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2. Emotion processing in maltreated boys and girls: Evidence for latent vulnerability

Author

Diaconu, Bianca, Kohls, Gregor, Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Cornwell, Harriet, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Fann, Nikola, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel, Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa, Maider, Hervas, Amaia, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Freitag, Christine M., Fairchild, Graeme, Rotshtein, Pia, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2023
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5. Machine learning classification of conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits based on facial emotion recognition abilities

Author

Pauli, Ruth, Kohls, Gregor, Tino, Peter, Rogers, Jack C., Baumann, Sarah, Ackermann, Katharina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Jansen, Lucres, Oldenhof, Helena, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Boonmann, Cyril, Kersten, Linda, Bigorra, Aitana, Hervas, Amaia, Stadler, Christina, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, Popma, Arne, Konrad, Kerstin, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Fairchild, Graeme, Freitag, Christine M., Rotshtein, Pia, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2023
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6. Testing the Ecophenotype Model: Cortical Structure Alterations in Conduct Disorder With Versus Without Childhood Maltreatment

Author

Staginnus, Marlene, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C., Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Raschle, Nora Maria, Konrad, Kerstin, Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine M., De Brito, Stephane A., and Fairchild, Graeme

Published
2023
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11. Sex-specific associations of basal steroid hormones and neuropeptides with Conduct Disorder and neuroendocrine mediation of environmental risk

Author

Bernhard, Anka, Kirchner, Marietta, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Kohls, Gregor, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Wells, Amy, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, De Artaza-Lavesa, Maider Gonzalez, Raschle, Nora Maria, Konsta, Angeliki, Siklósi, Réka, Hervás, Amaia, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, De Brito, Stephane A., Popma, Arne, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Fairchild, Graeme, and Freitag, Christine M.

Published
2021
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13. Investigating Sex Differences in Emotion Recognition, Learning, and Regulation Among Youths With Conduct Disorder

Author

Kohls, Gregor, Baumann, Sarah, Gundlach, Malou, Scharke, Wolfgang, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Kersten, Linda, Prätzlich, Martin, Oldenhof, Helena, Jansen, Lucres, van den Boogaard, Lisette, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Cornwell, Harriet, Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Clanton, Roberta, Baker, Rosalind, Bigorra, Aitana, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Sesma-Pardo, Eva, Aguirregomoscorta-Menéndez, Fernando, Siklósi, Réka, Dochnal, Roberta, Kalogerakis, Zacharias, Pirlympou, Mara, Papadakos, Leonidas, Dikeos, Dimitris, Hervas, Amaia, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, Popma, Arne, Stadler, Christina, De Brito, Stephane A., Blair, James R., Freitag, Christine M., Fairchild, Graeme, and Konrad, Kerstin

Published
2020
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15. START NOW: a cognitive behavioral skills training for adolescent girls with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder – a randomized clinical trial

Author

Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, Popma, Arne; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-3023, Nauta‐Jansen, Lucres; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8475-4050, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Unternaehrer, Eva, Ackermann, Katharina; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-7680, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Oldenhof, Helena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-1519, Gundlach, Malou, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Prätzlich, Martin, Kieser, Meinhard, Limprecht, Ronald, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Vriends, Noortje, Trestman, Robert L, Kirchner, Marietta, Kersten, Linda, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, Popma, Arne; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-3023, Nauta‐Jansen, Lucres; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8475-4050, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Unternaehrer, Eva, Ackermann, Katharina; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-7680, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Oldenhof, Helena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-1519, Gundlach, Malou, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Prätzlich, Martin, Kieser, Meinhard, Limprecht, Ronald, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Vriends, Noortje, Trestman, Robert L, Kirchner, Marietta, and Kersten, Linda

