Search

The current systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of oral Mg supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Related articles were found by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science databases (from inception to 30 February 2020). A one-stage robust error meta-regression model based on inverse variance weighted least squares regression and cluster robust error variances was used for the dose–response analysis between Mg supplementation and duration of intervention and glycaemic control factors. Eighteen eligible randomised clinical trials were included in our final analysis. The dose–response testing indicated that the estimated mean difference in HbA1c at 500 mg/d was −0·73 % (95 % CI: −1·25, −0·22) suggesting modest improvement in HbA1c with strong evidence (P value: 0·004). And in fasting blood sugar (FBS) at 360 mg/d was −7·11 mg/dl (95 % CI: −14·03, −0·19) suggesting minimal amelioration in FBS with weak evidence (P value: 0·092) against the model hypothesis at this sample size. The estimated mean difference in FBS and HbA1c at 24 weeks was −15·58 mg/dl (95 % CI: −24·67, −6·49) and −0·48 (95 % CI: −0·77, −0·19), respectively, suggesting modest improvement in FBS (P value: 0·034) and HbA1c (P value: 0·001) with strong evidence against the model hypothesis at this sample size. Oral Mg supplementation could have an effect on glycaemic control in T2DM patients. However, the clinical trials so far are not sufficient to make guidelines for clinical practice.

This is a comprehensive systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis evaluating the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF‐α) among adults. The major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications until December 14, 2020, using appropriate keywords. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the quality of each study. We also performed a subgroup analysis to identify probable sources of heterogeneity. A total of 18 studies with 927 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and included in this meta-analysis. Our results indicate that the supplementation with magnesium had no statistically significant effect on serum concentrations of CRP (WMD, − 0.49; 95% CI, − 1.72 to 0.75 mg/L; P = 0.44), IL-6 (WMD, − 0.03; 95% CI, − 0.40 to 0.33 pg/mL; P = 0.86), and TNF‐α (WMD, 0.12; 95% CI, − 0.08 to 0.31 pg/mL; P = 0.24) compared with controls. In addition, based on dose–response assessment, no significant non-linear association was found between magnesium supplementation dosage or duration on serum CRP and IL-6 concentrations. The findings of the present systematic review and meta-analysis did not support the notion that oral magnesium supplementation could have favorable effects on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the adult population.

Purpose A number of studies have examined the association between vitamin D and dry eye disease in different populations, but findings are inconclusive. Herein, available observational studies were systematically reviewed to elucidate the overall relationship between vitamin D and dry eye disease among adult population. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and ISI web of science databases were searched until January 2020 for studies assessing the association between vitamin D and dry eye disease. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to examine the quality of each study. Results A total of 14 studies out of 252 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Serum 25(OH) D3 was lower in dry eye disease subjects compared to healthy ones (WMD −5.93; 95 % CI, −7.47 to −4.40; P Conclusion It was found that serum vitamin D had a significantly lower level in dry eye disease patients, and correlated with ocular surface disease index but no other dry eye disease parameter. The findings add to the existing literature supporting the concept that nutrition especially vitamin D plays an important role in human eye health. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship

Summary Several reports have indicated a positive effect of phytosterols on blood pressure (BP), nevertheless these findings have been controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was aimed to investigate the effects of phytosterol supplementation on BP. An online search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar up to May 2019. Weighted Mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. The present meta-analysis of 19 RCTs showed that supplementation with phytosterols can decrease both systolic BP (WMD: −1.55 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.67 to −0.42, p = 0.007) and diastolic BP (WMD: −0.84 mmHg, 95% CI: −1.60 to −0.08, p = 0.03). Dose–response analysis revealed that phytosterol intake change SBP significantly based on treatment dose in nonlinear fashion. Subgroup analysis based on duration showed a significant effect of phytosterol on SBP and DBP in subsets of Based on current findings supplementation with phytosterol may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy in hypertensive patients as well as a complementary preventive option in prehypertensive and normotensive individuals. However, this issue is still open and requires further investigation in future studies.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on the lipid profile in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to infinity until 30 January 2020. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were reported using standard methods. The pooled analysis of 12 randomized controlled trial s indicated that Mg administration led to significant reduction of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p = 0.006). However, our results revealed that Mg supplementation did not have any effect on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum concentrations among T2DM patients in comparison with the control group. Subgroup analysis based on duration of study suggested that more than 12 weeks of Mg supplementation significantly decreased the serum TC levels (p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis comparing the dose of intervention indicated that Mg supplementation less than 300 mg significantly decreased the serum LDL concentrations (p

