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Notocearagryllus Martins-Neto, 1999 Type species. Notocearagryllus dutrae Martins-Neto, 1999, by original designation. Remarks. Notocearagryllus is closely related to Cearagryllus, exhibiting many of the diagnostic characters of it. The main differences are the presence of a conspicuous lanceolated cell, constricted at its base (plesiomorphic, shared with several other gryllid groups, for example Araripegryllus Martins-Neto, 1987), and the space between the diagonal vein and the base of CuP at the chords being filled with perpendicular cross-veins (filled just up to the anterior and the anterolateral speculum boundary in Cearagryllus). However, the lanceolated cell, if it exists, has not been observed in any of the Cearagryllus species. Additionally, Notocearagryllus exhibits several perpendicular cross-veins in the anal area (not evident in any of the Cearagryllus species) and the chords are more conspicuously curved (slightly curved in all species of Cearagryllus and Santanagryllus). Notocearagryllus also exhibits a sigmoid CuA, apically converging towards the posterior tegmen margin, more curved chords (extension of CuP, 1 A and 2 A after the ���Z��� at the tegmen base) and a wider apical area. Another apomorphic character is the partial fusion of 1 A and 2 A at the distal part of the ���Z���., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1999) A new subfamily of Baissogryllidae Gorochov from Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Northeast Brazil. Proceedings of the I International Paleoentomological Conference, Moscow, pp. 91 - 97."]}

Cearagrylloides microcephalus Martins-Neto, n. comb. (Figs. 2 B, E, G) 1. Cearagryllus microcephalus Martins-Neto, 1991. Specimens included. GP/ 1 T- 1680 (holotype), RGMN- 203, CV- 1699, and RGMN- 40 (510) New supplementary material. RGMN- 508. Emended diagnosis. Females with robust body, varying from 24 to 26 mm length; fore wing length varying from 24 to 28 mm; ovipositor length around 38 mm. Ovipositor 1.6 times longer than the body and/or the fore wing length. Head notably small, laterally elongated. ScP straight, not thickened; R parallel to ScP. MP unbranched; around six MP 2 secondary branches. r-m indistinct. Discussion. The specimen CV- 1699, with incompletely preserved ovipositor, was initially interpreted as belonging to the species Cearagryllus perforatorius (Martins-Neto, 1991), based just on the body and wing length. However, after re-examination of the venation of this specimen, it is now possible to verify that it belongs to Cearagrylloides microcephalus. In addition to the original characters assigned to the species (smaller body and head, longer ovipositor), the fore wing provided other important characters. In C. perforatorius ScP is sigmoid, distally divergent and basally thickened, in contrast to C. microcephalus, which exhibits a straight ScP, not thickened. Additionally, MA has typically three anterior secondary branches, not present in C. microcephalus. Another minor difference is a smaller number of MP secondary branches., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162."]}

Allocearagryllus Martins-Neto n. gen. Etymology. A different Cearagryllus Type species. Notocearagryllus leipnitzi Martins-Neto, 2002 b Diagnosis (male). Speculum approximately square (posterior margin slightly shorter than the anterior) with sp 1 converging on sp 2. CuA secondary branches beginning above the speculum (area supra-specular). Ve i n d-am situated at the boundary of anterior and anterolateral margins of the speculum. Curved d vein. Area below the posterior margin of the speculum similar in width to the adjacent ones. Discussion. Similar to Notocearagryllus Martins-Neto, 1999 in the general aspect of the tegmen morphology, differing however in features of the speculum: the posterior margin is slightly shorter than the anterior in Allocearagryllus n. gen. (posterior longer than anterior in Notocearagryllus); sp 1 converges on sp 2 in Allocearagryllus n. gen. (parallel in Notocearagryllus); sp 2 origin is at the base of the posterolateral margin of the speculum in Allocearagryllus n. gen. (at the posterior margin in Notocearagryllus). Additionally, the CuA secondary branches begin above the speculum in Allocearagryllus n. gen., and after the speculum in Notocearagryllus. Allocearagryllus n. gen. is also larger: tegmen length 25 mm as preserved (representing about 2 / 3 total length), compared with a total tegmen length of around 22 mm in Notocearagryllus. The features outlined above also distinguish the new genus from Cearagryllus. The d vein deflects at the anterior margin of the speculum in both Notocearagryllus and Cearagryllus, and d is curved forward in Allocearagryllus n. gen. The area below the posterior margin of the speculum is as wide as the adjacent ones in Allocearagryllus n. gen., wider in both Cearagryllus and Notocearagryllus., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (2002 b) New Baissogryllidae and Gryllidae (Insecta, Ensifera) from Santana Formation, Araripe Basin (Lower Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil). Historia Natural (Segunda serie), 1 (6), 31 - 35.","Martins-Neto, R. G. (1999) A new subfamily of Baissogryllidae Gorochov from Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Northeast Brazil. Proceedings of the I International Paleoentomological Conference, Moscow, pp. 91 - 97."]}

