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1. Synthesis and Application of Cerium-Incorporated SBA-16 Supported Ni-Based Oxygen Carrier in Cyclic Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming

Author

Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Sanaz Daneshmand-Jahromi, and Ali Hafizi

Subjects
chemical looping reforming, cerium incorporated SBA-16, mesoporous silica, oxygen carrier, hydrogen production, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, could be produced aided by cyclic oxidation-reduction of oxygen carriers (OCs) in contact with carbonaceous fuel in chemical looping steam methane reforming (CL-SMR) process. In this study, the cerium was incorporated into the SBA-16 support structure to synthesize the Ni/Ce-SBA-16 OC. The supports were synthesized using hydrothermal method followed by impregnation of Ni and characterized via low and wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and transmission electron micrograph (TEM) techniques. In addition, the effect of various Si/Ce molar ratios (20–60) in the support structure, Ni loading (10–30 wt %), reaction temperature (500–750 °C), and life time of optimal oxygen carrier over 16 cycles were investigated. The results of wide angle XRD and SEM revealed that the incorporation of CeO2 in the channels of SBA-16 caused the formation of nickel metallic particles with smaller size and prevents the coke formation. The results showed that OC with 15 wt % Ni and Si/Ce molar ratio of 40 (15Ni/Ce-SBA-16(40)) has the best performance when compared with other OCs in terms of catalytic activity and structural properties. The methane conversion of about 99.7% was achieved at 700 °C using 15Ni/Ce-SBA-16(40) OC. We anticipate that the strategy can be extended to investigate a variety of novel modified mesoporous silica as the supporting material for the Ni based OCs.

Published
2018
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2. Hydrogen Production from Cyclic Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming over Yttrium Promoted Ni/SBA-16 Oxygen Carrier

Author

Sanaz Daneshmand-Jahromi, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Maryam Meshksar, and Ali Hafizi

Subjects
chemical looping reforming of methane, yttrium promoted oxygen carrier, SBA-16, hydrogen production, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In this work, the modification of Ni/SBA-16 oxygen carrier (OC) with yttrium promoter is investigated. The yttrium promoted Ni-based oxygen carrier was synthesized via co-impregnation method and applied in chemical looping steam methane reforming (CL-SMR) process, which is used for the production of clean energy carrier. The reaction temperature (500–750 °C), Y loading (2.5–7.4 wt. %), steam/carbon molar ratio (1–5), Ni loading (10–30 wt. %) and life time of OCs over 16 cycles at 650 °C were studied to investigate and optimize the structure of OC and process temperature with maximizing average methane conversion and hydrogen production yield. The synthesized OCs were characterized by multiples techniques. The results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of reacted OCs showed that the presence of Y particles on the surface of OCs reduces the coke formation. The smaller NiO species were found for the yttrium promoted OC and therefore the distribution of Ni particles was improved. The reduction-oxidation (redox) results revealed that 25Ni-2.5Y/SBA-16 OC has the highest catalytic activity of about 99.83% average CH4 conversion and 85.34% H2 production yield at reduction temperature of 650 °C with the steam to carbon molar ratio of 2.

Published
2017
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7. Contributors

Author

Amr Abdalla, Waqar Ahmad, Prakash Aryal, Nooshin Asadi, Manuel Bailera, Idris Bakare, Ali Bakhtyari, Mohammad Bonyadi, Felipe Gomes Camacho, Guoxing Chen, Camilla Fernandes de Oliveira, Silvio de Oliveira Junior, Maryam Delshah, Meire Ellen Gorete Ribeiro Domingos, Moisés Teles dos Santos, Swarit Dwivedi, Razieh Etezadi, Azharuddin Farooqui, Daniel Flórez-Orrego, Andrea Galeazzi, Xingyuan Gao, Jonathan Harding, Baishali Kanjilal, Milanpreet Kaur, Sibudjing Kawi, Mohammad Hasan Khademi, Parvin Kiani, Soheila Zandi Lak, Pilar Lisbona, Mohammad Lotfi-Varnoosfaderani, Nader Mahinpey, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Zuhair Omar Malaibari, Flavio Manenti, Arameh Masoumi, Maryam Meshksar, Masoumeh Mohandesi, Galal Nasser, Francesco Negri, Rafael Nogueira Nakashima, Iman Noshadi, Alireza Palizvan, Song Won Park, Virginia Pérez, Kristiano Prifti, Shuxian Qiu, Hamid Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Fatemeh Salahi, Mohammed Sanhoob, Akshat Tanksale, Theodore Tsotsis, Xin Tu, Luis D. Virla, Ni Wang, Yaolin Wang, Shabnam Yousefi, Samira Zafarnak, Zahra Zarei, Fatemeh Zarei-Jelyani, Linghao Zhao, and Sara Zolghadri

