142 results on '"Martine, Hossaert-McKey"'
Search Results
2. Floral scent of the Mediterranean fig tree: significant inter-varietal difference but strong conservation of the signal responsible for pollinator attraction
- Author
-
Li Cao, Younes Hmimsa, Salama El fatehi, Bruno Buatois, Marie-Pierre Dubois, Maïlys Le Moigne, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, and Magali Proffit
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract For thousands of years, humans have domesticated different plants by selecting for particular characters, often affecting less-known traits, including the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by these plants for defense or reproduction. The fig tree Ficus carica has a very wide range of varieties in the Mediterranean region and is selected for its traits affecting fruits, including pollination, but the effect of human-driven diversification on the VOCs emitted by the receptive figs to attract their pollinator (Blastophaga psenes) is not known. In the present study, VOCs from receptive figs of eight varieties in northern Morocco, were collected at different times within the manual pollination period and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Genetic analyses using microsatellite loci were performed on the same varieties. Despite strong inter-varietal differences in the quantity and relative proportions of all VOCs, the relative proportions of the four pollinator-attractive VOCs showed limited variation among varieties. There was no significant correlation between genetic markers and chemical profiles of the different varieties. While diversification driven by humans has led to differences between varieties in VOC profiles, this paper suggests that throughout the process of domestication and varietal diversification, stabilizing selection has maintained a strong signal favoring pollinator attraction.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Manganese distribution in the Mn-hyperaccumulator Grevillea meisneri from New Caledonia
- Author
-
Camille Bihanic, Eddy Petit, Roseline Perrot, Lucie Cases, Armelle Garcia, Franck Pelissier, Cyril Poullain, Camille Rivard, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Doyle McKey, and Claude Grison
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract New Caledonian endemic Mn-hyperaccumulator Grevillea meisneri is useful species for the preparation of ecocatalysts, which contain Mn–Ca oxides that are very difficult to synthesize under laboratory conditions. Mechanisms leading to their formation in the ecocatalysts are unknown. Comparing tissue-level microdistribution of these two elements could provide clues. We studied tissue-level distribution of Mn, Ca, and other elements in different tissues of G. meisneri using micro-X-Ray Fluorescence-spectroscopy (μXRF), and the speciation of Mn by micro-X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (µXANES), comparing nursery-grown plants transplanted into the site, and similar-sized plants growing naturally on the site. Mirroring patterns in other Grevillea species, Mn concentrations were highest in leaf epidermal tissues, in cortex and vascular tissues of stems and primary roots, and in phloem and pericycle–endodermis of parent cluster roots. Strong positive Mn/Ca correlations were observed in every tissue of G. meisneri where Mn was the most concentrated. Mn foliar speciation confirmed what was already reported for G. exul, with strong evidence for carboxylate counter-ions. The co-localization of Ca and Mn in the same tissues of G. meisneri might in some way facilitate the formation of mixed Ca–Mn oxides upon preparation of Eco-CaMnOx ecocatalysts from this plant. Grevillea meisneri has been successfully used in rehabilitation of degraded mining sites in New Caledonia, and in supplying biomass for production of ecocatalysts. We showed that transplanted nursery-grown seedlings accumulate as much Mn as do spontaneous plants, and sequester Mn in the same tissues, demonstrating the feasibility of large-scale transplantation programs for generating Mn-rich biomass.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Tropospheric Ozone Alters the Chemical Signal Emitted by an Emblematic Plant of the Mediterranean Region: The True Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)
- Author
-
Candice Dubuisson, Florence Nicolè, Bruno Buatois, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Magali Proffit
- Subjects
VOCs ,flowers ,ozone ,pollution ,lavender ,Mediterranean ecosystems ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Among air pollutants, tropospheric ozone (O3) is one of the most stressful for organisms due to its strong oxidative potential. For instance, high ozone concentration ([O3]) has the potential to affect (i) the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by plants and (ii) the lifetime of these VOCs in the atmosphere, and consequently disturb crucial signals in the interactions between plants and other organisms. However, despite the determinant role of VOCs emitted by flowers for pollinator attraction, a very limited number of studies have investigated the impact of O3 on floral VOCs. In this study, we investigated the effect of high [O3] episodes on the VOCs emitted by a flowering Mediterranean plant: the true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lamiaceae). To do so, in controlled conditions, we exposed (i) the entire plant to high but realistic [O3] (200 ppb for 5 h) and (ii) only the VOCs emitted by lavender to increasing [O3] (0, 40, 80, 120, and 200 ppb). We sampled VOCs of lavender in both conditions and analyzed them by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in order to qualify and quantify the flowering lavender’s emissions and the reaction of VOCs with O3 in the atmosphere. Our results showed that exposure to high [O3] during a short period (5 h) did not affect the emission of VOCs by flowering lavender. Incidentally, we also showed that the chemical signal varied in quantities and proportions over the day. Moreover, we showed that after their emission by the plant, composition of the VOCs changed quantitatively and qualitatively in an atmosphere containing [O3] naturally observed nowadays. Quantities of several of the major terpenes emitted by lavender decreased drastically during O3 exposure, whereas concentrations of some VOCs increased, such as carbonyls and carboxylic acids, which are probably reaction products of terpenes with O3. Exposure to high [O3] thus directly affected the proportions of VOCs in the atmosphere. Because pollinators generally use a blend of VOCs in particular proportions as a signal to localize flowers, the numerous pollinators of lavender may experience difficulty in recognizing specific floral odors during frequent and moderate [O3] episodes in the Mediterranean region.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Photovoltaism, Agriculture and Ecology: From Agrivoltaism to Ecovoltaism
- Author
-
Claude Grison, Lucie Cases, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Mailys Le Moigne and Claude Grison, Lucie Cases, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Mailys Le Moigne
- Published
- 2021
6. Diversification and spatial structuring in the mutualism between Ficus septica and its pollinating wasps in insular South East Asia
- Author
-
Lillian Jennifer Rodriguez, Anthony Bain, Lien-Siang Chou, Lucie Conchou, Astrid Cruaud, Regielene Gonzales, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, and Finn Kjellberg
- Subjects
Biogeography ,Ceratosolen ,Mutualism ,Philippines ,Speciation ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Background Interspecific interactions have long been assumed to play an important role in diversification. Mutualistic interactions, such as nursery pollination mutualisms, have been proposed as good candidates for diversification through co-speciation because of their intricate nature. However, little is known about how speciation and diversification proceeds in emblematic nursery pollination systems such as figs and fig wasps. Here, we analyse diversification in connection with spatial structuring in the obligate mutualistic association between Ficus septica and its pollinating wasps throughout the Philippines and Taiwan. Results Ceratosolen wasps pollinating F. septica are structured into a set of three vicariant black coloured species, and a fourth yellow coloured species whose distribution overlaps with those of the black species. However, two black pollinator species were found to co-occur on Lanyu island. Microsatellite data on F. septica indicates the presence of three gene pools that broadly mirrors the distribution of the three black clades. Moreover, receptive fig odours, the specific message used by pollinating wasps to locate their host tree, varied among locations. Conclusions F. septica and its black pollinator clades exhibited similar geographic structuring. This could be due originally to geographic barriers leading to isolation, local adaptation, and finally co-structuring. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of two black pollinator species on Lanyu island suggests that the parapatric distribution of the black clades is now maintained by the inability of migrating individuals of black pollinators to establish populations outside their range. On the other hand, the distribution of the yellow clade strongly suggests an initial case of character displacement followed by subsequent range extension: in our study system, phenotypic or microevolutionary plasticity has allowed the yellow clade to colonise hosts presenting distinct odours. Hence, while variation in receptive fig odours allows specificity in the interaction, this variation does not necessarily lead to coevolutionary plant-insect diversification. Globally, our results evidence evolutionary plasticity in the fig-fig wasp mutualism. This is the first documentation of the presence of two distinct processes in pollinating fig wasp diversification on a host species: the formation of vicariant species and the co-occurrence of other species over large parts of their ranges probably made possible by character displacement.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Chemical Ecology