Allocearagryllus leipnitzi Martins-Neto, n. comb. (Fig. 1 C) 1. Notocearagryllus leipnitzi Martins-Neto, 2002 b Etymology. In honor of the foraminiferologist Prof. Dr. Itamar Ivo Leipnitz (UNISINOS-RS). Holotype. RGMN-T029, Martins-Neto Collection, housed at the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleoartropodologia ��� SBPr. Type locality, type stratum and age. As for Notocearagryllus dutrae Martins-Neto. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Description (Holotype, Fig. 1 C). Male tegmen 25 mm long as preserved (around 2 / 3 of the probable total length). RP, CuA and pre-lanceolate cell partially preserved. Speculum fairly square, with the anterior margin slightly curved than the posterior one. Anterolateral margin as long as the posterolateral one. sp 1 reaches the distal part of the posterior margin and the apical part of the anterolateral margin, parallel to the anal margin, converging on sp 2; sp 2 reaches the distal part of the posterolateral margin and the apical part of the anterolateral margin, close to the sp 1 extremity. CuA secondary branches beginning above the speculum, and zigzag-shaped at their base, perpendicularly deflecting toward the apical margin, then running, slightly convergent, alongside the anal margin. Intraspecular cells numerous immediately under the speculum and also after it. Chords notably curved. The d vein partially fused to CuP, converging towards CuA. The d-am crossvein situated at the boundary of both anterior and anterolateral margins of the speculum. Apical part of d connected to the apical part of the posterolateral margin of the speculum by a long cross-vein. The area below the posterior margin of the speculum of similar width to the adjacent areas (area below the anterolateral margin of the speculum and area between the posterolateral margin of the speculum and the most proximal CuA secondary branch) and filled by parallel cross-veins. Remarks. This specimen was originally described by Martins-Neto (2002 b) under the collection number RGMN- 3000, now removed to a definitive collection number RGMN-T029 at the same Institution (SBPr)., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (2002 b) New Baissogryllidae and Gryllidae (Insecta, Ensifera) from Santana Formation, Araripe Basin (Lower Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil). Historia Natural (Segunda serie), 1 (6), 31 - 35."]}

Subfamily Cearagryllinae Martins-Neto n. subfam. Diagnosis. Male tegmen with trapezoidal to square-rounded speculum and two specular veins (sp 1 and sp 2). Diagonal vein strongly deflected to CuA. Presence of the d-am veinlet connecting the anterior margin of the speculum to d 2. Area between the anterolateral margin of the speculum and CuP at the chords filled with several perpendicular cross-veins. Females with robust body and long setiform ovipositor; cerci smaller than the ovipositor. Genera included. Cearagryllus Martins-Neto, 1991; Santanagryllus Martins-Neto, 1991; Notocearagryllus Martins-Neto, 1998; Allocearagryllus n. gen.; Cryptocearagryllus n. gen., and possibly Anglogryllus Gorochov et al, 2006 (males); Cearagrylloides n. gen. and Paracearagryllus n. gen. (females). Discussion. The most typical representative of the subfamily, the type genus Cearagryllus, was interpreted by Gorochov (1995) as belonging to the Baissogryllinae Gorochov based on plesiomorphic characters (several specular veins and general shape of the speculum). Cearagryllus exhibits an unique set of apomorphic characters that distinguish it from all other Cretaceous baissogryllid-like ensiferans, such as the double diagonal veins, the d 2 deflection and the presence of the veinlet d-am, which justify its inclusion in a distinct subfamily, as proposed here. The two genera proposed for female species are included in the subfamily on the basis of the great similarity of body shape to that of the males. The ovipositor length, apomorphic for this group, and the notably short cerci are characteristics that distinguish this female group from all other known female grylloids., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162.","Gorochov, A. V., Jarzembowski, E. A., and Coram, R. A. (2006) Grasshoppers and crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research, 27, 641 - 662."]}

Cearagryllus Martins-Neto, 1991 Type species. Cearagryllus monstruosus Martins-Neto, 1991, by original designation. Remarks. The type species of the genus was based on a poorly preserved specimen, with an incomplete tegmen. A re-examination of the original material (Figure 2 B) reveals the existence of all diagnostic characters proposed for the subfamily. Species included (males): Cearagryllus monstruosus Martins-Neto, 1991 (the type species, Fig. 1 D); Cearagryllus gorochovi Martins-Neto, 1991 and Cearagryllus robustus Martins-Neto, 1991., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162."]}