Different adipokines secreted from adipose tissue, exert a range of physiological effects. The aim of present systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically investigate the consequence of bariatric surgery on circulating adipokines, that is, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and chemerin. After systematically checking the following electronic databases: ISI web of Science, Scopus and PubMed without limitation in time and language up to February 2019, a pool based on a random effect model was established. Eighty-five eligible studies were entered for quantitative analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that circulating adiponectin increased significantly after bariatric surgery [Standardized mean difference (SMD)=1.401, 95% CI: 1.101, 1.701, p

Objective:Food security has been suggested to be a risk factor for depression, stress and anxiety. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of available publications to examine these associations further.Design:Relevant studies were identified by searching Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases up to January 2019.Setting:OR was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias.Participants:Data were available from nineteen studies with 372 143 individual participants from ten different countries that were pooled for the meta-analysis.Results:The results showed there was a positive relationship between food insecurity (FI) and risk of depression (OR = 1·40; 95 % CI: 1·30, 1·58) and stress (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·24, 1·44) but not anxiety. Subgroup analysis by age showed that subjects older than ≥65 years exhibited a higher risk of depression (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI: 1·20, 2·56) than younger participants (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·20, 1·50), as well as a greater risk of depression in men (OR = 1·42; 95 % CI: 1·17, 1·72) than women (OR = 1·30; 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·46). Finally, subgroup analysis according to geographical location illustrated that food insecure households living in North America had the highest risk of stress and anxiety.Conclusions:The evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that FI has a significant effect on the likelihood of being stressed or depressed. This indicates that health care services, which alleviate FI, would also promote holistic well-being in adults.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of almond intake on anthropometric indices in adult subjects. We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases until January 2020 to identify relevant RCTs. Data were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and standard deviations (SDs) to show the magnitude of effects of almond on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Out of 2983 reports, 28 RCTs (37 arms) were eligible for including in our meta-analysis. The pooled results, obtained using a random-effects model, showed that almond intake significantly decreased BW (WMD: −0.38 kg, 95% CI: −0.65, −0.10, p = 0.007, I2 = 30.5%) and FM (WMD: −0.58 kg, 95% CI: −0.87, −0.28, p < 0.001, I2 = 4.9%). However, we found no significant effect of almond administration on BMI (WMD: −0.30 kg m−2, 95% CI: −0.67, 0.06, p = 0.101, I2 = 62.6%), WC (WMD: −0.60 cm, 95% CI: −1.28, 0.06, p = 0.078, I2 = 0.0%), and FFM (WMD: 0.23 kg, 95% CI: −0.04, 0.50, p = 0.097, I2 = 49.5%). Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that resveratrol almond intake significantly reduced weight and FM, but did not affect BMI, WC, and FFM. Further studies are still required to confirm our results.

Present systematic literature review and dose-response meta-analysis were carried out to evaluate the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia risk. Related studies were found by searching ISI Web of science databases, Scopus, and PubMed, up to May, 2019. Data were available from four studies. A total odds ratio of 17551 participants in these studies was pooled for the current study. Pooled outcomes from random effects model demonstrated that lowest category of sleep duration (under 6 h) versus reference category (6–8 h) was significantly related with increased risk of sarcopenia (OR: 1.71 95% CI, 1.11, 2.64). Pooled OR also indicated that highest category (more than 8 h) of sleep duration versus reference category (6–8 h) was significantly associated with increased risk of sarcopenia (OR: 1.52 95% CI, 1.23, 1.88). Moreover, subgroup analysis by sex showed that women were affected by both short and long sleep while men were only affected by long sleep duration. The nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis revealed a U-shaped association between sleep duration and the risk of sarcopenia, with a nadir at 8 h per day. The linear dose-response meta-analysis illustrated that the risk of sarcopenia did not change significantly nor for a 0.5-h increment neither for 1-h increment in sleep duration per day. The outcomes from this meta-analysis indicate that the public should be made aware of the negative consequences of long and short sleep for sarcopenia especially among women. Further studies should now be undertaken to establish possible links between risk of sarcopenia and sleep duration.