- Author
-
Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, Martine Hossaert-McKey and Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Published
- 2016
8. Ozone Pollution Alters Olfaction and Behavior of Pollinators
- Author
-
Maryse Vanderplanck, Benoît Lapeyre, Margot Brondani, Manon Opsommer, Mathilde Dufay, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Magali Proffit
- Subjects
ozone ,atmospheric pollution ,plant-pollinator interactions ,pollinators ,plant VOC perception ,behavioral response ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Concentration of air pollutants, particularly ozone (O3), has dramatically increased since pre-industrial times in the troposphere. Due to the strong oxidative potential of O3, negative effects on both emission and lifetime in the atmosphere of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have already been highlighted. VOCs alteration by O3 may potentially affect the attraction of pollinators that rely on these chemical signals. Surprisingly, direct effects of O3 on the olfaction and the behavioral response of pollinators have not been investigated so far. We developed a comprehensive experiment under controlled conditions to assess O3 physiological and behavioral effects on two pollinator species, differing in their ecological traits. Using several realistic concentrations of O3 and various exposure times, we investigated the odor antennal detection and the attraction to VOCs present in the floral scents of their associated plants. Our results showed, in both species, a clear effect of exposure to high O3 concentrations on the ability to detect and react to the floral VOCs. These effects depend on the VOC tested and its concentration, and the O3 exposure (concentration and duration) on the pollinator species. Pollination systems may, therefore, be impaired in different ways by increased levels of O3, the effects of which will likely depend on whether the exposure is chronic or, as in this study, punctual, likely causing some pollination systems to be more vulnerable than others. While several studies have already shown the negative impact of O3 on VOCs emission and lifetime in the atmosphere, this study reveals, for the first time, that this impact alters the pollinator detection and behavior. These findings highlight the urgent need to consider air pollution when evaluating threats to pollinators.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Diversité taxonomique et fonctionnelle des insectes visiteurs des fleurs de cinq espèces d’arbres plantées dans la grande muraille verte du Ferlo au Sénégal (OHMi Tessékéré)
- Author
-
Natalia Medina-Serrano, Aliou Guisse, Martine Hossaert-Mckey, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Technique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Labex DRIIHM, ANR-11-LABX-0010, LabEx DRIIHM OHMi Nunavik CNRS-InEE, and ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011)
- Subjects
Sciences de l'environnement ,OHMi Tessekere ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Environmental Sciences ,domain_sde - Abstract
Degradation and restoration are two central processes within the Great Green Wall initiative in Senegal. Degradation caused by human activities, in interaction with global changes, leads to the loss of habitats and the disappearance of many species. It is therefore necessary to know the state of diversity in order to be able to protect it and better understand how to restore it, notably by re-establishing interspecific interactions within the ecosystems concerned by the restoration. In our study we are interested in the interactions between plants and flower visitors, and more specifically pollinators. A first sampling was conducted in three different localities in the Ferlo in northern Senegal, in order to be able to differentiate the dominant guilds of insects that interact with the flowers of certain trees present in this Sahelian zone. We carried out a rapid sampling of insects interacting with the flowers of four tree and shrub species in flower at the time of the study: Acacia nilotica, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana, Ziziphus mauritania. Four orders of insects are numerically dominant: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. Amongst the Hymenoptera sampled, Apoidea, Vespoidea, and Ichneumonoidea have been identified, allowin us to have a first idea of the great diversity and the relative abundances of different wild species present, comprising rich but potentially vulnerable communities. Through this poster, we illustrate and describe the first results on the interactions between these plant species and their flower visitors, which have been little studied in the region., La dégradation et la restauration sont deux processus centraux au sein de l’initiative de la Grande Muraille Verte au Sénégal. La dégradation des terres provoquée par des activités anthropiques, en interaction avec les changements globaux, induit à la perte d’habitats ainsi qu’à la disparition de nombreuses espèces. Il est ainsi nécessaire de connaitre l’état de la diversité pour pouvoir la protéger et mieux comprendre comment la restaurer, notamment par le rétablissement des interactions interspécifiques au sein des écosystèmes concernés par la restauration. Dans le cadre de notre étude nous nous intéressons aux interactions entre les plantes et les visiteurs des fleurs, et plus spécifiquement les pollinisateurs. Un premier échantillonnage a été mené dans trois localités différentes au Ferlo dans le nord du Sénégal, afin de pouvoir différencier les guildes dominantes d’insectes qui sont en interaction avec les fleurs de certains arbres présents dans cette zone sahélienne et plantés dans la Grande Muraille Verte. Nous avons effectué en octobre 2021 un premier échantillonnage des insectes en interaction avec les fleurs de quatre espèces d’arbres et arbustes en floraison au moment de l’étude : Acacia nilotica, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana, Ziziphus mauritania. Quatre ordres d’insectes sont numériquement dominants : coléoptères, hyménoptères, lépidoptères et diptères. Parmi les hyménoptères échantillonnés, des Apoidea, des Vespoidea, des Ichneumonoidea, ont été identifiés, ce qui nous permet d’avoir une première idée sur la grande diversité et l’abondance relative des différentes espèces sauvages, de communautés riches mais potentiellement vulnérables. Dans ce poster, nous illustrons et décrivons les premières observations sur ces organismes et leurs interactions, peu étudiées dans la région.
- Published
- 2022
10. Photovoltaism, Agriculture and Ecology
- Author
-
Claude Grison, Lucie Cases, Mailys Le Moigne, and Martine Hossaert‐McKey
- Published
- 2022
11. Reproductive biology of the palm borer, Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)
- Author
-
Roxane DELLE-VEDOVE, Laurence BEAUDOIN-OLLIVIER, Martine HOSSAERT-MCKEY, and Brigitte FRÉROT
- Subjects
lepidoptera ,castniidae ,paysandisia archon ,diel periodicity ,pheromone production ,polyandry ,sexual maturity ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1980) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) is an accidentally introduced pest that damages palm trees in the northern Mediterranean area. To our knowledge, there are no experimental studies on its mating behaviour, and little is known about its biology and ecology. In the present study, we used outdoor experiments to investigate several characteristics of the reproductive behaviour of P. archon: sexual maturity, diel periodicity of mating, occurrence of polyandry and delay between mating and laying eggs. The results indicate that 73% of the individuals studied were sexually mature three hours after adult emergence. Mating peaked between 14:00 h and 15:00 h and 87% of the females were fertilized and started laying eggs 1.25 (± 1.14) days after mating. Females were generally monandrous, but nevertheless remained attractive after mating. The results of this study provide the necessary background knowledge for studying several aspects of P. archon reproductive biology, in particular oviposition, sex pheromones and their role in mediating mating behaviour in this pest. These results are the first step in developing tools for monitoring populations of this pest.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The effect of host plant and isolation on the genetic structure of phytophagous insects: A preliminary study on a bruchid beetle
- Author
-
Gwendal RESTOUX, Martine HOSSAERT-MCKEY, Betty BENREY, and Nadir ALVAREZ
- Subjects
phytophagous insects ,bruchidae ,acanthoscelides ,spatial genetic structure ,gene flow ,adaptation ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Genetic differentiation is a consequence of the combination of drift and restriction in gene flow between populations due to barriers to dispersal, or selection against individuals resulting from inter-population matings. In phytophagous insects, local adaptation to different kinds of host plants can sometimes lead to reproductive isolation and thus to genetic structuring, or even to speciation. Acanthoscelides obtectus Say is a bean bruchid specialized on beans of the Phaseolus vulgaris group, attacking both wild and domesticated forms of P. vulgaris and P. coccineus. This study reveals that the genetic structure of populations of this bruchid is explained mainly by their geographical location and is not related to a particular kind (wild or domesticated) of bean. In contrast, the species of bean might have led, to some extent, to genetic structuring in these bruchids, although our sampling is too limited to address such process unambiguously. If confirmed, it would corroborate preliminary results found for the parasitoid species that attack Acanthoscelides species, which might show a genetic structure depending on the species of host plant.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. MSeasy: unsupervised and untargeted GC-MS data processing.
