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Dynamics of a dry-rebounding drop was studied experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. Experimental results were reproduced by our computational fluid dynamics simulations, from which time series of kinetic energy, potential energy, and surface energy were obtained. The time series of these energies quantitatively clarified the energy conversion and loss during the dry-rebound. These results were interpreted by using an imaginary spring model and a spherical harmonic analysis. The spring model explained the vertical deformation of the drop, however, could not completely explain the energy loss; the timings of the energy loss did not match. From a viewpoint of the spherical harmonic deformation of a drop, the deformation of the drop after the impact was found to be a combination of two vibrational motions. One of the two vibrational motions is an inertial motion derived from the free-fall and the another is a pressure-induced motion derived from a pressure surge due to the sudden stop of the bottom part of the drop at the impact. The existence of the pressure surge at the impact was confirmed in the simulated results. The pressure-induced motion resists the inertial motion and consequently dumps the kinetic energy of the drop.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate whether the administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) results in remodeling- or modeling-based bone formation in different regions of the murine femora, and whether the PTH-driven bone formation would facilitate osteoblastic differentiation into osteocytes., Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were employed to examine the distribution of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), PHOSPHO1, podoplanin, and calcein labeling in two distinct long bone regions: the metaphyseal trabeculae close to the chondro-osseous junction (COJ) and those distant from the COJ in three mouse groups, a control group receiving a vehicle (sham group) and groups receiving hPTH (1-34) twice a day (PTH BID group) or four times a day (PTH QID group) for two weeks., Results: The sham group showed PHOSPHO1-reactive mature osteoblasts localized primarily at the COJ, whereas the PTH BID/QID groups exhibited extended lines of PHOSPHO1-reactive osteoblasts even in regions distant from the COJ. The PTH QID group displayed fragmented calcein labeling in trabeculae close to the COJ, whereas continuous labeling was observed in trabeculae distant from the COJ. Osteoblasts tended to express podoplanin and PHOSPHO1 independently in the close and distant regions of the sham group, while osteoblasts in the PTH-administered groups showed immunoreactivity of podoplanin and PHOSPHO1 together in the close and distant regions., Conclusions: Administration of PTH may accelerate remodeling-based bone formation in regions close to the COJ while predominantly inducing modeling-based bone formation in distant regions. PTH appeared to simultaneously facilitate osteoblastic bone mineralization and differentiation into osteocytes in both remodeling- and modeling-based bone formation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) is a challenging field with limited results. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of a procedural strategy beginning with occluded vessel diameter measurement and matched aspiration catheter selection., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all sequentially treated patients by mechanical thrombectomy at two comprehensive stroke centers between May 2020 and April 2023, focusing on the occluded vessel diameter. We included patients who underwent thrombectomy for MeVO based on the matching strategy (a procedural approach involving vessel diameter assessment, matching aspiration catheter selection, and firm clot engagement with or without a stent retriever). We evaluated efficacy and safety using the modified Thrombolysis in the Cerebral Infarction Scale (mTICI) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and procedure-related complications., Results: Seventy patients fulfilled the final inclusion criteria. The median occluded vessel diameter was 1.71 mm. We achieved mTICI 2b/2c/3 in 82.9% and mTICI 2c/3 in 51.4% of the cases and did not observe any symptomatic ICH. We detected asymptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 24.3% of the cases, that is, 5.6%, 20.0%, and 45.5% in the vessel diameter groups ≥2.0, 1.5-2.0, and ≤1.5 mm, respectively. The SAH incidence was significantly higher in narrower vessel groups. The occluded vessel diameter and the contact method with clots predicted clinical outcomes., Conclusions: Matching strategy-based thrombectomy yields acceptable efficiency and safety results. In narrower vessels, it is optimal to engage matched aspiration catheters and clots without the assistance of conventional stent retrievers., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background : The sentinel lymph node is the first node that cancer cells reach when migrating from the primary site. However, oncological outcomes after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) have not been reported for cervical cancer. In this study, oncological outcomes were compared between patients receiving SNB and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLD) for early-stage cervical cancer. Methods : One hundred and four patients with clinical stage 1A2, 1B1, and 2A1 cervical cancer were included in this study. All patients underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical hysterectomy with SNB or PLD. Fifty-two patients with tumors ≤2 cm underwent SNB. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the groups. Results : The median (interquartile range) tumor size was 12 (7-20) mm in the SNB group and 20 (13-25) mm in the PLD group. Lymph node metastasis occurred in one patient in the SNB group and in nine patients in the PLD group. The median follow-up periods were 42 (24-60) and 82 (19-101) months in the SNB group and PLD group, respectively. The 3-year DFS rates were 100% in SNB and 91.5% in PLD. The 3-year OS was 100% in both groups. Conclusions : SNB was sufficient in cervical cancer patients with tumors ≤2 cm, suggesting that PLD might not be necessary for these patients.

Somatic hypermutations (SHMs) in the variable region (V H ) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene are common in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Recently, IgH V H SHMs have become known as immunogenic neoantigens, but few studies have evaluated the prognostic impact of the frequency of V H SHMs in DLBCL. The BIOMED-2 protocol is the gold standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for clonality analysis in lymphoid malignancies, but can produce false negatives due to the presence of IgH V H SHMs. To overcome this problem, three primer sets were designed for the three framework regions (FR1, FR2, and FR3). We evaluated the predictive value of this PCR pattern in patients with DLBCL. To evaluate the prognostic impact of complete detection of the clonal amplifications (V H FR1-J H , V H FR2-J H , and V H FR3-J H ) in the BIOMED-2 protocol, we retrospectively analyzed 301 DLBCL patients who were initially treated with anthracycline-based immunochemotherapy. Complete detection of the FR1 to FR3 primer-based IgH V H PCR patterns in the BIOMED-2 protocol was associated with low frequency of V H SHMs ( p  < 0.001). Patients who were positive for all these three PCRs ( n  = 79) were significantly associated with shorter 5-year overall survival (OS; 54.2% vs. 73.2%; p  = 0.002) and progression-free survival (PFS; 34.3% vs. 59.3%; p  < 0.001) compared to patients with other PCR patterns ( n  = 202). Specifically, the successful FR3-J H detection was associated with significantly worse OS ( p  < 0.001) and PFS ( p  < 0.001). PCR patterns of complete IgH rearrangement using the BIOMED-2 protocol are clinically meaningful indicators for prognostic stratification of DLBCL patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). eJHaem published by British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)