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The story of Amir ‌Arslan Namdar is one of the famous folk stories of Persian literature from the Qajar era and one of the most famous romance stories that marks the transition from the short story to the novel. Amir Arslan was written in the middle of the Qajar era and includes some features of traditional and ancient Persian stories, as well as some features of novels. This feature is also evident in the illustrations of many lithographed manuscripts of the book. This article aims to explore the cultural identity and features of this story using a cultural studies approach. It analyzes the hidden and obvious cultural and identity structures of the story by comparing the text and image, while also exploring the hidden cultural roots in this story. The article introduces and studies these cultural aspects, specifically focusing on the illustrations of the lithographed manuscript from 1317 AH.IntroductionThe indicators of cultural studies include the importance of culture in the study of social structure, anthropological and sociological studies, studies focused on popular culture, the discussion of subcultures, their analysis, and their relationship with the dominant culture, as well as the cultivation of the relationship between cultural forms and the sociological approach to culture.One of the significant sources for the social-cultural history of Iran is the folk stories that were created and discussed according to the social, cultural, political, and economic conditions of their time, revealing the rituals and customs of each period. The political, economic, social, and cultural situation of society has a direct effect on folk literature.The story of Amir Arslan is one of the popular and valuable stories of the Qajar era, providing a complete reflection of Persian literature in the late 13th century Hijri. This article compares the text and image, examining the content of the story from the perspective of cultural identity and the visual representations within it. It introduces the visual and content aspects of the lithographed manuscript of Amir Arslan Namdar (dated 1317 AH) available in the collection of manuscripts at Iran's National Library. The article aims to uncover the identity and cultural structures of the text and image through a cultural studies approach.Literature ReviewAmong the researches carried out on the story of Amir Arslan and the study in the field of literature of the Qajar period, there is a book From Story to Novel written by Hadi Yavari, which was published in 1390 by Sokhan publishing, and the author in this book deals with various aspects of the story. The most detailed research on Amir Arslan was done by Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub, which was published in three issues and in the form of a series of articles in Sokhan journal in 1339 and 1340. Also, William L. Hanaway (1991), Gholamhossein Yousefi (1357) and Christophe Balay (1377) have published articles on the subject of this story, which mostly investigated and studied its literary aspects.MethodologyThe research method in this article is descriptive-analytical with a historical approach, and the information was collected from library data.ConclusionThe results indicate that throughout their history, Iranians rediscovered their real identity and identity elements in the face of different challenges, including Iskander's attack and Hellenistic culture, the Arab attack and the arrival of Islam, the invasion of Turk and Mongol peoples, and exposure to the West. The Firang style can be considered as one layer of identity in Qajar culture, gradually formed and stabilized in response to Western influence. Archaism can be seen as a result of Iran's encounter with Western civilization, serving as a means to preserve a culture that faced European invasion.Naser al-Din Shah, along with other Qajar kings, considered himself fascinated and related to the Sassanid ancestors, emphasizing the golden and proud era of ancient Iran in the history of the country. This principle of antiquity spread throughout Qajar culture and particularly influenced Qajar-era art. In an attempt to overcome decline and backwardness, intellectuals turned to the golden period of Iran's history, adding another layer of identity to Qajar culture, referring to ancient Iran.Furthermore, the legacy of Islam and Shia thoughts, inherited from previous eras, particularly the Safavid era, served as a means of legitimacy among the people for the Qajars. References to Islam, the Muslim religion, and Islamic characters can be found in folk stories. The story presents Islam with respect, aiming to be pleasant and acceptable to the general population and gain their favor.The research results also indicate that due to the existence of multiple identities in Qajar culture and society, multiple identity layers can be identified in the literature and art of this era. In the story of Amir Arslan Namdar, three layers of identity can be observed: the identity layer of Firang style at the first level, followed by the traditional Iranian-Islamic identity layer at the second level, and the identity layer of archaism at the lower or weaker level of literary and visual identities.According to the cultural studies approach, it was found that the diverse culture of the people in the Qajar period encompassed these layers of identity. In addition to them, the article discusses the passivity of women in society, the prominent role of spells, magic, etc., and the interest of the population in these areas.