Abstract

Background Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) both convey a high risk for maladjustment later in life and are understudied in girls. Here, we aimed at confirming the efficacy of START NOW, a cognitive‐behavioral, dialectical behavior therapy‐oriented skills training program aiming to enhance emotion regulation skills, interpersonal and psychosocial adjustment, adapted for female adolescents with CD or ODD. Methods A total of 127 girls were included in this prospective, cluster randomized, multi‐center, parallel group, quasi‐randomized, controlled phase III trial, which tested the efficacy of START NOW (n = 72) compared with standard care (treatment as usual, TAU, n = 55). All female adolescents had a clinical diagnosis of CD or ODD, were 15.6 (±1.5) years on average (range: 12–20 years), and were institutionalized in youth welfare institutions. The two primary endpoints were the change in number of CD/ODD symptoms between (1) baseline (T1) and post‐treatment (T3), and (2) between T1 and 12‐week follow‐up (T4). Results Both treatment groups showed reduced CD/ODD symptoms at T3 compared with T1 (95% CI: START NOW = −4.87, −2.49; TAU = −4.94, −2.30). There was no significant mean difference in CD/ODD symptom reduction from T1 to T3 between START NOW and TAU (−0.056; 95% CI = −1.860, 1.749; Hedge's g = −0.011). However, the START NOW group showed greater mean symptom reduction from T1 to T4 (−2.326; 95% CI = −4.274, −0.378; Hedge's g = −0.563). Additionally, secondary endpoint results revealed a reduction in staff reported aggression and parent‐reported irritability at post assessment. Conclusions Although START NOW did not result in greater symptom reduction from baseline to post‐treatment compared with TAU, the START NOW group showed greater symptom reduction from baseline to follow‐up with a medium effect size, which indicates a clinically meaningful delayed treatment effect.

Published
2024

16. Correction: SLC25A24 gene methylation and gray matter volume in females with and without conduct disorder: an exploratory epigenetic neuroimaging study

Author

Farrow, Elizabeth, Chiocchetti, Andreas G., Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Raschle, Nora M., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Smaragdi, Areti, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Fairchild, Graeme, Freitag, Christine M., Chechlacz, Magdalena, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2021
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19. Resting autonomic nervous system activity is unrelated to antisocial behaviour dimensions in adolescents: Cross-sectional findings from a European multi-centre study

Author

Prätzlich, Martin, Oldenhof, Helena, Steppan, Martin, Ackermann, Katharina, Baker, Rosalind, Batchelor, Molly, Baumann, Sarah, Bernhard, Anka, Clanton, Roberta, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dochnal, Roberta, Fehlbaum, Lynn Valérie, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, González de Artaza-Lavesa, Maider, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Guijarro, Silvina, Gundlach, Malou, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hervas, Amaia, Jansen, Lucres, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Kersten, Linda, Kirchner, Marietta, Kohls, Gregor, Konsta, Angeliki, Lazaratou, Helen, Martinelli, Anne, Menks, Willeke Martine, Puzzo, Ignazio, Raschle, Nora Maria, Rogers, Jack, Siklósi, Réka, Smaragdi, Areti, Vriends, Noortje, Konrad, Kerstin, De Brito, Stephane, Fairchild, Graeme, Kieser, Meinhard, Freitag, Christine M., Popma, Arne, and Stadler, Christina

Published
2019
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20. Baseline autonomic nervous system activity in female children and adolescents with conduct disorder: Psychophysiological findings from the FemNAT-CD study

Author

Oldenhof, Helena, Prätzlich, Martin, Ackermann, Katharina, Baker, Rosalind, Batchelor, Molly, Baumann, Sarah, Bernhard, Anka, Clanton, Roberta, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dochnal, Roberta, Fehlbaum, Lynn Valérie, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, de Geus, Eco, Gonzalez, Karen, de Artaza-Lavesa, Maider González, Guijarro, Silvina, Gundlach, Malou, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hervas, Amaia, Jansen, Lucres, Kersten, Linda, Kohls, Gregor, Konsta, Angeliki, Lazaratou, Helen, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Martinelli, Anne, van Nimwegen, Tisse, Puzzo, Ignazio, Raschle, Nora Maria, Rogers, Jack, Siklósi, Réka, Smaragdi, Areti, Steppan, Martin, De Brito, Stephane, Fairchild, Graeme, Kieser, Meinhard, Konrad, Kerstin, Freitag, Christine, Stadler, Christina, and Popma, Arne

Published
2019
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21. Cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder: a coordinated analysis of 15 international cohorts from the ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior Working Group

