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El síndrome de Down (SD) es un trastorno genético que conlleva una serie de problemas de salud, entre ellos, una reducción de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. En el caso de las personas con SD, resulta complicado conseguir una evaluación precisa de la composición corporal, debido a su singular morfología. Sin embargo, se trata de un componente crucial para la detección precoz de la obesidad y para el diseño de intervenciones específicas sobre los hábitos. Participaron en el estudio cuatro corredores varones con SD, que se sometieron a mediciones antropométricas y al análisis vectorial de impedancia bioeléctrica (modalidades clásica y específica) antes y después de completar la carrera de 14 kilómetros. Se emplearon varias ecuaciones para estimar la composición corporal. Asimismo, se hizo un análisis del somatotipo y se compararon los cambios bioeléctricos que provocó la carrera. Se reveló una variabilidad considerable en la composición corporal y el rendimiento en carrera de las personas con SD. Las diversas ecuaciones para estimar la masa grasa arrojaron resultados variables (del 4.2 al 33.3 %). En particular, se observó un patrón único en cada participante en cuanto a la cantidad de líquidos. El Participante 1 destacó con un ángulo de fase marcadamente alto (9.8°), mientras que los demás obtuvieron valores medios inferiores (4.5-6.3°). El análisis del vector de impedancia bioeléctrica indicó una pérdida normal de líquidos durante la carrera (T2 = 92.2; p < .0001). Resultó sorprendente que el Participante 1, el cual consiguió el menor tiempo de carrera, experimentase la pérdida de líquidos más significativa, pero mostrase una mayor retención de agua intracelular. Este estudio subraya la importancia de diseñar métodos de evaluación de la composición corporal adaptados a las personas con SD. El diseño de herramientas de evaluación precisas contribuirá a mejorar el bienestar de esta población en su búsqueda de estilos de vida activos. Estas conclusiones arrojan luz sobre la compleja relación entre composición corporal, hidratación y rendimiento en personas con SD.

Background: changes in body composition (BC) are common in interstitial lung disease, which leads to an increased risk of complications and infections, and are associated with poor quality of life and worse outcomes. BC assessment is important to identify malnutrition and sarcopenia. However, gold-standard techniques are not available in all clinical settings. Aims: this study aimed to evaluate the agreement and reliability of body composition estimated by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in women with interstitial lung disease. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. BC (fat mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass) were assessed using BIA multifrequency and DEXA in standardized conditions. Agreement and reliability between techniques were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: a total of 50 women were evaluated. No differences were observed for FM (BIA, 25.8 ± 10.2 kg and DEXA, 26.3 ± 10.0 kg, p = 0.77) and ASMM (BIA, 14.1 ± 2.7 kg and DEXA, 13.9 ± 2.3 kg, p = 0.83). Based on ICC, good reliability was observed for FM (ICC, 0.98) and ASMM (ICC, 0.93). Conclusion: BC estimated by BIA showed good agreement and reliability with DEXA measurements. In the absence of this method, BIA can replace the DEXA technique for body composition assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine and compare the body composition, bioelectric parameters, and handgrip strength in federated and recreational Chilean climbers. Thirteen Chilean climbers voluntarily participated, being 4 federated (25.75 ± 2.87 years) and 9 recreational (22.33 ± 1.41 years). Body composition was measured using a multifrequency octopolar bioelectrical impedance meter, while handgrip strength was determined with a dynamometer. Although there were no statistical differences in the body composition variables between groups, the trunk phase angle was statistically higher in the federated compared to the recreational climbers (p = 0,011 [95 % CI = 1,10; 5,20]). Regarding handgrip strength, the relative strength was higher for federated (p = 0,025 [95 % CI = 0,10; 0,22]), while the difference in strength between dominant and non-dominant hand was higher for recreational climbers (p = 0,012 [95 % CI = 1,60; 10,05]). This study is one of the first that explore the differences between federated and recreational Chilean climbers. These results suggest a differentiation at the level of phase angle and handgrip strength, which should be corroborated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: the assessment of body composition is relevant and useful for designing interventions for healthy lifestyles and nutritional strategies. Objective: our goal was to verify the relationships between adiposity indicators with fat mass (FM), and to validate equations that allow predicting FM in young people with Down syndrome (SD). Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 48 young people with DS (24 men and 24 women). Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-hip index (WHI), and waist-to-height index (WHtR) were calculated. FM was evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: age in men was 19.3 ± 3.0 years, and in women it was 18.9 ± 1.9 years; weight was 73.6 ± 14.3 kg in men and 75.8 ± 20.3 kg in women, and height in men was 168.9 ± 6.5 cm, and in women it was 156.3 ± 6.2 cm. In males the correlations between FM (DXA) with BMI, WC, HC, WHtR, BAI and WHtR ranged from r = 0.01 to r = 0.89, and in females from r = 0.10 to r = 0.97. The highest correlations were observed with BMI and WC in both sexes (males r = 0.78 to 0.92, and females r = 0.83 to 0.97). Regression equations were generated to estimate FM in males (R2 = 84 %) and in females (R2 = 96 %). Percentiles were calculated for MG per DXA and for each equation. Conclusions: there were significant positive correlations between BMI and WC with FM. These indicators were decisive for developing equations that estimate FM in young people with DS. The results suggest its potential use and application to evaluate, classify and monitor body fat levels in clinical and epidemiological contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La ratio 2D:4D es el cociente entre la longitud del dedo índice y anular de la mano, asociada al balance entre andrógenos y estrógenos, durante el desarrollo embrionario. Una baja proporción 2D:4D, refleja niveles más altos de testosterona en el útero. Esta medida se ha relacionado con ciertos parámetros de la composición corporal, que podrían ser indicativos de la probabilidad de presentar riesgos para la salud. Objetivos: analizar si existe relación entre la ratio 2D:4D y la composición corporal y explorar las diferencias entre los sexos. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional y correlacional con 225 adolescentes (108 chicos y 117 chicas), de entre los 12 y 17 años. Se realizaron medidas antropométricas, de composición corporal y la ratio 2D:4D. Resultados: se encontró una relación directa entre la ratio 2D:4D porcentaje de masa grasa (r=,321 y p

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Objetivos: Se ha sugerido que la condición física y el sobrepeso están relacionados con el rendimiento académico. Este estudio examinó la asociación entre indicadores de masa corporal, masa grasa y condición física sobre el rendimiento académico, en niños/as preadolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad. Método: 19 niños/as preadolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad. Estudio transversal en el que se evaluaron el IMC, IMG, la capacidad aeróbica (test de 20 m), VO2max mediante un test de laboratorio y estimado indirectamente a partir del test de 20 m, fuerza muscular, velocidad-agilidad y el rendimiento académico, a través de la Batería III Woodcock – MuñozTM. Resultados: el rendimiento académico total se relacionó con la capacidad aeróbica, el VO2max, la fuerza del tren inferior y la velocidad-agilidad. La capacidad aeróbica fue asociada con la lectura y destrezas académicas. La fuerza del tren inferior y la velocidad-agilidad con la lectura, las matemáticas y las destrezas académicas. La composición corporal no tuvo asociación.

Introducción: El baloncesto es objeto de múltiples estudios que incluye la valoración mediante tecnologías actuales como la bioimpedancia. Objetivo: Comparar los índices de asimetría (IA) de las extremidades superiores e inferiores en jugadores de baloncesto universitario por nivel deportivo. Método: Se evaluaron 24 jugadores de baloncesto de diferente nivel competitivo, representativo 1) universitario (n = 12) y 2) facultad (n = 12). Se determinó la circunferencia de brazos y piernas, además de masa magra y grasa por bioimpedancia. Se determinó el índice de asimetría de los miembros inferiores y superiores y se compararon por nivel deportivo. Resultados: La comparación de los índices de asimetría entre brazos y piernas en el grupo total identificó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en lo referente a la masa grasa, con mayor adiposidad en extremidades superiores, y un índice de asimetría de -10,8. Cuando se compararon las mismas variables en función del nivel deportivo, los jugadores representantes de la universidad mostraron mayores valores (p < 0,05) en el índice de asimetría de la masa total, circunferencias, masa magra y masa grasa. Las comparaciones intergrupales señalan diferencias en los índices de asimetría del brazo vs. la pierna en masa magra para ambos grupos (p < 0,05) mientras que los de la facultad mostraron diferencia también para grasa con índice de asimetría de 18,3 (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Indistintamente del nivel deportivo, existen diferentes niveles del índice de asimetría entre extremidades superiores e inferiores en el componente de masa grasa, aunque menores valores del índice de asimetría fueron característicos de los individuos de mayor nivel deportivo.