Abstract Background Doctoral programs have consistently garnered the attention of policymakers in medical education systems due to their significant impact on the socio-economic advancement of countries. Therefore, various doctoral programs have been implemented with diverse goals. In Iran, a research doctorate program, known as PhD by Research, was introduced primarily to engage in applied research related to healthcare needs. Nevertheless, the achievement of the program’s goals has been questioned. This study aimed to identify the implementation challenges of the Research Doctorate Program and its solutions in Iran. Method This descriptive qualitative study followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research: A Synthesis of Recommendations and was conducted in two steps. Firstly, the challenges of the Iranian Ph.D. by research program were identified through the perspectives of the program’s students and graduates. In the second step, relevant solutions to these challenges were determined by focus groups of key informant experts. The transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Five students and six graduates were interviewed in the first step and seven experts participated in the second one. The challenges and related solutions are explored in four main themes, including: (1) admission criteria, (2) program goals and expected outcomes, (3) curricula, and (4) financial and human resources. The study showed that various dimensions of the doctoral program are not aligned with each other and how to adapt the program in these dimensions. Conclusion The study revealed the importance of a systematic approach in defining various dimensions of doctoral programs according to program goals and provided specific solutions for defining a research doctorate program in the context of a low- and middle-income country.

Cervical spine pain is one of the most common problems of the spine and upper limbs, which can be axial or radicular. The present study aimed to electrodiagnostically evaluate cervical root involvement among patients presenting with radicular pain. The population was selected using simple random sampling from patients complaining of cervical radicular pain and unilateral or bilateral upper extremity that met the inclusion criteria. Out of 120 patients studied, 21 patients (17.5%) had cervical nerve root involvement, of which 14 were women (13.7% of patients) and 7 were men (38.8% of patients). The highest and lowest prevalence was related to C7 (37.1%) and C8 and T1 cervical roots (11.4% and 4.2), respectively. Four patients (19%) had only left cervical root involvement and 3 patients (14.2%) had right cervical root involvement and 14 patients (66.6% of patients) had bilateral cervical root involvement. The most common neurological finding associated with CTS cervical radiculopathy was about 52%. Based on the findings, most patients complaining of cervical radicular pain and upper extremity to investigate cervical root involvement often have no cervical radiculopathy and may have neurological causes such as carpal tunnel syndrome or musculoskeletal causes such as myofascial pain. Radicular pain and some other causes of these disorders can be simultaneously observed, which emphasizes the proper and timely use of electrodiagnostic tests and accurate examinations to diagnose nerve root damage.

Background: This study investigated the impact of sonic vibration on the root dentin-glass fiber post bond strength using two resin cements. Materials and methods: Forty single-canal teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): Theracem self-adhesive using sonic vibration, Duo-link cement using sonic vibration and abrasion, Theracem self-adhesive, and Duo-link cement. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and independent t test (α = 0.05). Results: In the coronal region, the bond strength was not significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.331). In the apical region, the bond strength was significantly higher in the Duo-link cement using sonic vibration than in the Theracem cement using sonic vibration (P = 0.010) and Theracem cement using the conventional method (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Sonic vibration has positively affects the push-out bond strength of glass fiber post to root dentin using Duo-link cement.

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is a vital aspect of physiciancompetence. It has been the subject of academic research fordecades, and various models of clinical reasoning have beenproposed. The aim of the present study was to develop a theoreticalmodel of clinical reasoning.Methods: To conduct our study, we applied the process of theorysynthesis in accordance with the Walker and Avant’s approach.First, we considered clinical reasoning as a focal concept of ourstudy. Second, a search was carried out for the period 1984–2018, using the PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, ERIC,ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases to review theliterature to identify factors related to the clinical reasoning andthe nature of their relationships. Third, we organized clinicalreasoning into an integrated and efficient representation of theclinical reasoning.Results: According to this study clinical reasoning is the iterativeprocess of intermediation between the recalled clinical knowledgeand the patient’s represented problem in the clinicians’ activememory. We analogize the process of clinical reasoning to theprocess of closure of a cognitive zipper. The recalled knowledgein clinician’s memory resembles to one side of zippers teeth andthe evolving representation of the patient’s problem resemblesthe other side of zippers teeth. So, the results of this study arepresented in three models: [1] multi-layer knowledge structuremodel, [2] problem representation model and [3] cognitive zippermodel of diagnostic reasoning. Conclusion: We propose a developmental model of clinicalreasoning. Several studies have tried to present models andtheories to clarify clinical reasoning, but it seems that thesetheories and models could only explain part of this complexprocess and not the whole process. Cognitive zipper model, dueto its developmental structure, can illustrate the clinical reasoningprocess in more details than other models do.

Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani, is a mystic of fifth and sixth centuries AD, and is considered as one of the elders that had written many Persian and Arabic Hagiographies. According to the importance of Hagiographies with the main theme of dignity and miracles and the attitudes of writing them, in this article, in order to identify the situation of the old and mystic of Sheikh, first of all, we have tried to introduce the works and Hagiographies that had been written about Abdul Qadir, then we study the degree of the author's rhetoric method in order to assert the dignity and to investigate all types of miracles in the three Hagiographies which has been written about him such as the summary translation of Almafakher, Qalaed-Jawahiri and Gusieh merits. Comparing these Hagiographies yielded the following results: all of them are similar to each other a lot, especially in the use of material and physical miracles to show the greatness of him, to share the greatness of positive attitudes such as a guidance and greatness in the summery translation of Almafakher and Qalaed-Jawahiri. After reviewing the direction of in these texts, differences were found between the two of the other sources. Therefore, the credibility of miracles (greatness) was determined according to the direction and method of writing.

The research analyzes Naghme Samini's dramas based on Durant Gilbert's mythocriticque. The theory and method of myth-analysis were initially introduced by Gilbert Durand. In this theory and method, the texts and hypertexts, such as author’s life, are simultaneously important. Myth-analysis is an interdisciplinary criticism, and its process and method can be divided into three stages: symbol-analysis, psychometric and myth-analysis. According to Durand, there is a relationship among all works of an author; personal myth of the author’s mind can be understood through examining them. Based on the original and primary myths, he deeply analyses a work of an author and focuses on the primitive original myths in the last stage of analysis. He states that although a text and work of art plays a main role, this text is not apart from the author and his living environment. Naghme Samini is a contemporary Iranian playwright; due to her interest in myths, archetypes and history, her playwrights deserve analysis from the viewpoint of Gilbert Durand’s mythology. In this research, five plays and two research books written by Naghme Samini have been selected and examined. In the first stage, namely symbol-analysis stage which relies on the text, the selected works were firstly studied. They were then criticized and analyzed through examining symbols, characters and archetypal acts using valid books; this was the first stage of Durand’s mythology. As the second stage, psychometric, which relies on hypertext, was completed through examining the author’s autobiography as well as asking questions from the author himself. Finally, with a general analysis of the previous stages and combination of the results, the final stage, the mythology of the works was fulfilled in order to achieve the personal myth of author’s mind and then the collective myth of her thought. The data were collected using library studies and valid sources and books, and the research method was analytical-descriptive. The research results show that mental concerns of Naghme Samini mostly include the issues related to war and women. Her most important personal myth is Shahrzad, and her narration is to rescue a part that expands on other women through a collective perspective on myth-building.

The theme of "Angel" in Hafez thoughts, in comparison with other texts of Sufism, has undergone serious semantic transformations. Most of the well-known scholars are of the opinion that Hafez considers love as the divine deposit, which is reserved only for human beings, and of which angels are deprived. However, the comparison of the codes in Hafez poetry with other works of Sufism does not support the validity of this proposition. Hafez’s claim that angels are deprived of love is controversial because it contradicts Muslim mystics' general approach, which declares the general dominance of love in the created world. It seems that Hafez was chiefly affected by Attar Neyshaburi and believed in the general dominance of love in the whole created world, although he held that the perfection of love which is the pain of love belongs exclusively to human beings. Nevertheless, the scholars who study Hafez have largely interpreted this view of Hafez differently and through these interpretations many of the concepts found in Hafez poetry turn out to be beyond the comprehension of readers. This article attempts to explicate one of the fundamental metaphors in Sufi texts, "Dordi-e-Dard" (the remains of pain) and compare its related propositions in the poetry of Hafez and other Sufi writings, and then reviews the theme of "Angel" and its share of love in the thoughts of Hafez.

