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3. Insights into the Peritumoural Brain Zone of Glioblastoma: CDK4 and EXT2 May Be Potential Drivers of Malignancy

Author

Giambra, M, Di Cristofori, A, Conconi, D, Marzorati, M, Redaelli, S, Zambuto, M, Rocca, A, Roumy, L, Carrabba, G, Lavitrano, M, Roversi, G, Giussani, C, Bentivegna, A, Giambra M., Di Cristofori A., Conconi D., Marzorati M., Redaelli S., Zambuto M., Rocca A., Roumy L., Carrabba G., Lavitrano M., Roversi G., Giussani C., Bentivegna A., Giambra, M, Di Cristofori, A, Conconi, D, Marzorati, M, Redaelli, S, Zambuto, M, Rocca, A, Roumy, L, Carrabba, G, Lavitrano, M, Roversi, G, Giussani, C, Bentivegna, A, Giambra M., Di Cristofori A., Conconi D., Marzorati M., Redaelli S., Zambuto M., Rocca A., Roumy L., Carrabba G., Lavitrano M., Roversi G., Giussani C., and Bentivegna A.

Abstract

Despite the efforts made in recent decades, glioblastoma is still the deadliest primary brain cancer without cure. The potential role in tumour maintenance and progression of the peritumoural brain zone (PBZ), the apparently normal area surrounding the tumour, has emerged. Little is known about this area due to a lack of common definition and due to difficult sampling related to the functional role of peritumoural healthy brain. The aim of this work was to better characterize the PBZ and to identify genes that may have role in its malignant transformation. Starting from our previous study on the comparison of the genomic profiles of matched tumour core and PBZ biopsies, we selected CDK4 and EXT2 as putative malignant drivers of PBZ. The gene expression analysis confirmed their over-expression in PBZ, similarly to what happens in low-grade glioma and glioblastoma, and CDK4 high levels seem to negatively influence patient overall survival. The prognostic role of CDK4 and EXT2 was further confirmed by analysing the TCGA cohort and bioinformatics prediction on their gene networks and protein–protein interactions. These preliminary data constitute a good premise for future investigations on the possible role of CDK4 and EXT2 in the malignant transformation of PBZ.

Published
2023

5. The Impact of a Precision-Based Exercise Intervention in Childhood Hematological Malignancies Evaluated by an Adapted Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test

Author

Zardo, W, Villa, E, Corti, E, Moriggi, T, Radaelli, G, Ferri, A, Marzorati, M, Eirale, C, Vago, P, Biondi, A, Jankovic, M, Balduzzi, A, Lanfranconi, F, Zardo W., Villa E., Corti E., Moriggi T., Radaelli G., Ferri A., Marzorati M., Eirale C., Vago P., Biondi A., Jankovic M., Balduzzi A., Lanfranconi F., Zardo, W, Villa, E, Corti, E, Moriggi, T, Radaelli, G, Ferri, A, Marzorati, M, Eirale, C, Vago, P, Biondi, A, Jankovic, M, Balduzzi, A, Lanfranconi, F, Zardo W., Villa E., Corti E., Moriggi T., Radaelli G., Ferri A., Marzorati M., Eirale C., Vago P., Biondi A., Jankovic M., Balduzzi A., and Lanfranconi F.

Abstract

During cancer treatments in childhood hematological malignancies, reduced exercise tolerance is one of the main hardships. Precision-based training programs help children, adolescents, and young adults and their families to resume regular physical activity, exercise, and sports once they return to their communities after the intensive phases spent in hospital. This study was aimed at verifying whether an intermittent recovery test, the Yo-Yo AD, could provide a simple and valid way to evaluate an individual’s capacity to perform repeated intense exercise and to follow up on the impact of tailored exercise in children, adolescents, and young adults with hematological malignancies. The Yo-Yo AD involved the repetition of several shuttles to muscle exhaustion, at pre-established speeds (walking and slow running). The heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) were monitored during the test. The total distance and the walking/running ability, measured as the slope of the HR vs. distance correlation, were investigated before (T0) and after 11 weeks (T1) of precision exercise intervention. The Yo-Yo AD was also performed by healthy children (CTRL). Ninety-seven patients (10.58 ± 4.5 years, 46% female) were enrolled. The Yo-Yo AD showed the positive impact of the exercise intervention by increasing the distance covered by the individuals (T0 = 946.6 ± 438.2 vs. T1 = 1352.3 ± 600.6 m, p < 0.001) with a more efficient walking/running ability (T0 = 2.17 ± 0.84 vs. T1 = 1.73 ± 0.89 slope, p < 0.0164). CTRLs performed better (1754.0 ± 444.0 m, p = 0.010). They were equally skillful (1.71 ± 0.27 slope) when compared to the patients after they received the precision-based intervention. No adverse events occurred during the Yo-Yo AD and it proved to be an accurate way of correctly depicting the changes in performance in childhood hematological malignancies.

