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138 results on '"Martinez-Frias J"'

1. Overview of the LIFE fuel cycle

Author

Reyes S., Babineau D., Davis R., Taylor C., Anklam T., Dunne M., Flowers D., Gentile C., Latkowski J., Maroni V., Martinez-Frias J., Miles R., and Willms S.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) engine is a laser-driven inertial fusion energy system being developed with the goal to deliver fusion power in the next decade. A pre-conceptual design is being developed for the LIFE fuel cycle, with the purpose of maximizing the potential safety advantages of fusion energy. Some key features of the LIFE fuel cycle include a high tritium fuel burn-up fraction, a relatively high tritium breeding ratio, low tritium permeation from the coolant/breeder, and limited tritium inventories throughout the facility. The present paper offers an overview the pre-conceptual design of the LIFE fuel cycle, including a summary of the development plan for the delivery of the related tritium processing equipment.

Published
2013
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2. Multi-analytical characterization of an oncoid from a high altitude hypersaline lake using techniques employed in the Mars2020 and Rosalind Franklin missions on Mars

Author

Huidobro, J., Madariaga, J.M., Carrizo, D., Laserna, J.L., Rull, F., Martínez-Frías, J., Aramendia, J., Sánchez-García, L., García-Gómez, L., Vignale, F.A., Farías, M.E., Veneranda, M., Población, I., Cabalín, L.M., López-Reyes, G., Coloma, L., García-Florentino, C., Arana, G., Castro, K., Delgado, T., Álvarez-Llamas, C., Fortes, F.J., and Manrique, J.A.

Published
2023
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5. Definition and use of functional analogues in planetary exploration

Author

Foucher, F., Hickman-Lewis, K., Hutzler, A., Joy, K.H., Folco, L., Bridges, J.C., Wozniakiewicz, P., Martínez-Frías, J., Debaille, V., Zolensky, M., Yano, H., Bost, N., Ferrière, L., Lee, M., Michalski, J., Schroeven-Deceuninck, H., Kminek, G., Viso, M., Russell, S., Smith, C., Zipfel, J., and Westall, F.

Published
2021
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6. Environment and Sustainability

Author

Persson, E., Martínez-Frías, J., Milligan, T., Arnould, J., Kminek, G., Ratcliffe, Martin, Series Editor, Hillebrandt, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Inglis, Michael, Series Editor, Weintraub, David, Series Editor, Capova, Klara Anna, editor, Persson, Erik, editor, Milligan, Tony, editor, and Dunér, David, editor

Published
2018
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8. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Bernardi, P., Caïs, P., Robinson, S., Nelson, T., Gasnault, O., Reess, J.-M., Deleuze, M., Rull, F., Manrique, J.-A., Abbaki, S., Anderson, R. B., André, Y., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Battault, T., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Berthias, J.-P., Beyssac, O., Bonafous, M., Bousquet, B., Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro, K., Chapron, F., Chide, B., Clark, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Cloutis, E., Collin, C., Cordoba, E. C., Cousin, A., Dameury, J.-C., D’Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, L., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., De Los Santos, G., Donny, C., Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, M., Ervin, J., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, I., Gonzalez, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, J., Hassen-Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, X., Jacquinod, S., Johnson, J. R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N., Lapauw, L., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q.-M., Legett, IV, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Leyrat, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Lucero, B., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, S., Madsen, M., Mangold, N., Manni, F., Mariscal, J.-F., Martinez-Frias, J., Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, K. P., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, J. M., Mimoun, D., Misra, A., Montagnac, G., Montaron, C., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Mousset, V., Morizet, Y., Murdoch, N., Newell, R. T., Newsom, H., Nguyen Tuong, N., Ollila, A. M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, L., Parisot, J., Parot, Y., Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rambaud, D., Rapin, W., Romano, P., Roucayrol, L., Royer, C., Ruellan, M., Sandoval, B. F., Sautter, V., Schoppers, M. J., Schröder, S., Seran, H.-C., Sharma, S. K., Sobron, P., Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, V., Standarovsky, D., Storms, S., Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, P., and Wong, K. W.

Published
2021
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12. Principal component analysis on the supercam-libs spectra of rock targets in the first 640 sols in jezero crater

Author

Castro, K., Arana, G., Población, I., Clegg, S.M., Gibbons, E.F., Manrique, J.-A., Gasda, P., Udry, A., Aramendia, J., Madariaga, J.M., Veneranda, M., Anderson, R.B., López-Reyes, G., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Legett IV, C., Maurice, S., Ollila, A.M., Wiens, R.C., Beyssac, O., Brown, A.J., Clavé, E., Dehouck, E., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Lanza, N., Laserna, J., Martinez-Frias, J., Pilleri, P., Royer, C., Rull, F., Team, The Supercam, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Bioinformatique et BioPhysique [IMPMC] (IMPMC_BIBIP), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Lunar and Planetary Institute

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2023

14. A DELTA-LAKE SYSTEM AT JEZERO CRATER (MARS) FROM LONG DISTANCE OBSERVATIONS

Author

Sanjeev Gupta, Nicolas Mangold, Bell, Jim F., Olivier Gasnault, Tarnas, J. D., Sholes, S., Briony Horgan, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Brown, A., Stéphane Le Mouélic, Roberta Yingst, Olivier Beyssac, Bosak, T., Fred Calef, Gwénaël CARAVACA, Ehlmann, B., Kenneth Farley, Grotzinger, John P., Hickman-Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, Linda C., Kanine, M., Martinez-Frias, J., Mclennan, Scott M., Sylvestre Maurice, Nuñez, J., Ollila, A. M., Gerhard Paar, Paolo Pilleri, Rice, J., Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D., Katie Stack‐morgan, Vivian Sun, Treiman, Allan H., Weiss, B., Wiens, Roger C., Williams, A., Williams, N., Williford, Kenneth H., Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Lund University [Lund], Natural History Museum of Denmark, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), JHUAPL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Joanneum Research, College of Engineering and Science [Louisiana], Louisiana Tech University, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), and Lunar and Planetary Institute