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Introduction: Introduction: practice of physical activity and the ketogenic diet monitoring can have a double effect in helping in processes of weight loss and improvement of body composition and lipid profile. Objective: the objective of this review was to investigate the work done with obese patients who undertook a ketogenic diet and a physical exercise program, as well as to calculate the overall effect size in terms of improvements in fat mass, through a meta-analysis. Methods: the selection of studies was based on the following criteria: experimental studies; a) experimental studies (randomized controlled designs) and quasi-experimental (e.g. pre-test/post-test); b) studies with low-carbohydrate diet (< 30%) or very low in carbohydrates (5-10%) (< 50 g Ch) and/or high in fats (> 35%); c) studies were admitted exclusively with subjects that facility overweight or obesity (BMI > 25; and d) with measurements of body composition and/or Lipid profile at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results: for the methodological review, 7 articles and 3 reviews were analyzed. All studies, whether by establishing aerobic or strength training and show significant weight loss in all outcomes. Conclusions: comparing different types of exercise, we could say that interventions based on endurance exercise reported a decrease in muscle mass, however there was a maintenance, and even an increase, in studies with resistance exercises. Meta-analysis showed significant results at the global level with a medium heterogeneity, therefore, there will be greater reduction of fat mass in groups that realize diets with low carbohydrates and exercise that in those who do not undertake this type of diet, and those only perform exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to compare body composition (BC) and morphological symmetry differences among elite athletes (n = 132) in six martial arts (judo, karate, fencing, wrestling, taekwondo, kickboxing). Multivariate analysis of variances (MANOVA) was used to compare the following variables: absolute (FFM) and relative (FFMrel) value of fat free mass, percentage of fat mass (FMp), bone mass, protein mass, basal metabolic rate, absolute (TBW) and percentual (TBWp) value of total body water, segmental proportion of muscle mass, phase angle, and percent-age differences between the upper and lower limbs. MANOVA revealed significant differences in BC among the groups (λ = 0.01, F104,256 = 10.01, p< 0.01, ηp2 = 0.67). No significant differences were observed for FMp, FFMrel, and TBWp (p>0.05). In all other BC variables, significant differences were detected (p<0.05). The comparison of paired differences between limbs revealed significantly greater fluid volume in the preferred arm compared to the non-preferred arm in karate and fencing athletes. Significant differences (p<0.05) in favour of the preferred leg in all combat athletes were detected. This study revealed morphological differences among practitioners of different martial arts and between paired limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: despite the positive effects of frequent meals on obesity treatment, there have been no definite conclusions on the matter. Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the effects of different meal frequencies on weight loss, body composition and some biochemical parameters of overweight or obese females. Methods: sixty-five adult overweight or obese females were recruited from the Endocrine Department of Ankara Gülhane Education and Research Hospital. Individualistic weight-loss diet programs were implemented (three meals/day for one group and six meals/day for the other group) with a three-month follow-up. Anthropometric measurements and 24-hour dietary records were taken for each week during the study period. Some biochemical parameters (lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin) were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: forty-three participants finished the study period. Body weight, body mass index, fat mass (kg), fat mass percentage (%), and waist circumference (cm) decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.05), while fat free mass (kg) and body water (l) did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Only serum fasting insulin levels decreased significantly in the six meals/day group (p < 0.05). Whatever the differences between the initial and final values of body weight, body composition, and biochemical parameters, they were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). Only the decrease in fasting insulin levels in the six-meal group was found higher than that of the three-meal group. Conclusion: in conclusion, body weight, body composition, and lipid profiling are not affected by