Published
2023

10. Contributors

Author

Mitra Abbaspour, Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo, M.A.A. Aziz, Ali Behrad Vakylabad, Enrico Bocci, Hudson Bolsoni Carminati, José Luiz de Medeiros, Silvio de Oliveira Junior, Andrea Di Carlo, Meire Ellen Gorete Ribeiro Domingos, Moisés Teles dos Santos, Alberto Figoli, Daniel A. Flórez-Orrego, Xingyuan Gao, Behnam Ghalei, Mohsen Ghasemian, Kamran Ghasemzadeh, Foroogh Mohseni Ghaleh Ghazi, Jonathan Harding, C.N.C. Hitam, Adolfo Iulianelli, Baishali Kanjilal, H. Enis Karahan, Sibudjing Kawi, Hadiseh Khosravani, Parvin Kiani, Matteo Manisco, Arameh Masoumi, Stéphanie Mathieu, Maryam Meshksar, Rafael Nogueira Nakashima, Iman Noshadi, Hasancan Okutan, Shuxian Qiu, Hamid Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Maryam Koohi Saadi, Alper Sarıoğlan, Elisa Savuto, Kambiz Taghaddom, Ş. Birgül Tantekin-Ersolmaz, Xin Tu, Abdullah Z. Turan, Sadiye Velioğlu, Cansu Yıldırım, and Shabnam Yousefi

Published
2023

11. Preface

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Published
2023

13. Syngas Conditioning (Catalyst, Process: Sulfur and Tar Cl, F)

Author

Parvin Kiani, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad-Amin Makarem, and Mohammad-Reza Rahimpour

Abstract

Synthesis gas (usually referred to as syngas) is a gaseous energy carrier that generally consists of H2 and CO, which is produced widely via natural gas or biomass reforming and gasification. Based on the feedstock used and also the condition of the gasification method, the syngas produced contains some impurities, including particulate matter, acidic gases (CO2, H2S, etc.), nitrogen-containing compounds (N2, NH3, HCN), halogen-containing derivatives (HCl, HBr, HF), tar compounds, etc. These should be eliminated stepwise, in order to avoid catalyst poisoning or reducing subsequent conversion processes that use syngas as a feedstock. This chapter introduces different syngas impurities and the associated elimination methods, especially those used for removing sulfur-containing and tar compounds that are based on absorption technology for sulfur compounds or physical and thermal methods used for the removal of tar.

Published
2022

15. Effect of nanofluids in solubility enhancement

Author

Zohreh-Sadat Hosseini, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, and Mohammad Amin Makarem

Subjects
Solvent, Temperature and pressure, Nanofluid, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Particle size, Solubility, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Nanotechnology is a novel method that is widely used for enhancing energy systems. In the last decade, the gas absorption or conversion enhancement using nanofluids has attracted considerable attention. The effect of nanofluids for absorption enhancement has been compiled in this chapter. Actually, it is believed that nanofluids improve the gas absorption by enhancing the gas component capture kinetics and also by decreasing the amount of energy required for regenerating the solvent. The methods of nanofluids preparation, the enhancement mechanisms, the solubility enhancement factors related to the type, pH, particle size, and concentration of nanofluid, as well temperature and pressure of the absorption media are reviewed here. Also, the application of nanofluids in liquid–liquid systems was also discussed in this chapter.

Published
2022

16. List of contributors

Author

Meisam Ansarpour, Ali Bakhtyari, Asmaa F. Elelamy, Yasaman Enjavi, Morteze Esfandyari, Fateme Etebari, Nayef Ghasem, Kamran Ghasemzadeh, Ali Hafizi, Mohammad Hatami, Zohreh-Sadat Hosseini, Angel Huminic, Gabriela Huminic, Adolfo Iulianelli, Dengwei Jing, Baishali Kanjilal, Mohammad Reza Kiani, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Arameh Masoumi, Hatice Mercan, Maryam Meshksar, Alina Adriana Minea, Masoud Mofarahi, Iman Noshadi, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Colin A. Scholes, Mohammad Amin Sedghamiz, Nourouddin Sharifi, Nazanin Abrishami Shirazi, Ali Behrad Vakylabad, and Jiandong Zhou

Published
2022

17. Preparation, stability, and characterization of nanofluids

Author

Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Kiani, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Subjects
Nanofluid, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Characterization methods, Phase (matter), Mass transfer, Nanoparticle, Surface modification, Suspension (vehicle), Characterization (materials science)
Abstract