According to the theory of renowned American feminist critic, Ellen Showalter, in the study of any sub-culture, including women’s literary sub-culture, we witness the process of three main stages of imitation, protest, and self-awareness in the works of Iranian women novelists. To describe this process, Showalter developed three stages of transformation as Feminine stage, Feminist stage, and Female stage. As Feminine, the women novelist imitates overwhelming male traditions and patterns. As Feminist, the women novelist protests rooted values and measures in literature. As Female, the women novelist returns to herself to discover personal identity and self-awareness. The present study has extensively reviewed thirty three novels of Iranian women novelist in the last half century from 1960 to 2010. This study, with an eye on Showalter’s feminist theory considers transformation process of self-awareness in female writers of Iran and defines its evolution through the predetermined stages. As the result of present study, it was logically evident to claim that Showalter’s model comprehensively applies to the Iranian female literary subculture. Nevertheless, it must be noted that evolution from second to third stage was not broadly evident and only happened in the work of Shahrnush Parsipur titled “Blue Logos”. We may also need to study more works of Iranian women novelist to search for the third stage enhancements.

Economic behaviors are among the main issues in economy, especially Islamic economy. In this context, one of the weaknesses of the Islamic economics is the scarcity of experimental study on Muslims' behaviors. This paper has done an experimental study to estimate the effect of religious social capital on Qartholhasan payment behavior at the micro level using resource generator tool along with income, age and property. The data were collected through survey and questionnaires and analyzed by econometric method. The survey population was the households in the city of Zahedan and the sampling consisted of 504 heads of households in the community. The results show that religious capital, property, income, bank deposits and received interest have a significant effect on Qardholhasan payment. Also, the household size and education have meaningful effect on that. Innovations of this paper are the empirically testing at micro-level of the Islamic doctrine, entering the religious capital based on recognized scientific tools in the survey, along with other variables that influence economic behavior.

Bahram Beizaie pays special attention to Iran’s honorable old ages. He chooses one feature of the golden age “matriarchy” period depicting it in some of his plays. The purpose of this research is to discuss the dependence of heroines and Iranian goddess, and to analyze this dependence in some of Beyzaeis’ works. Plays and screenplays that are considered in this study include: “Saljuk istgah”, “Parde nei”, “Parde khane”, Shabe 1001(1)”, Shabe 1001(3)” and “Fath name kalat”. The research is descriptive - analytical, so that at first, Beyzaeis models in merging heroines and goddess would be specified and then his works would be analyzed on this basis. Conclusions show that Beyzaei uses the goddesses of “kindness”, “birth”, “love”, “courage” and the most important one the goddess of “wisdom” to create his heroines. Based on analysis of these works, the presence of wise goddess such as goddess “Chista” most in Beizaeis works even more than “Anahita”.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Cultural Intelligence and its components with librarians' job performance in the public libraries of Khuzestan. Methodology: This study is a descriptive correctional research that applied with survey method. The population is consisted of the whole librarians employing in the public libraries of Khuzestan (S=230), from which, by using the Krejcie & Morgan table, a 145 people sample were selected through stratified random sampling method. To measure the cultural intelligence and job performance, the questionnaires of Van Dyne and Ang (2004), and Farajpahlou and et al (1391) were used respectively. In order to test the research hypotheses, multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. Findings: The results showed that between cultural intelligence (by cognitive and metacognitive) and librarians' job performance in the public libraries of Khuzestan, there is a significant positive relationship. Also the components of cultural intelligence (cognitive, metacognitive, motivational and behavioral) cognitive, metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence have a significant positive relationship with job Performance of librarians. Originality/Value: On the basis of this research, we can approvingly said that for create any increase in the job performance of public librarians, directors must invoke the cultural intelligence of them as an important priority.

The present article is a query research in the history of Islamic mysticism aiming to introduce and discuss the wise insane women. The first part of the article is the theoretical discussions of mystic insanity and its fundamentals. The style of the presentation of the discussions is based on the views and achievements of classical experts in the Islamic mysticism. In the second part of the article, the name and the biography of some of them based on the restricted historical resources were mentioned; in addition to the review of behaviors and thoughts of the wise insane. The main question of the research is that “did some women have special mystic status in the history? Have they been regarded as the wise insane?” The answer to these questions is positive according to the first grade resources. The research is historical using library method.

