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Introduction: Glucose homeostasis may be dependent on liver conditions and influence health-related markers and quality of life (QoL) objective measurements. This study aimed to analyze the interactions of glycemia with liver and health status in a prediabetic population. Subjects and methods: This study included 2220 overweight/obese prediabetics from the multinational PREVIEW project. Anthropometrics; clinical, metabolic and other health-related markers; and QoL variables were analyzed. Univariate and multilinear-adjusted regression models were run to explain the interrelationships and effect modification between glycemia, health-related QoL (applying SF-12) and metabolic/liver health (using the HSI, a putative marker of fatty liver). Results: Relevant age/sex interactions were found concerning the levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, C peptide and transaminases in this prediabetic population. Multivariate models identified age, sex, glucose, WC and QoL as important predictors of HSI variability (adj. R value = 0.1393, p < 0.001), whereas the QoL status was statistically related to age, sex, HOMA-IR and HSI (adj. R value = 0.1130, p < 0.001) in this glycemia-impaired group. Furthermore, the QoL values declined with increased HSI scores, where a significant interaction was found (p = 0.011) when the data were analyzed when comparing lower glycemia vs. higher glycemia in prediabetics. Indeed, an effect modification was featured depending on the glycemia levels concerning the QoL and HSI worsening. Conclusion: Glycemia associations with the QoL status and liver metabolism markers were evidenced, with clinical implications for diabetes and liver disease precision management given the modification of the QoL outcomes depending on the liver status and glycemia concentrations. Notably, independent associations of circulating glucose with age, sex, adiposity, inflammation and C peptide levels were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes (PreDM) and Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) share pathophysiological pathways concerning type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset. The non‐invasive assessment of fatty liver combined with PreDM and MetS features screening might provide further accuracy in predicting hyperglycemic status in the clinical setting with the putative description of singular phenotypes. The objective of the study is to evaluate and describe the links of a widely available FLD surrogate ‐the non‐invasive serological biomarker Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI)‐ with previously described T2DM risk predictors, such as preDM and MetS in forecasting T2DM onset. Patients and methods: A retrospective ancillary cohort study was performed on 2799 patients recruited in the Vascular‐Metabolic CUN cohort. The main outcome was the incidence of T2DM according to ADA criteria. MetS and PreDM were defined according to ATP III and ADA criteria, respectively. Hepatic steatosis index (HSI) with standardized thresholds was used to discriminate patients with FLD, which was referred as estimated FLD (eFLD). Results: MetS and PreDM were more common in patients with eFLD as compared to those with an HSI < 36 points (35% vs 8% and 34% vs. 18%, respectively). Interestingly, eFLD showed clinical effect modification with MetS and PreDM in the prediction of T2DM [eFLD‐MetS interaction HR = 4.48 (3.37‐5.97) and eFLD‐PreDM interaction HR = 6.34 (4.67‐8.62)]. These findings supported the description of 5 different liver status‐linked phenotypes with increasing risk of T2DM: Control group (1,5% of T2DM incidence), eFLD patients (4,4% of T2DM incidence), eFLD and MetS patients (10,6% of T2DM incidence), PreDM patients (11,1% of T2DM incidence) and eFLD and PreDM patients (28,2% of T2DM incidence). These phenotypes provided independent capacity of prediction of T2DM incidence after adjustment for age, sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, obesity and number of SMet features with a c‐Harrell=0.84. Conclusion: Estimated Fatty Liver Disease using HSI criteria (eFLD) interplay with MetS features and PreDM might help to discriminate patient risk of T2DM in the clinical setting through the description of independent metabolic risk phenotypes. [Correction added on 15 June 2023, after first online publication: The abstract section was updated in this current version.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prospect of eliminating malaria is challenged by emerging insecticide resistance and vectors with outdoor and/or crepuscular activity. Ivermectin can simultaneously tackle these issues by killing mosquitoes feeding on treated animals and humans. A single oral dose, however, confers only short-lived mosquitocidal plasma levels. Methods: Three different slow-release formulations of ivermectin were screened for their capacity to sustain mosquito-killing levels of ivermectin for months. Thirty rabbits received a dose of one, two or three silicone implants containing different proportions of ivermectin, deoxycholate and sucrose. Animals were checked for toxicity and ivermectin was quantified periodically in blood. Potential impact of corresponding long-lasting formulation was mathematically modelled. Results: All combinations of formulation and dose released ivermectin for more than 12 weeks; four combinations sustained plasma levels capable of killing 50% of Anopheles gambiae feeding on a treated subject for up to 24 weeks. No major adverse effects attributable to the drug were found. Modelling predicts a 98% reduction in infectious vector density by using an ivermectin formulation with a 12-week duration. Conclusions: These results indicate that relatively stable mosquitocidal plasma levels of ivermectin can be safely sustained in rabbits for up to six months using a silicone-based subcutaneous formulation. Modifying the formulation of ivermectin promises to be a suitable strategy for malaria vector control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adequate intake of vitamin D through diet may offer benefits in terms of body composition., Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between dietary vitamin D intake and changes in body composition in older adults over one and three years under the context of a weight loss and lifestyle behavioral intervention., Design: Longitudinal study., Setting: Multicenter., Participants: This longitudinal study included 715 aged participants (mean age 65.3 ± 5.0 years, 38% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome., Measurements: Multivariable-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to investigate the longitudinal associations between dietary vitamin D intake (exposure) and body composition (outcome) with available data at baseline, one, and three years of follow-up. Data on dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. Body composition variables (total body weight (kg), total fat mass (%), total lean mass (%), muscle-to-fat mass ratio, visceral adipose tissue (kg), and android-to-gynoid fat ratio) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry., Results: Higher dietary vitamin D intake (for each μg/day) was associated with higher total lean mass (β: 0.10 %; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.18; P: 0.017) and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (β: 1.00 × 10 -2 ; 95% CI: 0.22 × 10 -2 to 1.78 × 10 -2 ; P: 0.011), and lower total body weight (β: -0.20 kg; 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.05; P: 0.007), total fat mass (β: -0.11 %; 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.02; P: 0.015), and visceral adipose tissue (β: -1.74 × 10 -2 kg; 95% CI: -3.47 × 10 -2 to -0.01 × 10 -2 ; P: 0.048) at one year of follow-up in the group following the intervention in the multivariable-adjusted model., Conclusion: Dietary vitamin D intake was associated with better body composition changes in the context of a weight loss and lifestyle intervention which led to notable changes in body composition at short term., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no known financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)