Number trials have evaluated the effect of almond intake on glycemic control in adults; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of almond intake on glycemic parameters. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2021 for trials that examined the effect of almond intake on glycemic control parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1C. Treatment effects were expressed as mean difference (MD) and the standard deviation (SD) of outcomes. To estimate the overall effect of almond intake, we used the random-effects model. In total, 24 studies with 31 arms were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that almond intake did not significantly change the concentrations of FBS, HbA1c, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, there is currently no convincing evidence that almonds have a clear beneficial effect on glycemic control. Future studies are needed before any confirmed conclusion could be drowned.

We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate observational studies assessing the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in the general population. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Science from inception until December 2020. Data were extracted from 12 studies (nine cross-sectional and three cohort studies). Odds ratio (OR) were pooled using a random-effects model. UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.77; I2 = 55%), overweight (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.63; I2 = 73%), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.68; I2 = 62%). Furthermore, every 10% increase of UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 7%, a 6%, and a 5% higher risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, respectively. Dose-response meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and abdominal obesity. There was also a positive linear association between UPF consumption and risk of overweight/obesity in the analysis of cross-sectional studies and a positive monotonic association in the analysis of cohort studies. Our study suggests that UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of excess weight or abdominal obesity.

The present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the efficacy of zinc supplementation on clinical symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, and Google Scholar were searched until January 2021. Results were reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using Hedges's adjusted g method.six randomized clinical trials with 489 school-aged children were identified for the meta-analysis. Our findings showed a significant effect of zinc supplementation on ADHD total scores (SMD: -0.62 Hedges' g; 95% CI: -1.24 to -0.002,Zinc supplementation may have beneficial effects in improving ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD. Future well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the benefit of zinc supplementation for ADHD.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the recognition sites of microRNAs (miRNAs), located at 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs, interfere with posttranslational gene regulation. Deregulation of genes may contribute to some disease susceptibility including colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, in a case-control setup, 167 CRC patients and 161 control subjects were studied for allele and genotype frequency of rs10889677 polymorphism in miRNAs Let-7e and Let-7f binding sites at 3' UTR of IL23R gene using PCR-RFLP assay. Also, related articles were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane review, Google Scholar and Scopus databases for meta-analysis study. According to our results, AA genotype of SNP rs10889677 was significantly correlated with increased risk of CRC (OR = 3.10; 95% CI [1.86-5.18]; P: 0.001). In a meta-analysis on 10 risk estimates for the CC versus AA genotype, we found an inverse association between CC SNPs and risk of all cancer (OR = 0.59; 95% CI [0.49-0.71]; P 0.001). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that rs10889677 polymorphism is significantly associated with CRC risk.

Background and aim l -carnitine has an important role in fatty acid metabolism and could therefore act as an adjuvant agent in the improvement of dyslipidemia. The purpose of present systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically assess the efficacy of l -carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles. Methods and results We performed a systematic search of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, The Cochrane Library. Mean difference (MD) of any effect was calculated using a random-effects model. In total, there were 55 eligible RCTs included with 58 arms, and meta-analysis revealed that l -carnitine supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) (56 arms-MD: −8.53 mg/dl, 95% CI: −13.46, −3.6, I2: 93%), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (47 arms-MD: −5.48 mg/dl, 95% CI: −8.49, −2.47, I2: 94.5) and triglyceride (TG) (56 arms-MD: −9.44 mg/dl, 95% CI: −16.02, −2.87, I2: 91.8). It also increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (51 arms-MD:1.64 mg/dl, 95% CI:0.54, 2.75, I2: 92.2). l -carnitine supplementation reduced TC in non-linear fashion based on dosage (r = 21.11). Meta-regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between dose of l -carnitine and absolute change in TC (p = 0.029) and LDL-C (p = 0.013). Subgroup analyses showed that l -carnitine supplementation did not change TC, LDL-C and TG in patients under hemodialysis treatment. Intravenous l -carnitine and lower doses (>2 g/day) had no effect on TC, LDL-C and triglycerides. Conclusion l -carnitine supplementation at doses above 2 g/d has favorable effects on patients' lipid profiles, but is modulated on participant health and route of administration.

