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We are currently dealing with disruptions in supply chains. They come from faulty production systems, in poor organization of distribution processes or are related to external factors, often unseen. Consequently, it is necessary to build resistant chains. This article discusses this topic in the context of the basic types of supply chains, i.e. agile, lean and green. The aim of the study was to assess the types of chains in which the tested production entities are embedded and check if the proposed models of building resilience take this into account. The reason this should be investigated further, is to indicate relationships in areas that are rarely captured in research models. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the work. Interviews were conducted in over seventy subjects and a critical analysis of the literature on model of resilient supply chains was performed. As a result of the work undertaken, it can be concluded, inter alia, that in the economic reality, there are hybrid chains in which the characteristics of pro-saving chains prevail. It was also established that the proposed research models for resilient chains should take into account, to greater extent, accents compatible with the nature of the chains occurring an economic reality. It is also necessary to extend their content to include pro-environmental components. At the same time, it is not unequivocal that the chains with the advantage of agility-related attributes are more resistant than the chains in which the greater concentration is attributed to the attributes of lean or green chains. Determining this requires further research.

While solving tasks that test their intelligence, children suffering from developmental language disorders (DLD) usually receive lower scores than their typically developing (TD) peers. The present study aimed to assess how children with DLD solve typical nonverbal tasks. Sixty-five children (ages 6-9 years), monolingual users of the Polish language, participated in this study (34 with DLD, 31 TD). The Test of Language Development (TLD) was used to assess language development. Three tasks from the ABC II Kaufmann were used: triangles, story completion, and conceptual thinking. Children with DLD scored significantly lower than TD children in conceptual thinking and story completion. Scores on the triangles test did not correlate significantly with scores on the linguistic tests, whereas conceptual thinking and story completion were highly intercorrelated. While solving the task that required choosing an object that does not match other objects, children with DLD frequently selected different answers than TD children.

The purpose of the study is presentation of the method of increasing the competitiveness of the mining industry through the demonstration of the possibility and potential in closing the loop of supply chains through waste management. A critical analysis of the source literature and an arithmetic analysis of statistical data in static and dynamic perspectives were accepted to be the research method. It has been found that the structure of the level of mining wastes and the level of their recovery rates demonstrate a large potential of closing the loop of chains in this industry and, at the same time, a potential to extend the chains through directing the material from recovery to various sectors. This constitutes an example of the direction of activities that are in line with the EU strategies for the economies of other states which possess this type wastes.

Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has hit minorities more profoundly than the majority society. We evaluated the interplay between ethnic minority identity, gender, and COVID-19-related attitudes and behaviours. Participants and procedure Using data from a survey carried out among both members of ethnic minorities in Poland and Mexico and the majority outgroups, we assessed the perception of the pandemic as a grave threat to the self and to the world, as well as compliance with the protective measures to stop the spread of COVID-19. We tested the effects of gender and minority versus majority status on protective compliance, and of the pandemic as a threat to the self and the world. Results A two-way ANOVA test with gender and ethnicity factors revealed significant effects of gender, ethnicity, and gender × ethnicity interaction. The effect of gender was significant for compliance with protective behaviours, threat to the self, and threat to the world. Women had higher mean levels of protective behaviours, perceptions of threat to the self, and perceptions of threat to the world than men. The effect of Indigenous ethnicity was significant for protective behaviours and threat to the world. The mean level of protective behaviours and threat to the world was higher for ethnic minority groups than for non-minority groups. Conclusions Maladaptive gender differences in COVID-19-related attitudes and behaviour are less prominent among people self-identifying as ethnic minority members.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used for accurate heat load forecasting in district heating systems (DHSs). This paper presents an application of a shallow ANN with two hidden layers in the case of a local DHS. The developed model was used to write a simple application in Python 3.10 that can be used in the operation of a district heating plant to carry out a preliminary analysis of heat demand, taking into account the ambient temperature on a given day. The model was trained using the real data from the period 2019–2022. The training was sufficient for the number of 150 epochs. The prediction effectiveness indicator was proposed. In the considered case, the effectiveness of the trained network was 85% and was better in comparison to five different regression models. The developed tool was based on an open-source programming environment and proved its ability to predict heating load.

Purpose: The aim of the research is to indicate potential areas of application for ChatGPT in the supply chain and the associated outcomes with reference to specific examples. The purpose of the deliberations is also to propose a research model, which will serve as an empirical matrix for examining case studies and, as this technology becomes more widespread, for quantitative research. Design/methodology/approach: In the first stage of the research, a qualitative review of scientific literature was conducted. Subsequently, selected items were assigned to thematic modules, guided by knowledge of the sequencing of processes in the supply chain. The collected material allowed for the identification of research gaps in the discussed topic. Findings: As a result of the undertaken work, a measurement tool has been proposed, useful for future research on the use of ChatGPT in supply chains, consisting of several constructs and dozens of test items. This is also the first such proposal in the world literature. It has been found that the application of ChatGPT at its current stage of development and empirical evidence is primarily illustrated in relation to logistics and marketing management, mainly in customer service and transport tasks. The effectiveness of chat application has been confirmed, among others, in the area of supply chain configuration, supplier selection, inventory management, production, and transportation. However, these are individual studies. There is a lack of empirical studies on the use of GPT in freight forwarding, logistics operators, distribution, and reverse logistics. Research is also needed on the connections between the described technology and other Industry 4.0 technologies used in the supply chain. Such correlations have been examined in relation to blockchain, 3D, but the potential in this area is much greater. Research limitations/implications: The article integrates knowledge of supply chain management and the potential of one of the most advanced Natural Language Processing models. This area is exceptionally under-explored compared to previous works in the field of ChatGPT. Practical implications: Enterprises implementing ChatGPT in their supply chains can generate specific business benefits outlined in the research model. Social implications: The described technology can have positive effects in all dimensions of sustainable activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used for accurate heat load forecasting in district heating systems (DHSs). This paper presents an application of a shallow ANN with two hidden layers in the case of a local DHS. The developed model was used to write a simple application in Python 3.10 that can be used in the operation of a district heating plant to carry out a preliminary analysis of heat demand, taking into account the ambient temperature on a given day. The model was trained using the real data from the period 2019–2022. The training was sufficient for the number of 150 epochs. The prediction effectiveness indicator was proposed. In the considered case, the effectiveness of the trained network was 85% and was better in comparison to five different regression models. The developed tool was based on an open-source programming environment and proved its ability to predict heating load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jak wskazał Lawrence Lessig, żyjemy w czasach „kultury remiksu” – powszechny dostęp do Internetu, a przez to do wielu dóbr kultury, sprawia, że artyści często przerabiają lub w inny sposób wykorzystują twórczość innych osób. Jest to szczególnie widoczne w muzyce. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wykazanie, że sampling muzyczny jest co do zasady zgodny z polskim prawem autorskim. W badaniach wykorzystano przede wszystkim metodę dogmatyczną, dokonując analizy przepisów ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych regulujących pojęcia utworu i inspiracji oraz instytucję prawa cytatu. We wnioskach wskazano, że sampling muzyczny w wielu przypadkach nie narusza prawa autorskiego, ponieważ polega na wykorzystaniu nietwórczego (niechronionego) fragmentu utworu pierwotnego. Natomiast w pozostałych sytuacjach, tzn. wtedy gdy uzna się, że dany sampel jest jednak objęty ochroną prawnoautorską, przeważnie dopuszczalne będzie jego wykorzystywanie w ramach prawa cytatu. Niemniej powyższe twierdzenia nie oznaczają, że sampling stanowi w każdym przypadku działanie etyczne lub moralnie uzasadnione.