Subjects
Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, sedimentolgoy, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Orbital and rover observations of relictgeomorphic features and stratigraphic architectures indicate Mars once had a warmer, wetter climate. Constraining the character, relative timing and persistence of ancient aqueous activity on Mars is possible through detailed interrogation of the stratal geometry of aqueously deposited sedimentary bodies. Such analyses inform interpretations of Martian climate evolution, potential habitability, and search strategies for rocks that might contain potential biosignatures. A prominent sedimentary fan deposit at the westernmargin of Jezero crater has been inferred to be a river delta that built into an ancient lake basin during the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian epochs on Mars (~3.6-3.8 Ga) [1, 2, 3]. The Perseverance rover landed on 18 February 2021 ~2.2 km from the western fan. During the early phase of mission investigations, highresolution images obtained from the Mastcam-Z camera and from the Remote Micro-Imager of the SuperCaminstrument provided the first ground-based observations of the western fan and an associated remnant outcrop, named Kodiak. Here, we report its sedimentology, which provide new constraints on the nature of the fan deposits, and their paleoenvironmental implications (4).

Published
2022

15. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIATIONS IN FLUVIAL INPUT WITHIN JEZERO CRATER FROM PERSEVERANCE ROVER OBSERVATIONS

Author

Nicolas Mangold, Sanjeev Gupta, Gwénaël CARAVACA, Olivier Gasnault, Gilles Dromart, Tarnas, J., Sholes, S., Horgan, B., Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Brown, A., Stéphane Le Mouélic, Yingst, R., Bell, J., Olivier Beyssac, Bosak, T., Calef, F., Ehlmann, B., Farley, K., Grotzinger, J., Hickman- Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, L., Martinez-Frias, J., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Nuñez, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Rice, J., Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D., Stack, K., Sun, V., Treiman, A., Weiss, B., Wiens, R., Williams, A., Williams, N., Williford, K., Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Plancius Research LLC, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Lund University [Lund], Natural History Museum of Denmark, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), JHUAPL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), College of Science & Engineering (College of Science & Engineering), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), and Lunar and Planetary Institute

Subjects
Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, sedimentology, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Perseverance rover landed on the floor of Jezero crater on 18 February 2021. The landing site, named “Octavia E. Butler” is located ~2.2 km from the SE-facing erosional scarp of the western fan deposits, which are of strong interest for the mission [1-2]. Images obtained using the Mastcam-Z camera and the Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) of the SuperCam instrument provided the first Mars ground-based observations of this western fan (Fig. 1). At the distance images were taken, the RMI images offer a pixel resolution of 2.2 cm, thus enabling identification of objects of typically 7-8 cm (3-4 pixels). Observations of the residual butte Kodiak confirmed the presence of a lake within Jezero crater, but also showed that the lake deduced from the deltaic architecture at Kodiak had a level ~100 m lower than expected (-2495/-2500 m), and was thus a closed system for a significant period [3]. In addition, the coarser deposits (boulder conglomerates and pebbly sandstones) observed near the top of all of the scarps are typical of fluvial floods with high energy, reflecting a change in hydrology of the fluvial system. Here, we focus on the hydrological characteristics of fluvial deposits observed within the scarps of the delta, both as topsets and as boulder conglomerates.

Published
2022

16. Homogeneity assessment of the SuperCam calibration targets onboard rover perseverance

Author

Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Aramendia Gutiérrez, Julene, Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Gómez Nubla, Leticia, Fernández Ortiz de Vallejuelo, Silvia, García-Florentino, Cristina, Maguregui Hernando, Maite, Manrique, José Antonio, Lopez-Reyes, G., Moros, J., Cousin, A., Maurice, S., Ollila, A.M., Wiens, R.C, Rull, F., Laserna, J., Garcia-Baonza, V., Madsen, M.B., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Clegg, S.M., Robinson, S., Bernardi, P., Brown, A.J., Caïs, P., Martinez-Frias, J., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bernt, M.H., Beyssac, O., Cloutis, E., Drouet, C., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J.R., Medina, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Montagnac, G., Sautter, V., Sharma, S.K., Veneranda, Marco, Williss, P.A., Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Aramendia Gutiérrez, Julene, Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Gómez Nubla, Leticia, Fernández Ortiz de Vallejuelo, Silvia, García-Florentino, Cristina, Maguregui Hernando, Maite, Manrique, José Antonio, Lopez-Reyes, G., Moros, J., Cousin, A., Maurice, S., Ollila, A.M., Wiens, R.C, Rull, F., Laserna, J., Garcia-Baonza, V., Madsen, M.B., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Clegg, S.M., Robinson, S., Bernardi, P., Brown, A.J., Caïs, P., Martinez-Frias, J., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bernt, M.H., Beyssac, O., Cloutis, E., Drouet, C., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J.R., Medina, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Montagnac, G., Sautter, V., Sharma, S.K., Veneranda, Marco, and Williss, P.A.

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument, onboard the Perseverance rover (Mars 2020 mission) is designed to perform remote analysis on the Martian surface employing several spectroscopic techniques such as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman (TRR), Time-Resolved Fluorescence (TRF) and Visible and Infrared (VISIR) reflectance. In addition, SuperCam also acquires high-resolution images using a color remote micro-imager (RMI) as well as sounds with its microphone. SuperCam has three main subsystems, the Mast Unit (MU) where the laser for chemical analysis and collection optics are housed, the Body Unit (BU) where the different spectrometers are located inside the rover, and the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT) located on the rover's deck to facilitate calibration tests at similar ambient conditions as the analyzed samples. To perform adequate calibrations on Mars, the 22 mineral samples included in the complex SCCT assembly must have a very homogeneous distribution of major and minor elements. The analysis and verification of such homogeneity for the 5-6 replicates of the samples included in the SCCT has been the aim of this work. To verify the physic-chemical homogeneity of the calibration targets, micro Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) imaging was first used on the whole surface of the targets, then the relative abundances of the detected elements were computed on 20 randomly distributed areas of 100*100 mum. For those targets showing a positive Raman response, micro-Raman spectroscopy imaging was performed on the whole surface of the targets at a resolution of 100*100 mum. The %RSD values (percent of relative standard deviation of mean values) for the major elements measured with EDXRF were compared with similar values obtained by two independent LIBS set-ups at spot sizes of 300 mum in diameter. The statistical analysis showed which elements were homogeneously distributed in the 22 mineral targets of the SCCT, providing their uncertainty v