Nitric oxide (NO) has various physiological and biochemical effects. In many biological systems of the body, NO acts as a messenger molecule via cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which affects the body cells. NO is synthesized in the body from the L-arginine amino acid by the NO synthases enzyme. This enzyme consists of three major isoforms including neurotransmitter, endothelial and inductive types. According to the results of numerous studies, the administration of ozone as a complementary therapy of the diseases is a less complicated and cost-effective way. Over the past forty years, the results of ozone therapy have been satisfactory and without any problems. Ozone therapy affects various diseases. For example, in treatment for vascular diseases and some degenerative diseases, it has an ameliorative impact. Regarding kidney disease, still many experimental or clinical studies are necessary to find its improvement/anti-oxidative effect.

Background & aims Existing evidence on the possible effects of pro-/synbiotics on overweight or obese children and adolescents has not been fully established. Therefore, the present review was undertaken to evaluate the overall effects of pro-/synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indices and metabolic indices in overweight or obese children and adolescents. Methods A systematic computerized literature search of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of science and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to November 2018. All RCTs using pro-/synbiotics supplements in overweight or obese children and adolescents included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results Overall 9 randomized trials including 410 subjects were identified for the present meta-analysis. Pooled analysis did not illustrate any significant changes in BMI z-score, waist circumference, weight, body fat, fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) after supplementation with pro-/synbiotics for 4–16 weeks. However, subgroup analysis by intervention type revealed a significant reduction of BMI z-score in synbiotic subgroups. Conclusion Based on our findings, modulation of gut microbiota composition through pro-/ synbiotic supplements did not have favorable effects to manage overweight or obese children and adolescents. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm present findings.

The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of ginger supplementation on blood pressure (BP). PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched until September 2018. Human clinical trials, which reported the effect of ginger supplementation on aortic and/or brachial BP, were included. Mean differences were pooled using a random effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. Total of six randomized clinical trials (345 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that ginger supplementation can reduced systolic BP (MD: -6.36 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [-11.27, -1.46]; I2 = 89.8%; P = .011) and diastolic BP (MD: -2.12 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [-3.92, -0.31]; I2 = 73.4%; P = .002). When studies were categorized based on participants' mean age, ginger dosage and duration of intervention, systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased only in the subset of studies with mean age ≤ 50 years, follow-up duration of ≤8 weeks and ginger doses ≥3 g/d. Our findings revealed that ginger supplementation has favorable effects on BP. Nonetheless, further studies are warranted before definitive conclusions may be reached.

Objective We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of barberry supplementation on plasma lipid concentration in adult population. Methods The search included PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar (up to October 2018) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of barberry supplementation on serum lipid parameters. Mean Difference (MD) was pooled using a random-effects model. Results Meta-analysis on 5 RCTs with 339 participants indicated that barberry supplementation significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (MD: -23.58 mg/dl, 95% CI: -31.00 to -16.16, P ≤ 0.001), triglyceride (MD: -29.16 mg/dl, 95% CI: -42.91 to -15.41, P ≤ 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: -13.75 mg/dl, 95% CI: -19.31 to -8.20, P ≤ 0.001) whereas changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: 3.40 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.06–6.87, P = 0.054) was not statistically significant. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested the efficacy of barberry supplementation on lipid parameters. However, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these results.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of premature death and disability globally. Consequently, numerous therapeutic strategies have been developed in order to prevent the onset of adverse cardiovascular events including nutritional approaches. This includes strawberries as they have a high oxidant and micronutrient content, so we examined the extent to which dietary supplementation impacts on CVD risk factors. A comprehensive literature search without any limitation on language was conducted using the following bibliographical databases: ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Library. Search was conducted between 1985 and February 2019. The mean difference (MD) of the reported effects was calculated using a random effect model. A total of 20 groups from 14 clinical trials were included for final analysis. The pooled effect size showed that strawberry supplementation decreased circulating oxidized LDL (MD = -5.8 ng ml-1, p = 0.012), malondialdehyde (0.309 μmol L-1, p = 0.002), C-reactive protein (MD = -0.472 mg L-1, p = 0.003), total cholesterol (MD = -6.49 mg dL-1, p = 0.019), and diastolic blood pressure (MD = -2.220 mmHg, p = 0.033). It also demonstrated raised fasting blood sugar (MD = 2.083 mg dl-1; p = 0.040), but had no effect on other CVD risk factors examined. Dietary supplementation with strawberries improved specific CVD risk factors, suggesting that larger well-designed, adequately powered, and longer-term follow up studies should now be undertaken.

