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1. Scaling of mortality in 742 metropolitan areas of the Americas.

Author

Bilal, Usama, de Castro, Caio, Alfaro, Tania, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Barreto, Mauricio, Leveau, Carlos, Martinez-Folgar, Kevin, Miranda, J, Montes, Felipe, Mullachery, Pricila, Pina, Maria, Rodriguez, Daniel, Dos Santos, Gervasio, Andrade, Roberto, and Diez Roux, Ana

Abstract

We explored how mortality scales with city population size using vital registration and population data from 742 cities in 10 Latin American countries and the United States. We found that more populated cities had lower mortality (sublinear scaling), driven by a sublinear pattern in U.S. cities, while Latin American cities had similar mortality across city sizes. Sexually transmitted infections and homicides showed higher rates in larger cities (superlinear scaling). Tuberculosis mortality behaved sublinearly in U.S. and Mexican cities and superlinearly in other Latin American cities. Other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional deaths, and deaths due to noncommunicable diseases were generally sublinear in the United States and linear or superlinear in Latin America. Our findings reveal distinct patterns across the Americas, suggesting no universal relation between city size and mortality, pointing to the importance of understanding the processes that explain heterogeneity in scaling behavior or mortality to further advance urban health policies.

Published
2021

8. Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity—GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys

Author

Ramírez Varela, Andrea, primary, Hallal, Pedro C., additional, Mejía Grueso, Juliana, additional, Pedišić, Željko, additional, Salvo, Deborah, additional, Nguyen, Anita, additional, Klepac, Bojana, additional, Bauman, Adrian, additional, Siefken, Katja, additional, Hinckson, Erica, additional, Oyeyemi, Adewale L., additional, Richards, Justin, additional, Salih Khidir, Elena Daniela, additional, Inoue, Shigeru, additional, Amagasa, Shiho, additional, Jauregui, Alejandra, additional, da Silva, Marcelo Cozzensa, additional, Lee, I-Min, additional, Ding, Melody, additional, Kohl, Harold W., additional, Ekelund, Ulf, additional, Heath, Gregory W., additional, Powell, Kenneth E., additional, Foster, Charlie, additional, Memon, Aamir Raoof, additional, Doumbia, Abdoulaye, additional, Rather, Abdul Roof, additional, Razzaque, Abdur, additional, Diouf, Adama, additional, Hino, Adriano Akira, additional, Damasceno, Albertino, additional, Abebe, Alem Deksisa, additional, Florindo, Alex Antonio, additional, Mannocci, Alice, additional, Aringazina, Altyn, additional, Juričan, Andrea Backović, additional, Poffet, Andrea, additional, Decelis, Andrew, additional, Carlin, Angela, additional, Enescu, Angelica, additional, Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María, additional, Kontsevaya, Anna, additional, Somhegyi, Annamaria, additional, Vuillemin, Anne, additional, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, additional, Théodore, Asse Amangoua, additional, Masanovic, Bojan, additional, Lynch, Brigid M., additional, Medina, Catalina, additional, del Campo, Cecilia, additional, Abdeta, Chalchisa, additional, Moreways, Changa, additional, Ranasinghe, Chathuranga, additional, Howitt, Christina, additional, Cameron, Christine, additional, Jurakić, Danijel, additional, Martinez-Gomez, David, additional, Tladi, Dawn, additional, Diro, Debrework