Published
2022

6. Acute hypoxia alters visuospatial attention orienting: an electrical neuroimaging study

Author

Zani, A, Crotti, N, Marzorati, M, Senerchia, A, Proverbio, A, Proverbio, AM, Zani, A, Crotti, N, Marzorati, M, Senerchia, A, Proverbio, A, and Proverbio, AM

Abstract

Our study investigated the effects of hypoxia on visuospatial attention processing during preparation for a single/double-choice motor response. ERPs were recorded in two sessions in which participants breathed either ambient-air or oxygen-impoverished air. During each session, participants performed four cue-target attention orienting and/or alerting tasks. Replicating the classic findings of valid visuospatial attentional orienting modulation, ERPs to pre-target cues elicited both an Anterior directing attention negativity (ADAN)/CNV and a posterior Late directing attention positivity (LDAP)/TP, which in ambient air were larger for attention orienting than for alerting. Hypoxia increased the amplitude of both these potentials in the spatial orienting conditions for the upper visual hemifield, while, for the lower hemifield, it increased ADAN/CNV, but decreased LDAP/TP for the same attention conditions. To these ERP changes corresponded compensatory enhanced activation of right anterior cingulate cortex, left superior parietal lobule and frontal gyrus, as well as detrimental effects of hypoxia on behavioral overt performance. Together, these findings reveal for the first time, to our knowledge, that (1) these reversed alterations of the activation patterns during the time between cue and target occur at a larger extent in hypoxia than in air, and (2) acute normobaric hypoxia alters visuospatial attention orienting shifting in space.

Published
2023

8. New On-Water Test for the Assessment of Blood Lactate Response to Exercise in Elite Kayakers

Author

Pilotto AM 1, 2, Rasica L 3, 4, Scalise G 1, Annoni S 1, La Torre A 4, 5, Marzorati M 1, and Porcelli S 1.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Anaerobic Threshold, biology, business.industry, Athletes, Lactic acid blood, Reproducibility of Results, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Athletic Performance, biology.organism_classification, Exercise Test, Humans, Lactic Acid, Water Sports, Test (assessment), Blood lactate, Physical therapy, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business
Abstract

PURPOSE: Lactate thresholds are physiological parameters used to train athletes and monitor performance or training. Currently, the assessment of lactate thresholds in kayakers is performed in a laboratory setting utilizing specific ergometers; however, laboratory tests differ from on-water evaluation for several reasons. The aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of a new on-water incremental test for the assessment of blood lactate response to exercise in flat-water kayakers. Maximal lactate steady state test (MLSS) was used as criterion measurement. METHODS: Eleven junior (16.5±1.9yr) élite flat-water kayakers performed: i) an incremental cardiopulmonary test up to voluntary exhaustion on a stationary kayak ergometer to determine peak oxygen uptake; ii) an on-water 1000m distance trial (T1000) to record best performance time and average speed (S1000); iii) two repetitions of on-water incremental kayaking test (WIK-test); iv) several repetitions of on-water constant speed tests to determine MLSS. Speed, heart rate and blood lactate concentrations were determined during on-water tests. RESULTS: The best performance time in T1000 was 262±13s, corresponding to an S1000 of 3.82±0.19m·s. Lactate threshold determined by modified Dmax method (LTDmod) during WIK-test was 2.78±1.02mmol·L and the corresponding speed (SLT) was 3.34±0.16m·s. Test-retest reliability, calculated on SLT, was strong (ICC=0.95 and r=0.93). MLSS corresponded to 3.06±0.68mmol·L and was reached at a speed (SMLSS) of 3.36±0.14m·s. Correlation coefficient between SLT and SMLSS was 0.90 (p=0.0001). Interestingly, a significant correlation (r=0.96, p

Published
2019

10. Effects of olive and pomegranate by-products on human microbiota: A study using the SHIME® in vitro simulator

Author

Giuliani, C, Marzorati, M, Daghio, M, Franzetti, A, Innocenti, M, de Wiele, T, Mulinacci, N, Giuliani C., Marzorati M., Daghio M., Franzetti A., Innocenti M., de Wiele T. V., Mulinacci N., Giuliani, C, Marzorati, M, Daghio, M, Franzetti, A, Innocenti, M, de Wiele, T, Mulinacci, N, Giuliani C., Marzorati M., Daghio M., Franzetti A., Innocenti M., de Wiele T. V., and Mulinacci N.