Cryptocearagryllus revelatus Martins-Neto n. comb. (Pl. IIA; Fig. 1 E) 1. Cearagryllus revelatus Martins-Neto, 1999 Diagnosis. As for the genus. Holotype. RGMN-T020, Martins-Neto Collection, housed at the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleoartropodologia, SBPr, Ribeir��o Preto, Brazil. Locus and Stratum-typicum. As for Notocearagryllus dutrae Martins-Neto. Remarks. This specimen was originally described as belonging to the genus Cearagryllus (Martins-Neto, 1999), but is now transferred to the new genus Cryptocearagryllus Martins-Neto n. gen., as discussed above., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1999) A new subfamily of Baissogryllidae Gorochov from Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Northeast Brazil. Proceedings of the I International Paleoentomological Conference, Moscow, pp. 91 - 97."]}

Cryptocearagryllus n. gen. Etymology. Crypto, from Latin, hidden, and Cearagryllus, the closest genus Type species. Cearagryllus revelatus Martins-Neto, 1999, designated here. Diagnosis. Male tegmen with square rounded speculum. Two specular veins parallel to anal margin. Double diagonal vein. Both lanceolated cell and cua-m absent. CuP secondary branches aligned with the specular cross-veins and several CuA secondary branches. Discussion. Similar to Cearagryllus and Notocearagryllus in having two specular veins parallel to the anal margin and double diagonal vein, differing however in the square-rounded speculum shape. Similar to Allocearagryllus n. gen. in having a rather square speculum, differing however in the speculum having a more central position, with both anterior and posterior margins parallel to the anal margin. d 1 is similarly deflected to the speculum, although is notably longer. Cryptocearagryllus n. gen. has a wider costal area than Allocearagryllus n. gen., and a complex pattern of chords, especially between the diagonal veins and the posterolateral margin of the speculum, where the long cross-veins (apparently secondary branches of CuP) are aligned with the specular veins. Lanceolated cell absent. cua-m absent, although CuA slightly sinuous as in Notocearagryllus. The wide area filled with parallel cross-veins below the speculum is absent. CuA with several secondary branches, converging towards the costal area. Cryptocearagryllus n. gen. shares morphological characteristics with Notocearagryllus (the area below the speculum totally filled by perpendicular cross-veins) as well as Allocearagryllus (d 1 deflected to the speculum), and Cearagryllus (CuP and 1 A at the chords slightly curved). Cryptocearagryllus n. gen. differs from Cearagryllus as well as Notocearagryllus in lacking a d 2 deflection to CuA and in the speculum shape (rather trapezoidal in Cearagryllus and Notocearagryllus, square-rounded in Cryptocearagryllus n. gen. and Allocearagryllus), and by the absence of a wide area filled with long cross-veins below the speculum. Cryptocearagryllus n. gen. differs from Allocearagryllus in having a notably long d 1 (short in Allocearagryllus) and d 2 just slightly curved (strongly curved in Allocearagryllus). The CuP secondary branches aligned with the specular crossveins (apomorphic) and several CuA secondary branches (plesiomorphic) are morphological characters unique to Cryptocearagryllus., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1999) A new subfamily of Baissogryllidae Gorochov from Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Northeast Brazil. Proceedings of the I International Paleoentomological Conference, Moscow, pp. 91 - 97."]}

Cearagrylloides perforatorius Martins-Neto, n. comb. (Pl. IIB; Figs. 2 A, D, H.) 1. Cearagryllus perforatorius Martins-Neto, 1991. Specimens included. CV- 6015 (holotype), DGM- 6281 (paratype), CD-I- 41, CV- 1020, and the supplementary material originally included, RGMN- 662, CV- 6015, CV- 2429, and RGMN- 901. Additional specimens included. CV- 1980, RGMN- 506, and RGMN- 507. Specimens excluded. CV- 1699, RGMN- 203, CD-I- 123, and CV- 257. Emended diagnosis. Females with robust body, varying from 29 to 32 mm length; fore wing length varying from 28 to 32 mm; ovipositor length varying from 32 to 36 mm. Ovipositor 1.1 times longer than the body and/or the fore wing length. Relatively large and dorsally rounded head. Fore wing about three times longer than wide; ScP sigmoid, distally converging towards the costal margin and notably thickened basally; R parallel to ScP. MP two-branched; around nine MP 2 secondary branches. r-m present, connecting R to MA. Discussion. Following the examination of new supplementary material (especially well-preserved wings), several apomorphies of this species can be recognized, such as the sigmoid ScP, thickened at its base, as well as the presence of r-m, confirmed in all observed specimens. Description (supplementary material RGMN- 506). Body and forewing length 32 mm. Ovipositor length as preserved 32 mm (total length ca. 36 mm). Fore tibia smooth with a relatively long apical spur. Fore wing (Fig. 3 A) three times longer than wide, with wide costal area, narrowing towards the apex, filled by rather long cross-veins and accessory veinlets forming a mosaic of heterogeneous cells. ScP sigmoid, thickened at its base, converging towards the costal margin around a quarter wing-length from the apex. R parallel to ScP. M three-branched. Presence of r-m connecting R to MA, situated at the mid length of the wing. At least nine MP 2 secondary branches, all connected by cross-veins, forming a mosaic of heterogeneous cells. Remarks. The specimen CV- 1980, an isolated fore wing, was figured by Martins-Neto (1991) as belonging to Cearagryllus poliacanthus. Its wing venation is, in fact, virtually identical to that of Cearagrylloides perforatorius Martins-Neto (1991), to which species it is now transferred. The specimen CV- 257 does not exhibit sufficient diagnostic characters to be included in the species, being now considered Cearagrylloides sp., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162."]}