- Author
-
Florence Nicolè, Yann Guitton, Elodie A. Courtois, Sandrine Moja, Laurent Legendre, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A New Case of Ants Nesting within Branches of a Fig Tree: the Case of Ficus subpisocarpa in Taiwan
- Author
-
Anthony Bain, Bhanumas Chantarasuwan, Lieng-Siang Shou, Martine Hossaert McKey, Bertrand Schatz, and Finn Kjellberg
- Subjects
ant-plant interaction ,community ecology ,Asian biodiversity ,Myrmecophytism ,ant foraging. ,Zoology ,QL1-991 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Natural history (General) ,QH1-278.5 - Abstract
Ficus is one of many plant genera involved in interactions with ants. The interaction is however little documented. We show here that ants, belonging mainly to the genus Crematogaster, nest in hollow internodes of young branches of Ficus subpisocarpa, a monoecious fig species studied in Taiwan. The ants feed on the mutualistic fig-pollinating wasps as well as on parasitic non-pollinating fig wasps. Nevertheless fig-wasps may not constitute a sufficient food source to ensure permanent presence of ants on the tree as the ants were observed to be frequently associated with hemipterans such as coccids and aphids. Fig wasps seem to constitute a reliable and sufficient food source on some dioecious Ficus species. On the contrary, in monoecious Ficus species, resident ants have always been observed to tend homopteran in addition to feeding on fig wasps. Frequent fruiting, prolonged fruit ripening period, ramiflory and rapid growth could constitute traits facilitating strong association based on fig-wasps' consumption of the monoecious F. subpisocarpa with ants. Despite these traits, ants were observed to tend hemipterans, and F. subpisocarpa does not seem to have evolved specialized morphological traits to facilitate the association.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Ozone Pollution Alters Olfaction and Behavior of Pollinators
- Author
-
Manon Opsommer, Margot Brondani, Magali Proffit, Maryse Vanderplanck, Mathilde Dufay, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Benoit Lapeyre, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Zoologie [Mons], University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bio-inspired Chemistry and Ecological Innovations (ChimEco), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, ANSES (2018/1/138), ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Pollination ,Physiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,behavioral response ,Air pollution ,Olfaction ,RM1-950 ,medicine.disease_cause ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pollinator ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Ozone pollution ,Ecology ,atmospheric pollution ,Cell Biology ,Attraction ,ozone ,030104 developmental biology ,Behavioral response ,Odor ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,pollinators ,[SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,plant VOC perception ,plant-pollinator interactions - Abstract
Concentration of air pollutants, particularly ozone (O3), has dramatically increased since pre-industrial times in the troposphere. Due to the strong oxidative potential of O3, negative effects on both emission and lifetime in the atmosphere of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have already been highlighted. VOCs alteration by O3 may potentially affect the attraction of pollinators that rely on these chemical signals. Surprisingly, direct effects of O3 on the olfaction and the behavioral response of pollinators have not been investigated so far. We developed a comprehensive experiment under controlled conditions to assess O3 physiological and behavioral effects on two pollinator species, differing in their ecological traits. Using several realistic concentrations of O3 and various exposure times, we investigated the odor antennal detection and the attraction to VOCs present in the floral scents of their associated plants. Our results showed, in both species, a clear effect of exposure to high O3 concentrations on the ability to detect and react to the floral VOCs. These effects depend on the VOC tested and its concentration, and the O3 exposure (concentration and duration) on the pollinator species. Pollination systems may, therefore, be impaired in different ways by increased levels of O3, the effects of which will likely depend on whether the exposure is chronic or, as in this study, punctual, likely causing some pollination systems to be more vulnerable than others. While several studies have already shown the negative impact of O3 on VOCs emission and lifetime in the atmosphere, this study reveals, for the first time, that this impact alters the pollinator detection and behavior. These findings highlight the urgent need to consider air pollution when evaluating threats to pollinators.
- Published
- 2021
16. Author Correction: Chemical signal is in the blend: bases of plant-pollinator encounter in a highly specialized interaction
- Author
-
Pierre Arnal, Xiaoxia Deng, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Magali Proffit, Flora Gouzerh, Bruno Buatois, Benoit Lapeyre, and David Carrasco
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Information retrieval ,Chemical signal ,Computer science ,Pollinator ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
- Published
- 2020
17. Chemical signal is in the blend: bases of plant-pollinator encounter in a highly specialized interaction
- Author
-
Benoit Lapeyre, Pierre Arnal, Flora Gouzerh, Xiaoxia Deng, Magali Proffit, Martine Hossaert-McKey, David Carrasco, Bruno Buatois, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Pollination ,Behavioural ecology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,lcsh:Medicine ,Ficus ,Chemical ecology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pollinator ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Botany ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,lcsh:Science ,Author Correction ,Blastophaga psenes ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Mutualism (biology) ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,lcsh:R ,biology.organism_classification ,Attraction ,030104 developmental biology ,Olfactometer ,Chemical signal ,lcsh:Q ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Analytical chemistry - Abstract
In several highly specialized plant-insect interactions, scent-mediated specificity of pollinator attraction is directed by the emission and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although some plants engaged in such interactions emit singular compounds, others emit mixtures of VOCs commonly emitted by plants. We investigated the chemical ecological bases of host plant recognition in the nursery pollination mutualism between the dioecious Ficus carica and its specific pollinator Blastophaga psenes. Using Y-tube olfactometer tests, we show that B. psenes females are attracted by VOCs of receptive figs of both sexes and do not exhibit preference for VOCs of either male or female figs. Electrophysiological tests and chemical analysis revealed that of all the VOCs emitted by receptive figs, only five were found to be active on female antennae. Behavioural tests show that, in contrast to VOCs presented alone, only a blend with a particular proportion of four of these VOCs is as attractive as the odour of receptive figs, and that if there is a very small change in this blend proportion, the pollinator is no longer attracted. This study revealed that in highly specialized mutualistic interactions specificity could be mediated by a particular blend of common compounds emitted by plants.