Abstract

Two by-products containing phenols and polysaccharides, a “pâté” (OP) from the extra virgin olive oil milling process and a decoction of pomegranate mesocarp (PM), were investigated for their effects on human microbiota using the SHIME® system. The ability of these products to modulate the microbial community was studied simulating a daily intake for nine days. Microbial functionality, investigated in terms of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and NH4+, was stable during the treatment. A significant increase in Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae at nine days was induced by OP mainly in the proximal tract. Polyphenol metabolism indicated the formation of tyrosol from OP mainly in the distal tract, while urolithins C and A were produced from PM, identifying the human donor as a metabotype A. The results confirm the SHIME® system as a suitable in vitro tool to preliminarily investigate interactions between complex botanicals and human microbiota before undertaking more challenging human studies.

Published
2019

13. Dancing With Parkinson's Disease: The SI-ROBOTICS Study Protocol

Author

Bevilacqua, R., Benadduci, M., Bonfigli, A. R., Riccardi, G. R., Melone, G., La Forgia, A., Macchiarulo, N., Rossetti, L., Marzorati, Mauro, Rizzo, G., Di Bitonto, P., Potenza, A., Fiorini, L., Cortellessa Loizzo, F. G., La Viola, C., Cavallo, F., Leone, A., Rescio, G., Caroppo, A., Manni, A., Cesta, A., Cortellessa, G., Fracasso, F., Orlandini, A., Umbrico, A., Rossi, L., Maranesi, E., Marzorati M. (ORCID:0000-0003-1093-2162), Bevilacqua, R., Benadduci, M., Bonfigli, A. R., Riccardi, G. R., Melone, G., La Forgia, A., Macchiarulo, N., Rossetti, L., Marzorati, Mauro, Rizzo, G., Di Bitonto, P., Potenza, A., Fiorini, L., Cortellessa Loizzo, F. G., La Viola, C., Cavallo, F., Leone, A., Rescio, G., Caroppo, A., Manni, A., Cesta, A., Cortellessa, G., Fracasso, F., Orlandini, A., Umbrico, A., Rossi, L., Maranesi, E., and Marzorati M. (ORCID:0000-0003-1093-2162)

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most frequent causes of disability among older people, characterized by motor disorders, rigidity, and balance problems. Recently, dance has started to be considered an effective exercise for people with PD. In particular, Irish dancing, along with tango and different forms of modern dance, may be a valid strategy to motivate people with PD to perform physical activity. The present protocol aims to implement and evaluate a rehabilitation program based on a new system called “SI-ROBOTICS,” composed of multiple technological components, such as a social robotic platform embedded with an artificial vision setting, a dance-based game, environmental and wearable sensors, and an advanced AI reasoner module. Methods and Analysis: For this study, 20 patients with PD will be recruited. Sixteen therapy sessions of 50 min will be conducted (two training sessions per week, for 8 weeks), involving two patients at a time. Evaluation will be primarily focused on the acceptability of the SI-ROBOTICS system. Moreover, the analysis of the impact on the patients' functional status, gait, balance, fear of falling, cardio-respiratory performance, motor symptoms related to PD, and quality of life, will be considered as secondary outcomes. The trial will start in November 2021 and is expected to end by April 2022. Discussions: The study aims to propose and evaluate a new approach in PD rehabilitation, focused on the use of Irish dancing, together with a new technological system focused on helping the patient perform the dance steps and on collecting kinematic and performance parameters used both by the physiotherapist (for the evaluation and planning of the subsequent sessions) and by the system (to outline the levels of difficulty of the exercise). Ethics and Dissemination: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the IRCCS INRCA. It was recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov on the number NCT05005208. The study findings will be used

Published
2021

14. Characterizing the Genomic Profile in High-Grade Gliomas: From Tumor Core to Peritumoral Brain Zone, Passing through Glioma-Derived Tumorspheres

Author

Giambra, M, Messuti, E, Di Cristofori, A, Cavandoli, C, Bruno, R, Buonanno, R, Marzorati, M, Zambuto, M, Rodriguez-Menendez, V, Redaelli, S, Giussani, C, Bentivegna, A, Giambra, Martina, Messuti, Eleonora, Di Cristofori, Andrea, Cavandoli, Clarissa, Bruno, Raffaele, Buonanno, Raffaella, Marzorati, Matilde, Zambuto, Melissa, Rodriguez-Menendez, Virginia, Redaelli, Serena, Giussani, Carlo, Bentivegna, Angela, Giambra, M, Messuti, E, Di Cristofori, A, Cavandoli, C, Bruno, R, Buonanno, R, Marzorati, M, Zambuto, M, Rodriguez-Menendez, V, Redaelli, S, Giussani, C, Bentivegna, A, Giambra, Martina, Messuti, Eleonora, Di Cristofori, Andrea, Cavandoli, Clarissa, Bruno, Raffaele, Buonanno, Raffaella, Marzorati, Matilde, Zambuto, Melissa, Rodriguez-Menendez, Virginia, Redaelli, Serena, Giussani, Carlo, and Bentivegna, Angela