Author

Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, Townend, Sophie, Arango, Celso, Bajaj, Sahil, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Edward D., Benegal, Vivek, Berluti, Kathryn, Bernhard, Anka, Blair, Robert J.R., Boateng, Charlotte P.S., Bokde, Arun L.W., Brandeis, Daniel, Buitelaar, Jan K., Burt, S. Alexandra, Cardinale, Elise M., Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Hui, Chen, Xianliang, Chester, Sally C., Colins, Olivier F., Cornwell, Harriet, Craig, Michael, Cubillo, Ana I., Desrivieres, Sylvane, Díaz, Dana E., Dietrich, Andrea, Dong, Daifeng, Dykstra, Anouk H., Franke, Barbara, Freitag, Christine M., Glennon, Jeffrey C., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Hagan, Cindy C., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Holla, Bharath, Hyde, Luke W., Ibrahim, Karim, Jabeen, Nimrah, Jackson, Rebecca L., Jiang, Yali, Kohls, Gregor, Konrad, Kerstin, Kypta-Vivanco, Alexandra, Lamers, Kim, Ma, Ren, Marsh, Abigail A., Martinelli, Anne, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Michalska, Kalina J., Ming, Qingsen, Minosse, Silvia, Mitchell, Colter, Monk, Christopher S., Murphy, Declan, Mycue, Leah E., Naaijen, Jilly, Oosterling, Maaike, Passamonti, Luca, Pauli, Ruth, Penzol Alonso, Maria Jose, Phillips, Harriet, Ploe, Montana L., Raschle, Nora M., Roberts, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C., Rosa-Justicia, Mireia, Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas, Schulze, Ulrike M.E., Schumann, Gunter, Sethi, Arjun, Smaragdi, Areti, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S., Stadler, Christina, Stevens, Michael C., Sukhodolsky, Denis G., Sully, Kate, Sun, Xiaoqiang, Toschi, Nicola, Townsend, Christopher D., van der Wee, Nic J.A., Vermeiren, Robert, Viding, Essi, Wang, Xiaoping, Westerman, Heidi B., Wu, Qiong, Yao, Shuqiao, Zhang, Jibiao, Zhou, Jiansong, Zhou, Jiawei, Jahanshad, Neda, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Ching, Christopher R.K., Kang, Melody J.Y., Thompson, Paul M., Klapwijk, Eduard T., Pine, Daniel S., Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, Cecil, Charlotte A.M., Aghajani, Moji, Walton, Esther, Fairchild, Graeme, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Abstract

Conduct disorder is associated with the highest burden of any mental disorder in childhood, yet its neurobiology remains unclear. Inconsistent findings limit our understanding of the role of brain structure alterations in conduct disorder. This study aims to identify the most robust and replicable brain structural correlates of conduct disorder.

Published
2024
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22. Identifying Cortical Structure Markers of Resilience to Adversity in Young People using Surface-Based Morphometry

Author

Cornwell, Harriet, primary, Toschi, Nicola, additional, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, additional, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, additional, Mackes, Nuria, additional, Rogers, Jack, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Raschle, Nora Maria, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Stadler, Christina, additional, Freitag, Christine M, additional, De Brito, Stephane A, additional, and Fairchild, Graeme, additional

Published
2024
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27. Relational Aggression in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Behavioral Correlates

Author

Ackermann, Katharina, Kirchner, Marietta, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Anomitri, Chrysanthi, Baker, Rosalind, Baumann, Sarah, Dochnal, Roberta, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hervas, Amaia, Jansen, Lucres, Kapornai, Kristina, Kersten, Linda, Kohls, Gregor, Limprecht, Ronald, Lazaratou, Helen, McLaughlin, Ana, Oldenhof, Helena, Rogers, Jack C., Siklósi, Réka, Smaragdi, Areti, Vivanco-Gonzalez, Esther, Stadler, Christina, Fairchild, Graeme, Popma, Arne, De Brito, Stephane A., Konrad, Kerstin, and Freitag, Christine M.