- Published
- 2020
18. Geographic variation of fruit scents in a dispersion mutualism, the case of Ficus lutea
- Author
-
Martine Hossaert-McKey, Jean-Marie Bessière, Bertrand Schatz, and Catherine Soler
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Mutualism (biology) ,Pollination ,biology ,Ecology ,Seed dispersal ,Zoology ,Ficus ,Geographic variation ,Ficus lutea ,Interspecific competition ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Intraspecific competition ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Chemical mediation is often involved in interactions between plants and animals, as in pollination and in seed dispersion mutualisms. Extensive investigation has been done in floral scents and on their interspecific and intraspecific variations, but similar research on fruit scent remains poorly explored and only focused on interspecific variations. We investigated in this study the intraspecific variations of volatile bouquet emitted by mature fruits of Ficus lutea, in two sites within its wide distribution range, i.e. in South Africa and in Madagascar. We demonstrated a clear geographic variation in the volatile bouquet emitted by ripe figs in these two study sites, especially due to the presence of sesquiterpenes in Madagascan bouquets, while scents present at both sites high amounts of fatty acid derivatives. We discuss here different possible explanations for such variations in fruit scents, potentially resulting from insular and/or geographic isolation. This novel result of an intraspecific variation linked to fig seed dispersion serves to increase our knowledge of the role of scents in seed dispersal mutualisms.
- Published
- 2018
19. Pollination along an elevational gradient mediated both by floral scent and pollinator compatibility in the fig and fig-wasp mutualism
- Author
-
Clive T. Darwell, Michal Rindoš, George D. Weiblen, Magali Proffit, Daniel Souto-Vilarós, Brus Isua, Thomas Kuyaiva, Simon T. Segar, Vojtech Novotny, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Bruno Buatois, Jan Michálek, Mentap Sisol, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Geophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute of Entomology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Mutualism (biology) ,Ecology ,biology ,Pollination ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Plant Science ,Reproductive isolation ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Elevational Diversity Gradient ,030104 developmental biology ,Pollinator ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Floral scent ,Botany ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2018
20. Can fine-scale post-pollination variation of fig volatile compounds explain some steps of the temporal succession of fig wasps associated with Ficus racemosa ?
- Author
-
Bertrand Schatz, Jean-Marie Bessière, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Magali Proffit, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Scale (anatomy) ,Pollination ,biology ,Reproductive success ,Ecology ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Ficus ,Ecological succession ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Attraction ,Inflorescence ,Pollinator ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Botany ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by flowers play an essential role in mediating the attraction of pollinators. However, they also attract other species exploiting resources associated with flowers. For instance, VOCs emitted by figs play a major role in encounters between Ficus spp., their mutualistic pollinating wasps, and all the members of the community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) that exploit the mutualistic interaction. Because pollinators might be in limited supply for a tree bearing many inflorescences, the plant might maximize its individual reproductive success by reducing the attractiveness of inflorescences once they are pollinated, so that pollinators orient only towards the tree's unpollinated figs. Changes in VOCs emission that bring this about could represent an important cue for NPFWs that exploit particular stages of fig development. In this study, by monitoring precisely the presence of fig-associated wasps on figs of F. racemosa , a common widespread fig species, we demonstrated that 4–5 days and 15 days following pollination represent two critical transitional steps in the succession of different wasp species. Then, focusing on the first one of these transitional steps, by investigating the composition of fig VOCs at receptivity and from 1 to 5 days following pollination, we detected progressive quantitative and qualitative variation of floral scent following pollination. These changes are significant at 5 days following pollination. The qualitative changes are mainly due to an increase in the relative proportions of two monoterpenes (α-pinene and limonene). These variations of the floral VOCs following pollination could explain why pollinating wasps stop visiting figs very shortly after the first pollinators enter receptive figs. They also possibly explain the succession of non-pollinating wasps on the figs following pollination.
- Published
- 2018
21. Ant-produced chemicals are not responsible for the specificity of their Ophiocordyceps fungal pathogens
- Author
-
Nuntanat Arnamnart, Rumsaïs Blatrix, Noppol Kobmoo, Donnaya Thanakitpipattana, Uthaiwan Sangwanit, Baramee Sakolrak, Wasana Noisripoom, Bruno Buatois, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), National Science and Technology Development Agency [Bangkok] (NSTDA), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Exocrine gland ,Beauveria bassiana ,Plant Science ,Ophiocordyceps ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Botany ,medicine ,Spore germination ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Ecology ,Ecological Modeling ,fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,ANT ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germination ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Ophiocordyceps unilateralis ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Metapleural gland - Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of exocrine glandular extracts (mandibular glands, post-pharygeal glands) and cuticular extracts of two species of formicine ant Polyrhachis furcata and Colobopsis saundersi on spore germination of two species of host-specific, entomopathogenic fungi Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordyceps polyrhachis-furcata and Ophiocordyceps camponoti-saundersi). Extracts from the two ant species inhibited the germination of O. polyrhachis-furcata, but did not affect the germination of O. camponoti-saundersi, invalidating the hypothesis of specificity mediated by exocrine glands. We also showed that metapleural gland extracts–well known for their anti-microbial activities–from ants not targeted by O. unilateralis, inhibited spore germination. Finally, we tested the effect of the glands of the two formicine ants on Beauveria bassiana, a widespread pathogen of insects. Germination of B. bassiana was stimulated by most extracts, suggesting that insect chemicals are used as signals for germination by this fungus. The chemical characterisation of ant glandular extracts was also performed.
- Published
- 2018
22. Mangrove, une forêt dans la mer
- Author
-
Fromard, F., Emma Michaud, Martine Hossaert Mckey, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
Geography ,Anthropology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Mangroves ,Carbon cycle Climate change ,Socio-ecosystems ,Biodiversity ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Aquatic pollutions ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society - Abstract
International audience; La mangrove, cette forêt entre terre et mer qui borde les littoraux tropicaux, a longtemps été perçue comme un milieu hostile ou inutile… Elle renvoie aussi à un puissant imaginaire des tropiques qui a inspiré bon nombre de nos plus grands écrivains. Cet écosystème, complexe,abrite les palétuviers capables de vivre les pieds dans l’eau salée, des poissons « gros yeux » pouvant respirer hors de l’eau, des crabes ingénieurs et une multitude de bactéries indispensables au recyclage de la matière organique. Aujourd’hui, confrontée à la crevetticulture, aux coupes de bois, à la pollution mais aussi sous l’emprise directe des changements climatiques, cette mangrove, grignotée de toute part, est en danger. Cet ouvrage, rédigé par des chercheurs spécialistes du milieu, nous montre combien sa préservation devient un enjeu écologique mondial tant cet écosystème contribue à l’équilibre des littoraux tropicaux et à ceux de la planète tout entière. Sait-on par exemple que ces forêts maritimes jouent le rôle de puits de carbone en absorbant de grandes quantités de CO2 ? Qu’elles peuvent servir de filtres ou d’éponges face aux pollutions humaines ? Qu’elles constituent un rempart contre les tempêtes ou les tsunamis ? Un livre qui nous invite à poser un regard nouveau sur cette forêt si secrète au coeur des enjeux écologiques tropicaux.Un ouvrage collectif illustré sous la direction de François Fromard, Emma Michaud, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Institut écologie et environnement (INEE) du CNRS.