Several investigations have been reported the beneficial effects of synbiotic in participants with obesity, but these findings have been inconsistent. Therefore, we systematically reviewed available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to elucidate the overall effects of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices among participants with overweight or obesity. Five electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2018. All RCTs using synbiotic supplements to treat obesity included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was pooled using a random-effects model. The present meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials indicated that supplementation with synbiotic can decrease body weight (WMD: -0.80 kg; 95% CI: -1.56 to -0.03

Psychological distress is associated with decreased quality of life. The nutritional factor is one of the most important for mental well-being. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between dairy food intake and psychological distress. In this cross-sectional study, data on the dietary food intake of 4763 participants were collected using a validated FFQ. Also, the Iranian validated version of the GHQ was used to screen psychological distress. Individuals in the highest tertile of total dairy food intake were less likely to have psychological distress (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.91, P = 0.04) in the final adjusted model. At stratified analysis based on sex, the same findings were obtained only among women. Inversely, individuals in the highest category of high-fat dairy intake had greater odds of suffering from psychological distress (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.83, P = 0.01). Also, higher intake of high-fat dairy was significantly associated with greater odds of psychological distress among women in models stratified by sex. However, we found a marginally significant inverse association between higher intake of low-fat dairy and psychological distress risk (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69–1.01, P = 0.07). This association was not significant among men and women in a stratified analysis based on sex. The result showed dairy intake is associated with psychological distress. Further studies are required to confirm these associations.

Objective The effect of silymarin supplementation on metabolic status and oxidative stress of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been conclusively studied. Therefore, the efficacy of silymarin supplementation in these patients was assessed through a meta-analysis. Methods The following databases were searched up to May 15, 2018: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid (Cochrane library), Google scholar and ISI web of science. All randomized clinical trials using silymarin supplements to improve T2DM included in this meta-analysis. Mean Difference (MD) was pooled using a random-effects model. Results Eight eligible publications from seven trials were identified for the present meta-analysis. Our results revealed that supplementation with silymarin can decrease fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, silymarin did not have any significant effects on total cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. Conclusion Our data suggest that silymarin supplements have beneficial effects on metabolic status and oxidative stress among patients with T2DM. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to make firm conclusions about the full efficacy of supplementation.

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of grapes/grape products supplementation on glycemic indices in adults. Our systematic search to find relevant RCTs was performed up to February 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Based on the heterogeneity between included studies, a random effects or a fixed model was applied in the meta-analysis, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty-nine clinical trials (1,297 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria of the present meta-analysis. Overall, the grapes/grape products supplementation significantly reduced homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.54, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.17, p = . 004) but did not affect fasting insulin levels (WMD: -0.90 μIU/ml, 95% CI: -1.04, 2.84, p = .362) and hemoglobin A1C (Hb1Ac) percentage (WMD: 0.00%, 95% CI: -0.10, 0.11, p = . 916) in the main analyses. In addition, changes to fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were in favor of the control group (WMD: 1.19 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.05, 2.34, p = .041). We found that giving grapes/grape products to adults might have beneficial effects on the HOMA-IR. Further, large-scale RCTs with longer duration are required to confirm these results.