Published
2019
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28. Callous-unemotional traits and brain structure: Sex-specific effects in anterior insula of typically-developing youths

Author

Raschle, Nora Maria, Menks, Willeke Martine, Fehlbaum, Lynn Valérie, Steppan, Martin, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Rogers, Jack, Clanton, Roberta, Kohls, Gregor, Martinelli, Anne, Bernhard, Anka, Konrad, Kerstin, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Freitag, Christine M., Fairchild, Graeme, De Brito, Stephane A., and Stadler, Christina

Published
2018
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29. START NOW: a cognitive behavioral skills training for adolescent girls with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder – a randomized clinical trial

Author

Stadler, Christina, primary, Freitag, Christine M., additional, Popma, Arne, additional, Nauta‐Jansen, Lucres, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Unternaehrer, Eva, additional, Ackermann, Katharina, additional, Bernhard, Anka, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Oldenhof, Helena, additional, Gundlach, Malou, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Prätzlich, Martin, additional, Kieser, Meinhard, additional, Limprecht, Ronald, additional, Raschle, Nora M., additional, Vriends, Noortje, additional, Trestman, Robert L., additional, Kirchner, Marietta, additional, and Kersten, Linda, additional

Published
2023
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31. Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents

Author

Smaragdi, Areti, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Riccelli, Roberta, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Wells, Amy, Clanton, Roberta, Baker, Rosalind, Rogers, Jack, Martin-Key, Nayra, Puzzo, Ignazio, Batchelor, Molly, Sidlauskaite, Justina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Konrad, Kerstin, Baumann, Sarah, Raschle, Nora, Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S., De Brito, Stephane, and Fairchild, Graeme

Published
2017
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34. START NOW: a cognitive behavioral skills training for adolescent girls with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder – a randomized clinical trial.

Author

Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine M., Popma, Arne, Nauta‐Jansen, Lucres, Konrad, Kerstin, Unternaehrer, Eva, Ackermann, Katharina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Oldenhof, Helena, Gundlach, Malou, Kohls, Gregor, Prätzlich, Martin, Kieser, Meinhard, Limprecht, Ronald, Raschle, Nora M., Vriends, Noortje, Trestman, Robert L., Kirchner, Marietta, and Kersten, Linda

Subjects
RESEARCH, CONFIDENCE intervals, RESEARCH methodology, PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning, BEHAVIOR disorders, PSYCHOLOGY of women, OPPOSITIONAL defiant disorder in children, AGGRESSION (Psychology), COGNITIVE therapy, MOTOR ability, SOCIAL disabilities, LONGITUDINAL method, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Background: Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) both convey a high risk for maladjustment later in life and are understudied in girls. Here, we aimed at confirming the efficacy of START NOW, a cognitive‐behavioral, dialectical behavior therapy‐oriented skills training program aiming to enhance emotion regulation skills, interpersonal and psychosocial adjustment, adapted for female adolescents with CD or ODD. Methods: A total of 127 girls were included in this prospective, cluster randomized, multi‐center, parallel group, quasi‐randomized, controlled phase III trial, which tested the efficacy of START NOW (n = 72) compared with standard care (treatment as usual, TAU, n = 55). All female adolescents had a clinical diagnosis of CD or ODD, were 15.6 (±1.5) years on average (range: 12–20 years), and were institutionalized in youth welfare institutions. The two primary endpoints were the change in number of CD/ODD symptoms between (1) baseline (T1) and post‐treatment (T3), and (2) between T1 and 12‐week follow‐up (T4). Results: Both treatment groups showed reduced CD/ODD symptoms at T3 compared with T1 (95% CI: START NOW = −4.87, −2.49; TAU = −4.94, −2.30). There was no significant mean difference in CD/ODD symptom reduction from T1 to T3 between START NOW and TAU (−0.056; 95% CI = −1.860, 1.749; Hedge's g = −0.011). However, the START NOW group showed greater mean symptom reduction from T1 to T4 (−2.326; 95% CI = −4.274, −0.378; Hedge's g = −0.563). Additionally, secondary endpoint results revealed a reduction in staff reported aggression and parent‐reported irritability at post assessment. Conclusions: Although START NOW did not result in greater symptom reduction from baseline to post‐treatment compared with TAU, the START NOW group showed greater symptom reduction from baseline to follow‐up with a medium effect size, which indicates a clinically meaningful delayed treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. 91. Testing the Ecophenotype Hypothesis: Investigating the Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on White Matter Microstructure in Young People With Conduct Disorder