- Published
- 2018
23. Sacred hills of Imerina and the voyage of Ficus lutea Vahl (Amontana) in Madagascar
- Author
-
Finn Kjellberg, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Verohanitra Miarivelomalala Rafidison, Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculté des Sciences - Université d'Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Hegemony ,Ethnobotany ,Ficus ,Distribution (economics) ,Ficus lutea ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Politics ,Human settlement ,Madagascar ,0601 history and archaeology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,060101 anthropology ,biology ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Symbols and power ,06 humanities and the arts ,15. Life on land ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Geography ,Habitat ,Ficus–human mutualism ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,business ,Ethnology - Abstract
International audience; Humans have favored the presence of Ficus species within anthropogenic landscapes and near human settlements throughout the planet due to a number of beliefs and for practical purposes. An intimate or mutualistic relationship between Ficus spp and human societies has been suggested but explanations about the motivations of these proximities between humans and Ficus remain very fragmentary. The case study presented in this paper, which was conducted in the sacred hills located in the surroundings of an urban area, Antananarivo, capital city of Madagascar, inhabited by the Merina, aims at finding some answers to the following two questions. To what extent are Ficus species integrated into the ecologies of human groups, understood here as interactions between humans (social, political and economic dimensions)? 2) Do humans introduce Ficus species into new habitats, potentially offering new ecological opportunities? This study builds on initial work conducted in Madagascar in the region of Fianarantsoa in Betsileo rural communities. Results shown in this paper suggest that: 1) the kings of Imerina, the region located in the north-eastern part of the High Plateau of Madagascar, have planted Ficus species abundantly, especially Ficus lutea Vahl and Ficus. polita Vahl, to claim ownership upon new territories of the Imerina and symbolically establish their political hegemony. Marriages with women from non-Merina cultural groups, such as the Sakalava inhabiting the Western Coast, and the use of Ficus species as symbols of power has contributed, with other activities, to the unification process of Madagascar; 2) The ecological distribution of F. lutea has been substantially manipulated by people from Imerina by planting this species quite abundantly in the sacred hills surrounding Antananarivo, an area where this species is at its ecological limit of distribution and also in faraway places such as the Western coast where the tree is not naturally distributed.
- Published
- 2018
24. Plasticity and diversity of the phenology of dioecious Ficus species in Taiwan
- Author
-
Anthony Bain, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Wen-Hsuan Chen, Guan-Yi Li, Finn Kjellberg, Hui-Wen Yang, Lien-Siang Chou, Yun-Peng Chiang, Yu-Ting Chio, and Yi-Chiao Ho
- Subjects
biology ,Pollination ,Pollinator ,Ecology ,Phenology ,Ficus tinctoria ,Dioecy ,Ficus ,Plant reproductive morphology ,Ficus septica ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
While Ficus present a series of traits often associated with dioecy, the prevalence of dioecy in Ficus is atypical. In Asian floras, dioecious Ficus species generally outnumber monoecious ones. Further this is also true in relatively northerly locations for Ficus such as the island of Taiwan. Ficus are pollinated by species-specific wasps that use fig flowers as breeding sites. In dioecious fig species, pollinators develop only in the inflorescences of male fig trees. In this study, we investigated the reproductive phenology of four dioecious Ficus species with distinct ecologies in several locations in northern and southern Taiwan. The two first species (Ficus erecta and Ficus septica) were investigated in four locations. Reproductive phenology was quite different among sites, even within a single species. For example, F. erecta presented well-defined crops at the population level in its usual high-elevation habitat but continuous fig production at low elevations, especially in South Taiwan. The two other fig species (Ficus pedunculosa var. mearnsii and Ficus tinctoria subsp. swinhoei), are shrubs growing together along seashores in exposed locations on coral reef remnants. These two species presented quite different traits allowing the survival of pollinating wasp populations. Ficus pedunculosa var. mearnsii produced figs continuously so that fresh receptive figs were always available for the pollinating wasps while F. tinctoria subsp. swinhoei extended the period of receptivity of its figs, so that receptive figs that had been waiting for pollinating wasps were almost always available. In summary, dioecious figs in Taiwan showed remarkable variation in their phenology, within species among locations or among species within location. Nevertheless, despite this variation, the phenology of the trees always allowed survival of pollinating wasp populations. Dioecious figs seem to have adopted a differentiated set of strategies which result in high resilience of pollinator populations. This resilience could help explain the atypical prevalence of dioecy in Ficus.
- Published
- 2014
25. Some pollinators are more equal than others: Factors influencing pollen loads and seed set capacity of two actively and passively pollinating fig wasps
- Author
-
Nazia Suleman, Finn Kjellberg, Stephen G. Compton, Shazia Raja, Abelouahad Tayou, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
Pollen source ,biology ,Pollination ,Ecology ,Ficus ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pollinator ,Ficus montana ,Pollen ,Botany ,medicine ,Agaonidae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The nursery pollination system of fig trees (Ficus) results in the plants providing resources for pollinator fig wasp larvae as part of their male reproductive investment, with selection determining relative investment into pollinating wasps and the pollen they carry. The small size of Ficus pollen suggests that the quantities of pollen transported by individual wasps often limits male reproductive success. We assessed variation in fig wasp pollen loads and its influence on seed production in actively pollinated (Ficus montana) and passively pollinated (Ficus carica) dioecious fig trees. The ratios of number of male flowers on number of female flowers in a glasshouse-maintained F. montana population were highly variable. When fig wasps were introduced into receptive female figs, the resulting seed numbers were strongly linked to the numbers of pollinators that had been seeking access to pollen, relative to the number of anthers in their natal figs. In F. carica estimates of the amounts of pollen produced per fig and the quantities of pollen carried by emerging fig wasps suggest that less than 10% of the pollen is transported. Pollinators of F. carica that emerged earlier from figs carried more pollen, and also generated more seeds when introduced into receptive female figs. We show here that all pollinators are not equally valuable and producing more pollinators is not necessarily a good option in terms of Ficus male fitness. Previous results on F. montana figs showed that only around half of the flowers where pollinators lay eggs produced adult offspring. The amount of pollen collected by young female fig wasps may be a major determinant of their reproductive success.
- Published
- 2014
26. The non-pollinating fig wasps associated with Ficus guianensis: Community structure and impact of the large species on the fig/pollinator mutualism
- Author
-
Lucie Conchou, Marina Ciminera, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Finn Kjellberg
- Subjects
Mutualism (biology) ,biology ,Pollination ,Community ,Reproductive success ,Ecology ,Pollinator ,Community structure ,Ficus ,Gall ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Understanding the ecology of non-pollinating fig-wasp communities depends on a good knowledge of larval feeding habits of the species involved, which can be gall inducers, kleptoparasites, parasitoids or seed eaters. However, larval feeding habits are poorly known and most community ecology studies on NPFW are based on hypothetical feeding habits or data analyzed independently of feeding habit. Here we take advantage of the particular situation in Ficus guianensis whose community is dominated by large NPFW, i.e. species that are obviously larger than pollinators, to establish the community structure and feeding habits of the most frequent wasps. We provide the first non-ambiguous negative correlation between the number of NPFW and the production of pollinators and seeds. Each developing large NPFW represents a disproportionate cost to the mutualism as it is responsible for the loss of about ten seeds plus pollinators, i.e. about 10% of the production of a fig.
