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The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic meta-analysis on global prevalence of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) infection. According to the guidelines of PRISMA, the meta-analysis was performed. After compete search, data extraction and selection of studies, data were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software program. The results of meta-analysis were95% confidence intervals, effect size, heterogeneity, weight, and publication bias. In the finally selected studies (54 articles), the overall prevalence of FCoV was 32.42 %, wherein, a total of 13,639 cats out of 42,076 were found to be positive for FCoV. The prevalence of infection was most prevalent in Europe (47.6%), but less prevalent in North and M/Central America (3.88%). The lowest infection rate was recorded in the USA, but the highest was recorded in Germany (0.6% vs 100%). Results of meta-analysis for fixed effect showeda Z value of -30.213 (p=0.00), but for random effect, the z value was -0.310 (P = 0.756). The degree of heterogeneity in the selected study on both fixed and random effect was measured and demonstrated by the forest plot (I-squared: 99.046; Q-value: 5453.144 and P value: 0.000. The output of the Egger regression test was intercept (1.82), confidence interval (-1.72-5.37), t-value (1.03) and p-value (0.30). However, the result of Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test was Kendall's Tau (0.00), zvalue for Tau (0.00) and P value (0.5). In conclusion, the present results indicate that the FCoV infection is globally widespread. Therefore, strict prevention and control policies should be formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In equine practice, inguinal hernia is a common disease and can be either acquired (direct) or congenital (indirect). This retrospective study aimed to describe the presentation and surgical management of acquired inguinal/scrotal herniation in 11 working donkeys (nine intact males, one gelding, and one female). All donkeys had a unilateral acquired inguinal/scrotal hernia, which was noticed by the owner for a period of two to 24 weeks. All the swellings were reducible, painless, not accompanied by an acute abdomen. Ultrasonography, rectal, and clinical examination are useful tools for the diagnosis of inguinal/scrotal hernias in donkeys. Eight animals underwent successful inguinal herniorrhaphy with the removal of the testicle at the affected side, and the superficial inguinal ring was closed by application double-layer polypropylene mesh. The recovery period ranged from 14 to 25 days (average, 16.8 ± 2.8 days). All donkeys released from the clinic returned to their previous levels of exercise. Our study showed that acquired inguinal or scrotal herniation in donkeys is not a clinical emergency requiring prompt intervention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing this condition in donkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of using digital and imaging technology in the assessment of students in the simulation operative technique. Methods: 47 students in the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia were examined for Class II cavity preparation for amalgam on plastic tooth number 46. The evaluation was done by two faculty members using the digital and imaging technology acronym as "DIET" (Dental Instruction, Evaluation and Training System). Results were compared with marks obtained by direct visual assessments. Fifteen percent of the preparations were re-evaluated to determine intra-examiner reliability. The evaluations also were analyzed for inter-examiner reliability. Results: The results taken through the use of the digital and imaging system was found to have no significant difference with those obtained from the direct visual assessment. Conclusion: The use of the new digital and imaging technology is helpful to facilitate web-based teaching and assist dental faculties’ members in the grading of dental students. This would allow Malaysian dental faculties to be in the league of globally-known dental faculties which are using similar solutions. The use of the system has several advantages over the traditional method. It frees the lecturers from the paperwork and reduces the direct contact with students allowing lecturers to evaluate all aspects of the procedure at any time. This also decrease or eliminate students’ need to wait “in line” for evaluation. Limitation of contact with patients may reduce the cross-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]