Santanagryllus hesselae Martins-Neto, 1991 Holotype. GP/ 1 T- 1681, housed at Universidade S��o Paulo, USP. Locus and Stratum-typicum. As for Castillogryllus complicatus Martins-Neto, 1991., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162."]}

Cearagrylloides Martins-Neto n. gen. Etymology. A quite Cearagryllus. Type species. Cearagryllus perforatorius Martins-Neto, 1991, designated here. Diagnosis (female). Robust cearagryllids with relatively small head. forewing length equal to the body length; ovipositor long and setiform, longer than the forewing/body length. Discussion. The Araripe female cearagryllines, although reasonably similar to the male ones, cannot be confidently placed in any of the genera Cearagryllus, Notocearagryllus, Allocearagryllus or Cryptocearagryllus. The generic separation is necessary, although artificial, to prevent mistakes of interpretation. The new genus is useful for paleoecological purposes, as discussed below., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162."]}

Paracearagryllus poliacanthus Martins-Neto n. comb. (Figs. 2 C, J, K) 1. Cearagryllus poliacanthus Martins-Neto, 1991 Specimens included. CD-I- 69 (holotype), CV- 558, CV- 1989, and CV- 2335. New material. RGMN- 504. Description. (RGMN- 504, female). Body length as preserved 13.6 mm. Body relatively stunted, with the last segments concentric. Ovipositor relatively short, lance-like, 11 mm long. Fore wing as preserved 12.9 mm long, with costal area wider at the wing base, narrowing towards the apex and filled with long and pectinate cross-veins. ScP long, slightly curved, deflecting distally (probably a taphonomic deformation of the wing). R parallel and close to ScP. MA with three secondary branches: MA 1 origin at the wing mid length. MP with at least ten oblique secondary branches. Cubital and anal area filled by at least six secondary branches, with the proximal one (Cubital) reaching the posterior margin at the mid length of the wing., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162."]}

Paracearagryllus Martins-Neto, n. gen. Etymology. Quite Cearagryllus. Type species. Cearagryllus poliacanthus Martins-Neto, 1991, designated here. Diagnosis. Females. Body relatively robust, length not exceeding 20 mm. Ovipositor length around 10 mm, thin and delicate. Hind tibia bearing relatively long spines. Fore wing with ScP long, slightly curved, not thickened; R parallel to ScP, three-branched; r-m present, close to the wing base. Discussion. Paracearagryllus Martins-Neto, n. gen. shares morphological characteristics of the three described species of Cearagrylloides n. gen.: from C. perforatorius the curved ScP and R; from C. microcephalus, the origin of MP close to the wing base and distally branched, and from C. previstus, the small body length. P. poliacanthus differs from C. perforatorius in the lack of a sigmoid ScP which is not thickened at its base (the P. poliacanthus curvature of ScP is probably a preservational distortion); differs from C. microcephalus in having MA two-branched, branching at the mid length of the wing (just a distal branch in C. microcephalus), and differs from C. previstus in having a notably smaller body size and the wings as long as the body. Paracearagryllus poliacanthus also differs from all three species in having a small ovipositor (around 60 % of the body length) and a greater number of cubital secondary branches., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1991) Sistematica dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 32 (14), 3 - 162."]}

Notocearagryllus dutrae Martins-Neto, 1999 (Pl. IB; Fig. 1 A) Holotype. RGMN-T019, housed in the Martins-Neto Collection, Sociedade Brasileira de Paleoartropodologia, SBPr, Ribeir��o Preto, SP., Brazil, by original designation. Locus and Stratum-typicum. Outcrop at Mina Pedra Branca, 4 km from the municipality of Nova Olinda, Cear�� State, Northeast Brazil. Upper part of the Crato Member, laminated limestone level, lowest unit of the Santana Formation, Early Cretaceous (Upper Aptian), Araripe Basin., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1999) A new subfamily of Baissogryllidae Gorochov from Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Northeast Brazil. Proceedings of the I International Paleoentomological Conference, Moscow, pp. 91 - 97."]}