In the recent decades, the use of nanofluids in heat and mass transfer processes has attracted much attention due to their potential to increase the rate of heat and mass transfer. Nanofluids are made of a base fluid and nanoparticles. In general, nanofluids can be prepared via different methods like one-step, two-step, phase transfer, and posttreatment techniques. The key issue in the preparation of nanofluids is the stability of the colloidal suspension. Different techniques are suggested for enhancing the nanofluids’ stability, such as surfactant addition or surface modification. After the preparation of a stable nanofluid, various properties of the suspension should be analyzed via different characterization methods. This chapter provides a detailed discussion of common technologies for the preparation and characterization of nanofluids with their stability increment methods.

Published
2022

19. Promoted Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Catalysts for Biogas Reforming

Author

Alireza Mozafari, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Mohammad Reza Kiani, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Subjects
Materials science, Methane reformer, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Coke, Catalysis, Nickel, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Bimetallic strip, Cobalt, BET theory
Abstract

The catalytic performance of Ni, Co, and Ni–Co-based catalysts on Al2O3 support are investigated in the dry methane reforming reaction. Besides, the influence of La or Y promoters on catalytic activity and structural properties of synthesized catalysts are examined in this paper. The prepared catalysts are characterized using N2 Adsorption/Desorption, FESEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. Higher average CH4 and CO2 conversions, as well as hydrogen yield, are obtained using Ni-Co catalyst with equal weight ratios. This could be the result of better dispersion of active sites according to the FESEM images and thus higher BET surface area of this catalyst compared with other un-promoted ones. Although the addition of La does not enhance the catalytic activity and structural properties of the 9Ni–9Co/Al2O3 sample, the presence of Y2O3 particles has a positive effect on both mentioned catalyst features. The maximum CH4 conversion of 99.39%, CO2 conversion of 92.38%, H2 yield of 86.20% and H2/CO molar ratio of 1.50 are achieved using 5Y–9Ni–9Co/Al2O3 at 700 °C. Besides, this catalyst shows lower deposited coke and higher stability compared with other promoted/un-promoted catalysts. The comparison between the activity of 5Y–9Ni–9Co/Al2O3 and industrial 18%Ni/Al2O3 during 11 h DRM shows that although 18%Ni/Al2O3 has higher conversions at first 9 h, its activity is decreased more than 5Y–9Ni–9Co/Al2O3 due to the coke deposition.

Published
2021

20. Catalytic Membrane Micro-Reactors for Fuel and Biofuel Processing: A Mini Review

Author

Mohammad Reza Kiani, Elham Rahimpour, Maryam Meshksar, and Mohammad Amin Makarem

Subjects
Molecular diffusion, Materials science, Hydrogen, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Catalysis, Membrane technology, Membrane, chemistry, Surface-area-to-volume ratio, Biofuel, Mass transfer, Process engineering, business
Abstract

Micro-reactor (MR) technology is known as an alternative technique for producing materials in a more sustainable way. The advantages of micro-reactors and membrane separation which are combined in membrane micro-reactors (MMR) listed as improved heat and mass transfer, high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced catalytic efficiency with no equilibrium limitation, flexibility in reactor design, a short distance of molecular diffusion as well as high operational safety. The restriction of low production capacity of micro-reactors can be easily solved by using parallel micro-channels in a reactor chip. This mini-review represents firstly the definition of micro-reactors as well as the advantages and disadvantages of membrane micro-reactors. Furthermore, the theoretical basics of membrane micro-reactors and their fabrication methods are presented. At last, the application of catalytic membrane micro-reactors in different processes is given especially in biofuel production. The achieved results of previous researches for hydrogen and other fuels production show better performance of catalytic MMRs in terms of reaction conversion and coke deposition compared with convectional reactors at the same reaction conditions.

Published
2021

22. CO2 utilization in methane reforming using La-doped SBA-16 catalysts prepared via pH adjustment method

Author

Parvin Kiani, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, and Adolfo Iulianelli

Subjects
Lanthanum promoter SBA-16, Dry Methane Reforming, Fuel Technology, General Chemical Engineering, Organic Chemistry, pH adjustment method, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Hydrogen Production, Catalysis
Abstract