Author

Townend, Sophie, primary, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Rogers, Jack, additional, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Raschle, Nora, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Stadler, Christina, additional, Freitag, Christine, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, De Brito, Stephane, additional, and Fairchild, Graeme, additional

Published
2023
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39. Testing the Ecophenotype Model: Cortical Structure Alterations in Conduct Disorder With Versus Without Childhood Maltreatment

Author

Staginnus, Marlene; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-6271, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938, Staginnus, Marlene; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-6271, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, and Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938

Published
2023

40. Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry

Author

Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, Staginnus, Marlene, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Rogers, Jack, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, Staginnus, Marlene, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Rogers, Jack, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, and Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9–18 years (M$_{age}$ = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual’s distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience.

Published
2023

46. Validation of the Network of Relationship Inventory in Female and Male Adolescents

Author

Ackermann, Katharina, Martinelli, Anne, Bernhard, Anka, Ueno, Kathrin, Freitag, Christine M., Büttner, Gerhard, Schmiedek, Florian, and Schwenck, Christina

Abstract

Abstract.Friendships and their different qualities have been shown to be important for adolescents’ socio-emotional development and psychological adjustment. In empirical research on such friendship qualities, the Network of Relationship Inventory – Relationship Quality Version (NRI-RQV) is a widely used questionnaire. Here, we conduct an extensive validation of a German version of the NRI-RQV, investigating its factor structure, reliability, and concurrent validity, in a sample of N= 679 adolescents aged 13–18 years. Applying multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we further test whether the factor structure of the friendship quality construct holds across groups of males and females. Results showed that a structure with nine correlated first-order factors fit the data well, indicating nine distinct friendship qualities in males and females. Measurement invariance testing suggested the same underlying friendship quality construct, albeit differences in mean scores per gender. As evidence for concurrent validity, closeness and discordant friendship qualities showed expected correlations with empathy and social problems, respectively, but not with aggressive behavior. Overall, results indicate good psychometric properties for the German version of the NRI-RQV as a measure of friendship qualities in both males and females.

Published
2024
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47. A mega-analysis of cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder in youth: Influence of sex, age-of-onset and callous-unemotional traits

Author

Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, De Brito, Stephane, Fairchild, Graeme, Aghajani, Moji, Klapwijk, Eduard, Cecil, Charlotte, Baskin–Sommers, Arielle, Pine, Daniel, Raine, Adrian, Walton, Esther, Thompson, Paul, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Jahanshad, Neda, Sully, Kate, Zhou, Jiawei, Oosterling, Maaike, Walsh, Nicholas, Hagan, Cindy, Kypta-Vivanco, Alexandra, Toschi, Nicola, Passamonti, Luca, Goodyer, Ian, Minosse, Silvia, Jackson, Rebecca, Michalska, Kalina, Glenn, Dana, Hyde, Luke, Westerman, Heidi, Monk, Christopher, Mitchell, Colter, Burt, S., Blair, James, Bajaj, Sahil, Dietrich, Andrea, Hoekstra, Pieter, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan, Lamers, Kim, Dykstra, Anouk, Naaijen, Jill, Glennon, Jeffrey, Viding, Essi, Sethi, Arjun, Roberts, Ruth, Philips, Harriet, Marsh, Abigail, Ploe, Montana, Berluti, Kathryn, Cardinale, Elise, Craig, Michael, Murphy, Declan, Vermeiren, Robert, van der Wee, Nic, Boateng, Charlotte, Colins, Olivier, Sukhodolsky, Denis, Ibrahim, Karim, Stevens, Michael, Yao, Shuqiao, Jiang, Yali, Zhong, Xue, Zhang, Jibiao, Ming, Qingsen, Ma, Ren, Wang, Xiaoping, Zhou, Jiansong, Chen, Hui, Chen, Xianliang, Benegal, Vivek, Holla, Bharath, Schumann, Gunter, Freitag, Christine, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Raschle, Nora, Rogers, Jack, Cubillo, Ana, Kohls, Gregor, Martinelli, Anne, Cornwell, Harriet, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Pauli, Ruth, Townend, Sophie, Chester, Sally, Townsend, Christopher, Jabeen, Nimrah, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, and Barker, Edward