Castillogryllus complicatus Martins-Neto, 1995 Holotype. CV- 2835, Vulcano private collection, by original designation. Locus and Stratum-typicum. Tatajuba Farm, near Santana do Cariri municipality, Cear�� State, Northeast Brazil. Upper part of the Crato Member, laminated limestone level, lowest unit of the Santana Formation, Early Cretaceous (Upper Aptian), Araripe Basin. Remarks. The placement of this species in the subfamily Baissogryllinae Gorochov is based on plesiomorphic characters: lanceolated cell present; CuA unbranched; speculum trapezoidal with indistinct number of specular veins (more than three); diagonal vein not deflected., Published as part of Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia & Tassi, Lara Vaz, 2009, The Orthoptera (Ensifera) from the Santana formation (Early Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil): A statistical and paleoecological approach, with description of new taxa, pp. 21-37 in Zootaxa 2080 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187344, {"references":["Martins-Neto, R. G. (1995) Complementos ao Estudo Sobre os Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroidea) da Formacao Santana, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 39 (2), 321 - 345."]}

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas suplementadas com monensina ou produtos à base de própolis, nas populações de protozoários ciliados no rúmen de bovinos (Bos taurus) e bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis). Quatro bovinos da raça Holandesa e quatro búfalos da raça Murrah adultos, fistulados no rúmen, foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino (4x4). A dieta constituiu-se de 50% de silagem de milho e 50% de concentrado à base de milho em grãos e farelo de soja, com adição de monensina sódica ou aditivo à base de própolis LLOSA2 ou LLOSC1. As amostras do conteúdo ruminal foram coletadas duas horas após a alimentação. O gênero Entodinium foi o mais representativo em todos os tratamentos, para ambas as raças de ruminantes. Em búfalos, foi observado o efeito redutor do tratamento LLOSC1 nas populações do gênero Entodinium, além do efeito redutor dos tratamentos monensina e LLOSA2 sobre os gêneros da subfamília Diplodiniinae. A média de ciliados foi maior em bubalinos (56x10(4) mL-1) do que em bovinos (26x10(4) mL-1). Houve aumento do pH ruminal dos bovinos no tratamento com monensina. O extrato de própolis LLOSC1 reduziu os ciliados do rúmen em bubalinos. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with monensin or with extracts of propolis, on the population of ciliate protozoa in the rumen of cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Four Holstein cattle and four Murrah buffalo, fistulated in the rumen, were distributed in 4x4 Latin square design. The diet was constituted by 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate based on corn grain and soybean meal, and the supplementation of monensin sodium or propolis extracts LLOSA2 or LLOSC1. Samples of ruminal contents were collected two hours after feeding. The genus Entodinium was the most common in all treatments for both cattle and buffalo. The LLOSC1 treatment reduced the populations of the genus Entodinium in buffalo. Monensin sodium and LLOSA2 reduced protozoa of the genera of the Diplodiniinae subfamily in buffalo. The average concentration of ciliates was higher in buffalo (56x10(4) mL-1) than in cattle (26x10(4) mL-1). There was ruminal pH increase in cattle treated with monensin. The LLOSC1 propolis extract reduced rumen ciliates in buffalo.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:19:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:31:59Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:31:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 This is a report about the second occurrence and description of the third specimen of Stratiotosuchus maxhechti (Baurusuchidae, Crocodyliformes) from the Bauru Basin, Upper Cretaceous of southeastern Brazil. The material was found in the typical reddish, fine-grained sandstone from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Monte Alto County, São Paulo State. These strata are considered to be Campanian-Maastrichtian in age. It is the second skull of Stratiotosuchus maxhechti recovered where the choanal region and the skull-mandible articulation is preserved. The holotype of this species comes from the Adamantina Formation from southwestern São Paulo State, while this new specimen comes from its northern-central region, making possible biocbronological and paleoccological correlations among different geographically distant stratigraphic horizons within the Bauru Basin. The main osteologic contributions from this new specimen are the surangular taking part in the skull/mandible articulation and the presence of a relatively well-preserved choanal region, which are not seen in the holotype, furthering the knowledge of Stratiotosuchus maxhechti. Based on the features of this new specimen, an emended diagnosis is provided. UNESP, DGA, Campus Rio Claro, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP UNESP, DGA, Campus Rio Claro, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP

En la Cuenca Bermejo, la Formación Los Rastros es portadora de una abundante fauna de insectos, principalmente organismos adultos terrestres y alados pertenecientes a los órdenes Blattoptera y Coleoptera. Los restos de insectos son encontrados en las pelitas negras de la facies de lago abierto. Las características tafonómicas de los insectos sugieren que los especímenes son alóctonos al lago. Los individuos pudieron llegar vivos al lago y sufrir una rápida caída a través de la columna de agua, preservándose intactos, o sufrieron fragmentación en el transporte aéreo y por ataques biológicos durante largos períodos de flotación. In the Bermejo Basin, the Los Rastros Formation bears an abundant insect fauna, mainly of terrestrial winged adult organisms related to the Blattoptera and the Coleoptera orders. The insect remains are found in the black shales of the offshore lacustrine facies and their taphonomic features suggest that the specimens were allochthonous to the lake. The individuals appear to arrived alive to the lake and had a rapid fall trough the water column, thus, they are preserved intact. In contrast, some of them may have suffered fragmentation in air traspontation and/or biological attack during long periods of flotation. Fil: Mancuso, Adriana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Gallego, Oscar Florencio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Brasil