In this work, lanthanum-combined silica mesoporous (SBA-16) supported Ni-based catalysts are synthesized and examined for synthesis gas (syngas) production in the dry methane reforming (DMR) process. The pH-adjusted hydrothermal technique has been used to modify the mesoporous silica-based support, which has been then impregnated by Ni particles. The pH value had a substantial impact on creating well-ordered mesostructures and lanthanum ion replacement inside the SBA-16 structure. Therefore, at the ideal pH of 3.80, a zeolite-like mesostructure of Si-La has been produced. Thus, La2O3 species have been inserted in the SBA-16 structure, favoring a larger dispersion of impregnated Ni particles of lower dimensions. In addition to the pH modification during the synthesis step, the effects of lanthanum loading and Ni weight percentage variation on the catalytic performance as well as the physicochemical analyses of the catalysts have been also explored. The calcined catalysts have been tested in the DMR process in the temperature range of 600-750 oC. Furthermore, the coke resistance, activity, and structural changes of optimal catalysts have been studied over 11 h. The results showed that the 15Ni/40La- SBA16(3.80) catalyst performs the best structural characteristics and catalytic activity.

Published
2022

23. Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions, a volume in the Advances Homogeneous in Catalysis series, covers oxidation and hydrogenation reactions in detail. Split into two sections, the first is devoted to various homogeneous oxidation processes, such as oxidation of olefins, phenols, and aromatic acids. The second presents homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, and olefins. Relevant reactor design, industrial case studies, economic analysis and environmental issues of both oxidation and hydrogenation homogeneous reactions are considered. This book will be of particular interest and benefit to catalysts users, manufacturers, and creators. - Includes fundamentals, reactor design and process description of oxidation homogeneous reactions - Describes various oxidation homogeneous reactions - Explains oxidation economic and environmental challenges

Published
2024

24. Homogeneous Carbonylation and Hydroformylation Reactions

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Homogeneous Carbonylation and Hydroformylation Reactions with Homogeneous Catalysts and Process Development, a volume is in the Advances in Catalysis series, is split into two sections. The first covers the homogeneous carbonylation of various chemicals, such as methanol, methyl acetate, esters and ethers. In addition, some common carbonylation homogeneous processes such as water-gas shift and Fischer–Tropsch reactions are included. The second part describes hydroformylation processes like cobalt and rhodium based reactions. Both parts cover the design of catalytic reactors, industrial applications, economic assessment and environmental impacts providing detailed discussions of the subject from both a chemistry and engineering perspective. - Includes fundamentals, reactor design, and process description of carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions - Describes various carbonylation and hydroformylation homogeneous reactions - Explains carbonylation and hydroformylation economic and environmental challenges

Published
2024

25. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 2: Natural Gas Sweetening

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Subjects
Natural gas--Sweetening
Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 2 titled Natural Gas Sweetening introduces in detail different natural gas sweetening methods. The book covers absorption with different solvents such as alkalis, amin blends, ionic liquids, etc. which is one of the important sweetening techniques, as well as natural gas sweetening with adsorption-based technologies utilizing various materials including zeolites, carbonaceous sorbents, metal oxides, etc. Is also discusses membrane-based processes with various types (such as ionic liquid, polymeric, MOF mixed matrix, dense metal membranes) and includes novel technologies for sweetening natural gas by using plasma and supersonic separators. - Introduces natural gas sweetening concepts and challenges - Describes various absorption and adsorption processes for natural gas sweetening - Includes various membrane technologies for natural gas sweetening

Published
2024

26. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 8: Natural Gas Process Modelling and Simulation

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Subjects
Natural gas--Simulation methods
Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention Volume 8 titled Process Modelling and Simulation discusses various aspects of natural gas related processes from modelling and simulation point of view. This includes modelling of natural gas sweetening, dehydration and other impurities removal processes and apparatus as well as simulation of processes and apparatus dealt with producing chemicals and energy from natural gas.The book introduces modelling and simulation of natural gas hydrate related processes and covers modelling basics, numerical approaches and optimization techniques, which provides a deeper understanding of the subject. - Introduces modelling and simulation methods for natural gas sweetening and purification - Describes modelling and simulation procedures of producing chemicals and energy from natural gas - Discusses theoretical basics and models of natural gas hydrates

Published
2024

27. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 7: Natural Gas Products and Uses

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention Volume 7 titled Natural Gas Products and Uses comprehensively discusses natural gas conversion and applications for producing high-value chemicals and energy which are accompanied with related environmental challenges and economic analysis. The book covers various methods for producing valuable materials such as synthesis and fuel gases, alkanes, aromatics, sulphurs, etc. and introduces power and electricity generation as well as heat production from natural gas and their applications on future energy systems. - Introduces various chemicals produced from natural gas - Describes power and energy generation methods from natural gas - Discusses cogeneration, trigeneration, and other techniques for effective integration of natural gas production with energy systems