Abstract

Glioblastoma is an extremely heterogeneous disease. Treatment failure and tumor recurrence primarily reflect the presence in the tumor core (TC) of the glioma stem cells (GSCs), and secondly the contribution, still to be defined, of the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ). Using the array-CGH platform, we deepened the genomic knowledge about the different components of GBM and we identified new specific biomarkers useful for new therapies. We firstly investigated the genomic profile of 20 TCs of GBM; then, for 14 cases and 7 cases, respectively, we compared these genomic profiles with those of the related GSC cultures and PBZ biopsies. The analysis on 20 TCs confirmed the intertumoral heterogeneity and a high percentage of copy number alterations (CNAs) in GBM canonical pathways. Comparing the genomic profiles of 14 TC-GSC pairs, we evidenced a robust similarity among the two samples of each patient. The shared imbalanced genes are related to the development and progression of cancer and in metabolic pathways, as shown by bioinformatic analysis using DAVID. Finally, the comparison between 7 TC-PBZ pairs leads to the identification of PBZ-unique alterations that require further investigation.

Published
2021

16. Altitude training and endurance and ultra-endurance performance

Author

Marzorati, Mauro, Marzorati M. (ORCID:0000-0003-1093-2162), Marzorati, Mauro, and Marzorati M. (ORCID:0000-0003-1093-2162)

Abstract

Background. Altitude training has been shown to improve endurance and ultra-en-durance performance at altitude, whereas the possible benefits from altitude/hypoxic training for competing at sea level have been, and still are, a matter for debate. Reasons for this discrepancy may result from the variety of protocols utilized in terms of alti-tude, natural or simulated, to which the athletes were exposed, and amount of the time spent at altitude. In order to conciliate previous findings and provide practical recommendations to athletes, the concept of optimal “hypoxic dose” has been defined. Methods. To perform a review of the literature concerning the effects of altitude training on athletic performance. Results. The dominant paradigm is that the improved performance at sea level is due primarily to an accelerated erythropoiesis due to the reduced oxygen available at alti-tude, leading to an increase in red cell mass. Indeed, in recent years it has become evident that other non-hematological factors (improved muscle efficiency, greater muscle buffering capacity, etc.), may contribute to improve athletic performance. Conclusions. Despite more than fifty years of research and studies, altitude training remains a controversial issue and yet, there are many unanswered questions.

Published
2020

24. Can dynamic in vitro digestion systems mimic the physiological reality?

Author

Dupont, Didier, Alric, M., Blanquet-Diot, S., Bornhorst; G., Cueva, Carolina, Deglaire, A., Denis, S., Ferrua, M., Havenaar, R., Lelieveld, J., Mackie, Alan, Marzorati, M., Ménard, Olivia, Minekus, Mans, Miralles, Beatriz, Recio, Isidra, Abbeele, Pieter van den, Dupont, Didier, Alric, M., Blanquet-Diot, S., Bornhorst; G., Cueva, Carolina, Deglaire, A., Denis, S., Ferrua, M., Havenaar, R., Lelieveld, J., Mackie, Alan, Marzorati, M., Ménard, Olivia, Minekus, Mans, Miralles, Beatriz, Recio, Isidra, and Abbeele, Pieter van den

Abstract

During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the fate of food during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract in order to strengthen the possible effects of food on human health. Ideally, food digestion should be studied in vivo on humans but this is not always ethically and financially possible. Therefore simple static in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal tract have been proposed as alternatives to in vivo experiments but these models are quite basic and hardly recreate the complexity of the digestive tract. In contrast, dynamic models that allow pH regulation, flow of the food and injection in real time of digestive enzymes in the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are more promising to accurately mimic the digestive process. Most of the systems developed so far have been compared for their performances to in vivo data obtained on animals and/or humans. The objective of this article is to review the validation towards in vivo data of some of the dynamic digestion systems currently available in order to determine what aspects of food digestion they are able to mimic. Eight dynamic digestion systems are presented as well as their validation towards in vivo data. Advantages and limits of each simulator is discussed. This is the result of a cooperative international effort made by some of the scientists involved in Infogest, an international network on food digestion.

Published
2019

25. Corridoi agro-ecologici tra adda e martesana: mobilità dolce tra agricoltura e biodiversità

Author

Mattavelli, M, Frigerio, I, Bolchini, M, Marzorati, M, De Amicis, M., Mattavelli, M, Frigerio, I, Bolchini, M, Marzorati, M, and De Amicis, M

Subjects
Sentieri Ciclabili, Mobilita' Sostenibile, Gis, Geoportale, GEO/04 - GEOGRAFIA FISICA E GEOMORFOLOGIA
Abstract