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, conduct disorder, Mega-analysis, Developmental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, ENIGMA, Life Sciences, Psychology, Structural MRI study, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Conduct disorder (CD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders and is characterised by a repetitive and pervasive pattern of aggressive or antisocial behaviours, such as physical aggression towards other humans or animals, theft, property damage and rule violations (APA, 2013). The worldwide prevalence of CD is estimated to be 2-2.5%, with a prevalence of 3-4% in boys and 1-2% in girls (Maughan et al., 2004). Overall, CD is a leading cause of referral to child and adolescent mental health services and places an enormous burden on the affected individuals, their families and society (Erksine et al., 2014; Rivenbark et al., 2018). Although neuroimaging studies have reported alterations in brain structure in CD and supported the view that CD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, a major concern of the diagnostic criteria for CD (e.g., initiating physical fights) is that they are entirely based on behavioural symptoms, and can be shared with other disorders (e.g., ADHD, Substance Use Disorder, Tourette's disorder or Bipolar Disorder), and are therefore less informative about the underlying psychological states/cognitions or neural substrates which drive the symptoms (Blair et al., 2005; Fairchild et al., 2019). A comprehensive and thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of CD may help address this question and help refine diagnostic approaches. Neuroimaging studies on CD have shown altered neural responses in tasks involving emotional processing and executive function (Alegria et al., 2016; Noordermeer et al., 2016; Raschle et al., 2015) and reductions in grey matter volume (Noordermeer et al., 2016; Raschle et al., 2015; Rogers & De Brito, 2016) across a number of cortical (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal and insular cortices) and subcortical (e.g., amygdala and basal ganglia) regions critical for emotion processing and regulation, reinforcement-based decision-making, executive function and empathic responding (Fairchild et al., 2019). Although these discoveries marked pivotal advances in our understanding of CD, the evidence base suffers from two important limitations. First, inconsistent findings and a lack of replication are common; demographic and clinical features of the samples, as well as methodological factors, have likely contributed to this. For example, CD is a heterogeneous disorder with subtypes based on the age-of-onset of symptoms (childhood-onset versus adolescence-onset, which is defined by whether severe antisocial behaviours emerge before or after 10 years of age), and the presence or absence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits (encompassed by the ‘with limited prosocial emotions’ specifier in the DSM-5; APA, 2013). However, most primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of CD have not examined the influence of these subtypes on their findings. Potential sex differences in the relationship between CD and brain structure might also have contributed to the inconsistent findings (Smaragdi et al., 2017). Most studies of CD have focused only on males and hence it is currently understudied/unclear whether females with CD show similar alterations. Relatedly, studies that have investigated mixed-sex samples were largely underpowered to test for sex-by-diagnosis interactions and may hence have contributed to the inconsistencies observed in the literature. Second, most of the neuroimaging studies had small sample sizes, increasing the risk for false positives and false negatives (Button et al., 2013), as well as resulting in limited power to test differences between CD subtypes or explore heterogeneity. In this context, our understanding of CD-related brain structural alterations could be improved through a large-scale coordinated and harmonised analysis of the vast amounts of existing data to map brain differences in heterogeneous CD patients worldwide. In 2009, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analyses (ENIGMA) consortium (http://enigma.ini.usc.edu) was established to pool brain imaging data from existing cohorts across the world in order to better understand brain structure, function, and disease, based on meta- and mega-analyses of brain imaging and genetic data (Bearden & Thompson, 2017; Thompson et al., 2020). The ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior (ASB) working group aims to clarify associations between CD, conduct problems (CPs), psychopathy, or antisocial personality disorder and alterations in brain structure and function by using ENIGMA’s highly powered consortium approach to overcome the limitations of small studies with low power and uncertain reproducibility. Therefore, the proposed study will focus on examining the cortical and subcortical correlates of CD using a mega-analysis (i.e., individual participant data meta-analysis) of structural MRI (sMRI) data, considering the influence of subtypes and testing for possible sex-specific effects. In addition to those with a CD diagnosis, there is a considerable amount of youths demonstrating elevated CP (Ghandour et al., 2019; Deighton et al., 2019), but who have not been assessed with diagnostic instruments and/or have not received a clinical diagnosis of CD. It is of interest if the findings from case-control comparisons of brain structure can be generalised to undiagnosed youths with elevated CP. As youths with a CD diagnosis are often recruited from specialised settings (e.g., clinics, mental health services or youth offending services), studying youths with elevated CP recruited through non-specialised settings would reduce selection bias and increase the generalisability of findings to a broader population (Horga et al., 2014). Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated structural brain alterations in youths with elevated CP, including decreased grey matter volume in the insula, amygdala, frontal and temporal regions (Raschle et al., 2015; Rogers & De Brito, 2016). A longitudinal study also reported altered trajectories of cortical thickness development in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and volume of the hippocampus in youths showing elevated CP (Oostermeijer et al., 2016). Hence, both CP and CD appear to be related to similar and overlapping MRI findings of lower volume in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system. However, to date, no study has directly investigated if and how the cortical and subcortical alterations in youths with elevated CP overlap with the findings in youths with CD. Comparing youths with CD, elevated CP and TD will help clarify the neural mechanisms underlying antisocial behaviours in the clinical population, and extend the results to a more heterogeneous group of undiagnosed individuals showing elevated CP. Based on the ENIGMA-ASB datasets and using large-scale mega-analytical methods, the proposed study will also include an elevated CP group to identify the shared brain alterations underlying elevated antisocial behaviours as well as the specific alterations limited to youths with CD through the large-scale mega-analysis. Research Questions: (1) Do youths with CD show differences in cortical thickness, surface area and/or subcortical volume compared to TD youths? (2) How are sex, age-of-onset and CU traits related to brain alterations in CD? (3) Can alterations detected in youths with CD be generalised to youths with elevated CP?

