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Résumé La colonisation fongique est fréquente chez les prématurés. Nous avons souhaité décrire les caractéristiques de la colonisation fongique chez des prématurés hospitalisés. De mars 2012 à janvier 2013, une étude épidémiologique prospective a été menée chez 57 prématurés pesant moins de 1500 grammes. Des prélèvements mycologiques cutanés, digestifs, respiratoires et urinaires ont été effectués à l’admission, puis une fois par semaine durant quatre semaines. La prévalence de la colonisation fongique a été de 68 % (39/57). Ainsi, 46 % des patients ont été colonisés par Malassezia species, 28 % par Candida parapsilosis , 19 % par C. albicans , 5 % par C. glabrata et 2 % par C. guillermondii . Chez les patients colonisés, les durées d’alimentation parentérale et d’antibiothérapie étaient supérieures aux autres ( p < 0,05). Le taux de colonisation secondaire (après 2 j de vie) a été de 52 % : Malassezia species et C. parapsilosis , levures commensales de la peau, ont été le plus souvent responsables de cette colonisation. Il y a eu 49 % (28/57) de suspicions d’infections fongiques invasives qui ont bénéficié d’un traitement probabiliste. Un cas d’infection fongique invasive à C. glabrata a été diagnostiqué. Cette étude souligne le rôle prépondérant de la transmission nosocomiale (notamment par manuportage) dans la colonisation des prématurés. La surveillance mycologique est essentielle pour connaître l’évolution de l’écologie d’un service et participe à la prévention de la colonisation des nouveau-nés à risque d’infection fongique invasive. Summary Fungal colonization is a common occurrence in preterm neonates. Our objective was to describe the profile and characteristics of fungal colonization in preterm infants admitted to the Martinique NICU. From March 2012 to January 2013, an epidemiological prospective cohort study was conducted with 57 very low-birth-weight infants. Cutaneous, rectal, gastric, respiratory, and urinary swabs were collected on admission, then every week for 4 weeks. The prevalence of fungal colonization was 68% (39/57): 46% by Malassezia species, 28% by Candida parapsilosis , 19% by C. albicans , 5% by C. glabrata , and 2% by C. guilliermondii . The colonized patients had a duration of parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy longer than the others ( P < 0.05). Nosocomial colonization (after 2 days of life) occurred in 52% of cases: Malassezia species and C. parapsilosis were the commensal skin yeasts most frequently implicated. Forty-nine percent (28/57) had suspected invasive fungal infections that received probabilistic treatment. Only one case of invasive fungal infection with C. glabrata was diagnosed. This study highlights the important role played by nosocomial transmission in the colonization of preterm newborns. Mycological surveillance cultures in the NICU are very useful for monitoring fungal ecology and can improve the prevention of fungal colonization in preterm infants at risk of invasive fungal infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the knowledge about S. capitis in the neonatal setting, we conducted a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) covering 56.6% of French NICU beds. We demonstrated 14.2% of S. capitis BSI (S.capBSI) among nosocomial BSIs. S.capBSI incidence rate was 0.59 per 1000 patient-days. A total of 55.0% of the S.capBSIs were late onset catheter-related BSIs. The S. capitis strains infected preterm babies (median gestational age 26 weeks, median birth weight 855 g). They were resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides and belonged to the NRCS-A clone. Evolution was favorable in all but one case, following vancomycin treatment.

Fungal colonization is a common occurrence in preterm neonates. Our objective was to describe the profile and characteristics of fungal colonization in preterm infants admitted to the Martinique NICU. From March 2012 to January 2013, an epidemiological prospective cohort study was conducted with 57 very low-birth-weight infants. Cutaneous, rectal, gastric, respiratory, and urinary swabs were collected on admission, then every week for 4 weeks. The prevalence of fungal colonization was 68% (39/57): 46% by Malassezia species, 28% by Candida parapsilosis, 19% by C. albicans, 5% by C. glabrata, and 2% by C. guilliermondii. The colonized patients had a duration of parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy longer than the others (P<0.05). Nosocomial colonization (after 2 days of life) occurred in 52% of cases: Malassezia species and C. parapsilosis were the commensal skin yeasts most frequently implicated. Forty-nine percent (28/57) had suspected invasive fungal infections that received probabilistic treatment. Only one case of invasive fungal infection with C. glabrata was diagnosed. This study highlights the important role played by nosocomial transmission in the colonization of preterm newborns. Mycological surveillance cultures in the NICU are very useful for monitoring fungal ecology and can improve the prevention of fungal colonization in preterm infants at risk of invasive fungal infection., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Bisphosphonates are indicated for the treatment of bone lesions in patients with solid tumours or multiple myeloma. Bisphosphonates have proven their effectiveness in reducing the number of bone complications (hypercalcemia, pain, disease-related fractures, spinal cord compression) and delaying their occurrence in patients with bone tumours; they have also been shown to reduce the need for bone surgery and palliative or pain-relieving radiotherapy in these patients. International recommendations for the treatment of bone lesions related to malignant solid tumours and multiple myeloma have been established. We have elaborated clinical practice guidelines on the use of bisphosphonates to assist treatment decision-making in bone oncology. The guide contains decision trees and tables with information to guide pre-treatment evaluation and patient follow-up, as well as indications and conditions of use of bisphosphonates. In 2007, the regional cancer network of Rhône-Alpes, ONCORA, formed a working group (GIP ONCORA) to elaborate the guideline. The final version was then discussed and adopted at a plenary session in July 2009, during a collaborative workshop on supportive care recommendations organized by ONCORA and the regional cancer network of Lorraine., (Copyright © 2011 Société nationale française de médecine interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

Plant intoxications account for 5% of all intoxication cases according to French anti-poison centers. We report an uncommon case of intoxication with deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) in a 2-year-old child. The child presented at the ER with an atropinic syndrome, both central and peripheral, after ingestion of wild berries a few hours before. The fruit and leaves brought in by the mother allowed the anti-poison center to identify belladonna, in agreement with clinical findings. The child was kept in the intensive care unit for 48 h and progression was favorable with symptomatic treatment., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)