Published
2022

17. In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R. D., Mimoun, D., Wiens, R. C., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, F., Lanza, N. L., Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S. M., Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Maki, J., McClean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C. E., Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de la Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K. M., Farley, K., Williford, K., Acosta-Maeda, T., Anderson, R. B., Applin, D. M., Arana, G., Bassas-Portus, M., Beal, R., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Bernardi, P., Bosak, T., Bousquet, B., Brown, A., Cadu, A., Caïs, P., Castro, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S. M., Cloutis, E., Connell, S., Debus, A., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., Donny, C., Dorresoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gabriel, T., Gibbons, E., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J. R., Kalucha, H., Kelly, E., Knutsen, E. W., Lacombe, G., Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorigny, E., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, M., Madsen, S., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Mann, M., Manrique, J.-A., Martinez-Frias, J., Mayhew, L. E., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Melikechi, N., Meunier, F., Montagnac, G., Mousset, V., Nelson, T., Newell, R. T., Parot, Y., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rapin, W., Reyes-Newell, A., Robinson, S., Rochas, L., Royer, C., Rull, F., Sautter, V., Sharma, S., Shridar, V., Sournac, A., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Turenne, N., Udry, A., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Vogt, D., Willis, P., Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R. D., Mimoun, D., Wiens, R. C., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, F., Lanza, N. L., Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S. M., Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Maki, J., McClean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C. E., Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de la Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K. M., Farley, K., Williford, K., Acosta-Maeda, T., Anderson, R. B., Applin, D. M., Arana, G., Bassas-Portus, M., Beal, R., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Bernardi, P., Bosak, T., Bousquet, B., Brown, A., Cadu, A., Caïs, P., Castro, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S. M., Cloutis, E., Connell, S., Debus, A., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., Donny, C., Dorresoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gabriel, T., Gibbons, E., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J. R., Kalucha, H., Kelly, E., Knutsen, E. W., Lacombe, G., Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorigny, E., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, M., Madsen, S., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Mann, M., Manrique, J.-A., Martinez-Frias, J., Mayhew, L. E., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Melikechi, N., Meunier, F., Montagnac, G., Mousset, V., Nelson, T., Newell, R. T., Parot, Y., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rapin, W., Reyes-Newell, A., Robinson, S., Rochas, L., Royer, C., Rull, F., Sautter, V., Sharma, S., Shridar, V., Sournac, A., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Turenne, N., Udry, A., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Vogt, D., and Willis, P.

Abstract

Prior to the Perseverance rover landing, the acoustic environment of Mars was unknown. Models predicted that: (i) atmospheric turbulence changes at centimeter scales or smaller at the point where molecular viscosity converts kinetic energy into heat1, (ii) the speed of sound varies at the surface with frequency, and (iii) high frequency waves are strongly attenuated with distance in CO₂. However, theoretical models were uncertain because of a lack of experimental data at low pressure, and the difficulty to characterize turbulence or attenuation in a closed environment. Here using Perseverance microphone recordings, we present the first characterization of Mars’ acoustic environment and pressure fluctuations in the audible range and beyond, from 20 Hz to 50 kHz. We find that atmospheric sounds extend measurements of pressure variations down to 1,000 times smaller scales than ever observed before, revealing a dissipative regime extending over 5 orders of magnitude in energy. Using point sources of sound (Ingenuity rotorcraft, laser-induced sparks), we highlight two distinct values for the speed of sound that are ~10 m/s apart below and above 240 Hz, a unique characteristic of low-pressure CO₂-dominated atmosphere. We also provide the acoustic attenuation with distance above 2 kHz, allowing us to elucidate the large contribution of the CO₂ vibrational relaxation in the audible range. These results establish a ground truth for modelling of acoustic processes, which is critical for studies in atmospheres like Mars and Venus ones.

Published
2022

18. Homogeneity assessment of the SuperCam calibration targets onboard rover perseverance

Author

Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Arana, G., Castro, K., Gomez-Nubla, L., de Vallejuelo, S. Fdez-Ortiz, Garcia-Florentino, C., Maguregui, M., Manrique, J. A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Moros, J., Cousin, A., Maurice, S., Ollila, A. M., Wiens, R. C., Rull, F., Laserna, J., Garcia-Baonza, V., Madsen, M. B., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Clegg, S. M., Robinson, S., Bernardi, P., Brown, A. J., Cais, P., Martinez-Frias, J., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bernt, M. H., Beyssac, O., Cloutis, E., Drouet, C., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J. R., Medina, J., Meslin, P. -Y., Montagnac, G., Sautter, V., Sharma, S. K., Veneranda, M., Willis, P. A., Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Arana, G., Castro, K., Gomez-Nubla, L., de Vallejuelo, S. Fdez-Ortiz, Garcia-Florentino, C., Maguregui, M., Manrique, J. A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Moros, J., Cousin, A., Maurice, S., Ollila, A. M., Wiens, R. C., Rull, F., Laserna, J., Garcia-Baonza, V., Madsen, M. B., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Clegg, S. M., Robinson, S., Bernardi, P., Brown, A. J., Cais, P., Martinez-Frias, J., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bernt, M. H., Beyssac, O., Cloutis, E., Drouet, C., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J. R., Medina, J., Meslin, P. -Y., Montagnac, G., Sautter, V., Sharma, S. K., Veneranda, M., and Willis, P. A.