Background: Sulphites are widely used as a preservative and antioxidant additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Many types of biological and toxicological effects of sulphites in multiple organs of mammals have been shown in previous studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium metabisulfite (SMB) on testicular function and morphometric values of epididymis in adult male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups. The experimental groups received SMB at doses of 10 mg/kg (S10), 100mg/kg (S100), and 260 mg/kg (S260) while an equal volume of normal saline was administered to the control group via gavage. The rats were anaesthetized after 28 days and the left testis with the head of epididimis was excised following abdominal incision for histological observation using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum samples were collected for assay of testosterone level. The initial epididymis was analyzed for motility, morphology, and the number of sperms. Result: The results of this study showed that normal morphology, count, and motility of sperms and testosterone level were decreased in the SMB treated groups. In comparison with the control group, SMB resulted in a lower total number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, spermatids, and Leydig cells. Conclusion: It is suggested that SMB decreases the sperm production and has the potential to affect the fertility adversely in male rats.

The "alien- enemy" archetype in cultural history of Iran often emerges in different forms and examples of hostility and alienation such as Tatar and Mongol. Mongol savagery and brutality on Iranians, was so severe that after a hard attack and murder and plunder, for centuries, they were an example for each type of attack. Gradually Mongols' attacks changed from historical form and remained in a mythical form in our literature and culture. This article describes how the myth of Mongol formed in our cultural history and signifies the issue, in particular, in the works of "Bahram Beyzai". The main feature of his fictional narratives is an active participation of women in the context of the narration. The purpose of this study is analyzing the struggle of "champion- trickster" women, against the myth of the Mongols, in the "Bahram Beyzai" narrations. Plays and screenplays that are considered in this study include: “Fathnameye kalat”, “mire kafanpush tales”, “ayyare tanha”,”ayyarname” and “tarajname”. The research is descriptive- analytical, so that at first we will express the way that Beyzai uses to describe myth of the Mongols, then five works that are particularly about women's struggle with Mongol in the narrations, will be analyzed.

In the eighth century, three hagiographies was written and translated and summarized by Mahmood Ibn Osman about two well-known Fars mystics who have lived in the fifth and eleventh century. The Mystics name were “sheikh Abou Ishaq Kazerouni " and "Amin Aldin Balayani “. Because these hagiographies "Firdous Almorshedieh ", " Anvar Almorshedieh " and " Meftah Alhedayeh " are important and unknown and there is no source, except these three books about the life of their writer, and because of special style of Mahmood Ibne Osman in writing of hagiographies, In this article it is attempted to survey the aspects of these two mystics and their hagiographies and the relationship between "Mahmood Ibne Osman" and "Abu Ishaq" and " Amin Aldin ".Therefore in these essay the comparative style of writing, the usage of poems of various poets in hagiographies, common chapters and common ideas and contents and the high position of women and dignity of hagiographies are studied and discussed.

رمان رویای تبت یکی از آثار فریبا وفی از جمله نویسندگان دهه هفتاد است که در آن روزمرگی سه زن در دو نسل و با سه هویت متفاوت روایت می‌شود. نظریه پردازان جامعه شناسی که به تحلیل آثار ادبی پرداخته‌اند از رویکردهای مختلفی در تحلیل متن سود جسته‌اند. یکی از انواع مهمترین نظریه‌های جامعه شناسی نظریه کنش متقابل نمادین است. در حالی که یک نظریه پرداز کنش متقابل نمادین به این توجه دارد که آدم‌ها چگونه تصویری از خود خلق می‌کنند و با آن به گفت و گو می‌پردازند، گافمن به این قضیه می‌پرداخت که چگونه جامعه انسان‌ها را به ارائه‌ی تصویر معینی از خودشان وا می‌دارد. اروینگ گافمن (1982- 1922) از جمله جامعه شناسانی است که به تحلیل روابط میان افراد در زندگی روزانه می‌پردازد. وی برای این منظور از استعاره‌های نمایشی بهره می‌گیرد. در این پژوهش ضمن بیان نظریه‌های گافمن به بررسی رمان بر پایه‌ی نظریات وی می‌پردازیم. براساس الگوی گافمن در تحلیل رمان رؤیای تبت می‌توان گفت، شخصیت‌های زن این رمان برای پنهان کردن داغ عشقی ممنوع تلاش می‌کنند، اما نمی‌توانند در اجرای روی صحنه، موفق عمل کنند.

