, but occasionally fatal complication of peripheral and central venous catheterization. We present a case of an 89-year-old female, who had a central venous catheter placed in her right jugular vein during the perioperative period for right femoral subtrochanteric fracture. On the day following her operation, level of consciousness worsened a few minutes after the catheter was removed. CT scan showed air bubbles in bilateral cavernous sinuses and brachiocephalic vein. Administration of 100% oxygen was started, and she regained consciousness a few hours later, finally air bubbles disappeared on a CT scan performed 10 hours after onset. Air embolism should be taken into consideration when treating venous catheters, and appropriate O₂ administration and radiological examinations must be performed immediately if level of consciousness or vital signs deteriorate.

This paper proposes a suitable design of an 80V-class high-side capable double-resurf lateral IGBT (L-IGBT) using our cost-effective HV-MOS process, which excludes SOI/DTI structures. This junction-isolated (JI) L-IGBT, unlike a drift-NMOSFET, suffered a large substrate leakage caused by a parasitic PNP BJT whose collector was a p-substrate. It also had a disadvantage in turn-off time due to the floated n-drift layer. We tried a unique, promising approach — the p+ collector was connected to the outmost enclosing n+ sinker internally by n-drift region resistor and externally by metallization, which needs no additional process steps. Our measurement results show that it successfully eliminated both problems without almost any sacrifice in performance of current drivability per area, breakdown voltage, HCI, and ESD endurance.

Nine carcinomas of the buccal mucosa treated by interstitial radiotherapy are reported. Histopathologically, 8 were squamous cell carcinomas and one was a muco-epidermoid carcinoma. Six patients were male and three were female. Five patients were more than 60 years old. Seven tumors (77%) were stage III or stage IV according to the UICC classification (1987). All cases were followed for more than 20 months. Only two patients died and seven patients are alive at the last follow up. The cumulative 3-year survival rate was 77%. Although this study was very limited in number, it was concluded that carcinomas of the buccal mucosa without bone involvement is not difficult to control if interstitial radiotherapy is appropriately utilized for the primary lesion.

Our research is focused on examining the Image Quality Assessment Model based on the MPEG-7 descriptor and the No-Reference model. The model retrieves a reference image using image search and evaluate its subject score as a pseudo Reduced-Reference. The MPEG- 7 descriptor was originally used for content retrieval, but we examine whether the MPEG-7 descriptor can be used for image quality assessment as well. We have examined the performance of the proposed model and the results revealed that this method has a high performance rating (correlation: 0.98, average error : 0.17, maximum error : 0.77).

An 80V-class high voltage (HV) MOS platform integrating two types of 80V-class novel structure devices, a high-side capable 30V-gate-voltage drift-NMOSFET and an ESD protection BJT, is described. The 30V-gate-voltage drift NMOSFET features a stacked source-side structure consisting of LOCOS, an extended source region, and a waved p+ stopper, enabling both off-state and on-state drain breakdown voltage to surpass 80V. Despite its high gate voltage endurance of over 30V, the specific on-resistance (Rsp) reaches as low as 275mohm*mm2. The ESD protection BJT features a buffer base region, enabling the trigger voltage to surpass 100V and the ESD endurance voltage to reach 4kV-HBM. The trigger voltage can be controlled from 78 to 102V by changing the buffer base size. These devices can be integrated with only one additional mask step and do not sacrifice the excellent performance of the other high and low voltage devices.

The effect of dopamine during barbiturate therapy was investigated in 29 cats including 5 sham-operated cats. According to Kiersey's classification of electro-encephalographic patterns, physiological variables, cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and intracranial pressure (ICP), etc. were evaluated in each electro-encephalographic pattern. Oxygen-glucose index was calculated and used as an indicator for aerobic or anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Group 1 (12 cats), to which only thiamylal was administered, maintained aerobic glycolysis due to a parallel reduction of cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose (about half of the initial value at Kiersey's fifth pattern) in spite of reduction of CBF and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Group 2 (12 cats), to which dopamine was administered in addition to thiamylal due to a reduction of MABP, showed anaerobic glycolysis though MABP and CBF were maintained. These findings are ascribed to an increase of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose up to 130% of the initial value though cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen decreased down to half of the initial value: The beneficial effect of barbiturate on cerebral metabolism was reduced by use of dopamine. ICP was reduced in both groups. Our result indicates that administration of extracellular fluid may be preferable for treatment of hypotension during barbiturate therapy than dopamine medication.