A new concept, thanatoethology, is proposed and several peculiarities of the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Northeast Brazil) taphocenosis are analysed. Thanatoethology refers to the identification, interpretation and study of a specific behaviour performed by an organism moments before its definitive death, and also before the beginning of the fossilization process. This behaviour expresses agony, often due to asphyxia in land, air or water, and can be expressed in fossils as well as ichnofossils. The death behaviour in several cases can be associated with a mass mortality event and can be an extremely useful tool for paleoecological and paleoethological analysis. The identification of this paleobehaviour can be extracted from morphological traits preserved in the fossils, and some examples are furnished here Propõe-se um novo conceito, Tanatoetologia, e várias particularidades de tafocenose são analisadas na Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior, Nordeste do Brasil). A Tanatoetologia diz respeito à identificação, interpretação e estudo de um comportamento específico de um organismo momentos antes de sua morte definitiva e também antes do começo do processo de fossilização. O comportamento expressa agonia, freqüentemente devida a asfixia em terra, ar ou água, e pode estar expresso em fósseis e também em icnofósseis. O comportamento da morte em vários casos pode ser associado com evento de morte em massa e constituir uma ferramenta muito útil nas análises paleoecológicas e paleoetológicas. A identificação do paleocomportamento pode ser feita em tratos morfológicos preservados de fósseis e são apresentados alguns exemplos Fil: Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Gallego, Oscar Florencio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina

In this contribution several new fossil insect taxa of the orders Blattoptera, Miomoptera, Glosselytrodea, Auchenorrhyncha, and Coleoptera are described from the lower section of the Los Rastros Formation at the Los Chañares locality, La Rioja Province, Argentina. The formation is dated as early Late Triassic. A new subfamily, two new genera, and four new species are proposed: Miomina riojana n. sp. (Miomoptera), Chanarelytrina nana n. gen. n. sp. (Glosselytrodea), Chanarescytina carmonae n. gen. n. sp. (Auchenorrhyncha, Scytinopteridae, Saaloscytininae n. subfam.) and Argentinosyne bonapartei n. sp. (Coleoptera, Permosynidae). Additionally, the previously described species from the upper section of the Los Rastros Formation are now also recorded at the Los Chañares locality: Condorblatta lutzae Martins-Neto & Gallego, in press (Blattoptera, Argentinoblattidae) and Argentinocupes pulcher Martins-Neto & Gallego, in press (Coleoptera, Cupedidae). En esta contribución se describen nuevos insectos fósiles de los órdenes Blattoptera, Miomoptera, Glosselytrodea, Auchenorrhyncha, y Coleoptera de la sección inferior de la Formación Los Rastros, en la localidad Los Chañares, Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina. Esta formación fue datada como del Triásico Tardía temprano. Se proponen una nueva subfamilia, dos géneros nuevos, y cuatro nuevas especies a saber: Miomina riojana n. sp. (Miomoptera), Chanarelytrina nana n. gen. n. sp. (Glosselytrodea), Chanarescytina carmonae n. gen. n. sp. (Auchenorrhyncha, Scytinopteridae, Saaloscytininae n. subfam.), y Argentinosyne bonapartei n. sp. (Coleoptera, Permosynidae). Adicionalmente algunas especies previamente descritas para la sección superior de la Formación Los Rastros, son reportados para la localidad Los Chañares: Condorblatta lutzae MARTINS-NETO & GALLEGO, in press (Blattoptera, Argentinoblattidae) and Argentinocupes pulcher MARTINS-NETO & GALLEGO, in press (Coleoptera, Cupedidae). Fil: Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Brauckmann, C.. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie; Alemania Fil: Gallego, Oscar Florencio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Carmona, María J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina

The distribution (time-space) of conchostracan across the Brazilian geological column is here analysed, and the potential application to the stratigraphical and paleogeographical correlations is proposed. The Jurassic-Cretaceous conchostracan faunas are briefly revised from the taxonomic point of view, including their problems, collecting problems and stratigraphical distribution. Such aim of the study is based on the faunal similarities, and also that there are many species in common across both periods. As previously reported by different authors, there are close relationships between Brazilian and Central African faunas, now tentatively extended to Venezuela and southern South America. Likewise, relationships between Chinese and West Gondwanan faunas are confirmed. Seven conchostracan assemblages based in their biochron are proposed and compared with the Jurassic-Cretaceous conchostracan assemblages from China and other regions Se analiza la distribución de los conchostracos (en tiempo y espacio) a través de la columna geológica de Brasil y se propone su potencial aplicación a las correlaciones estratigráficas y paleogeográficas. Las faunas de conchostracos Jurásico-Cretácicos se revisan brevemente desde el punto de vista taxonómico, incluyendo sus problemáticas, problemas de colección y su distribución estratigráfica. El objetivo de este trabajo se basa en las semejanzas faunísticas y en las abundantes especies en común entre ambos períodos geológicos. Como fuera previamente reportado por diferentes autores, las estrechas relaciones existentes entre las faunas de Brasil y del centro de África, se extiende tentativamente hasta Venezuela y el extremo sur de America del Sur. Igualmente, se confirman propuestas previas sobre las relaciones entre las faunas de China y del Oeste de Gondwana. En forma tentativa, se proponen siete asociaciones de conchostracos basados en su biocrón. Se comparan las asociaciones propuestas con aquellas del Jurásico-Cretácico de China y de otras regiones. Fil: Gallego, Oscar Florencio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina Fil: Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais; Brasil

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Os artrópodos constituem um grupo que possui um extenso registro fossilífero e hoje constitui o grupo mais abundante e diverso dos animais terrestres. Suas pistas fossilizadas, aliadas a estudos geológicos, fornecem dados importantes para estudos paleoecológicos. Através da análise da oscilação da densidade de icnofósseis ao longo dos horizontes do Parque do Varvito (Município de Itu – SP) foram realizadas inferências sobre a história geológica da área, sobre a população de artrópodos que provavelmente ali viveu e sobre as condições ambientais que a circundava. Para isso foram utilizadas metodologias como a do esquadrinhamento para obter informações a respeito da densidade e direcionamento das pistas e experimentos com a finalidade de reproduzir as pistas em condições semelhantes aquelas encontrados no parque. Além disso, foi realizada uma classificação icnotaxonômica das pistas e sua atribuição a diplópodos (Myriapoda) terrestres. A contextualização da análise tafonômica com a história deposicional do Parque do Varvito levou a conclusão de que os miriápodos, de hábitos terrestres, habitavam uma área de inundações cíclicas e, conseqüentemente, passavam por condições de estresse ambiental no verão, quando a área recebia o afluxo da água de degelo de uma geleira localizada a uma distância relativamente grande da região do Parque durante o Carbonífero. A condição de estresse ambiental para esta fauna, que poderia ou não causar episódios de mortalidade, ocorria em função de uma fina lâmina d’água que provinha da geleira. Pelo fato das pistas estarem com direcionamento preferencial, pode-se inferir que esses animais fugiam das inundações durante o verão (condição estressante), cujo fluxo de água teria provavelmente uma orientação similar. Considerando as evidências da influência periglacial e o aporte da água de degelo, o frio intenso poderia ter levado ao congelamento dos solos no ambiente terrestre, gerando ambientes subaquáticos rasos, bem como a formação de capas de gelo, o que dificultaria as trocas gasosas e a obtenção de nutrientes. As pistas também apresentam formas circulares e semicirculares que foram interpretadas como marcas de agonia do animal sob situação de estresse, corroborando a reconstrução paleoecológica inferida no presente estudo. The arthropods represent the most extensive fossil register and the most abundant and diverse group of all terrestrial animals. Their track and trails provide important data for the study of this group evolution besides helping understanding their diversity and modern distribution. By analyzing the oscillation of the density of ichnofossils along the horizons of Varvito´s Park (Itu – SP), were made inferences about the geological history of the area, the population of arthropods that probably lived there and on the environmental conditions that surrounded them. For the analysis of the density and direction of the tracks, the methodology used was the esquadrinhamento. Also, an experiment was conducted in order to replicate the tracks in similar conditions to those found in the Park during the Carboniferous. It was made a taxonomic classification of the tracks and they were assigned to terrestrial diplopods (Myriapoda). The contextualization of the taphonomic analysis and the depositional history of Varvito´s Park led to the conclusion that myriapods, which have terrestrial habits, inhabited an area of cyclic flooding and therefore experienced environmental stress conditions in the summer, when the area received an influx of meltwater from a glacier located at a relatively long distance of the Park during the Carboniferous. The condition of environmental stress for this fauna, which may or may not cause episodes of mortality, was taking place due to the a thin sheet of water that came from the glacier. Because the tracks were in a preferred direction, one can infer that these animals got away from floods during the summer (stressful condition), which flow of water would probably have a reverse orientation. Considering the evidences of periglacial influence and the outflow of meltwater, the cold might have led to the freezing of soils in the terrestrial environment, creating shallow underwater environments, as well as the formation of ice sheets, thereby impeding gas exchange and the obtainment of nutrients. The tracks also present circular and semi-circular forms and have been interpreted as marks of animals’ agony under stressed conditions, corroborating the paleoecological reconstruction inferred.