Tesfaye, additional, Adlakha, Deepti, additional, Mitić, Dušan, additional, Bjelica, Duško, additional, Biernat, Elżbieta, additional, Chisati, Enock M., additional, Lambert, Estelle Victoria, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Lee, Eun-Young, additional, Riso, Eva-Maria, additional, Cañete Villalba, Felicia, additional, Assah, Felix, additional, Lovrić, Franjo, additional, Araya-Vargas, Gerardo A., additional, La Torre, Giuseppe, additional, Cruz, Gloria Isabel Niño, additional, Baltaci, Gul, additional, Al Sabbah, Haleama, additional, Nalecz, Hanna, additional, Nashandi, Hilde Liisa, additional, Park, Hyuntae, additional, Revuelta-Sánchez, Inés, additional, Nusurupia, Jackline Jema, additional, Zamora, Jaime Leppe, additional, Kopcakova, Jaroslava, additional, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, additional, Oppert, Jean-Michel, additional, Nie, Jinlei, additional, Spence, John C., additional, Bradley, John Stewart, additional, Mota, Jorge, additional, Mitáš, Josef, additional, Chen, Junshi, additional, Hylton, Kamilah S, additional, Fromel, Karel, additional, Milton, Karen, additional, Borodulin, Katja, additional, Moustapha, Keita Amadou, additional, Martinez-Folgar, Kevin, additional, Nasreddine, Lara, additional, Christiansen, Lars Breum, additional, Malisoux, Laurent, additional, Malete, Leapetswe, additional, Grepo-Jalao, Lorelie C., additional, Monteiro, Luciana Zaranza, additional, Al Subhi, Lyutha K., additional, Dakskobler, Maja, additional, Alnaji, Majed, additional, Garro, Margarita Claramunt, additional, Hagströmer, Maria, additional, Murphy, Marie H., additional, Mclaughlin, Matthew , additional, Rivera-Morales, Mercedes, additional, Scheinowitz, Mickey, additional, Shkodra, Mimoza, additional, Piątkowska, Monika, additional, Chaudhury, Moushumi, additional, Alrashdi, Naif Ziyad, additional, Mutrie, Nanette, additional, Murphy, Niamh, additional, Ahmad, Norhayati Haji, additional, Obeidat, Nour A., additional, Gómez, Nubia Yaneth Ruiz, additional, Liangruenrom, Nucharapon, additional, Arnesto, Oscar Díaz, additional, Flores-Flores, Oscar, additional, Incarbone, Oscar, additional, Chimeddamba, Oyun, additional, Bovet, Pascal, additional, Magalhães, Pedro, additional, Jousilahti, Pekka, additional, Katewongsa, Piyawat, additional, Gómez, Rafael Alexander Leandro, additional, Shihab, Rawan Awni, additional, Ocansey, Reginald, additional, Veress, Réka, additional, Marine, Richard, additional, Carrizales-Ramos, Rolando, additional, Saeed, Saad Younis, additional, El-Ashker, Said, additional, Green, Samuel, additional, Kasoma, Sandra, additional, Beretervide, Santiago, additional, Baldew, Se-Sergio, additional, Nichols, Selby, additional, Khoo, Selina, additional, Hosseini, Seyed Ali, additional, Goenka, Shifalika, additional, Gholamalishahi, Shima, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Compernolle, Sofie, additional, Enescu, Stefan Paul, additional, Popovic, Stevo, additional, Paudel, Susan, additional, Andrade, Susana, additional, Titze, Sylvia, additional, Davidson, Tamu, additional, Dusingizimana, Theogene, additional, Dorner, Thomas E., additional, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., additional, Huong, Tran Thanh, additional, Sychareun, Vanphanom, additional, Jarevska-Simovska, Vera, additional, Puloka, Viliami Kulikefu, additional, Onywera, Vincent, additional, Wendel-Vos, Wanda, additional, Dionyssiotis, Yannis, additional, and Pratt, Michael, additional