I parchi le aree naturali e le zone agricole di pregio sono stati da sempre percepiti dai cittadini come l’Ambiente per eccellenza. In un mondo che si evolve con estrema rapidità è sempre maggiore l’esigenza di trovare luoghi a bassa pressione antropica dove la natura possa ancora trovare il suo spazio. Ecco allora che ricopre un ruolo centrale il “Conoscere” ciò che ci sta attorno attraverso la fruizione del territorio. La conoscenza è il fondamento per creare un rapporto più profondo tra la popolazione e il proprio territorio innescando risvolti positivi sia sul piano educativo-formativo sia sul piano naturalistico-ambientale inglobando chi vive il territorio nei processi di tutela, difesa e valorizzazione dell’ambiente. Lo scopo del progetto è quello di collegare le aree protette e le aree agricole strategiche presenti nel territorio dell'Adda-Martesana attraverso percorsi idonei alla mobilità dolce preferibilmente passanti per zone protette o aree agricole strategiche. Il progetto mira quindi al recupero, tramite la mobilità dolce e con semplici azioni di manutenzione, dei sentieri sterrati di maggiore estensione ed importanza che collegano 14 comuni tra Adda e Martesana, in modo che si possa attraversare il territorio e raggiungere ciascuna località passando per zone agricole di pregio o aree protette. Il lavoro di mappatura dei percorsi ciclopedonali è stato suddiviso in diverse fasi che comprendono: l’acquisizione del percorso tramite rilievi GPS; il controllo dei tracciati tramite immagini aeree e satellitari; l’elaborazione, la classificazione e la restituzione cartografica dei percorsi tracciati. Tutte le elaborazioni, le classificazioni e le operazioni sono state eseguite in ambiente GIS. La classificazione dei percorsi è avvenuta seguendo le linee guida rilasciate dalla Regione Lombardia. In totale si sono censiti 237 km di sentieri ciclopedonali suddivisi in 63 percorsi di mobilità dolce per i 14 comuni presi in esame. L’identificazione dei percorsi è stata guidata da una scelta ben precisa di interconnessione tra i parchi regionali, i parchi locali di interesse sovracomunale e le zone agricole includendo nel processo decisionale anche gli agricoltori che sono portatori di interessi ed entità chiave per la rinaturalizzazione e la conoscenza del territorio. I risultati sono stati condivisi e divulgati tramite il geoportale dedicato del parco Adda Nord (http://www.parcoaddanord.it/sentieri-ciclabili/) Grazie ai sentieri implementati i cittadini potranno sentirsi parte del territorio e partecipi, se lo vorranno, di un processo di tutela e di recupero dei valori storici e paesaggistici che rischierebbero di scomparire davanti all’inesorabile consumo di suolo. Solo conoscendo ciò che ci sta intorno e vivendolo mediante la fruizione, può nascere quel legame armonico con il territorio che si traduce poi in cura e tutela dello stesso

Published
2017

27. NESTORE - Models for healthy older people

Author

Rizzo G., Mastropietro A., Porcelli S., del Bas J.M., Boqué N., Roecke C., Maldonado Fernandez L., Salvà A., Marzorati M., Belfatto A., Palumbo F., Girolami M., Gotta A., Baronti P., Sycora M., Radeva P., and Dimiccoli M.

Subjects
Cognitive and Mental Status, Multi-domain characterization, Physical Activity Behaviour, SOC model, HAPA model, Social Behaviour, Physiological status, Healthy ageing models, Nutrition
Abstract

This document represents the deliverable D2.1 (Models for Healthy Older People) and it is the main product of the first six month activities of WP2 (End user profiling and Virtual Coaching Guidelines). The document contains the results of the activities performed during Task 2.1 (Modelling of physiological status and physical activity behaviour), Task 2.2 (Modelling of nutritional behaviour), Task 2.3 (Modelling of cognitive and mental status and social behaviour). The document reports the general framework for Healthy Ageing (Chapter 1) and the current empirical findings about age-related trajectories relative to the physical and psychological well-being target domains faced in NESTORE (Physiological Status and Physical Activity Behaviour, Nutrition, Cognitive and Mental Status and Social Behaviour) (Chapter 2). The analysis of the relevant approaches and interventions currently adopted for healthy ageing in the clinical/psychological practise is described in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, a detailed description of the SOC and HAPA motivational models is presented, since these models will be adopted in NESTORE. After a short excursus on previous IT-based EU projects on Healthy Ageing (Chapter 5), the NESTORE model of healthy ageing is described (Chapter 6). In conclusion the specificity of NESTORE in the frame of Healthy Ageing is reported in Chapter 7. The NESTORE model is aimed at providing a structured knowledge, built on expertise of the NESTORE experts (exercise physiologists, nutritionists, psychologists, geriatricians), able to characterize the person in terms of both status and behaviour. In NESTORE, the final user is an older adult, which is living on her/his own (at home or assisted home living), male or female, from 65 to 75 years old, mainly retired or recently retired, with an autonomous life and interested in maintaining or promoting her/his wellbeing and quality of life, without any impairment and/or pathology. Based on this user definition, the model adopts a multi-domain classification, which includes three main different dimensions related to well-being: Physical/Physiological, Nutritional, Cognitive/Mental/Social. For each domain, the model includes: a) Definition of the domain variables useful for the characterization and monitoring of the person. This aspect is specifically thought to support the development of the NESTORE ontology (Task 2.5) and also for profiling activities and, consequently, for personalization purposes (WP4 and WP5). b) The relationships among the domain variables and the variable ranges and/or trends corresponding to normal ageing status and behaviour in that domain. These aspects are specifically thought for the ontology and to support WP4 in the development of the NESTORE Decision Support System c) The measurement scenarios of the NESTORE system variables. This part provides the functional system requirements from the point of view of the domain experts, in support to WP3 and WP5, for the development of the NESTORE Monitoring System. d) The measurement scenarios for pilots. This part is thought to support the definition of Virtual Coach Validation Plan to be used in the pilots to assess the impact and the effectiveness of the Virtual Coach on the elderly subjects' status and behaviour (Task 2.6). Such a product forms the background for the development of the coaching guidelines, which represents the main activity of Task 2.4 and the main focus of the Deliverable D2.2 of WP2 (Guidelines for the virtual coach in all the target domains).