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument, onboard the Perseverance rover (Mars 2020 mission) is designed to perform remote analysis on the Martian surface employing several spectroscopic techniques such as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman (TRR), Time-Resolved Fluorescence (TRF) and Visible and Infrared (VISIR) reflectance. In addition, SuperCam also acquires high-resolution images using a color remote micro imager (RMI) as well as sounds with its microphone. SuperCam has three main subsystems, the Mast Unit (MU) where the laser for chemical analysis and collection optics are housed, the Body Unit (BU) where the different spectrometers are located inside the rover, and the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT) located on the rover's deck to facilitate calibration tests at similar ambient conditions as the analyzed samples. To perform adequate calibrations on Mars, the 22 mineral samples included in the complex SCCT assembly must have a very homogeneous distribution of major and minor elements. The analysis and verification of such homogeneity for the 5-6 replicates of the samples included in the SCCT has been the aim of this work. To verify the physic chemical homogeneity of the calibration targets, micro Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) imaging was first used on the whole surface of the targets, then the relative abundances of the detected elements were computed on 20 randomly distributed areas of 100 x 100 mu m. For those targets showing a positive Raman response, micro-Raman spectroscopy imaging was performed on the whole surface of the targets at a resolution of 100 x 100 mu m. The %RSD values (percent of relative standard deviation of mean values) for the major elements measured with EDXRF were compared with similar values obtained by two independent LIBS set-ups at spot sizes of 300 mu m in diameter. The statistical analysis showed which elements were homogeneously distributed in the 22 mineral targets of the SCCT, providing their unc

Published
2022

20. Homogeneity assessment of the SuperCam calibration targets onboard rover perseverance

Author

Madariaga, J.M., primary, Aramendia, J., additional, Arana, G., additional, Castro, K., additional, Gómez-Nubla, L., additional, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo, S., additional, Garcia-Florentino, C., additional, Maguregui, M., additional, Manrique, J.A., additional, Lopez-Reyes, G., additional, Moros, J., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Ollila, A.M., additional, Wiens, R.C., additional, Rull, F., additional, Laserna, J., additional, Garcia-Baonza, V., additional, Madsen, M.B., additional, Forni, O., additional, Lasue, J., additional, Clegg, S.M., additional, Robinson, S., additional, Bernardi, P., additional, Brown, A.J., additional, Caïs, P., additional, Martinez-Frias, J., additional, Beck, P., additional, Bernard, S., additional, Bernt, M.H., additional, Beyssac, O., additional, Cloutis, E., additional, Drouet, C., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Dubois, B., additional, Fabre, C., additional, Gasnault, O., additional, Gontijo, I., additional, Johnson, J.R., additional, Medina, J., additional, Meslin, P.-Y., additional, Montagnac, G., additional, Sautter, V., additional, Sharma, S.K., additional, Veneranda, M., additional, and Willis, P.A., additional

Published
2022
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24. Perseverance rover reveals an ancient delta-lake system and flood deposits at Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Mangold, N., primary, Gupta, S., additional, Gasnault, O., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Tarnas, J. D., additional, Sholes, S. F., additional, Horgan, B., additional, Quantin-Nataf, C., additional, Brown, A. J., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Yingst, R. A., additional, Bell, J. F., additional, Beyssac, O., additional, Bosak, T., additional, Calef, F., additional, Ehlmann, B. L., additional, Farley, K. A., additional, Grotzinger, J. P., additional, Hickman-Lewis, K., additional, Holm-Alwmark, S., additional, Kah, L. C., additional, Martinez-Frias, J., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Nuñez, J. I., additional, Ollila, A. M., additional, Pilleri, P., additional, Rice, J. W., additional, Rice, M., additional, Simon, J. I., additional, Shuster, D. L., additional, Stack, K. M., additional, Sun, V. Z., additional, Treiman, A. H., additional, Weiss, B. P., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Williams, A. J., additional, Williams, N. R., additional, and Williford, K. H., additional

Published
2021
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25. Author Correction: In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Author

Maurice, S., Chide, B., Murdoch, N., Lorenz, R, Mimoun, D., Wiens, R., Stott, A., Jacob, X., Bertrand, T., Montmessin, Franck, Lanza, N, Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S, Aung, M., Balaram, J., Beyssac, O., Cousin, A., Delory, G., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Grip, H., Hecht, M., Hoffman, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, Jérémie, Maki, J., Mcclean, J., Meslin, P.-Y., Le Mouélic, S., Munguira, A., Newman, C., Rodríguez Manfredi, J., Moros, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Schröder, S., de La Torre Juárez, M., Tzanetos, T., Stack, K., Farley, K., Williford, K., Acosta-Maeda, T., Anderson, R., Applin, D., Arana, G., Bassas-Portus, M., Beal, R., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Bernardi, P., Bosak, T., Bousquet, B., Brown, A., Cadu, A., Caïs, P., Castro, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S, Cloutis, E., Connell, S., Debus, A., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., Donny, C., Dorresoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gabriel, T., Gibbons, E., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J., Kalucha, H., Kelly, E., Knutsen, Elise Wright, Lacombe, Gaetan, Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorigny, E., Madariaga, J., Madsen, M., Madsen, S., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Mann, M., Manrique, J.-A., Martinez-Frias, J., Mayhew, L., Mcconnochie, T., Mclennan, S., Melikechi, N., Meunier, F., Montagnac, G., Mousset, V., Nelson, T., Newell, R, Parot, Y., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rapin, W., Reyes-Newell, A., Robinson, S., Rochas, L., Royer, C., Rull, F., Sautter, V., Sharma, S., Shridar, V., Sournac, A., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Turenne, N., Udry, A., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Vogt, D., Willis, P., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Columbia, South Carolina], University of South Carolina [Columbia], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Heliospace Corporation, MIT Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics [Cambridge], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Aeolis Corporation, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Blue Marble Space Institute of Science (BMSIS), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Winnipeg, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université de Lyon, GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geological Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Physics and Applied Physics [Lowell], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), and NASA’s Mars Exploration ProgramCNES

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Carbon dioxide, Modélisation, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Atmospheric Turbulence, Atmospheric Sound, Microphone, Mars, Attenuation, CO2, Perseverance, Acoustic Environment
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

27. SuperCam on the Perseverance Rover for Exploration of Jezero Crater: Remote LIBS, VISIR, Raman, and Time-Resolved Luminescence Spectroscopies Plus Micro-Imaging and Acoustics