Published
2024

28. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 6: Natural Gas Transportation and Storage

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 6 titled Natural Gas Transportation and Storage is separated into three sections. The first section discusses different natural gas transportation technologies (such as LNG, CNG, ANG, GTS, etc.). The second section introduces related apparatus for natural gas transportation and storage, including measurement systems, compressors, pumps, etc.as well as pipelines and controlling equipment. The last section explains challenges of natural gas transmission including inhibition of pipeline corrosion, cracking and wax deposition accompanied with pipeline cleaning challenges. - Introduces various natural gas transportation technologies (LNG, CNG, ANG) - Describes different apparatus for natural gas transportation and storage - Includes various challenges of natural gas transportation such as pipeline corrosion and wax deposition

Published
2024

29. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 4: Natural Gas Dehydration

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 4 titled Natural Gas Dehydration introduces in detail different natural gas dehydration methods. The book covers absorption with different solvents such as glycols, ionic liquids, and DES which is one of the important dehydration techniques, as well as natural gas dehydration with adsorption-based technologies utilizing various materials including zeolites, carbonaceous sorbents, metal oxides, etc. It discusses in detail membrane-based processes with various types (such as hollow-fiber, polymeric, zeolite membranes) and includes novel technologies for sweetening natural gas by using direct cooling and compression, supersonic technology and micro-reactors. - Introduces natural gas dehydration concepts and challenges - Describes various absorption and adsorption processes for natural gas dehydration - Discusses novel methods for natural gas dehydration including membrane and supersonic technologies

Published
2024

30. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 3: Natural Gas Hydrates

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Subjects
Natural gas--Hydrates
Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 3: Natural Gas Hydrates comprises an extensive eight-volume series delving into the intricate realms of both the theoretical fundamentals and practical methodologies associated with the various facets of natural gas. Encompassing the entire spectrum from exploration and extraction to synthesis, processing, purification, and the generation of valuable chemicals and energy, these volumes also navigate through the complexities of transportation, storage challenges, hydrate formation, extraction, and prevention. In Volume 3 titled Natural Gas Hydrates, the fundamental aspects of natural gas hydrates, their associated disasters, and case studies are introduced. This book delves into the intricate details of hydrate structures, physio-chemical properties, and thermodynamics, offering a comprehensive understanding. This volume also explores hydrates as an energy source and covers their dissociation methods. A significant focus is placed on the challenges of natural gas hydrates formation in pipelines, accompanied by prevention techniques. Additionally, this book discusses the discovery and extraction of natural gas hydrates from oceans, shedding light on related geophysical indicators. - Introduces characteristics and properties of natural gas hydrates - Describes pipeline natural gas hydrates and prevention methods - Discusses oceanic natural gas hydrates and extraction methods

Published
2024

31. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing and Applications. Volume 1: Natural Gas Formation and Extraction

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Subjects
Natural gas
Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 1 titled Natural Gas Formation and Extraction introduces natural gas characteristics and thermo-physical properties. The book discusses various formation and synthesize techniques from non-renewable sources (coal, oil shale, etc.) and renewable sources (biomass, sewage, algae, etc.) of natural gas as well as its extraction techniques from different reservoirs. It also covers related environmental challenges of natural gas, economic assessment of its extraction and production technologies, health. - Introduces natural gas characteristics and properties - Describes different renewable/non-renewable sources for natural gas production and extraction - Includes various methods and technologies for extracting and producing natural gas with related challenges

Published
2024

32. Homogeneous Catalysis Concepts and Basics

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Metathesis Reactions, a volume in the Advances in Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated. - Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalysts - Describes transition metal, ligand and solvent role in homogeneous catalysts - Explains preparation, characterization, deactivation and regeneration of homogeneous catalysts - Presents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Published
2024

33. Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Metathesis Reactions

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Metathesis Reactions, a volume in the Advances in Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated. - Includes thermodynamic and kinetic studies of homogeneous catalysts - Describes transition metal, ligand, and solvent role in homogeneous catalysts - Explains preparation, characterization, deactivation, and regeneration of homogeneous catalysts - Presents homogeneous catalysts by clusters, carbenes, fixed metal-complexes, and liquid-liquid multiphase catalysts

Published
2024

34. Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion. : Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Chemicals and Energy

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 5 titled Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Chemicals and Energy provides a beneficial strategy to control the rise of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere and their conversion into valuable materials such as chemical and energy carriers. The book touches concepts about the conversion of carbon dioxide, which is the main GHG. This two-section volume provides applications of carbon dioxide and the chemical processes employed to fabricate a host of materials. Each section reviews a process in detail and surveys the economic assessments, cost analysis, environmental impacts and challenges, recent advances and new concepts, and the largest operating plants and pilots for carbon conversion. - Introduces different applications of carbon dioxide - Includes environmental challenges and economic assessment of carbon capture and utilization - Describes various chemicals produced from CO2