A paleontologia do Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida principalmente pelos estudos de materiais triássicos que começaram no século passado, com as expedições de Von Huene e Price nas décadas de 20 e 40, por exemplo. Desde então novos afloramentos são constantemente descobertos e nestes, destaca-se uma variada paleofauna. Nesta paleofauna, os arcossauros, rincossauros, cinodontes, dicinodontes e procolofonídeos são os grupos mais representativos e mais estudados, com enfoque principalmente na sua morfologia, sistemática e evolução. Entretanto, pouca atenção é dada aos aspectos paleoecológicos destes grupos. Assim, este trabalho visa descrever a tafonomia e caracterizar a paleoecologia de três sítios fossilíferos do Triássico Médio do Rio Grande do Sul – Cortado, Linha Várzea e Picada do Gama. A partir da integração de dados obtidos do material coletado até o momento pode se chegar a algumas conclusões específicas sobre cada assembléia, bem como sobre a representatividade paleoecológica destas para o período temporal que compreende a Cenozona de Therapsida. A quantificação e caracterização tafonômica dos elementos ósseos e coprólitos tiveram um importante papel para a diagnose das assembléias estudadas, visto que representaram tanto a paleofauna quanto às características paleoambientais da época. Inferiu-se que a mortandade ocorrente nos sítios estudados foi natural (doença ou predação) e as assembléias formaram-se por eventos de sedimentação gradual, permitindo: a preservação de diferentes estágios ontogenéticos e de icnofósseis característicos de diferentes grupos e condições ambientais, bem como a preservação de características aleoclimatológicas do local. O Sítio Cortado e Linha Várzea representam assembléias autóctones, enquanto o Sítio Picada do Gama apresenta assembléia para-autóctone com alguns elementos bem preservados autóctones. Os Sítios Linha Várzea e Cortado são característicos de planícies de inundação e o Sítio Picada da Gama é característico de depósito de canal. Os padrões de fragmentação e o alto nível de desarticulação dos fósseis indicam período prolongado de exposição ao intemperismo e alterações eodiagenéticas. As proporções de herbívoros e carnívoros presentes em todos afloramentos indicam que os padrões de controle trófico de cadeias alimentares já apresentavam modelos complexos bem estabelecidos baseados em grandes biomassas de herbívoros sustentando carnívoros de topo. Na Cenozona de Therapsida, a base das cadeias alimentares se dava pela presença de dicinodontes como consumidores primários (herbívoros) e arcossauros no topo (carnívoros). Os cinodontes, apesar de apresentarem especializações alimentares, não foram atribuídos a nenhuma posição na cadeia, pois de acordo com a disponibilidade de alimentos, esses animais seriam menos seletivos, e, dependendo da época do ano, poderiam se comportar como oportunistas, ocupando diversas posições dentro das cadeias alimentares. The paleontology of the Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, is known mainly by the studies of Triassic materials that had initiated in the beginning of the 20th century with the expeditions of Von Huene and Price in the decades of 20 and 40, respectively. Since then, new outcrops constantly are discovered, some of them with a rich paleofauna. In this paleofauna, the archosaurs, rhynchosaurs, cynodonts, dicynodonts and procolophonids are the most representative and more studied groups, mainly in its morphology, systematic and evolution. However, little attention is given to the paleoecological aspects of these groups. Thus, this work aims to describe the taphonomy and the paleoecology of three outcrops of the Middle Triassic of the RS – Cortado, Linha Várzea and Picada do Gama. By integrating the material collected until the moment, some specific conclusions for each assembly can be achieved, as well as on the paleoecological representation of these for the time period that contains the Therapsida Cenozone. The quantification and taphonomical characterization of the bones and coprolites had an important role for diagnosing the studied outcrops, as they record both paleofaunistic and paleoenvironmental features. The mortality of the studied outcrops was natural (disease or predation) and the assemblies had formed through time, allowing the preservation of: different ontogenetical stages; ichnofossils of different groups and environmental conditions; and paleoclimatological features of the place. The Cortado and Linha Várzea outcrops represent autochthonous assemblages while the Picada do Gama outcrop presents a para-autochthonous assemblage, with some well preserved autochthonous elements. The Cortado and Linha Várzea outcrops are characteristic of distal flooding plains and the Picada do Gama outcrop records both channel deposits and proximal flooding plain facies. The pattern of fossil fragmentation and the high level of disarticulation indicate a prolonged period of exposition to weathering and superficial eodiagenetic alterations. The rate of herbivorous and carnivores in all outcrops indicate that the patterns of trophic control of the food chains already showed complex models, established in great biomasses of herbivorous supporting carnivorous on top. In the Therapsida Cenozone, the food chains bases are represented by first-level consumer dicynodonts (herbivorous) and archosaurs in the top (carnivorous). Cynodonts, although presenting food specializations, had not been attributed to any position in the chain, as these animals would be less selective, and depending on the time of the year, they could behave as opportunists, occupying diverse positions inside of the food chains.