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42 results on '"Martinez-Barco, P."'

1. Semi-Automatic Dataset Annotation Applied to Automatic Violent Message Detection

Author

Beatriz Botella-Gil, Robiert Sepulveda-Torres, Alba Bonet-Jover, Patricio Martinez-Barco, and Estela Saquete

Subjects
Natural language processing, violent language, hate speech detection, assisted annotation, dataset construction, human-in-the-loop, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Annotated corpora are indispensable tools to train computational models in Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing. However, manual annotation is a costly, arduous, and time-consuming task, especially when the annotation is semantically complex. To address the problem, this work applies a methodology for semi-automatic annotation of datasets based on the Human-in-the-Loop paradigm. The methodology supports the building of a resource, that benefits from a fine-grained annotation, to aid in the detection of Spanish violent messages sourced from social media (Twitter/X). After implementing the proposed methodology for semi-automatic violence annotation, a high quality resource was obtained (hereafter referred to as VILLANOS). The methodology consists of annotating the dataset incrementally, which delivers an increase in annotator efficiency, thereby validating the suitability of the proposal. Annotation time was reduced by 52% compared to manual annotation and performance, by training a model with the VILLANOS dataset, obtains an $F_{1}$ of 85.2%. These results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the methodology, evidencing its validity.

Published
2024
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2. Enhancing QA Systems with Complex Temporal Question Processing Capabilities

Author

Saquete, Estela, Vicedo, Jose Luis, Martínez-Barco, Patricio, Muñoz, Rafael, and Llorens, Hector

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

This paper presents a multilayered architecture that enhances the capabilities of current QA systems and allows different types of complex questions or queries to be processed. The answers to these questions need to be gathered from factual information scattered throughout different documents. Specifically, we designed a specialized layer to process the different types of temporal questions. Complex temporal questions are first decomposed into simple questions, according to the temporal relations expressed in the original question. In the same way, the answers to the resulting simple questions are recomposed, fulfilling the temporal restrictions of the original complex question. A novel aspect of this approach resides in the decomposition which uses a minimal quantity of resources, with the final aim of obtaining a portable platform that is easily extensible to other languages. In this paper we also present a methodology for evaluation of the decomposition of the questions as well as the ability of the implemented temporal layer to perform at a multilingual level. The temporal layer was first performed for English, then evaluated and compared with: a) a general purpose QA system (F-measure 65.47% for QA plus English temporal layer vs. 38.01% for the general QA system), and b) a well-known QA system. Much better results were obtained for temporal questions with the multilayered system. This system was therefore extended to Spanish and very good results were again obtained in the evaluation (F-measure 40.36% for QA plus Spanish temporal layer vs. 22.94% for the general QA system).

Published
2014
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3. Computational Approach to Anaphora Resolution in Spanish Dialogues

Author

Martinez-Barco, P. and Palomar, M.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

This paper presents an algorithm for identifying noun-phrase antecedents of pronouns and adjectival anaphors in Spanish dialogues. We believe that anaphora resolution requires numerous sources of information in order to find the correct antecedent of the anaphor. These sources can be of different kinds, e.g., linguistic information, discourse/dialogue structure information, or topic information. For this reason, our algorithm uses various different kinds of information (hybrid information). The algorithm is based on linguistic constraints and preferences and uses an anaphoric accessibility space within which the algorithm finds the noun phrase. We present some experiments related to this algorithm and this space using a corpus of 204 dialogues. The algorithm is implemented in Prolog. According to this study, 95.9% of antecedents were located in the proposed space, a precision of 81.3% was obtained for pronominal anaphora resolution, and 81.5% for adjectival anaphora.