Published
2024

35. Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion : Carbon Capture Technologies

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 4 titled Carbon Capture Technologies is devoted to efficient technologies utilized for separation that are the heart of controlling carbon-made greenhouse gases (GHGs). The book starts with a review of carbon capture concepts with a focus on energy penalties as well as the operating pilots and plants followed by a meticulous investigation of different classes of capture methods. Section 2 surveys the absorption process including amines, physical absorbents, alkaline solvents, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, nanoparticle-enhanced solvents, as well as a number of novel materials and structures, that are employed to eliminate GHGs utilizing absorption. Section 3 addresses adsorption-based strategies with a focus on the role of different solid adsorbents, introduces technologies that benefit from membranes, and considers different materials utilized in the fabrication of membranes. The final section deals with other as state-of-the-art alternatives in carbon capture. Moreover, each section reviews the economic assessments and environmental challenges. - Introduces carbon capture concepts and challenges - Describes various absorption and adsorption processes for carbon capture - Includes various membrane technologies for carbon capture

Published
2024

37. Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion : Process Modelling and Simulation

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 7 titled Process Modelling and Simulation reviews process modelling and simulation. The book reviews modeling studies of GHGs emissions and surveys the details of carbon capture modelling with several well-developed processes such as absorbers, swing technologies, and microstructures. It addresses modelling of geological and ocean storage, and reviews simulation studies of the chemical conversion of carbon dioxide to any valuable materials. The book summarizes essential information required in the simulation and modelling of the processes which are beneficial in carbon capture, storage, or conversion. - Introduces modeling and simulation methods of carbon and methane emission - Describes modeling and simulation procedures of producing chemicals from carbon as well as methane - Discusses modeling and simulation of various technologies for carbon capture

Published
2024

38. Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion : Methane, Nitrox Oxide, and Ozone Conversion and Utilization

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 6 titled Methane, Nitrox Oxide, and Ozone Conversion and Applications studies the applications of any greenhouse gases (GHGs) other than carbon dioxide. This book reviews the applications of methane, nitrox oxide, and ozone. It investigates any valuable product fabricated with the inclusion of methane, nitrox oxide, and ozone. The book also reviews recent advances, the largest operating plants and pilots for methane conversion, the economic assessments and cost analysis, and environmental impacts and challenges that are faced when developing these processes - Introduces applications and chemicals produced from methane - Describes nitrous oxide conversion and applications - Discusses about various applications of ozone

Published
2024

39. Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion : Greenhouse Gases Storage and Transportation

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Abstract

Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 3 titled Greenhouse Gases Storage and Transportation investigates in detail the methods of storage and transportation, their current status, novel strategies, and the conventional challenges. The book consists of four sections, the first three of which include various strategies employed in the storage and transportation of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Each section addresses recent advances, new concepts, and the economic assessment of storage and transportation facilities. Section 4 surveys the challenges that storage and transportation of GHGs may face and delves into the major problems of the pipelines that are employed for the transportation of the materials - Introduces different technologies for carbon storage and transportation - Describes various methane storage and transportation technologies - Discusses challenges of GHGs'transportation

Published
2024

41. Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 5: Natural Gas Impurities and Condensate Removal

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Subjects
Natural gas
Abstract

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 5 titled Natural Gas Impurities and Condensates Removal comprehensively discusses the characteristics and properties of natural gas condensates and dehydrated non-acidic impurities. The book describes related environmental challenges, removal standards, policies and regulations as well as economic assessment. It covers particulates (such as aerosols, arsenic, etc.) and condensates removal techniques from natural gas as well as mercury, nitrogen and helium removal from natural gas by absorption, adsorption and membrane-based processes. - Introduces different impurities and condensates of natural gas with their characteristics - Includes common methods for particulates and condensates removal from natural gas such as adsorption, absorption and cryogenic techniques - Describes various membrane technologies for particulates and condensates removal from natural gas

Published
2024

42. Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications : Syngas Production and Preparation

Author

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Maryam Meshksar, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar

Subjects
Synthesis gas
Abstract

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail. - Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties - Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas - Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks

Published
2023

43. Biofuel reforming in membrane reactors

Author

Maryam Meshksar, Tayebe Roostaie, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Subjects
Steam reforming, Waste management, Membrane reactor, business.industry, Natural gas, Biofuel, Fossil fuel, Environmental science, Biomass, business, Energy source, Renewable energy
Abstract