One of the common motifs of myths and ancient stories is metamorphosis or transformation of creatures using supernatural forces or magic. Many cases of metamorphosis in stories bear mythological and psychological connotations whose description necessitates listening to the waves of "collective unconscious" in the depth of myths. When investigating into anecdotes of One Thousand and One Nights, we encounter many cases of mental tensions in form of creatures and objects which to some extent indicate the anxiety and pains of man's soul and mind in life. The common functions of metamorphosis in anecdotes of One Thousand and One Nights should be sought in external similarities and the uncommon ones in different truths the individual becomes aware of; the truths which cause the individual to overpower fear, create a sense of worship and make the hero reach an awareness of the nature of time, thought, and unconscious. In this paper, the process of individualism is discussed as the most important psychological factor in metamorphosis. Also, along with humor, secrecy, entertainment, deception, tendency towards eternity is the most important mythological and religious reason for using metamorphosis in stories.

The aim of this research is analyze the content of Lamerd's lullabies in Fars Province with sociological approach and to illustrate women's situation in family and the function of these lullabies in the mentioned region. The method of this study is qualitative content analysis of lullabies with inductive approach. The results of the research were considered in two sections: 1) the concepts related to family structure and functions of lullabies in relationship between couples. 2) Functions of lullabies in relationship between mother and her baby. The findings show the women's situation in traditional and male-dominated society and claim that in such circumstances lullabies had hidden functions for women: 1) they construct protest space for women 2) they prepare conditions for dialogue and explanation of desire and in better words facilitate establishing relationship for women. 3) Prepare space to get rid of psychological and structural stress. Therefore Considering the functions of lullabies for women, women's lullabies can be considered as media.

هزار و یک شب کتابی چند ملیتی است که در طی سالیان متوالی نگارش یافته و چندین زبان و فرهنگ را تجربه کرده و از جایگاه ویژه‌ای در میان سرزمین‌های زادگاهش و چه بسا کشورهای غربی برخوردار است. راویان و نقالان این اثر آگاهانه یا ناآگاهانه نام‌های شخصیت‌های داستان را به‌گونه‌ای گزینش نموده‌اند که با کنش و شخصیت آنان بسیار همانندی دارد. در این اثنا نام گزینی زنان در کتابی که با کنش و حضور پر رنگ زنان نقش گرفته است و با دنیایی رمزی و سمبولیک پیوندی ناگسستنی دارد بسیار مهم و ارزشمند تلقی می‌شود. مطالعه نام‌ها در این کتاب به شناخت بیشتر این اثر و افشای هویت زنان در تاریخ گمشده‌شان یاری می‌رساند. در این مقاله کوشش شده است تا با رویکردی زن مدارانه و با توجه به طبقه اجتماعی زنان نام‌های زنان و ارزش توصیفی آنان در هزار و یک شب نشان داده شود. جامعه آماری مورد بررسی، حکایت‌های جلد اول هزار و یک شب ترجمه‌ی عبداللطیف تسوجی (نشر هرمس) است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد نام گزینی زنان در این کتاب از جایگاهی ویژه برخوردار است و از نظر آوایی، معنایی و رمزی با شخصیت و کنش آنان پیوندهای ناگسستنی و معناداری دارد. مثال‌های مختلف در بهره‌گیری راویان از شیوه‌های مختلف، ازن نظر را تأیید می‌کند.

The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of O serogroups of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains that cause community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) in children. In this study, 96 children with UTI referred to two Jahrom University-affiliated Hospitals in Iran were enrolled, during the period from August 2005 to August 2006. Drug sensitivity was tested by disk diffusion method and serotyping done by slide agglutination method. A total of 96 E. coli strains were isolated from urine samples of the study children whose age ranged from one month to 14 years. Cystitis was diagnosed in 49.2% and pyelonephritis in 50.8% of the study patients. Maximum drug resistance was seen with ampicilin (80.2%) and the least with imipenem (1.1%). The most common type of O antigen was O1 (12.2%). There was significant correlation between the presence of O antigens and sensitivity to nalidixic acid and gentamicin (P < 0.05). This is the first report of E. coli serotyping in children with UTI from the south of Iran and their relation to antibiotic resistance and clinical presentation. Further studies from other parts of Iran and on other serotypes are recommended.

