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Introduction: The present study was conducted to compare the effects of clonidine and tranexamic acid on the volume of bleeding and quality of the surgical field in terms of bleeding in candidates who underwent rhinoplasty. Methods: In this two-sided clinical trial, candidates eligible for rhinoplasty were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: tranexamic acid and clonidine. The first group received tranexamic acid at a dose of 700 µg/kg of body weight 2 hours before the surgical procedure, whereas the second group received clonidine orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight, 90 minutes before surgery. Subsequently, the volume of bleeding was calculated based on the amount of blood collected via suction and in blood-soaked gauze, which was previously weighed. Results: Among the 92 patients who underwent rhinoplasty, 82% were women. The mean age and standard deviation (SD) of individuals who underwent rhinoplasty were 29.22 ± 8.50 years. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in terms of age, gender, and body mass index. The volume of blood collected via suction during rhinoplasty, categorized into surgery duration

The current study set out to investigate the effect of dynamic assessment (DA) on the speaking accuracy and fluency of pre-intermediate English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. In contrast to static assessment, DA is conceptualized as an interactive approach towards assessment which combines teaching and testing in a unitary instructional intervention. To address the objectives of the present study, initially Preliminary English Test (PET) was given to 93 learners and 62 learners whose scores fell within ± one standard deviation from the mean were selected. The 62 selected learners were divided into an experimental and a control group. Prior to the administration of the treatment, both groups were given a speaking pretest and their fluency and accuracy scores were calculated. Following that, the dynamic assessment group received treatment for grammar and vocabulary in line with an established framework in the literature in which a stepwise mediation from the most implicit to the most explicit feedback shapes the foundation of DA. As for the control group, the participants received the same content in terms of vocabulary and grammar but there was no step-wise mediation. At the end of the treatment, both groups were given a speaking posttest and the scores were used to address the research questions. Moreover, five of the participants in the experimental group were interviewed to seek their perceptions towards the effectiveness of dynamic assessment for their speaking accuracy and fluency. The results of ANCOVA indicated that dynamic assessment significantly impacted the speaking accuracy of the participants; however, DA did not significantly improve the participants’ speaking fluency. The results of interviews also revealed that overall the participants had positive perceptions towards the effectiveness of dynamic assessment for improving their speaking accuracy.

Selection for improving of production and reproductive performance traits in livestock is a time-consuming process and can only be applied to adult animals. Sarabi cow is one of the local Iranian dairy breeds with dominate geographical distribution on NorthWest of Iran. Characterization of candidate genes associated with milk yield and reproductive performance traits is important and can help to improve the efficiency of breeding programs in this breed. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the association among four candidate genes (Leptin, Growth Hormone (GH), Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) and pit-1) with milk yield and some reproductive performance traits in Sarabi cattle breed using PCR-RFLP marker. The obtained results revealed that the highest allele frequencies were observed for A (0.72), V (0.51), + (0.65) and B (0.55) for Leptin, GH, GHR and pit-1 genes respectively. The respective LL, -/- and AB-BB genotypes of GH, GHR and pit-1 genes showed higher milk yield production compare to other genotypes of these genes (P Also, LL and AB genotypes of GH and pit-1 genes were related to shorter open days (PNo evidence showing the association between other genotypes of these genes and the other investigated traits were observed in the present study. Overall, candidate genes showed deficiency of observed heterozygosity value compare to the expected heterozygosity value. In addition, the results of chi-square analysis showed that all candidate genes were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. As a conclusion, the finding of the present study revealed the association of investigated candidate genes with milk yield and open days in Sarabi cattle breed and the application of these polymorphisms for marker assisted selection (MAS) should be further evaluated.

Introduction: Halophiles and halotolerant microorganisms are some of the extremophiles that are able to grow in medium containing sodium chloride and have adapted to life in salinity environments. Halophiles bacteria in saline soils by maintaining the food chain, decomposition of organic matter and improvement of soil structure and fertility improve soil conditions. Materials and methods: In order to isolate the halotoletant bacteria, from the halophyte rhizosphere, four desert areas in Golestan province were sampled. To check the Extremophile of isolates, their resistance was tested for resistant to salinity, drought, temperature and PH. Also, plant growth promoting traits were measured. Results: Fromforty-five strains which were isolated, three strains (G3, G6 and G14) have demonstrated the ability of resistance to 35% salt. Isolates G6 and G3 phosphate solubiliziation power of 301 and 201 ppm, respectively. Isolated G6 micrograms produced auxin 20/7 Mg/ ml. G14 and G6 grow at 50 °C, pH = 10 and osmotic potential -0 /7MPa. While G3 strain grows at 50 °C, pH = 7/ 5 and osmotic potential -0/49. The three strains of the bacterial genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: In this study, isolates due to the growth in concentrations of salt and saturated salt tolerance of extreme environmental conditions and are likely halotolerant or halophile bacteria and its potential for use in various fields of biotechnology including biotech, industrial enzyme production and biological fertilizers for saline soil improvement.