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, O., Anderson, Ryan B., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonal, L., Clegg, Samuel M., DeFlores, Lauren, Dromart, G, Fischer, W. W., Forni, Olivier, Grotzinger, J. P., Johnson, J. R., Martinez-Frias, J., Mangold, Nicolas, McLennan, S., Montmessin, Franck, Rull, Fernando, Sharma, Shiv K., Cousin, Agnès, Pilleri, Paolo, Sautter, V, Lewin, E, Cloutis, E., Poulet, F., Bernard, Sylvain, McConnochie, T., Lanza, N., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Leveille, R., Le Mouelic, S., Lasue, J, Melikechi, N., Meslin, P-Y, Grasset, O, Angel, S. M., Fouchet, T., Beck, Pierre, Bousquet, Bruno, Fabre, C., Pinet, P., Benzerara, K., Montagnac, Gilles, Arana, Gorka, Castro, Kepa, Laserna, Javier, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Lopez, G., Lorenz, R., Mimoun, D., Acosta-Maeda, T., Alvarez, C., Dehouck, E., Delory, G., Doressoundiram, A., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gabriel, T. S. J., Jacob, Xavier, Madsen, M. B., Moros, J., Murdoch, N, Newell, Raymond T., Porter, J. M., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rapin, William, Schröder, Susanne, Sobron, Pablo, Toplis, M., Brown, A.J., Veneranda, M., Chide, Baptiste, Legett, Carey, Royer, Clement, Stott, A., Vogt, David, Robinson, Scott H., DeLapp, D., Clave, E., Connell, S., Essunfeld, A., Gallegos, Z., Garcia-Florentino, C., Gibbons, E., Huidobro, J., Kelly, E., Kalucha, H., Ruiz, P., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Shkolyar, Svetlana, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Winnipeg, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Lyon, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), Plancius Research LLC, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Cardon, Catherine, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Málaga, and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars2020 SuperCam Perseverance Mars Planetenforschung Spektroskopie Kamera Laser, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

28. Perseverance rover reveals an ancient delta-lake system and flood deposits at Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Mangold, N., Gupta, S., Gasnault, O., Dromart, G., Tarnas, J. D., Sholes, S. F., Horgan, B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Brown, A. J., Le Mouelic, S., Yingst, R. A., Bell, J. F., Beyssac, O., Bosak, T., Calef, F., Ehlmann, B. L., Farley, K. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Hickman-Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, L. C., Martinez-Frias, J., McLennan, S. M., Maurice, S., Nunez, J., Ollila, A. M., Pilleri, P., Jr, J. W. Rice, Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D. L., Stack, K. M., Sun, V. Z., Treiman, A. H., Weiss, B. P., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., Williams, N. R., Williford, K. H., Mangold, N., Gupta, S., Gasnault, O., Dromart, G., Tarnas, J. D., Sholes, S. F., Horgan, B., Quantin-Nataf, C., Brown, A. J., Le Mouelic, S., Yingst, R. A., Bell, J. F., Beyssac, O., Bosak, T., Calef, F., Ehlmann, B. L., Farley, K. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Hickman-Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, L. C., Martinez-Frias, J., McLennan, S. M., Maurice, S., Nunez, J., Ollila, A. M., Pilleri, P., Jr, J. W. Rice, Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D. L., Stack, K. M., Sun, V. Z., Treiman, A. H., Weiss, B. P., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., Williams, N. R., and Williford, K. H.

Abstract

Observations from orbital spacecraft have shown that Jezero crater on Mars contains a prominent fan-shaped body of sedimentary rock deposited at its western margin. The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater in February 2021. We analyze images taken by the rover in the 3 months after landing. The fan has outcrop faces, which were invisible from orbit, that record the hydrological evolution of Jezero crater. We interpret the presence of inclined strata in these outcrops as evidence of deltas that advanced into a lake. In contrast, the uppermost fan strata are composed of boulder conglomerates, which imply deposition by episodic high-energy floods. This sedimentary succession indicates a transition from sustained hydrologic activity in a persistent lake environment to highly energetic short-duration fluvial flows.

Published
2021

29. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover:Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Bernardi, P., Caïs, P., Robinson, S., Nelson, T., Gasnault, O., Reess, J. M., Deleuze, M., Rull, F., Manrique, J. A., Abbaki, S., Anderson, R. B., André, Y., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Battault, T., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, O., Bonafous, M., Bousquet, B., Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro, K., Chapron, F., Chide, B., Clark, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Cloutis, E., Collin, C., Cordoba, E. C., Cousin, A., Dameury, J. C., D’Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, L., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., De Los Santos, G., Donny, C., Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, M., Ervin, J., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, I., Gonzalez, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, J., Hassen-Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, X., Jacquinod, S., Johnson, J. R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N., Lapauw, L., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Leyrat, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Lucero, B., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, S., Madsen, M., Mangold, N., Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martinez-Frias, J., Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, K. P., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, J. M., Mimoun, D., Misra, A., Montagnac, G., Montaron, C., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Mousset, V., Morizet, Y., Murdoch, N., Newell, R. T., Newsom, H., Nguyen Tuong, N., Ollila, A. M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, L., Parisot, J., Parot, Y., Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rambaud, D., Rapin, W., Romano, P., Roucayrol, L., Royer, C., Ruellan, M., Sandoval, B. F., Sautter, V., Schoppers, M. J., Schröder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, S. K., Sobron, P., Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, V., Standarovsky, D., Storms, S., Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, P., Wong, K. W., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Bernardi, P., Caïs, P., Robinson, S., Nelson, T., Gasnault, O., Reess, J. M., Deleuze, M., Rull, F., Manrique, J. A., Abbaki, S., Anderson, R. B., André, Y., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Battault, T., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, O., Bonafous, M., Bousquet, B., Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro, K., Chapron, F., Chide, B., Clark, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Cloutis, E., Collin, C., Cordoba, E. C., Cousin, A., Dameury, J. C., D’Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, L., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., De Los Santos, G., Donny, C., Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, M., Ervin, J., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, I., Gonzalez, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, J., Hassen-Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, X., Jacquinod, S., Johnson, J. R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N., Lapauw, L., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Leyrat, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Lucero, B., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, S., Madsen, M., Mangold, N., Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martinez-Frias, J., Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, K. P., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, J. M., Mimoun, D., Misra, A., Montagnac, G., Montaron, C., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Mousset, V., Morizet, Y., Murdoch, N., Newell, R. T., Newsom, H., Nguyen Tuong, N., Ollila, A. M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, L., Parisot, J., Parot, Y., Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rambaud, D., Rapin, W., Romano, P., Roucayrol, L., Royer, C., Ruellan, M., Sandoval, B. F., Sautter, V., Schoppers, M. J., Schröder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, S. K., Sobron, P., Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, V., Standarovsky, D., Storms, S., Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, P., and Wong, K. W.