- Published
- 2014
27. Courtship Behavior of the Castniid Palm Borer,Paysandisia archon: Potential Roles of Male Scents and Visual Cues in a Day-Flying Moth
- Author
-
Roxane Delle-Vedove, Brigitte Frérot, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Laurence Beaudoin-Ollivier
- Subjects
Insect Science ,General Medicine - Published
- 2014
28. Chemical Ecology
- Author
-
Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
- Chemical ecology
- Abstract
The book features comparative perspectives on the field of chemical ecology, present and future, offered by scientists from a wide variety of disciplines. The scientists contributing to this book –biologists, ecologists, biochemists, chemists, biostatisticians – are interested in marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems and work on life forms ranging from micro-organisms to mammals, including humans, living in areas from the tropics to polar regions. Here, they cross their analyses of the present state of chemical ecology and its perspectives for the future. Those presented here include complex, multispecies communities and cover a wide range both of organisms and of the types of molecules that mediate the interactions between them. Up to now, no book has presented a solid scientific treatment of a wide range of examples. This book illustrates a diverse panel of the most advanced aspects of this rapidly expanding field.
- Published
- 2016
29. Conclusion: Looking Forward: the Chemical Ecology of Tomorrow
- Author
-
Anne-Geneviève Bagnères and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
Chemical ecology ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology - Published
- 2016
30. How to be a dioecious fig: Chemical mimicry between sexes matters only when both sexes flower synchronously
- Author
-
Magali Proffit, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Chun Chen, Bertrand Schatz, Catherine Soler, Renee M. Borges, and Jean-Marie Bessière
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Pollination ,Wasps ,Flowers ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pollinator ,Animals ,Biological Mimicry ,Volatile Organic Compounds ,Centre for Ecological Sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Obligate ,Reproductive success ,Ecology ,Ficus ,Attraction ,Biological Evolution ,Sexual dimorphism ,030104 developmental biology ,Chemical mimicry - Abstract
In nursery pollination mutualisms, which are usually obligate interactions, olfactory attraction of pollinators by floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is the main step in guaranteeing partner encounter. However, mechanisms ensuring the evolutionary stability of dioecious fig–pollinator mutualisms, in which female fig trees engage in pollination by deceit resulting in zero reproductive success of pollinators that visit them, are poorly understood. In dioecious figs, individuals of each sex should be selected to produce odours that their pollinating wasps cannot distinguish, especially since pollinators have usually only one choice of a nursery during their lifetime. To test the hypothesis of intersexual chemical mimicry, VOCs emitted by pollen-receptive figs of seven dioecious species were compared using headspace collection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. First, fig-flower scents varied significantly among species, allowing host-species recognition. Second, in species in which male and female figs are synchronous, intersexual VOC variation was not significant. However, in species where figs of both sexes flower asynchronously, intersexual variation of VOCs was detectable. Finally, with one exception, there was no sexual dimorphism in scent quantity. We show that there are two ways to use scent to be a dioecious fig based on differences in flowering synchrony between the sexes.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Geographic structuring into vicariant species-pairs in a wide-ranging, high-dispersal plant-insect mutualism: the case of Ficus racemosa and its pollinating wasps
- Author
-
Martine Hossaert-McKey, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Noppol Kobmoo, Finn Kjellberg, Astrid Cruaud, Yan-Qiong Peng, Anthony Bain, Renee M. Borges, Hélène Vignes, Marie-Hélène Chevallier, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Coll Life Sci, National Taiwan University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Montpellier (UM), Ctr Ecol Sci, Indian Institute of Science, Stn Ligne Paradi, Pole Protect Plantes 3Ps, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biotec - National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ANR Projects ‘‘nicefigs’’ (ANR-09-BLAN-0392- CSD 7, NSC 99-2923-B-002-001-MY3) and ‘‘biofigs’’ (ANR BDIV-006-001)/National Science Council, Taiwan, R. O. C. Led by M.H.M., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-09-BLAN-0392,BIO Figs(2009), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Agaonidae ,F40 - Écologie végétale ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,Ficus ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,mutualisme plante insecte ,Pollinator ,Vicariance ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Local adaptation ,Mutualism (biology) ,F63 - Physiologie végétale - Reproduction ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Ecology ,Genetic structuring ,biology.organism_classification ,Phylogeography ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal ecology ,Biological dispersal ,L20 - Écologie animale - Abstract
Ficus and their mutualistic pollinating wasps provide a unique model to investigate joint diversification in a high dispersal system. We investigate genetic structuring in an extremely wide-ranging Ficus species, Ficus racemosa, and its pollinating wasp throughout their range, which extends from India to Australia. Our samples were structured into four large, vicariant populations of figs and wasps which may correspond to distinct (sub)species, located in India, China-Thailand, Borneo, and Australia. However, the genetically most divergent group was the Indian population for the figs and the China-Thailand population for the wasps, suggesting different evolutionary histories of populations. Molecular dating for the wasps shows that diversification of the pollinator clade is surprisingly old, beginning about 13.6 Ma. Data on both the host fig species and its pollinating wasps suggest that strong genetic flow within biogeographic groups over several hundreds of kilometers has limited genetic and morphological differentiation and, potentially, local adaptation. This is probably due to long-distance dispersal of pollinating wasps. The genetic clustering into large geographic units observed in F. racemosa and its pollinators is reminiscent of what can be observed in some other high-dispersal organisms characterized by morphology that varies little over huge distances. The implications of strong gene flow for diversification processes and adaptation to different ecological conditions in Ficus and their pollinating wasps are just beginning to emerge.
- Published
- 2016
32. The phenology of dioecious Ficus spp. tree species and its importance for forest restoration projects
- Author
-
Stephen Elliott, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Cherdsak Kuaraksa
- Subjects
Ficus auriculata ,music.instrument ,biology ,Pollination ,Ecology ,Phenology ,Tree planting ,Dioecy ,Ficus ,Forestry ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,biology.organism_classification ,Forest restoration ,Abundance (ecology) ,music ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Ficus spp. are keystone tree species in tropical forest ecosystems and therefore, it is vital to include them in tree planting for forest restoration programs. However, lack of knowledge about critical aspects of their reproductive ecology currently limits their use, particularly optimal seed collection times and potential interruption of their highly specialized pollination mechanisms. Therefore, the reproductive phenology of seven dioecious Ficus species (Ficus auriculata, F. fulva, F. hispida, F. oligodon, F. semicordata, F. triloba and F. variegata) was studied at Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, Northern Thailand, in order to provide useful data to support forest restoration projects. The fig crops on male and female trees of each species were quantified monthly over a full annual cycle (March 2008–February 2009), using the canopy density method. At the population-level, most species produced figs all year round, but fig abundance varied seasonally. Maximum production of ripe figs by female (i.e. seed-producing) trees of most species occurred in the rainy season (May–August, except for F. triloba), while the main fig crop of male (i.e. wasp-producing) trees peaked 1–3 months before female trees. Four species F. auriculata, F. fulva, F. oligodon, and F. variegata presented critical bottleneck periods for wasp survival, especially during the rainy season, when the wasp-producing figs of male trees were least abundant. The study generated scientifically-based recommendations that will be useful for development of efficient forest restoration programs that maintain keystone resources in tropical forest ecosystems such as (i) optimum time and place for seed collection, (ii) recommendations on the propagation of dioecious fig species, (iii) optimum planting sites for each species and (iv) forest restoration plans to sustain the obligate ecological relationships between fig-trees and their pollinators.