Published
2018

29. Use of microbial communities for human and animal health

Author

Possemier S, Marzorati M, Van De Wiele T, Scheirlinck I, Van den Abeele P, Bolca S, Gottardi D, and Possemier S, Marzorati M, Van De Wiele T, Scheirlinck I, Van den Abeele P, Bolca S, Gottardi D

Subjects
probiotic, gastro-intestinal disorders, bacterial consortia
Abstract

The present invention relates to a mixture of bacteria belonging to at least 6 or 7 different and specific bacterial species preferably for use to prevent or treat gastro-intestinal disorders. Preferably, said mixture of bacteria are grown together in a fermenter prior to administering said mixture to a subject in order to prevent or treat said disorder.

Published
2016

30. Can dynamicin vitrodigestion systems mimic the physiological reality?

Author

Dupont, D., primary, Alric, M., additional, Blanquet-Diot, S., additional, Bornhorst, G., additional, Cueva, C., additional, Deglaire, A., additional, Denis, S., additional, Ferrua, M., additional, Havenaar, R., additional, Lelieveld, J., additional, Mackie, A. R., additional, Marzorati, M., additional, Menard, O., additional, Minekus, M., additional, Miralles, B., additional, Recio, I., additional, and Van den Abbeele, P., additional

Published
2018
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32. Convergent dynamics of the juvenile European sea bass gut microbiota induced by poly-β-hydroxybutyrate

Author

De Schryver, P., Dierckens, K., Bahn Thi, Q.Q., Amalia, R., Marzorati, M., Bossier, P., Boon, N., and Verstraete, W.

Subjects
technology, industry, and agriculture, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bacterial energy and carbon storage compound which exhibits a controlling effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Its beneficial activities for aquaculture have already been shown in terms of increased disease resistance and growth performance in a number of studies. However, the action of PHB on the intestinal microbial community in the treated animals has not yet been studied in depth. In this research, the effects of PHB on the microbiota composition in the intestinal tract of juvenile sea bass were examined. It was found that fish cohabiting in the same tank were on average 87% similar regarding the intestinal microbiota. When subjected to the same treatment and environmental conditions but reared in different tanks, the compositions of the enteric communities diverged. The provision of PHB overruled this tank effect by sustaining a microbial core community in the gut that represented 60% of the total bacterial diversity at the highest PHB level of 10%. The microbial community compositions converged between replicate tanks upon supplementation of PHB and were characterized by high dynamics and increased evenness. The results are discussed in the framework of hypotheses that try to relate the intestinal microbial community composition to the health status of the host organisms.

Published
2011
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33. Can dynamic digestion systems mimic the physiological reality?

Author

Dupont, D., Alric, M., Blanquet-Diot, S., Bornhorst, G., Cueva, C., Deglaire, A., Denis, S., Ferrua, M., Havenaar, R., Lelieveld, J., Mackie, A. R., Marzorati, M., Menard, O., Minekus, M., Miralles, B., Recio, I., and Van den Abbeele, P.

