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1. Tobacco Cessation Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

Author

David Brown, Alex Mechaber, Ed Trapido, Mary Mites Campbell, Erin Marcus, Asma Aftab, Robert Hernandez, and Mark OConnell

Subjects
OSCE, Counseling, Smoking, Nicotine, Motivational Interviewing, Tobacco Dependence, Medicine (General), R5-920, Education
Abstract

Abstract This objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) station was developed to evaluate the motivational interviewing and counseling skills of medical students at the end of the third year. It assesses the skills recommended in the US Public Health Service guidelines for treating tobacco dependence and includes instructions for students, standardized patients (SPs), and evaluators. Tobacco dependence is the number one preventable cause of death, killing half of its continuing users. Based on the chronic care model, the US Public Health Service published detailed, evidence-based guidelines (the “5 A's”) for physician intervention, updated in 2008. This OSCE station provides the opportunity to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and skills required to implement these guidelines. This module requires a SP and observer to evaluate students. Fifteen minutes is required per student for testing and evaluation. Patients and observers should not prompt students beyond instructions provided. Both patients and evaluators should be trained to promote consistency.

Published
2009
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2. Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke, Parental Nicotine Dependence, and Motivation to Quit Smoking

Author

Jo Ann, Kleier, Mary, Mites-Campbell, and Kelly, Henson-Evertz

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, Motivation, Nicotine, Adolescent, Environmental Exposure, Tobacco Use Disorder, Middle Aged, Asthma, Air Pollution, Indoor, Surveys and Questionnaires, Florida, Humans, Female, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Child, Aged
Abstract

More than 600,000 people die each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); 28% of those deaths are children. Most exposure for children occurs in the home and is due to a parent smoking. Parental awareness and understanding of the exposure to SHS and the risk that parental smoking brings to the child may be an effective impetus for smoke avoidance and parental tobacco cessation. This descriptive, correlational study used data provided by a convenience sample of 184 smoking parental-figures, representing 376 children, recruited in community settings. Seven research questions were posed regarding the exposure of children to parental figures who smoke, the degree of the parents’ dependence on nicotine, and their level of motivation to stop smoking. Comparisons were made between income levels and ethnic/racial groups. Children’s exposure to SHS was low; Asian children had the highest likelihood of exposure. The areas of most frequent exposure were multiunit residential communities and in a vehicle. Parents’ dependence on nicotine was moderately high, and parental motivation to quit smoking was high. However, parents who were the most dependent on nicotine were the least motivated to quit. Nurses working with both adult and pediatric populations should address the opportunities for exposure to SHS for their patient population. Community health nurses should specifically target workplaces, businesses, and communities with high numbers of Asian residents for public health education related to childhood exposure to SHS.

Published
2018

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