the number of meals when weight-loss diets are prepared with adequate energy restrictions and sufficient and balanced nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effect of exercise on fat-acid oxidation depends on its intensity and duration. Pre-training ingest of carbohydrates (CH) decreases the rate of fat oxidation. In contrast, the effect of pre-consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is less known.Objective: the aim of this study was to compare the effect of pre-consumption of two isocaloric snacks in a standardized exercise session during a period of nine weeks and to quantify their impact in the fat oxidation and decrease of fat mass in healthy and physically active adults.Methods: randomized, placebo-control clinical trial study. A total of 19 subjects between 20 and 39 years old were randomly distributed in three groups: CH group, with snack of high content of complex CH; FAT group, with snack of high content of MUFA; and control group, with a minimum fast for three hours before the training session. The measurements were rate of fat oxidation, body composition, and endurance training with continuing and intervallic modalities.Results: the control group showed a tendency to fat mass decrease at the end of the intervention. The fat oxidation of group had a higher tendency than the CH and control group, before and after the intervention. Nevertheless, statistical differences of fat oxidation were not found between the groups.Conclusions: the fat oxidation and the decrease of fat mass may not be influenced by the type of food previously consumed before exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this systematic review was doing a search of the validity of neck perimeter as a marker of adiposity in children and adolescents as well as in adults. A systematic search for articles published before June 30, 2017 was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Original studies, in Spanish or English, were searched to analyze the association between neck circumference and any other marker of adiposity. MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) categories were used in PubMed. The search criteria used were: (("neck circumference" or "neck diameter") AND ("Body Composition" [Mesh] OR "Anthropometry" [Mesh])). This search was repeated in Web of Science. We identified 494 studies, of which 47 were finally selected for this review. From the total, 66% of studies (16 in children and adolescents and 15 in adults) only specify that there is a relationship between neck circumference and body mass index or waist circumference, waist/hip circumference ratio in children and adults. We also observed that neck circumference was directly associated with adiposity markers indirectly measured by reference methods such as computed tomography (CT) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adults. Conversely, no studies were found in children and adolescents. In conclusion, neck circumference is associated with doubly-indirect markers of total and central fat mass in children and adolescents, while in adults it is associated with adiposity parameters measured with indirect and doubly-indirect methods. Further studies including methods that address the association between neck circumference and body composition analyzed using reference methods are required, especially in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Patients on dialysis have important changes in body composition.Objectives: To determine the correlation between skinfold thickness (SKF) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) for estimating fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).Methods: Cross-sectional study. We included 50 patients under dialysis treatment. To measure SKF, we used the Lange® skinfold caliper (Beta Technology, California, USA) and we carried out the impedance analysis with the Bodystat Quadscan 4000® (Quadscan, Isle of Man, UK). The measurements were performed post-hemodialysis. The PD patients were measured with and without peritoneal dialysate and body weight was corrected for peritoneal fluid. We determined the Pearson's correlation coefficient between SKF and BIA for estimating FM and LBM. We also evaluated the influence of age, sex, diuretic use, dialysis vintage, extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) through a multivariate regression analysis.Results: Of the 50-patient total, 29 were men (58%) and patient mean age was 46.3 ± 16.5 years. The correlation between SKF and BIA was r = 0.784 (p < 0.001) for FM and r = 0.925 (p < 0.001) for LBM. Age and sex influenced the variability of FM, whereas sex, age, and ECW influenced the variability of LBM, both evaluated through the SKF and BIA methods.Conclusion: SKF and BIA are useful methods in clinical practice. The strong and