Hydrogen-based energy makes a significant contribution toward shifting to a cleaner and a safer world. Hydrogen has advent as an environmentally attractive renewable source of energy. A wide variety of process technologies are available to produce hydrogen applying several energy resources: fossil fuel energy sources as gasoline, coal and natural gas, and nonfossil energy sources as solar, wind, nuclear, biomass, hydraulic, and geothermal. However, 48% of the total hydrogen produced in the world is from steam reforming of methane or natural gas. Producing hydrogen via traditional carbon-based sources emit large amounts of CO2. Correspondingly, researches are conducted to revise the conventional technologies and find credible alternatives to produce hydrogen along a green route. Biofuel produced via biomass can be considered as an acceptable alternative feedstock for generating hydrogen. Using membrane is also a developing technology to produce hydrogen-rich gas. In the hydrogen-selective membrane system, the reaction products are removed, and therefore the reaction does not reach equilibrium, so high conversions can be achieved at a lower temperature.

Published
2020

44. Membrane technology for brewery wastewater treatment

Author

Tayebe Roostaee, Maryam Meshksar, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Subjects
Microbial fuel cell, Wastewater, Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Environmental science, Sewage treatment, Nanofiltration, Reverse osmosis, Pulp and paper industry, Membrane technology
Abstract

The brewery industries produce high quantities of wastewater effluent and high amounts of solid pastes, which should be treated in the safest way at the lowest operating costs possible to meet the discharge quality standards for protecting the environment and human and animal life. There are different methods for water treatments such as membrane filtration, nonthermal quenched plasma, electrochemical methods, etc. In this chapter we discuss brewery wastewater treatment by membrane filtration in detail. The widely used membrane filtration techniques are microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis (RO), which are categorized based on their effective pore sizes. According to the literature, RO is the best method for brewery effluent treatment due to its small space requirement, environmentally friendly applications, automation, and low use of chemicals. Aerobic/anaerobic membrane bioreactors, a combination of the aerobic/anaerobic process and membrane filtration, are also applied for treating high suspended solid concentration wastewater. Furthermore, microbial fuel cells can provide a new approach for brewery wastewater treatment while producing electricity.

Published
2020

45. CO2 separation with ionic liquid membranes

Author

Mohammad Amin Sedghamiz, Samira Zafarnak, Maryam Meshksar, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane, Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Mass transfer, Carbon dioxide, Ionic liquid, Ionic bonding, Solubility, Ion, Membrane technology
Abstract

It is believed that the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is the major cause of global warming. Therefore, there is a need to implement CO2 capture/separation and CO2 storage technologies to controlling the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Among CO2 capture technologies, membrane separation has some advantages such as its operation simplicity and its energy efficiency. It seems that the incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) into the membrane matrix is a good way to increase the permeability of different gases like CO2, O2, N2, H2, and CH4 into the membrane. Generally, mass transfer in the IL is much faster than in the membrane due to the great separation properties of the ILs which depends on the selected cations and anions. The higher solubility of CO2 in the IL compared with other gases like CH4 and N2 is due to the asymmetrical combination of the anion and cation. Therefore, by increasing the incompatibility of the ionic parts of the IL, the solubility of CO2 could be increased. Furthermore, higher CO2 solubility could be achieved by increasing the pressure and decreasing the temperature of the gas stream.

Published
2020

46. Solar reformers coupled with PEMFCs for residential cogeneration and trigeneration applications

Author

Maryam Meshksar, Fatemeh Afshariani, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Subjects
Hydrogen, Waste management, business.industry, Global warming, Fossil fuel, Air pollution, chemistry.chemical_element, medicine.disease_cause, Renewable energy, Cogeneration, chemistry, medicine, Alternative energy, Environmental science, Electricity, business
Abstract

Due to oil price fluctuations, fossil fuel reservoir depletion, air pollution, global warming, and energy demand increases, using alternative energies with higher conversions or renewable energies is more important today than at any time in the past. For increasing the effectiveness of energy, development of combined heat and power production (CHP), called a cogeneration system, is a promising option. Combined cold heat and power (CCHP) systems or trigeneration systems are applicable when cooling is needed at the same time at heat and power. Renewable energies have been added to CHP and CCHP systems for decreasing fossil fuel use and preventing its environmental effects. Solar reforming is one of the most applicable methods for producing hydrogen as a clean fuel by using solar radiation as a heating source. PEMFCs are coupled with reformers for producing the required electricity of CHP and CCHP systems from produced hydrogen in solar reformers.