This is a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis evaluating the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) among adults. The major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications until December 14, 2020, using appropriate keywords. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the quality of each study. We also performed a subgroup analysis to identify probable sources of heterogeneity. A total of 18 studies with 927 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and included in this meta-analysis. Our results indicate that the supplementation with magnesium had no statistically significant effect on serum concentrations of CRP (WMD, - 0.49; 95% CI, - 1.72 to 0.75 mg/L; P = 0.44), IL-6 (WMD, - 0.03; 95% CI, - 0.40 to 0.33 pg/mL; P = 0.86), and TNF-α (WMD, 0.12; 95% CI, - 0.08 to 0.31 pg/mL; P = 0.24) compared with controls. In addition, based on dose-response assessment, no significant non-linear association was found between magnesium supplementation dosage or duration on serum CRP and IL-6 concentrations. The findings of the present systematic review and meta-analysis did not support the notion that oral magnesium supplementation could have favorable effects on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the adult population.

AIM In the present study we aimed to investigate the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on gene expression and serum levels of IL-4 and TGF-β in migraine patients. METHODS Forty participants with episodic migraine were randomly allocated to receive 80 mg nano-curcumin (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) in a randomized double-blind clinical trial for two months. At the beginning and the end of the study, the interictal serum levels and gene expression of IL-4 and TGF-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from migraine patients were measured, using ELISA and real-time PCR methods, respectively. RESULTS Intra-group assays showed a significant rise in the gene expression of both IL-4 and TGF-β (p

A number of clinical trials have examined the effect of almond intake on lipid profile in recent years; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present study aims to summarize and quantitatively examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of almond intake on lipid parameters by employing a systematic review and meta-analytic approach. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to September 2020 for randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of almond intake on lipid profile in adults. Treatment effects were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and the corresponding standard error (SE) in the concentrations of serum lipids. To estimate the overall effect of almond intake, we employed the random-effect model. In total, 27 studies with 36 effect sizes were included in our analysis (1154 cases and 904 control subjects). The meta-analysis revealed that almond intake significantly changed the concentrations of triglycerides (WMD = -6.68 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -11.62, -1.75, p = 0.008), total cholesterol (WMD = -4.92 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -7.81, -2.03, p = 0.001), and low-density lipoproteins (WMD = -5.65 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -8.75, -2.55, p < 0.001); however it did not have a significant effect on high-density lipoprotein (WMD = -0.21 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -1.26, 0.84, p = 0.697) levels. Meta-regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between the dose of almond and change in TG (P = 0.021). This meta-analysis concludes that almond intake can significantly reduce lipid parameters. To draw straightforward conclusions regarding generalized recommendations for almond intake for improving lipid profile, there is a need for more well-controlled trials exclusively targeting patients with dyslipidaemia.

Background Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that plays an important role in the prevention or delaying of the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have focused on NAFLD and individual nutrients, which does not take into account combinations of food that are consumed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and NAFLD. Methods This case–control study was conducted on 225 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients and 450 healthy controls. Usual dietary intake over the preceding year was assessed using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were determined by exploratory factor analysis. Results Three dietary patterns, including "western dietary pattern", "healthy dietary pattern", and "traditional dietary pattern" were identified. Subjects in the highest tertile of healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for NAFLD than those in the lowest tertile. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, people in the highest tertile of “western dietary pattern” scores had greater odds for NAFLD. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, “western dietary pattern” had a positive significant effect on NAFLD occurrence. In contrast, “healthy dietary pattern” was associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD. Furthermore, Higher consumption of the “traditional dietary pattern” was significantly associated with NAFLD, albeit in the crude model only. Conclusion This study indicated that healthy and western dietary patterns may be associated with the risk of NAFLD. The results can be used for developing interventions in order to promote healthy eating for the prevention of NAFLD.

