One of perspective trends of treatment in patients, suffering chronic ischemia of extremities, is application of a cellular technologies. This trend needs scientific confirmation, basing on investigations, which discover primary signs, characterizing chronic ischemic impact on the muscular tissue structure and ultrastructure of vascular endothelium in capillaries of the muscle. The results of investigations conducted witness the muscular tissue reconstruction occurrence under impact of chronic ischemia: restoration of muscular fascicles by connective tissue, spoiling young myons regeneration, the capillaries lumen obturation. In addition, in ischemic state the destruction of energetic organelles and endotheliocytes occurs.