statistically significant correlations between the two methods show they are interchangeable. Age, sex, ECW, and ICW influence the variability of FM and LBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la utilidad de diferentes test de condición física para detectar el riesgo de sufrir obesidad sarcopénica (OS) en octogenarios. Métodos: 306 sujetos (76 hombres, 230 mujeres) con una media de edad de 82,5 ± 2,3 años, del total de la muestra del Proyecto Multi-céntrico EXERNET cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La composición corporal se evaluó en todos los sujetos mediante impedancia bioeléctrica. Se crearon 4 grupos basados en el porcentaje de masa grasa y masa muscular: 1) normal, 2) elevada masa grasa, 3) baja masa muscular y 4) OS. La condición física fue evaluada utilizando 8 test diferentes adaptados de las baterías "Senior Fitness Test" y "Eurofit" (batería EXERNET). La probabilidad de padecer OS en función del nivel de condición física se estudió mediante regresión logística. Resultados: Entre las pruebas de condición física estudiadas, los test que mejor predecían el riesgo de sufrir OS fueron la falta de fuerza de piernas, fuerza de brazos, agilidad, velocidad y equilibrio en hombres; 95% CI [(0,6060,957); (0,496-0,882); (1,116-3,636); (1,060-1,825); (0,913-1,002); todos p < 0,05, excepto el test de equilibrio (p = 0,07)] y los test de equilibrio y agilidad en las mujeres; 95% CI [(0,928-1,002); (0,983-1,408), (ambos p = 0,07)]. Conclusión: Niveles adecuados de condición física se asocian a una menor probabilidad de sufrir OS. Algunos test sencillos de condición física podrían ser útiles para la detección de la OS en los casos en los que no se disponga de los métodos de evaluación corporal requeridos para su diagnóstico.

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The prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity worldwide continues to increase, as well as diseases related to these conditions. This is attributed to an increase in energy intake and a decrease in energy expenditure. Consumption of green tea has been linked to a reduction in body fat and body weight. However, research on green tea has been very diverse. This review assesses the investigations that have been made with green tea and its epigallocatechin gallato (EGCG) content, evaluating its effect on body fat and body weight in humans. A search was made in the PubMed and Web of the Science databases that gave a first total result of 424 potential articles; 409 were excluded and 15 articles were used for this systematic review. Research has been very varied, however, daily consumption of green tea with doses of EGCG between 100 and 460 mg/day has shown greater effectiveness on body fat and body weight reduction in intervention periods of 12 weeks or more. In addition, the use of caffeine doses between 80 and 300 mg/day has been shown to be an important factor for this effects, when the participants did not have a high caffeine intake (> 300 mg/day) prior to the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Satiety is a determining parameter in nutrient intake control, which in the long run impacts on body weight. Many athletes need strict control on their weight to achieve their aims of the season.Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of satiety on body weight control and competitive anxiety in a university athletes population when they ingest ad libitum foods (SATIETY), or follow a nutritional dietary programme (DIET).Methods: The present study was a cohort study, in which 40 male university athletes participated. The assessment of body weight was done using the ISAK recommendations in its limited profile. The study of competitive anxiety was evaluated using the CSAI-2 questionnaire.Results: Results showed that the DIET group decreased significantly their body weight compared to the SATIETY group, they also obtained a significant improvement in their body composition, reducing fat mass. The SATIETY group didn't show significant reductions in fat mass. This group showed higher competitive anxiety values than the DIET group.Conclusions: The university athletes that follow an adapted and individualized diet seem to show improvements in their body composition and anxiety compared to those with ad libitum food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of adiposity indeces body mass index (BMI), body mass index adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat), body adiposity index (BAI) and body adiposity index for the Fels Longitudinal Study sample (BAIFels) and the overweight detection in a sample of the Brazilian population.Methods: Cross-sectional study with 501 individuals (female/male = 387/114), which underwent anthropometric measurements and body composition for subsequent calculation of adiposity