Abstract

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2–7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam’s science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.

Published
2021

31. TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission

Author

Coustenis, A., Atreya, S. K., Balint, T., Brown, R. H., Dougherty, M. K., Ferri, F., Fulchignoni, M., Gautier, D., Gowen, R. A., Griffith, C. A., Gurvits, L. I., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Leese, M. R., Lunine, J. I., McKay, C. P., Moussas, X., Müller-Wodarg, I., Neubauer, F., Owen, T. C., Raulin, F., Sittler, E. C., Sohl, F., Sotin, C., Tobie, G., Tokano, T., Turtle, E. P., Wahlund, J.-E., Waite, J. H., Baines, K. H., Blamont, J., Coates, A. J., Dandouras, I., Krimigis, T., Lellouch, E., Lorenz, R. D., Morse, A., Porco, C. C., Hirtzig, M., Saur, J., Spilker, T., Zarnecki, J. C., Choi, E., Achilleos, N., Amils, R., Annan, P., Atkinson, D. H., Bénilan, Y., Bertucci, C., Bézard, B., Bjoraker, G. L., Blanc, M., Boireau, L., Bouman, J., Cabane, M., Capria, M. T., Chassefière, E., Coll, P., Combes, M., Cooper, J. F., Coradini, A., Crary, F., Cravens, T., Daglis, I. A., de Angelis, E., de Bergh, C., de Pater, I., Dunford, C., Durry, G., Dutuit, O., Fairbrother, D., Flasar, F. M., Fortes, A. D., Frampton, R., Fujimoto, M., Galand, M., Grasset, O., Grott, M., Haltigin, T., Herique, A., Hersant, F., Hussmann, H., Ip, W., Johnson, R., Kallio, E., Kempf, S., Knapmeyer, M., Kofman, W., Koop, R., Kostiuk, T., Krupp, N., Küppers, M., Lammer, H., Lara, L.-M., Lavvas, P., Le Mouélic, S., Lebonnois, S., Ledvina, S., Li, J., Livengood, T. A., Lopes, R. M., Lopez-Moreno, J.-J., Luz, D., Mahaffy, P. R., Mall, U., Martinez-Frias, J., Marty, B., McCord, T., Menor Salvan, C., Milillo, A., Mitchell, D. G., Modolo, R., Mousis, O., Nakamura, M., Neish, C. D., Nixon, C. A., Nna Mvondo, D., Orton, G., Paetzold, M., Pitman, J., Pogrebenko, S., Pollard, W., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Rannou, P., Reh, K., Richter, L., Robb, F. T., Rodrigo, R., Rodriguez, S., Romani, P., Ruiz Bermejo, M., Sarris, E. T., Schenk, P., Schmitt, B., Schmitz, N., Schulze-Makuch, D., Schwingenschuh, K., Selig, A., Sicardy, B., Soderblom, L., Spilker, L. J., Stam, D., Steele, A., Stephan, K., Strobel, D. F., Szego, K., Szopa, C., Thissen, R., Tomasko, M. G., Toublanc, D., Vali, H., Vardavas, I., Vuitton, V., West, R. A., Yelle, R., and Young, E. F.

Published
2009
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32. The Present Habitability Potential of Gale Crater: What We Have Learned So Far From Mars Science Laboratory

Author

Conrad, P. G, Archer, P. D, Domagal-Goldman, S, Eigenbrode, J, Fisk, M, Gupta, S, Hamilton, V, Kah, L, Kahanpaa, Henrik, Martin-Torres, J, Martinez-Frias, J, McKay, C. P, Ming, D, Minitti, M. E, Navarro-Gonzalez, R, Owen, T, Pavlov, A, Steele, A, Stern, J, Trieman, A, Zorzano, M-P, and Mahaffy, P. R

Subjects
Exobiology, Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory mission has comprehensively interrogated the surface environment of Mars as it explores Gale Crater. Both chemical and physical attributes of the present environment have been measured over the course of the mission, enabling us to compare the present state of the martian surface with the environmental requirements of prokaryotic microbes. While this approach does not exclude the possibility of martian life that may have evolved to adapt to the present conditions, it is advantageous in that it allows us to evaluate environmental requirements of known life and also provide insight into the likelihood of forward contamination by Earth organisms with the comparison of their environmental requirements with the measured attributes of the environment at Gale Crater. We have already modeled a paleoenvironment with high habitability potential (HP) based upon chemistry, mineralogy and other geological evidence such as sedimentary structures and larger scale geomorphology [1]. In this report, we turn our attention to the present HP of the Yellowknife Bay area, including the importance of the physical environmental metrics such as atmospheric pressure, air and ground temperature, ionizing radiation, wind speed and direction, slope, etc.

Published
2014

35. Unusual sedimentary geodes filled by gold-bearing hematite laths

Author

Bustillo, M.A., Garcia-Guinea, J., Martinez-Frias, J., and Delgado, A.