Published
2023
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11. Status and trends of physical activity surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries : Findings from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity—GoPA!

Author

Ramírez Varela, Andrea, Hallal, Pedro C., Mejía Grueso, Juliana, Pedišić, Željko, Salvo, Deborah, Nguyen, Anita, Klepac, Bojana, Bauman, Adrian, Siefken, Katja, Hinckson, Erica, Oyeyemi, Adewale L., Richards, Justin, Salih Khidir, Elena Daniela, Inoue, Shigeru, Amagasa, Shiho, Jauregui, Alejandra, da Silva, Marcelo Cozzensa, Lee, I-Min, Ding, Melody, Kohl, Harold W., Ekelund, Ulf, Heath, Gregory W., Powell, Kenneth E., Foster, Charlie, Memon, Aamir Raoof, Doumbia, Abdoulaye, Rather, Abdul Roof, Razzaque, Abdur, Diouf, Adama, Hino, Adriano Akira, Damasceno, Albertino, Abebe, Alem Deksisa, Florindo, Alex Antonio, Mannocci, Alice, Aringazina, Altyn, Juričan, Andrea Backović, Poffet, Andrea, Decelis, Andrew, Carlin, Angela, Enescu, Angelica, Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María, Kontsevaya, Anna, Somhegyi, Annamaria, Vuillemin, Anne, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Théodore, Asse Amangoua, Masanovic, Bojan, Lynch, Brigid M., Medina, Catalina, del Campo, Cecilia, Abdeta, Chalchisa, Moreways, Changa, Ranasinghe, Chathuranga, Howitt, Christina, Cameron, Christine, Jurakić, Danijel, Martinez-Gomez, David, Tladi, Dawn, Diro, Debrework Tesfaye, Adlakha, Deepti, Mitić, Dušan, Bjelica, Duško, Biernat, Elżbieta, Chisati, Enock M., Lambert, Estelle Victoria, Cerin, Ester, Lee, Eun-Young, Riso, Eva-Maria, Cañete Villalba, Felicia, Assah, Felix, Lovrić, Franjo, Araya-Vargas, Gerardo A., La Torre, Giuseppe, Cruz, Gloria Isabel Niño, Baltaci, Gul, Al Sabbah, Haleama, Nalecz, Hanna, Nashandi, Hilde Liisa, Park, Hyuntae, Revuelta-Sánchez, Inés, Nusurupia, Jackline Jema, Zamora, Jaime Leppe, Kopcakova, Jaroslava, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Nie, Jinlei, Spence, John C., Bradley, John Stewart, Mota, Jorge, Mitáš, Josef, Chen, Junshi, Hylton, Kamilah S, Fromel, Karel, Milton, Karen, Borodulin, Katja, Moustapha, Keita Amadou, Martinez-Folgar, Kevin, Nasreddine, Lara, Christiansen, Lars Breum, Malisoux, Laurent, Malete, Leapetswe, Grepo-Jalao, Lorelie C., Monteiro, Luciana Zaranza, Al Subhi, Lyutha K., Dakskobler, Maja, Alnaji, Majed, Garro, Margarita Claramunt, Hagströmer, Maria, Murphy, Marie H., Mclaughlin, Matthew, Rivera-Morales, Mercedes, Scheinowitz, Mickey, Shkodra, Mimoza, Piątkowska, Monika, Chaudhury, Moushumi, Alrashdi, Naif Ziyad, Mutrie, Nanette, Murphy, Niamh, Ahmad, Norhayati Haji, Obeidat, Nour A., Gómez, Nubia Yaneth Ruiz, Liangruenrom, Nucharapon, Arnesto, Oscar Díaz, Flores-Flores, Oscar, Incarbone, Oscar, Chimeddamba, Oyun, Bovet, Pascal, Magalhães, Pedro, Jousilahti, Pekka, Katewongsa, Piyawat, Gómez, Rafael Alexander Leandro, Shihab, Rawan Awni, Ocansey, Reginald, Veress, Réka, Marine, Richard, Carrizales-Ramos, Rolando, Saeed, Saad Younis, El-Ashker, Said, Green, Samuel, Kasoma, Sandra, Beretervide, Santiago, Baldew, Se-Sergio, Nichols, Selby, Khoo, Selina, Hosseini, Seyed Ali, Goenka, Shifalika, Gholamalishahi, Shima, Kosen, Soewarta, Compernolle, Sofie, Enescu, Stefan Paul, Popovic, Stevo, Paudel, Susan, Andrade, Susana, Titze, Sylvia, Davidson, Tamu, Dusingizimana, Theogene, Dorner, Thomas E., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Huong, Tran Thanh, Sychareun, Vanphanom, Jarevska-Simovska, Vera, Puloka, Viliami Kulikefu, Onywera, Vincent, Wendel-Vos, Wanda, Dionyssiotis, Yannis, and Pratt, Michael

Subjects
public health practice, health promotion, epidemiology, guidelines and recommendations, measurement
Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.

Published
2022

14. Mortality amenable to healthcare in Latin American cities: a cross-sectional study examining between-country variation in amenable mortality and the role of urban metrics.