Published
2011
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4. A Knowledge-Based Textual Entailment Approach Applied to the AVE Task

Author

Ferrández, Ó., Terol, R. M., Muñoz, R., Martínez-Barco, P., Palomar, M., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Peters, Carol, editor, Clough, Paul, editor, Gey, Fredric C., editor, Karlgren, Jussi, editor, Magnini, Bernardo, editor, Oard, Douglas W., editor, de Rijke, Maarten, editor, and Stempfhuber, Maximilian, editor

Published
2007
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6. Evaluation of Complex Temporal Questions in CLEF-QA

Author

Saquete, E., Vicedo, J. L., Martínez-Barco, P., Muñoz, R., Llopis, F., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Peters, Carol, editor, Clough, Paul, editor, Gonzalo, Julio, editor, Jones, Gareth J. F., editor, Kluck, Michael, editor, and Magnini, Bernardo, editor

Published
2005
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8. Automatic Multilinguality for Time Expression Resolution

Author

Saquete, Estela, Martínez-Barco, P., Muñoz, R., Goos, Gerhard, editor, Hartmanis, Juris, editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Monroy, Raúl, editor, Arroyo-Figueroa, Gustavo, editor, Sucar, Luis Enrique, editor, and Sossa, Humberto, editor

Published
2004
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15. Automatic extraction of syntactic semantic patterns for multilingual resources

Author

Navarro, B., Palomar, M., Martinez-Barco, P., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, and Procesamiento del Lenguaje y Sistemas de Información (GPLSI)

Subjects
Automatic extraction, Multilinguality, Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Syntactic semantic patterns, Alignment
Abstract

In this paper we present an automatic system for the extraction of syntactic semantic patterns applied to the development of multilingual processing tools. In order to achieve optimum methods for the automatic treatment of more than one language, we propose the use of syntactic semantic patterns. These patterns are formed by a verbal head and the main arguments, and they are aligned among languages. In this paper we present an automatic system for the extraction and alignment of syntactic semantic patterns from two manually annotated corpora, and evaluate the main linguistic problems that we must deal with in the alignment process.

Published
2004

16. Multilingual Extension of a Temporal Expression Normalizer using Annotated Corpora

Author

Saquete, E., Martinez-Barco, P., Munoz, R., Negri, M., Speranza, M., Sprugnoli, Rachele, R. Sprugnoli (ORCID:0000-0001-6861-5595), Saquete, E., Martinez-Barco, P., Munoz, R., Negri, M., Speranza, M., Sprugnoli, Rachele, and R. Sprugnoli (ORCID:0000-0001-6861-5595)

Abstract

This paper presents the automatic extension to other languages of TERSEO, a knowledge-based system for the recognition and normalization of temporal expressions originally developed for Spanish. TERSEO was first extended to English through the automatic translation of the temporal expressions. Then, an improved porting process was applied to Italian, where the automatic translation of the temporal expressions from English and from Spanish was combined with the extraction of new expressions from an Italian annotated corpus. Experimental results demonstrate how, while still adhering to the rule-based paradigm, the development of automatic rule translation procedures allowed us to minimize the effort required for porting to new languages. Relying on such procedures, and without any manual effort or previous knowledge of the target language, TERSEO recognizes and normalizes temporal expressions in Italian with good results (72% precision and 83% recall for recognition).

Published
2006

17. Automatic resolution rule assignment to multilingual temporal expressions using annotated corpora

Author

Saquete, E., Martinez-Barco, P., Munoz, R., Negri, M., Speranza, M., Sprugnoli, Rachele, R. Sprugnoli (ORCID:0000-0001-6861-5595), Saquete, E., Martinez-Barco, P., Munoz, R., Negri, M., Speranza, M., Sprugnoli, Rachele, and R. Sprugnoli (ORCID:0000-0001-6861-5595)

Abstract

The knowledge-based system TERSEO was originally developed for the recognition and normalization of temporal expressions in Spanish and then extended to other languages: to English first, through the automatic translation of the temporal expressions, and then to Italian, applying a porting process where the automatic translation of the rules was combined with the extraction of expressions from an annotated corpus. In this paper we present a new automatic porting procedure, where resolution rules are automatically assigned to the temporal expressions that have been acquired in a new language, thus eliminating the need for automatic translation and consequently minimizing the errors produced. This is achieved by exploiting the rules of the temporal model, which are language independent, and the information extracted from the annotated corpus. Evaluation results of the updated version of TERSEO for English show a considerable improvement in recognition performance (+ 14% F-measure) with respect to the original system.

Published
2006

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