indices. Statistical analyzes considered p < 0.05 as statistically significant.Results: The averages were: age of 46.94 ± 14.22 years and 48.05 ± 14.40 years, weight 79.5 ± 16, 14 kg and 70.42 ± 16,62 kg, height 172.86 ± 7.6 cm and 159.0 ± 7,35 cm, for men and women, respectively. According to the eutrophic ratings and overweight, the BMIfat ranked 40.3% and 34.0% for men and 21.7% and 65.0% for females, r espectively. While the BAI held 47.7% and 62.3% for men and 65.6% and 34.4% for women, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of BMIfat was clearly superior to all other indexes for both men (93.1%) and women (97.8%), respectively.Conclusion: Findings suggest that BMIfat is the index that has better relationship with the prediction of body fat, BAI did not exceed the limitations of BMI. Future studies should seek to expand this study by adopting the gold standard methods such as DXA and it is necessary to extend the investigation of the validity of adiposity indices to different ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) has been shown to be an extremely useful tool for increasing muscle mass, bone tissue, muscle power, flexibility, and strength, among others. However, to date, there are few studies on the effects of WBVT on energy metabolism and whether this tool could be able to enhance weight loss in addition to a nutritional plan and/or exercise. Objective: The aim of this review is to analyse the most recent studies on vibration training in order to determine whether this method constitutes a reliable complement to programs aimed at weight loss. Methods: An updated literature search was conducted using PubMed, SciELO and SPORTDiscus. In addition, a detailed search was also performed from references given in selected studies. Results: WBVT appears to be associated with three pathways involved in weight loss: inhibition of adipogenesis and reduction of fat mass, increased energy expenditure, and increase in muscle mass. After analysing the literature, none of the results for the proposed pathways are consistent, and indeed are often contradictory. Conclusion: Further in-depth research is required on this subject. However, WBVT would appear to be a safe method, and may possibly yield benefits, mainly as regards muscle mass, which in turn might promote weight loss when combined with a nutritional plan and a traditional exercise program.

Introducción y Objetivos: Este artículo se centra en estudiar los efectos de un programa de actividad física sobre la composición corporal de un grupo de adolescentes. Método: Han participado 35 adolescentes (13 chicos y 22 chicas), entre los 12 y los 15 años de edad (media de edad 13,54 y DE 0,98). Las variables estudiadas han sido: masa grasa, IMC (Índice de Masa Corporal), ICC (Índice Cintura/Cadera). El análisis de la composición corporal se ha realizado mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica, por medio del Monitor de grasa corporal Tanita BC 418-MA Segmental. También se ha utilizado el tallímetro HM - 250P Leicester y la cinta métrica Seca 201. El procedimiento ha sido: pre-test, intervención y pos-test. La intervención ha consistido en 3 días a la semana de actividad física de alta intensidad, 15 minutos al día, durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Se ha realizado un análisis de datos por medio del SPSS 22 y se han obtenido mejoras significativas en la masa grasa y en el IMC (Sig. < 0.05). Conclusiones: El programa de actividad física empleado en este estudio puede ser de utilidad para mejorar la masa grasa y el IMC de adolescentes.

Abstract Introduction and Objectives. Anthropometric study of university population, comprising men and women college athletes participating in the Championships of Spain's 2008 College basketball and football. The aim of this study is to describe the body composition of male and female college athletes in football and basketball specialties Methods. This is a cross-sectional study with direct anthropometric measurements. These have been obtained by following the rules and techniques recommended by the International Group of Cineantropometry. Results. The college athletes generally have a higher percentage of muscle weight and fat mass and bone weight lower percentage of male college athletes. The male basketball players have a higher percentage of fat mass and bone weight and lower percentage of muscle weight in football players. mong women, we found that basketball players have a higher percentage of bone weight and lower percentage of fat mass and muscle mass than soccer players. Conclusions. The competitive level of body composition changes substantially, primarily among females. It is important to have data on body composition at the college level. Keywords: Body Composition, Fat Mass, Muscle Mass, Weight Bone, Anthropometry.