- Published
- 2012
33. Floral volatiles, pollinator sharing and diversification in the fig–wasp mutualism: insights from Ficus natalensis , and its two wasp pollinators (South Africa)
- Author
-
Amandine Cornille, Astrid Cruaud, S. Van Noort, Krystal A. Tolley, Magali Proffit, Finn Kjellberg, J. G. Underhill, Steven D. Johnson, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, and Iziko South African Museum
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Species complex ,Pollination ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Wasps ,Ficus ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,South Africa ,03 medical and health sciences ,Species Specificity ,Pollinator ,Convergent evolution ,Animals ,Symbiosis ,Research Articles ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,General Environmental Science ,Mutualism (biology) ,0303 health sciences ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Ecology ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,Volatilization ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Fig wasp ,Ficus natalensis - Abstract
Combining biogeographic, ecological, morphological, molecular and chemical data, we document departure from strict specialization in the fig-pollinating wasp mutualism. We show that the pollinating wasps Elisabethiella stuckenbergi and Elisabethiella socotrensis form a species complex of five lineages in East and Southern Africa. Up to two morphologically distinct lineages were found to co-occur locally in the southern African region. Wasps belonging to a single lineage were frequently the main regional pollinators of several Ficus species. In South Africa, two sister lineages, E. stuckenbergi and E. socotrensis , pollinate Ficus natalensis but only E. stuckenbergi also regularly pollinates Ficus burkei . The two wasp species co-occur in individual trees of F. natalensis throughout KwaZulu-Natal. Floral volatile blends emitted by F. natalensis in KwaZulu-Natal were similar to those emitted by F. burkei and different from those produced by other African Ficus species. The fig odour similarity suggests evolutionary convergence to attract particular wasp species. The observed pattern may result from selection for pollinator sharing among Ficus species. Such a process, with one wasp species regionally pollinating several hosts, but several wasp species pollinating a given Ficus species across its geographical range could play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of the Ficus -pollinating wasp association.
- Published
- 2011
34. Geographic variation of floral scent in a highly specialized pollination mutualism
- Author
-
Catherine Soler, Bertrand Schatz, Magali Proffit, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Bruno Buatois, and Jean-Marie Bessière
- Subjects
China ,Pollination ,Wasps ,India ,Ficus ,Flowers ,Plant Science ,Hymenoptera ,Horticulture ,Biochemistry ,Intraspecific competition ,Species Specificity ,Pollinator ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Mutualism (biology) ,Volatile Organic Compounds ,Geography ,biology ,Vespidae ,Ecology ,General Medicine ,Interspecific competition ,biology.organism_classification ,Odorants - Abstract
Floral scents are important signals for communication between plants and pollinators. Several studies have focused on interspecific variation of these signals, but little is known about intraspecific variation in flower scent, particularly for species with wide geographic distributions. In the highly specific mutualism between Ficus species and their pollinating wasps, chemical mediation is crucial for partner encounter. Several studies show that scents, i.e. blends of volatiles, are species-specific, but no studies address interpopulation variation of scents in fig pollination mutualisms, which often have broad geographic distributions. In this study, using absorption/desorption headspace techniques, we analyzed variation in floral scent composition among three populations of each of two widely distributed Asian Ficus species. We identified more than 100 different volatile organic compounds, predominantly terpenes. In both species, significant differences were found between scent bouquets of East Asian and Indian populations. These differences are discussed in relation to geographical barriers that could disrupt gene exchange between these two areas, thereby isolating Indian populations from those of Eastern Asia.
- Published
- 2011
35. Insights into the biogeographical history of the Lower Guinea Forest Domain: evidence for the role of refugia in the intraspecific differentiation of Aucoumea klaineana
- Author
-
Simon Ossari, Céline Born, Marie-Hélène Chevallier, Doyle McKey, Nadir Alvarez, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Elisabeth Jean Wickings
- Subjects
Phylogeography ,Range (biology) ,Ecology ,Genetics ,Vicariance ,Species richness ,Interspecific competition ,Rainforest ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Endemism ,Aucoumea klaineana ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Determining the biogeographical histories of rainforests is central to our understanding of the present distribution of tropical biodiversity. Ice age fragmentation of central African rainforests strongly influenced species distributions. Elevated areas characterized by higher species richness and endemism have been postulated to be Pleistocene forest refugia. However, it is often difficult to separate the effects of history and of present-day ecological conditions on diversity patterns at the interspecific level. Intraspecific genetic variation could yield new insights into history, because refugia hypotheses predict patterns not expected on the basis of contemporary environmental dynamics. Here, we test geographically explicit hypotheses of vicariance associated with the presence of putative refugia and provide clues about their location. We intensively sampled populations of Aucoumea klaineana, a forest tree sensitive to forest fragmentation, throughout its geographical range. Characterizing variation at 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, we were able to obtain phylogeographic data of unprecedented detail for this region. Using Bayesian clustering approaches, we demonstrated the presence of four differentiated genetic units. Their distribution matched that of forest refugia postulated from patterns of species richness and endemism. Our data also show differences in diversity dynamics at leading and trailing edges of the species’ shifting distribution. Our results confirm predictions based on refugia hypotheses and cannot be explained on the basis of present-day ecological conditions.
- Published
- 2010
36. Fine-scale Population Genetic Structure of Two Dioecious Indian Keystone Species, Ficus hispida and Ficus exasperata (Moraceae)
- Author
-
Finn Kjellberg, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Renee M. Borges, and Suma A. Dev
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Genetic diversity ,biology ,Ecology ,Dioecy ,Population ,Population genetics ,Ficus ,Ficus exasperata ,biology.organism_classification ,Genetic structure ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ficus hispida - Abstract
Although Ficus (Moraceae) is a keystone plant genus in the tropics, providing resources to many frugivorous vertebrates, its population genetic structure, which i sa n important determinant of its long-term survival, has rarely been investigated. We examined the population genetic structure of two dioecious fig species (Ficus hispida and Ficus exasperata) in the Indian Western Ghats using co-dominant nuclear microsatellite markers. We found high levels of microsatellite genetic diversity in both species. The regression slopes between genetic relationship coefficients (fij) and spatial distances were significantly negative in both species indicating that, on average, individuals in close spatial proximity were more likely to be related than individuals further apart. Mean parent‐offspring distance (s) calculated using these slopes was about 200m in both species. This should be contrasted with the very long pollen dispersal distances documented for monoecious Ficus species. Nevertheless, overall population genetic diversity remained large suggesting immigrant gene flow. Further studies will be required to analyze broader scale patterns.
- Published
- 2010
37. A case study of modified interactions with symbionts in a hybrid mediterranean orchid
- Author
-
Bertrand Schatz, Bruno Buatois, Alexandre Geoffroy, Benjamin Dainat, Jean-Marie Bessière, Marc-André Selosse, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
Orchidaceae ,biology ,Obligate ,Pollination ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Symbiosis ,Pollinator ,Botany ,Genetics ,Orchis simia ,Orchis anthropophora ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Hybrid - Abstract
• Premise of the study : Most studies on orchid hybrids examine separately the effects of hybridization on interactions with pollinators or with mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we simultaneously investigated both interactions in the mediterranean food-deceptive Orchis simia , O. anthropophora , and their hybrid ( O. ! bergonii ) and tested a possible breakdown of coevolution using a multidisciplinary approach. • Methods : We compared leaf growth, seed viability, emitted scent, and mycorrhizal fungi (species and rate of infection) among these three taxa. • Key results : We show that leaf surface is greater in adult hybrids than in the parental species, suggesting a heterosis effect for vegetative growth. We demonstrate that fl owers of the two parental species emit well-differentiated bouquets of volatile organic compounds, while hybrids emit larger quantities, accumulating most compounds of the two parental species. However, hybrids fail to attract pollinators and have a 10 times lower fruit set. We determined that closely related Tulasnellales are mycorrhizal in the three taxa, suggesting that the mycorrhizal partner does not impair hybrid survival. We propose an interpretative model for O. ! bergonii compared with its parents. • Conclusions : In hybrids, carbon resources normally devoted to reproduction may be reallocated to the mycorrhizal symbiosis as a result of the disruption of the pollination interaction in hybrids. Higher mycorrhizal infection may in turn enhance vegetative growth and scent emission. Such interplay between the two obligate biotic interactions yields new insights into hybridization among orchids.