Subjects
Geology, Structural -- Research, Carbonate minerals -- Research, Geodes -- Research, Anhydrides -- Analysis, Quartz -- Analysis, Dolomite -- Analysis, Hydroxides -- Analysis, Earth sciences
Abstract

Unusual mineralized and silicified carbonate-rich geodes were found hosted in Lower Triassic red mudstones in Central Spain. From their borders to their centres, the geodes display (a) a millimetric carbonate crust, (b) a quartz rim, (c) massive dolomite, (d) gold-bearing iron-rich infills (hematite laths and goethite with up to 7000 ppm of gold) and (e) calcite cements that sometimes seal the central hollow. Textural evidence indicates that the geodes were originally anhydrite, which was subsequently replaced by quartz and dolomite. The resultant porosity from this replacement, or by later dissolution, has been filled by epithermal gold-bearing iron-oxide hydroxides, romanechite and calcite. (Beta)(super 13)C values indicate the participation of meteoric waters in an environment which was characterized by both a sub-desert climate and a temperate-tropical climate. Oxygen signatures reflect very variable temperatures for all minerals, with the exception of calcite, which appears to have precipitated at < 38 degrees C. Iron-oxide temperature values can reach up to 85 degrees C (epithermal stage). The mineralogical assemblages of these unusual geodes denote early diagenetic replacement followed by the epithermal activity. This mineralization is linked to the Late Hercynian, calc-alkaline volcanism of Central Spain (the Hiendelaencina mining district).

Published
1999

36. Modeling of a heat pump with evaporator air dehumidification for reduced frost formation

Author

Martinez-Frias, J. and Aceves, S.M.

Subjects
Dehumidifiers -- Research, Heat pumps -- Models, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Petroleum, energy and mining industries, Science and technology
Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of a heat pump that uses a solid desiccant dehumidifier to reduce the humidity of the ambient air that flows into the evaporator, with the purpose of decreasing frost formation on the evaporator. The heat pump is analyzed by adding a dehumidifier model to a previously developed heat pump model that includes frost formation. The dehumidifier reduces the amount of energy required for evaporator defrosting, but introduces the need for energy for regenerating the desiccant. The purpose of the analysis is to search for operating conditions and optimum dehumidifier designs for which the use of the dehumidifier results in energy savings. The results show that the use of a dehumidifier may reduce energy consumption if the energetic cost of defrosting the evaporator is high. Other benefits of dehumidification include an increase of the time intervals between defrost cycles, a better stability in the conditions in the controlled space, and the potential for increased reliability and reduced maintenance of the heat pump.

Published
1999

37. Effects of evaporator frosting on the performance of an air-to-air heat pump

Author

Martinez-Frias, J. and Aceves, S.M.

Subjects
Heat pumps -- Research, Frost -- Analysis, Thermodynamics -- Models, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Petroleum, energy and mining industries, Science and technology
Abstract

This paper shows the development and use of a transient model for evaluating frost formation on a parallel-plate heat pump evaporator. A frost formation model is derived by applying the equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, as well as empirical correlations, to calculate the growth and densification of the frost layer. The frost formation model is validated by comparison with experimental results. The frost formation model is then incorporated into the evaporator subroutine of an existing heat pump model to calculate performance losses due to frosting as a function of weather conditions and time of operation since the last evaporator defrost. Performance loss calculation includes the effect of air pressure drop through the evaporator and the reduction in evaporator temperature caused by the growth of the frost layer. The results show frost formation parameters and heat pump COP as a function of time and ambient conditions. It is determined that there is a range of ambient temperatures and humidities in which frosting effects are most severe, and this range is explored to calculate heat pump operating conditions. The heat pump analysis results are expected to be useful in predicting optimum defrosting conditions, and to evaluate alternative methods for defrosting.

Published
1999

38. A systematic way to life detection – combining field, lab and space research in low Earth orbit

Author

de Vera, J. P., Billi, D., Böttger, Ute, Cockell, C., de la Torre, R., Foing, B., Hanke, F., Leuko, Stefan, Martinez-Frias, J., Moeller, Ralf, Olsson-Francis, K., Onofri, S., Rettberg, Petra, Schröder, Susanne, Schulze-Makuch, D., Selbmann, L., Wagner, D., and Zucconi, L.

Subjects
Life detection, field Research, planetary Simulation, space experiments, space exploration
Published
2019

39. Optimization of a class of latent thermal energy storage systems with multiple phase-change materials

Author

Aceves, S.M., Nakamura, H., Reistad, G.M., and Martinez-Frias, J.

Subjects
Heat storage -- Research, Thermodynamics -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Environmental issues
Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of a class of latent thermal energy storage (LTES) system. The analysis is based on a simplified model that allows the system performance to be evaluated in terms of a small set of parameters, while still retaining the main thermodynamic aspects associated with their operation. This analysis therefore permits the broad-based application potential of these systems to be viewed. The paper also discusses the applicability of the model to practical systems. This paper analyzes LTES with multiple energy storage cells and multiple phase-change materials (PCMs). The most general case of infinite energy storage cells and PCMs is solved, for the charge process only, as well as for the overall charge-discharge process. The results yield the optimum phase change temperature, expressed as a continuous function of position along the LTES. The method is equally applicable to the case of a finite number of storage cells. An example of the application of the method to this case is also included. The results show the optimum phase change temperatures for each of the problems being considered, along with the corresponding optimum exergetic efficiencies. The solutions to the optimization problems are surprisingly simple to express, considering the difficulty of the problems, and indicate the potential advantages of using LTES with multiple PCMs.

Published
1998

45. Detection of new biomarkers on lichens with Raman spectroscopy after space- and Mars like conditions: Results of BIOMEX-EXPOSE R2

Author

de la Torre Noetzel, R., Sancho, L.G, de Vera, J.-P., Baque, M., Böttcher, U., Rabbow, E., Martinez-Frias, J., and Lopez Ramirez, M.R.

Subjects
BIOMEX-EXPOSE R2, Strahlenbiologie, Leitungsbereich PF, biomarkers, Mars, lichens, Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme
Abstract

Exploration of the solar system, needs science and technology support to work at a merged way. Space platforms, such as EXPOSE, are a priority for the performance of experiments which are focused on the exploration of the limits of terrestrial life, trying to get responses to some questions, such as the 1) survival capacity of biological organisms in space, 2) the effects of space environment on no protected biological and chemical material and 3) results of degradation of organic molecules (biomarkers), that will support the interpretation of missions, such as Rosetta, ExoMars and Curiosity). Some priority scientific objectives for the next 10 years are focused on "Life and habitability" and "Biomarkers for detection of extraterrestrial life", what is belonging to the main aims of BIOMEX (Biology- and Mars Experiment, 2014-2016, ESA) [1,3], experiment performed on the exposure platform EXPOSE-R2 on board of ISS.