Author

Mullachery, Pricila H, Rodriguez, Daniel A, Miranda, J Jaime, López-Olmedo, Nancy, Martinez-Folgar, Kevin, Barreto, Mauricio L, Roux, Ana V Diez, Bilal, Usama, and Diez Roux, Ana V

Subjects
URBAN growth, CROSS-sectional method, SMALL cities, CITY dwellers, MORTALITY, DEATH certificates
Abstract

Background: This study examined the variation in city-level amenable mortality, i.e. mortality due to conditions that can be mitigated in the presence of timely and effective healthcare, in 363 Latin American cities and measured associations between amenable-mortality rates and urban metrics.Methods: We used death records from 363 cities with populations of >100 000 people in nine Latin American countries from 2010 to 2016. We calculated sex-specific age-adjusted amenable-mortality rates per 100 000. We fitted multilevel linear models with cities nested within countries and estimated associations between amenable mortality and urban metrics, including population size and growth, fragmentation of urban development and socio-economic status.Results: Cities in Mexico, Colombia and Brazil had the highest rates of amenable mortality. Overall, >70% of the variability in amenable mortality was due to between-country heterogeneity. But for preventable amenable mortality, those for which the healthcare system can prevent new cases, most of the variability in rates occurred between cities within countries. Population size and fragmentation of urban development were associated with amenable mortality. Higher fragmentation of urban development was associated with lower amenable mortality in small cities and higher amenable mortality in large cities. Population growth and higher city-level socio-economic status were associated with lower amenable mortality.Conclusions: Most of the variability in amenable mortality in Latin American cities was due to between-county heterogeneity. However, urban metrics such as population size and growth, fragmentation of urban development and city-level socio-economic status may have a role in the distribution of amenable mortality across cities within countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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19. Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys.

Author

Ramírez Varela A, Hallal PC, Mejía Grueso J, Pedišić Ž, Salvo D, Nguyen A, Klepac B, Bauman A, Siefken K, Hinckson E, Oyeyemi AL, Richards J, Salih Khidir ED, Inoue S, Amagasa S, Jauregui A, da Silva MC, Lee IM, Ding M, Kohl HW, Ekelund U, Heath GW, Powell KE, Foster C, Memon AR, Doumbia A, Rather AR, Razzaque A, Diouf A, Hino AA, Damasceno A, Abebe AD, Florindo AA, Mannocci A, Aringazina A, Juričan AB, Poffet A, Decelis A, Carlin A, Enescu A, Ochoa Avilés AM, Kontsevaya A, Somhegyi A, Vuillemin A, El Hamdouchi A, Théodore AA, Masanovic B, Lynch BM, Medina C, Del Campo C, Abdeta C, Moreways C, Ranasinghe C, Howitt C, Cameron C, Jurakić D, Martinez-Gomez D, Tladi D, Diro DT, Adlakha D, Mitić D, Bjelica D, Biernat E, Chisati EM, Lambert EV, Cerin E, Lee EY, Riso EM, Cañete Villalba F, Assah F, Lovrić F, Araya-Vargas GA, La Torre G, Cruz GIN, Baltaci G, Al Sabbah H, Nalecz H, Nashandi HL, Park H, Revuelta-Sánchez I, Nusurupia JJ, Zamora JL, Kopcakova J, Brazo-Sayavera J, Oppert JM, Nie J, Spence JC, Bradley JS, Mota J, Mitáš J, Chen J, Hylton KS, Fromel K, Milton K, Borodulin K, Moustapha KA, Martinez-Folgar K, Nasreddine L, Christiansen LB, Malisoux L, Malete L, Grepo-Jalao LC, Monteiro LZ, Al Subhi LK, Dakskobler M, Alnaji M, Garro MC, Hagströmer M, Murphy MH, Mclaughlin M, Rivera-Morales M, Scheinowitz M, Shkodra M, Piątkowska M, Chaudhury M, Alrashdi NZ, Mutrie N, Murphy N, Ahmad NH, Obeidat NA, Gómez NYR, Liangruenrom N, Arnesto OD, Flores-Flores O, Incarbone O, Chimeddamba O, Bovet P, Magalhães P, Jousilahti P, Katewongsa P, Gómez RAL, Shihab RA, Ocansey R, Veress R, Marine R, Carrizales-Ramos R, Saeed SY, El-Ashker S, Green S, Kasoma S, Beretervide S, Baldew SS, Nichols S, Khoo S, Hosseini SA, Goenka S, Gholamalishahi S, Kosen S, Compernolle S, Enescu SP, Popovic S, Paudel S, Andrade S, Titze S, Davidson T, Dusingizimana T, Dorner TE, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Huong TT, Sychareun V, Jarevska-Simovska V, Puloka VK, Onywera V, Wendel-Vos W, Dionyssiotis Y, and Pratt M

Subjects
Humans, Legal Epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Global Health, Exercise, Policy
Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries., Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years., Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world's population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world's population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved., Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.

Published
2022
Full Text
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