Subjects
GASTROINTESTINAL system, DIGESTION, DIGESTIVE enzymes, ALIMENTARY canal, DYNAMICAL systems, DYNAMIC models, SCIENTISTS
Abstract

During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the fate of food during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract in order to strengthen the possible effects of food on human health. Ideally, food digestion should be studied in vivo on humans but this is not always ethically and financially possible. Therefore simple static in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal tract have been proposed as alternatives to in vivo experiments but these models are quite basic and hardly recreate the complexity of the digestive tract. In contrast, dynamic models that allow pH regulation, flow of the food and injection in real time of digestive enzymes in the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are more promising to accurately mimic the digestive process. Most of the systems developed so far have been compared for their performances to in vivo data obtained on animals and/or humans. The objective of this article is to review the validation towards in vivo data of some of the dynamic digestion systems currently available in order to determine what aspects of food digestion they are able to mimic. Eight dynamic digestion systems are presented as well as their validation towards in vivo data. Advantages and limits of each simulator is discussed. This is the result of a cooperative international effort made by some of the scientists involved in Infogest, an international network on food digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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34. Determinants of performance in 1,500-m runners

Author

Ferri A. 1, 2, Adamo S. 1, La Torre A. 3, Marzorati M. 4, Bishop D.J. 5, Miserocchi G. 1, Ferri, A, Adamo, S, La Torre, A, Marzorati, M, Bishop, D, and Miserocchi, G

Subjects
Male, Physiology, Bohr effect, spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso, Quadriceps Muscle, Running, Hemoglobins, Blood lactate, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Treadmill, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Chemistry, VO2 max, General Medicine, Middle-distance runners, Muscle Fatigue, Linear Model, medicine.symptom, Human, Muscle contraction, Muscle Contraction, cinetica consumo di ossigeno, medicine.medical_specialty, Vastus lateralis muscle, Settore BIO/09 - FISIOLOGIA, Athletic Performance, Young Adult, Oxygen Consumption, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Hemoglobin, Lactic Acid, Least-Squares Analysis, Kinetic, Least-Squares Analysi, Oxygen uptake kinetics, Muscle fatigue, Skeletal muscle bioenergetics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Surgery, Kinetics, Endocrinology, Biological Marker, Exercise Test, Linear Models, Pulmonary Ventilation, Biomarkers
Abstract

Our aim was to investigate the relationship between physiological variables (not previously studied) and performance in elite 1,500-m runners. We assessed eight male athletes with an average personal best time of 233.3 ± 6.9 s (110% of the world record) for the 1,500-m race. Ventilatory measurements, maximal oxygen consumption VO2max maximal vastus lateralis muscle deoxygenation (∆[deoxy(Hb+Mb)])max via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and maximal velocity (V (max)) were obtained during an incremental treadmill test. During subsequent constant-speed exercise at Vmax, we determined the time to exhaustion (Tlim), end-exercise blood lactate concentration ([La]b(max)), VO2 and ∆[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] kinetics parameters. The mean VO2max, [La]b(max) and Vmax were 70.2 ± 3.9 mL kg(-1) min(-1), 12.7 ± 2.4 mmol L(-1), 21.5 ± 0.5 km h(-1), respectively. VO2 at Vmax showed a significant negative correlation with Tlim, whereas [La]b(max) was positively correlated with Tlim. Race speed was found to significantly correlate with ∆[deoxy(Hb+Mb)](max) (79% of maximal value obtained during a transient limb ischemia), ∆[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] slow component (22.9 ± 9.3% of total amplitude) and [La]b(max) at Vmax. [La]b(max) at Vmax was also significantly correlated with ∆[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] slow component, suggesting a greater release of oxygen from the hemoglobin due to the Bohr effect. We conclude that both the maximal capacity of muscle to extract O2 from the blood and the end-exercise blood lactate accumulation are important predictors of best performance in 1,500-m runners.

Published
2011

35. Characterization of microbial consortia from marine sediments of the Venice lagoon capable of PCB dechlorination

Author

Balloi A., Marzorati M., Daffonchio D., ZANAROLI, GIULIO, NEGRONI, ANDREA, FAVA, FABIO, Balloi A., Zanaroli G., Negroni A., Marzorati M., Fava F., and Daffonchio D.

Abstract

In this study we investigated how widespread is the capability of bacterial communities from contaminated and not contaminated sediments to degrade different PCBs mixtures. To reach our aim we used a “multilevel approach” that includes the investigation on the functionality and the structure of the microbial community and the detection of strains eventually involved in the degradation process. Samples from different sites of Venice lagoon were used to set up microcosms spiked with mixtures consisting in five coplanar PCBs or Aroclor 1242. Cultivation-independent methods such as LH-PCR (Length Heterogeneity PCR) and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) were applied to characterize the bacterial community structure and diversity of the two sets of microcosms. Specific PCR tests were used to search for Dehalococcoides-like bacteria correlated to PCBs dechlorination. In order to give an ecological interpretation to the differences occurring between the bacterial community structure of the two sediments, the Pareto-Lorenz curve interpretation was applied.