Published
2022
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49. The methylome in females with adolescent Conduct Disorder: Neural pathomechanisms and environmental risk factors

Author

Geburtig-Chiocchetti, Andreas, Yousaf, Afsheen, Waltes, Regina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Haslinger, Denise, Rotter, Björn, Krezdorn, Nico, Konrad, Kerstin, Kohls, Gregor, Vetro, Agnes, Hervás, Amaia, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, Freitag, Christine M., Geburtig-Chiocchetti, Andreas, Yousaf, Afsheen, Waltes, Regina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Haslinger, Denise, Rotter, Björn, Krezdorn, Nico, Konrad, Kerstin, Kohls, Gregor, Vetro, Agnes, Hervás, Amaia, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, and Freitag, Christine M.

Abstract

Conduct Disorder (CD) is an impairing psychiatric disorder of childhood and adolescence characterized by aggressive and dissocial behavior. Environmental factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy, socio-economic status, trauma, or early life stress are associated with CD. Although the number of females with CD is rising in Western societies, CD is under-researched in female cohorts. We aimed at exploring the epigenetic signature of females with CD and its relation to psychosocial and environmental risk factors. We performed HpaII sensitive genome-wide methylation sequencing of 49 CD girls and 50 matched typically developing controls and linear regression models to identify differentially methylated CpG loci (tags) and regions. Significant tags and regions were mapped to the respective genes and tested for enrichment in pathways and brain developmental processes. Finally, epigenetic signatures were tested as mediators for CD-associated risk factors. We identified a 12% increased methylation 5’ of the neurite modulator SLITRK5 (FDR = 0.0046) in cases within a glucocorticoid receptor binding site. Functionally, methylation positively correlated with gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. At systems-level, genes (uncorr. P < 0.01) were associated with development of neurons, neurite outgrowth or neuronal developmental processes. At gene expression level, the associated gene-networks are activated perinatally and during early childhood in neocortical regions, thalamus and striatum, and expressed in amygdala and hippocampus. Specifically, the epigenetic signatures of the gene network activated in the thalamus during early childhood correlated with the effect of parental education on CD status possibly mediating its protective effect. The differential methylation patterns identified in females with CD are likely to affect genes that are expressed in brain regions previously indicated in CD. We provide suggestive evidence that protective effects are likely me

Published
2022

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