Introducción: La evaluación de la composición corporal es de gran importancia en la pesquisa temprana de alteraciones en el estado nutricional por déficit o por exceso, sin embargo existen pocos métodos de campo confiables para este objetivo en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad de estimaciones de composición corporal con distintos métodos en comparación con absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía (DEXA) como método de referencia, en pacientes portadores de IRC sometidos a hemodiálisis crónica periódica. Pacientes y métodos: Se evaluó la composición corporal en 30 pacientes en hemodiálisis (46,9 ± 15,1 años (18-76); IMC 25,9 ± 5,7 kg/m² (18,1-41,5)), observando la concordancia en el porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG) entre sumatoria de 4 pliegues (SP; calibrador Lange®) y bioimpedanciometría usando distintas ecuaciones (BIA; Biodynamics® 450) contra DEXA (Lunar DPX-L). Resultados: (X ± DE) Según IMC, 3 individuos tenían bajo peso (10%), 14 normopeso (46,7%), 7 sobrepeso (23,3%) y 6 obesidad (20%). El %MG con SP (30,7 ± 7,1%) difirió significativamente de DEXA (27,3 ± 10,3%; p < 0,001). Para BIA hubo diferencia significativa en %MG con ecuaciones de Deurenberg y Formica. El %MG obtenido con ecuaciones del equipo, de Segal, Lukaski y Kyle, no mostró diferencia significativa con DEXA. Con Kyle se observó la mejor concordancia (diferencia con DEXA: -0,58 ± 4,2%). Conclusiones: Se encontró un bajo porcentaje de pacientes con bajo peso con respecto a estudios previos. Los pliegues cutáneos muestran una baja confiabilidad para estimar la masa grasa. La bioimpedanciometría, utilizando la ecuación de Kyle, podría ser un buen método de campo para la evaluación de pacientes en hemodiálisis.Introduction: Assessment of body composition is paramount in early assessment of nutritional status impairments due to excess or deficit. There are, however, few field reliable methods for this objective for patients with chronic renal failure (CRF.). Objective: To assess the reliability of the estimations of body composition by different methods as compared to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the gold standard method in patients with CRF and on regular chronic haemodialysis. Patients and methods: We assessed body composition in 30 haemodialysis patients (46.9 ± 15.1 years (18-76); BMI 25.9 ± 5.7 kg/m² (18.1-41.5)), observing agreement in the percentage of fat mass (%FM) between the sum of the 4 folds (SP; calibrator Lange®) and bioimpedantiometry by using different equations (BIA; Biodynamics® 450) versus DEXA (Lunar DPX-L). Results: (X ± SD) By BMI, 3 subjects had low weight (10%), 14 normal weight (46.7%), 7 overweight (23.3%), and 6 obesity (20%). The %FM with SP (30.7 ± 7.1%) significantly differed from DEXA (27.3 ± 10.3%; p < 0.001). With BIA there was a significant difference in %FM with the Deurenberg and Formica equations. The %FM obtained with the manufacturer's equations (Segal, Lukaski and Kyle) did not show a significant difference from DEXA. With Kyle's equation we observed a better agreement (difference with DEXA: -0.58 ± 4.2%). Conclusions: We found a low percentage of patients with low weight as compared to previous studies. The skin folds show low reliability to estimate the fat mass. The bioimpedantiometry, using Kile's equation may be a good filed method to assess haemodialysis patients.

Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de concordancia entre el método antropométrico y diferentes aparatos de bioimpedancia (BIA) para la estimación de la masa grasa en un grupo de personas jóvenes y físicamente activas. Sujetos: Participaron 55 sujetos estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte del INEFC de Barcelona; 29 hombres (edad: 24,7 ± 4,7 años; IMC: 23,4 ± 1,8) y 26 mujeres (edad: 22,9 ± 3,5; IMC: 21,5 ± 1,9). Todos ellos otorgaron voluntariamente su consentimiento informado Material y métodos: La valoración antropométrica se realizó de acuerdo con el protocolo de la International Society for the Advancement Kinanthropometry (ISAK), el % graso fue calculado mediante la ecuación de Siri y se comparó con el obtenido por 4 aparatos BIA diferentes: Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF-521 y Omron BF-300. Para valorar la concordancia de los resultados se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y el método de Bland Aldman. Resultados: La masa grasa estimada, en hombres, mediante el método antropométrico fue de 7 ± 2,2 kg. Los resultados de los sistemas BIA fueron 7,4 ± 3 kg; 5,6 ± 2,2 kg; 5,7 ± 2,5 kg y 7,4 ± 3 kg para los aparatos Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521 y Omron BF300 respectivamente. En las mujeres los resultados fueron 10,4 ± 2,7 kg de masa grasa mediante el método antropométrico y 10,3 ± 2,9 kg; 11 ± 3,3 kg; 11,5 ± 3,0 kg; 10 ± 2,9 kg para los aparatos Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521 y Omron BF300 respectivamente. Conclusiones: En el grupo masculino la concordancia entre la antropometría y los aparatos BIA fue moderadabaja, en cambio en las mujeres se halló una buena concordancia entre las dos técnicas para la estimación de la grasa corporal cuando fueron utilizados los aparatos Biospace Inbody 720 y Tanita BC400.Objective: To assess the level of agreement between the anthropometrical method and several bioimpedance (BIA) devices to estimate the fat mass in a group of physically active young people. Subjects: 55 students of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports of the INEFC of Barcelona; 29 men (age: 24.7 ± 4.7 years; BMI: 23.4 ± 1.8) and 26 women (age: 22.9 ± 3.5; BMI: 21.5 ± 1.9). All of them voluntarily gave their informed consent. Materials and method: Anthropometrical assessment was done according to the International Society for the Advancement Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol, the fat % was calculated by the Siri's equation and was compared with that obtained by 4 different BIA devices: Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF-521, and Omron BF-300. To assess the level of agreement of the results, the interclass correlation coefficient and the Bland Aldman method were used. Results: The estimated fat mass, in men, by the anthropometrical method was 7 ± 2.2 kg. The results by the BIA systems were: 7.4 ± 3 kg; 5.6 ± 2.2 kg; 5.7 ± 2.5 kg, and 7.4 ± 3 kg for Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521, and Omron BF300, respectively. In women, the results were 10.4 ± 2.7 kg of fat mass by means of the anthropometrical method and 10.3 ± 2.9 kg, 11 ± 3.3 kg, 11.5 ± 3.0 kg, and 10 ± 2.9 kg for Biospace Inbody 720, Tanita BC400, Tanita TBF521, and Omron BF300, respectively. Conclusions: In the male group, the level of agreement between anthropometrics and BIA devices was moderate-poor, whereas in women there was a good correlation between both techniques for estimating the body fat when the Biospace Inbody 720 and Tanita BC400 devices were used.

Para numerosas personas tratar de modificar el peso de su cuerpo ó la apariencia del mismo para ajustarse a las características impuestas por los medios de comunicación masivos, es una de las motivaciones principales por las cuales se ejercitan. Los practicantes de deportes competitivos no escapan a esta tendencia y en muchos casos el anhelo por alcanzar una ventaja en el rendimiento sobre sus oponentes, añade una presión adicional al deseo de aumentar o reducir sus pesos. Tratar de alcanzar un peso «ideal» o «recomendable» a toda costa, puede ser contraproducente cuando se utilizan como referencias clasificaciones que no toman en cuenta la composición corporal ni las diferencias individuales. La manipulación de la ingesta de alimentos, la cantidad y manera en la cual se hace ejercicio y el consumo de fluidos, puede ocasionar disminuciones en el rendimiento o peor aún, perjudicar la salud si no se hacen siguiendo criterios científicos. 1. El peso corporal es una preocupación común dentro de los deportes competitivos. 2. Señalar un determinado número de kilogramos como peso «ideal» Ó «recomendable», carece de significado si no se toma en cuenta la composición corporal. 3. Es más importante reducir la cantidad de grasa en el organismo ó aumentar la masa muscular en el mismo, que variar el número de kilogramos que señala la balanza. 4. Los métodos inadecuados de control de peso corporal acarrean riesgos para la salud. 5. Los atletas deben confiar su bienestar y rendimiento a profesionales especialistas en el área.