Published
2008

41. Fast reduction of peripheral blood Endothelial Progenitor Cells in healthy humans exposed to acute systemic hypoxia

Author

Colombo E. 1, 2, Marconi C. 3, Taddeo A. 1, Cappelletti M. 1, Villa M.L. 1, Marzorati M. 3, Porcelli S. 3, 4, Vezzoli A. 3, and Della Bella S. 5

Subjects
cardiovascular system, oxidative stress, Hypoxia, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Abstract

There are hints that hypoxia exposure may affect the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in humans. To test this hypothesis, the concentration of EPCs was determined by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 10 young healthy adults before (0h), at different times (0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h) during a 4h normobaric hypoxic breathing simulating 4100m altitude, and in the following recovery breathing room air. Results were interpreted mainly on the basis of the changes in surface expression of CXCR-4 (a chemokine receptor essential for EPC migration and homing), the percentage of apoptotic cells, the plasmatic levels of markers of oxidative stress induced by hypoxic breathing. Compared to 0h, the concentration of EPCs, identified as either CD45dim/CD34+/KDR+ or CD45dim/CD34+/KDR+/CD133+ cells, decreased from 337±83 (mean±SEM) to 223±52 (0.5h;P

Published
2012

42. Microbial symbionts : a resource for the management of insect-related problems

Author

Crotti, E, Balloi, A, Hamdi, C, Sansonno, L, Marzorati, M, Gonella, E, Favia, Guido, Cherif, A, Bandi, C, Alma, A, Daffonchio, D., Boon, Nico, and Verstraete, Willy

Subjects
CERATITIS-CAPITATA, DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS, Insecta, MACROFILARICIDAL ACTIVITY, 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA, PARATRANSGENIC CONTROL, fungi, LIFE-SHORTENING WOLBACHIA, Biology and Life Sciences, LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER, DOXYCYCLINE TREATMENT, Animals, Pest Control, Biological, Symbiosis, Review Articles, BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS
Abstract

Summary Microorganisms establish with their animal hosts close interactions. They are involved in many aspects of the host life, physiology and evolution, including nutrition, reproduction, immune homeostasis, defence and speciation. Thus, the manipulation and the exploitation the microbiota could result in important practical applications for the development of strategies for the management of insect‐related problems. This approach, defined as ‘Microbial Resource Management’ (MRM), has been applied successfully in various environments and ecosystems, as wastewater treatments, prebiotics in humans, anaerobic digestion and so on. MRM foresees the proper management of the microbial resource present in a given ecosystem in order to solve practical problems through the use of microorganisms. In this review we present an interesting field for application for MRM concept, i.e. the microbial communities associated with arthropods and nematodes. Several examples related to this field of applications are presented. Insect microbiota can be manipulated: (i) to control insect pests for agriculture; (ii) to control pathogens transmitted by insects to humans, animals and plants; (iii) to protect beneficial insects from diseases and stresses. Besides, we prospect further studies aimed to verify, improve and apply MRM by using the insect–symbiont ecosystem as a model.

Published
2012

45. Functional impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism during knee-extension exercise after bed rest

Author

Salvadego D. 1, Lazzer S. 1, Marzorati M. 2, Porcelli S. 2, 3, Rejc E. 1, Simunic B. 4, Pisot R. 4, di Prampero P.E. 1, and Grassi B. 1

Subjects
muscle atrophy, near-infrared spectroscopy, exercise tolerance, physical deconditioning, Microgravity
Abstract

A functional evaluation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism during dynamic knee-extension (KE) incremental exercises was carried out following a 35-day bed rest (BR) (Valdoltra 2008 BR campaign). Nine young male volunteers (age: 23.5 ± 2.2 years [mean ± SD]) were evaluated. Pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (Q, by impedance cardiography), skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) fractional O(2) extraction and brain (frontal cortex) oxygenation (by near-infrared spectroscopy) were determined during incremental KE. Values at exhaustion were considered "peak". Peak HR (147 ± 18 beats(.)min(-1) before vs. 146 ± 17 after BR) and peak (17.8 ± 3.3 L(.)min(-1) before vs. 16.1 ± 1.8 after BR) were unaffected by BR. As expected, brain oxygenation did not decrease during KE. Peak O(2) uptake (VO (2)peak) was lower after vs. before BR, both when expressed as L(.)min(-1) (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 1.26 ± 0.27) and when normalized per unit of quadriceps muscle mass (46.5 ± 6.4 mL(.)min(-1)(.)100g(-1) vs. 56.9 ± 11.0). Skeletal muscle peak fractional O(2) extraction, expressed as a percentage of the maximal values obtained during a transient limb ischemia, was lower after (46.3 ± 12.1%) vs. before BR (66.5 ± 11.2). After eliminating, by the adopted exercise protocol, constraints related to cardiovascular O(2) delivery, a decrease in VO (2)peak and muscle peak capacity of fractional O(2) extraction was found after 35 days of BR. These findings suggest a substantial impairment of oxidative function at the muscle level, "downstream" with respect to bulk blood flow to the exercising muscles, that is possibly at the level of blood flow distribution/O(2) utilization inside the muscle, peripheral O(2) diffusion, intracellular oxidative metabolism.

Published
2011

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