یکی از حکایت‌های کتاب «حدیقه» روایت جوانمردی مردی از صوفیه است. این حکایت بیانگر یکی از اصول اساسی اندیشه فتون و آیین فتیان است. نویسنده در مقاله حاضر، درصدد کشف مأخذ اصلی این حکایت برآمد و در طی این جست و جو بر وی روشن شد که جز کتاب «حلیه‌الاولیاء» ابونعیم اصفهانی که به‌عنوان یکی از مأخذ کتاب ذکر شده، روایت فوق در میان احادیث مروی از دو امام بزرگوار شیعه امام سجاد (ع) و امام محمدباقر (ع) موجود است و سلمی در کتاب «ذکر النسوه المتعبدات الصوفیات»، روایتی شبیه به آن را ذکر می‌کند که احتمال می‌رود از سرچشمه‌های اصلی این حکایت باشد. ابوالحسن هجویری در «کشف المحجوب» و شهاب الدین عمر سهروردی در «عوارف المعارف» نیز به این حکایت اشاره کرده‌اند. با توجه به اینکه در روایت سلمی، زن عارف قهرمان داستان است؛ بخشی با عنوان زنان و فتوت به مقاله حاضر افزوده شد تا جایگاه زنان در فتوت و زنان فتی نیز معرفی شوند.

The Ghessat al-Ghorbat al-Gharbiya (Story of western alienation) is one of the most striking symbolic treatises of Sohrevardī.In this story, ‘sheikh of illumination’ depicts the meeting of the luminous human with its divine mate as a dream like experience in the form of a spiritual journey.It is the story of descent of soul and its captivity in the chains of material word. It portraits the carnal soul’s struggles in passing the obstacles and ends with arriving at Tour-e-Sina and the father’s mythical temple and visiting him.The archetypes have a special function in advancing the theme of this story and picturing its events. Therefore, a Jungian archetypal approach has been adopted. The archetypal situations and characters that have been considered specially are respectively as follows: quest and yearn, rebirth, journey, conversion of multiplicity to unity, passing through water and fire; and those of characters: the wise old man, anima, and shadow.

از دلخوشیها و سرگرمیهای همیشگی مردم ایران که عموماً اهل هنر و ادب هستند جمع آوری و گلچین اشعار شاعران و ترتیب سفینه های شعر از قدیمیترین زمان تاکنون بوده است. ایرانیان به واسطه دارا بودن ذوق طبیعی و استعداد سرشار در شعر و شاعری همواره علاقه مند و دلبسته سخن منظوم بوده اند و آنچه را می خواسته اند و آرزو داشته اند از دریچه چشم شاعر و سخن زرین او دیده و شنیده اند و کعبه آمال خود را در شعر خلاصه کرده اند. به این جهت امروز ما میراث دار یکی از عالی ترین تراوشهای ذهن و ذوق بشری و والاترین ارزشهای تمدن ایرانی هستیم. جنگ ها و سفینه های شعر فارسی نشانه های علاقه مفرط مردم به انتخاب اشعار گزیده و ناب است. بیشتر گردآورندگان این گزیده آثار یا خود شاعر بوده اند و یا علاقه مند شعر و در مجامع و محافل ادبی شرکت می جسته اند. تذکره های شعر فارسی نمونه دیگر اینگونه رویکرد به شعر می باشد.

The book “One Thousand and One Nights” has always been considered as a relatively major source in cultural studies about women. This book comprises many female characters who play various moral and operative roles. It seems that this book does not merely reflect the common perspectives of one era or the personal experiences of its authors in relation with women; yet it is an intricate result of the society views toward this issue and different experiences of the authors. Throughout the years, it has developed the opportunities for expressing an idea, or the ways for opposing a belief and has also established the ground for its survival or demise. The investigated domain in this article is the Persian translation of the book “One Thousand and One nights” and some of the paintings of Sani’-ol-Molk. In the present study, the stories in which women play the primary role have been selected. The purpose of the current research is to explore the image of woman in these stories and to compare it with the paintings of Sani’-ol-Molk. Shahrzad is a key female character in the One Thousand and One Nights book who creates a general convergence in the stories by illustrating the conditions of women and introducing them as prudent, courageous, lover, artist and writer; and this results in the fact that not only is woman no longer disgraced but also the readers consider her as a complement, a collaborator and a comrade for man and therefore try to resolve her problems. Consistent with the language of the narrator of the stories and the story principles, Sani’-ol-Molk also creates a democratic atmosphere about women which demonstrates the profound impacts of Shahrzad and other women of the story on him.