Background The present study was aimed to evaluate the nano-curcumin supplementation on Th1/Th17 balance by assessment of gene expression and serum level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in migraine patients. Methods Forty participants with episodic migraine were randomly allocated to receive 80 mg nano-curcumin (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) in a randomized double-blind clinical trial for two months. The expression of IFN-γ and IL-17 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and IFN-γ and IL-17 serum levels were measured, using a real-time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Results Compared to placebo group, two month nano-curcumin supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum levels and expression of IL-17 mRNA (P = 0.006 & 0.04, respectively), while there was no statistical difference regarding serum levels and expression of IFN-γ mRNA. Conclusion Nano-curcumin supplementation in migraine patients led to a significant reduction in gene expression and plasma levels of IL-17 compared to control group.

OBJECTIVE: Food security has been suggested to be a risk factor for depression, stress and anxiety. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of available publications to examine these associations further. DESIGN: Relevant studies were identified by searching Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases up to January 2019. SETTING: OR was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. PARTICIPANTS: Data were available from nineteen studies with 372 143 individual participants from ten different countries that were pooled for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The results showed there was a positive relationship between food insecurity (FI) and risk of depression (OR = 1·40; 95 % CI: 1·30, 1·58) and stress (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·24, 1·44) but not anxiety. Subgroup analysis by age showed that subjects older than ≥65 years exhibited a higher risk of depression (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI: 1·20, 2·56) than younger participants (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·20, 1·50), as well as a greater risk of depression in men (OR = 1·42; 95 % CI: 1·17, 1·72) than women (OR = 1·30; 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·46). Finally, subgroup analysis according to geographical location illustrated that food insecure households living in North America had the highest risk of stress and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that FI has a significant effect on the likelihood of being stressed or depressed. This indicates that health care services, which alleviate FI, would also promote holistic well-being in adults.

Objective The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed determine the efficacy of almond intake on blood pressure (BP). Methods PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to infinity until December 2019. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting effects of almond intake on aortic and brachial BP were included. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. Results A total of 16 RCTs (1128 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that almond intake can reduced diastolic BP (DBP) (WMD = -1.30 mmHg; 95 % CI: -2.31,-0.30, p = 0.01, I2 = 0.0 %). However, there was not any impact of almond intake on systolic BP (SBP) (WMD = -0.83 mmHg; 95 % CI: -2.55, 0.89, p = 0.34, I2 = 58.9 %). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in SBP levels in subjects with lower SBP and lower dose of almonds. Conclusion We found that almonds might have a considerable favorite effect in BP and especially in DBP, and it could be encouraged as part of a healthy diet; however due to the high calorie content, the intake should be part of healthy diet.

The placenta is one of the most important mammalian organs, not only for the health of the fetus and the mother during pregnancy but also for the lifelong health of both. Maternal nutraceutical intake in humans and animals can interfere with normal placental growth and development, as reflected by changes in placental weight, size, peripheral villous mass, villous surface, and DNA content, which modify placental efficiency. Nutraceuticals provide nutrients for the placenta, control vascularization and metabolic function, modify gene expression and deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, and prevent oxidative stress and inflammation. So, one of the intervention strategies for targeting the placenta in order to optimise fetal growth could include modifying maternal nutraceutical intake. A dominant concept in this chapter is that most popular nutraceuticals supplements, including folic acid, vitamin B12, omega-3, vitamin D, and antioxidants, contribute to placental growth, development, and function.

Background: Genetic determinants are considered as driving forces in development colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignancy that ranks as the second cause of cancer death in the world. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are considered as the main genetic factor in cancers susceptibility. MicroRNAs are critical players in posttranslational gene regulation by binding to their specific recognition sequences located at 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs. In present study we have elucidated the role of 9,850 A > G (rs4648298), in development of sporadic CRC in Iranian population. Methods: A case-control study using 88 CRC patients and 88 noncancerous counterparts was undertaken in order to determine rs4648298 genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Also, a meta-analysis was performed based on 9 articles accessed via the MEDLINE, Cochrane review, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Results: AA genotype was determined to be associated with significant decreased risk of CRC in our study population [odds ratio (OR) =0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05–0.34; P Conclusions: Our results suggest significant correlation between rs4648298 polymorphism and CRC risk in Iranian population.