Published
2020

47. Contributors

Author

Antonino S. Aricò, Giulia Azzato, Rachel Backhouse, Daniela Barba, Angelo Basile, Stefano Bellini, Alessandro Blasi, Ulf Bossel, Karel Bouzek, Giampaolo Caputo, Alessio Caravella, M. Colozzi, Núria J. Divins, Giuseppe Fiorenza, Pierre Fontanille, Fausto Gallucci, Alberto Giaconia, Antonella Giannini, Laila Grahl-Madsen, Ben Green, Daniel A. Greenhalgh, Viktor Hacker, K. Hemmes, Jaromír Hnát, G. Iaquaniello, Gaetano Iaquaniello, A. Ishihara, Adolfo Iulianelli, Michael Lammer, Jordi Llorca, Marco Martino, Stephen J. McPhail, Eugenio Meloni, Maryam Meshksar, Giulia Monteleone, Barbara Morico, L. Mosca, Claudio Oldani, K. Ota, Mario Pagliaro, Martin Paidar, Vincenzo Palma, Emma Palo, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Tayebe Roostaie, Concetta Ruocco, Annarita Salladini, Isabel Serrano, Stefania Siracusano, Lluís Soler, Yu Sun, S. Taraschi, V. Teplyakov, Stefano Tonella, Luca Turchetti, Xavier Vendrell, and Alessandra Verardi

Published
2020

48. List of contributors

Author

Fatemeh Afshariani, Mario Amelio, Taher Yousefi Amiri, Angelo Basile, Stefano Campanari, Javier Dufour, Nicola Fergnani, Kamran Ghasemzadeh, Diego Iribarren, Adolfo Iulianelli, Maryam Meshksar, Mariagiovanna Minutillo, Pietropaolo Morrone, Alimohammad Motieshirazi, Alessandra Perna, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Fatemeh Rezaei, S.M. Sadati Tilebon, Hossein Safarzadegan, Sheida Soltanimehr, and Antonio Valente

Published
2020

49. Industrial Applications of Green Solvents for Sustainable Development of Technologies in Organic Synthesis

Author

Fatemeh Afshariani, Maryam Meshksar, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Green chemistry, Cleaning agent, chemistry.chemical_compound, Supercritical carbon dioxide, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ionic liquid, Extraction (chemistry), Volatile organic compound, Organic synthesis, Environmentally friendly
Abstract

Green chemistry is focused on replacement or reduction of common materials which are the reason of ecosystem damages. Organic solvents are the main culprit of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, different environmentally friendly solvents have replaced them. Alternative solvents should decrease the negative impact of organic solvents into the environment. Green solvents like water, ionic liquids (ILs), fluorous solvents, supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2), bio-solvents, and organic carbonates are reviewed in this chapter for organic synthesis. Although water is an ideal medium for plenty of reactions, ionic liquids and fluorous solvents are suitable for reactions which cannot accomplish in supercritical carbon dioxide or water. Reaction rates are so high in supercritical carbon dioxide due to its properties which are intermediate between those of a liquid or gas. While organic carbonates are used for medical, pharmaceutical, and extraction applications, bio-solvents are applied in cleaning agents, cosmetic, and agricultural chemicals.

Published
2020

50. Contributors

Author

Brahim Achiou, Morteza Afkhamipour, Ali Ahmadi, Meisam Ansarpour, Manuel Bailera, Ali Bakhtyari, Angelo Basile, Youssef Belmabkhout, Franciele Longaray Bernard, Wim Brilman, Giuseppina Anna Corrente, Michael O. Daramola, Sandra Einloft, Mohammad Farsi, António Ferreira, Niloufar Fouladi, Nayef Ghasem, Ana L. Gonçalves, Ali Hafizi, Baishali Kanjilal, Madhavan Karunakaran, Mohammad Reza Kiani, Vaishali Krishnadoss, Ilaria Lania, Chang-Ha Lee, Pilar Lisbona, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Mehdi Dehghan Manshadi, Arameh Masoumi, Maryam Meshksar, Masoud Mofarahi, Mahboubeh Nabavinia, Iman Noshadi, Elahe Olyaei, Peyman Pakzad, Begoña Peña, José C.M. Pires, Hamid Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Luis M. Romeo, Saeid Samipour, Mariano Savelski, Colin A. Scholes, Mohammad Amin Sedghamiz, Alessandro Senatore, Payam Setoodeh, Ebrahim Soroush, Yarasi Soujanya, Mohamed Rachid Tchalala, Miguel A. Vale, Kelvin O. Yoro, and Samira Zafarnak

Published
2020

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