Published
2018

46. ANALOGUE SAMPLES IN AN EUROPEAN SAMPLE CURATION FACILITY - THE EURO-CARES PROJECT

Author

Foucher, F., Westall, F., Zipfel, J., Smith, C., Debaille, V., Folco, L., Bridges, J., Russell, S. and the EURO-CARES consortium, Michalski, J., Brucato, J. R., Palomba, E., Rotundi, A., Meneghin, A., Longobardo, A., Ferrière, L., Hutzler, A., Aléon, J., Gounelle, M., Marrocchi, Y., Berthoud, L., Vrublevskis, J., Guest, Mi., Matussi, S., Grady, M., Franchi, I., Dryer, B., Rettberg, Petra, Leuko, Stefan, Holt, J., Bennett, Al., Pottage, T., Joy, K., Lee, M., Martinez Frias, J., Wozniakiewicz, P., Bost, N., Zolensky, M., Yano, H., Schroeven-Deceuninck, H., Kminek, G., Ginneken, M. Van, and Viso, M.

Subjects
Strahlenbiologie, EURO-CARES project
Abstract

The objective of the H2020-funded EURO-CARES project (grant agreement n° 640190) was to create a roadmap for the implementation of a European Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Facility (ESCF) that would be suitable for the curation of samples from all possible return missions likely over the next few decades, i.e. from the Moon, asteroids and Mars. The return of extraterrestrial samples brought to Earth will require specific storage conditions and handling procedures, in particular for those coming from Mars. For practical reasons and sterility concerns it might be necessary for such a facility to have its own collection of analogue samples permitting the testing of storage conditions, and to develop protocols for sample prepartion and analyses. Within the framework of the EURO-CARES project, we havecreated a list of the different types of samples that would be relevant for such a curation facility. The facility will be used for receiving and opening of the returned sample canisters, as well as for handling and preparation of the returned samples. Furthermore, it will provide some analysis of the returned samples, i.e. early sample characterisation, and is expected to provide longterm storage of the returned samples. Each of these basic functions requires special equipment. Equipment, handling protocols and long-term storage conditions will strongly depend on the characteristics of the materials, and on whether returned samples are from the Moon, Mars or an asteroidal body. Therefore the different types and aspects of analogue samples one need to be considered, i.e. the nature of the materials, which analogues are needed for what purpose, what mass is needed, and how should the analogue samples be stored within the facility. We distinguished five different types of anologue samples: analogue (s.s.), witness plate, voucher specimen, reference sample, and standard. Analogues are materials that have one or more physical or chemical properties similar to Earth-returned extraterrestrial samples. Reference samples are well-characterised materials with known physical and chemical properties used for testing. They may not necessarily be the same materials as the analogues defined above. Standards are internationally recognised, homogeneous materials with known physical and chemical properties that are used for calibration. They can also be used as reference samples in certain circumstances. They may be made of natural materials but are often produced artificially. A voucher specimen is a duplicate of materials used at any stage during sample acquisition, storage, transport, treatment etc., e.g. spacecraft materials (including solar panels), lubricants, glues, gloves, saws, drills, and others. In addition, Earth landing site samples (from the touch down site) would be necessary in case of doubtful analysis, even if normally this type of contamination is not expected. Finally, a witness plate is defined as material left in an area where work is being done to detect any biological, particulate, chemical, and/or organic contamination. It is a spatial and temporal document of what happens in the work area. Analogue materials could be solids (including ices), liquids or gases. These could contain biological (extant and/or exinct) and/or organic components. They could be natural materials, e.g. rocks or minerals, or could be manufactured, such as mixtures of different components, which may be biologically and/or organically doped. Analogues with appropriate sample size and nature will be well-suited for testing and training of sample handling procedures, and for transport protocols. The training of science and curation teams also requires reference samples and standards. Long-term storage needs special witness plates and voucher specimes. Developing and testing sample preparation protocols needs all sample types.

Published
2018

47. The NASA Inductrack Model Rocket Launcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Author

Tung, L. S, Post, R. F, Cook, E, and Martinez-Frias, J

Subjects
Launch Vehicles And Launch Operations
Abstract

The Inductrack magnetic levitation system, developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is being studied for its possible use for launching rockets. Under NASA sponsorship, a small model system is being constructed at the Laboratory to pursue key technical aspects of this proposed application. The Inductrack is a passive magnetic levitation system employing special arrays of high-field permanent magnets (Halbach arrays) on the levitating carrier, moving above a "track" consisting of a close-packed array of shorted coils with which are interleaved with special drive coils. Halbach arrays produce a strong spatially periodic magnetic field on the front surface of the arrays, while canceling the field on their back surface. Relative motion between the Halbach arrays and the track coils induces currents in those coils. These currents levitate the carrier cart by interacting with the horizontal component of the magnetic field. Pulsed currents in the drive coils, synchronized with the motion of the carrier, interact with the vertical component of the magnetic field to provide acceleration forces. Motional stability, including resistance to both vertical and lateral aerodynamic forces, is provided by having Halbach arrays that interact with both the upper and the lower sides of the track coils. In its completed form the model system that is under construction will have a track approximately 100 meters in length along which the carrier cart will be propelled up to peak speeds of Mach 0.4 to 0.5 before being decelerated. Preliminary studies of the parameters of a full-scale system have also been made. These studies address the problems of scale-up, including means to simplify the track construction and to reduce the cost of the pulsed-power systems needed for propulsion.

Published
2000

50. Introducing the Africa initiative for planetary and space sciences

Author

Chennaoui-Aoudjehane, H., Baratoux, D., Gibson, R., Lamali, A., Reimold, W. U., Sapah, M. Selorm, Chabou, M. C., Habarulema, J. Bosco, Jessell, M. W., Mogessie, A., zouhair Benkhaldoun, Nkhonjera, E., Mukosi, N. C., Kaire, M., Rochette, P., Sickafoose, A., Martinez-Frias, J., Hofmann, A., Folco, L., Rossi, A., Faye, G., Kolenberg, K., Tekle, K., Belhai, D., Elyajouri, M., Koeberl, C., and Abdeen, M. M.

Published
2017

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