- Published
- 2010
38. Ficus racemosa is pollinated by a single population of a single agaonid wasp species in continental South-East Asia
- Author
-
Jean-Yves Rasplus, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Noppol Kobmoo, and Finn Kjellberg
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Mutualism (biology) ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Species complex ,Ecology ,Population ,Allopatric speciation ,Biology ,Subspecies ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Gene flow ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic structure ,Genetics ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
High specificity in the Ficus-agaonid wasp mutualism has lead to the assumption of a mostly 'one-to-one' relationship, albeit with some exceptions. This view has been challenged by new molecular data in recent years, but surprisingly little is known about local and spatial genetic structuring of agaonid wasp populations. Using microsatellite markers, we analysed genetic structuring of Ceratosolen fusciceps, the fig wasp pollinating Ficus racemosa, a fig tree species widely distributed from India to Australia. In sampling stretching from the south of China to the south of Thailand we found evidence for only a single pollinating wasp species in continental South-East Asian mainland. We found no evidence for the co-occurrence of cryptic species within our subcontinent sampling zone. We observed no spatial genetic structure within sites and only limited structuring over the whole sampling zone, suggesting that F. racemosa is pollinated by a single population of a single agaonid wasp species all over continental South-East Asia. An additional sample of wasps collected on F. racemosa in Australia showed clear-cut genetic differentiation from the Asian continent, suggesting allopatric divergence into subspecies or species. We propose that the frequent local co-occurrence of sister species found in the literature mainly stems from contact zones between biogeographic regions, and that a single pollinator species over wide areas might be the more common situation everywhere else.
- Published
- 2010
39. Variation des caractères biométriques des graines et des plantules de neuf provenances deTamarindus indicaL. (Caesalpinioideae)
- Author
-
Doyle Mc Key, Marie Hélène Chevallier, Hélène Joly, Boukary Ousmane Diallo, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
Tamarindus indica ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,Forestry ,F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie ,Horticulture ,Biology ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
Introduction. Tamarindus indica est une espece fruitiere d'interet economique. Sa domestication au Sahel impose d'evaluer en prealable la variabilite de ses caracteres phenotypiques sur l'ensemble de son aire de repartition. L'objectif de notre etude a ete de caracteriser differentes provenances de tamarinier a partir des caracteres phenotypiques de leurs graines et plantules. Materiel et methodes. L'etude menee en pepiniere au Burkina Faso a porte sur l'etude des graines et germinations issues de neuf provenances dont deux d'Afrique de l'Est, deux d'Afrique de l'Ouest, deux d'Asie et trois de zones insulaires. Nous avons mesure la longueur, la largeur, l'epaisseur et le poids de 100 graines de chaque provenance, et la hauteur, le diametre au collet et le poids sec de la tige, ainsi que la longueur de la racine principale, le nombre de racines secondaires et le poids sec du systeme racinaire de 50 plantules âgees de 3 mois. Nous avons effectue une analyse de variance, puis une analyse en composantes principales sur les donnees centrees reduites de toutes les variables, enfin une classification hierarchisee ascendante basee sur des indices de similarite. Resultats et discussion. Les differences entre variables ont ete hautement significatives. Lors de l'etude des graines, nous avons obtenu un groupe lie a la provenance d'Inde et d'Afrique de l'Est, un autre lie aux provenances ouest-africaines et un groupe intermediaire en provenance de Thailande. Lors de l'etude des plantules, il est apparu un groupe avec croissance aerienne forte et racine principale courte, fortement ramifiee et un groupe avec croissance aerienne faible, racine principale tres longue, mais faiblement ramifiee. Le dendrogramme obtenu a partir des ressemblances phenotypiques (variables des graines et plantules) montre une structuration par aire geographique. Conclusion. La variabilite phenotypique inter provenance des plantules et des graines combinee aux correlations entre variables pourrait permettre de selectionner de facon precoce les provenances en fonction des objectifs definis pour la selection. (Resume d'auteur)
- Published
- 2010
40. Flower-scent mimicry masks a deadly trap in the carnivorous plant Nepenthes rafflesiana
- Author
-
David J. Marshall, Bruno Di Giusto, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Laurence Gaume, Linda B.L. Lim, Jean-Marie Bessière, and Michaël Guéroult
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Carnivorous plant ,Nepenthes rafflesiana ,Ecology ,Pollination ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Attraction ,Predation ,Olfactometer ,Pitcher plant ,Botany ,Mimicry ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
1. Nepenthes rafflesiana is a carnivorous vine from Borneo characterized by an ontogenetic pitcher dimorphism with aerial (upper) and ground (lower) pitchers of different morphologies. Previous studies have shown that fragrant upper pitchers of climbing parts of the plant are more effective in trapping flying insects than non-fragrant lower pitchers, which are essentially restricted to an ant diet. We tested the hypotheses that odours are effective cues for prey attraction in this carnivorous plant and that upper pitchers biochemically mimic flowers in their olfactory cues. 2. The visitor diversity and the scent composition of each pitcher type were determined for different sites and periods during field studies in Borneo. Olfactometer bioassays were conducted using fruit flies and ants as models for flying flower-visitors and non-flying visitors, respectively. 3. Fifty-four volatile compounds were identified and the analysis of their relative quantities in the blends showed significant differences between pitcher types. The blends of lower pitchers contained some aliphatics and terpenoids but were poor in benzenoids. Upper pitchers differed from lower ones in that they attracted a greater quantity and diversity of insects, including a guild of flower-visitors absent from the visitor spectrum of lower pitchers. Upper pitchers also emitted a greater quantity of odours and a larger spectrum of volatiles, including some terpenoids and benzenoids that often characterize the sweet scents classically found in flower blends. Choice bioassays showed that, in absence of any visual cue, the scents of the nectariferous pitcher rim (peristome) were particularly attractive to ants and flies, and those of upper pitchers were more attractive to flies than those of lower pitchers. 4. Synthesis. This study demonstrates the use of scent by Nepenthes carnivorous plants to mediate prey attraction. The climbing part of the plant produces pitcher-modified leaves that mimic flower olfactory cues and suggest an evolutionary convergent strategy with that of generalist pollination systems.
- Published
- 2010
41. Floral scents: their roles in nursery pollination mutualisms
- Author
-
Catherine Soler, Bertrand Schatz, Magali Proffit, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
Mutualism (biology) ,Pollination ,biology ,Pollinator ,Ecology ,Evolutionary ecology ,Zoophily ,Evolutionary dynamics ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Attraction ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp - Abstract
Mutualisms are interspecies interactions in which each participant gains net benefits from interacting with its partner. In nursery pollination mutualisms, pollinators reproduce within the inflorescence they pollinate. In these systems, each partner depends directly on the other for its reproduction. Therefore, the signal responsible for partner encounter is crucial in these horizontally transmitted mutualisms, in which the association between specific partners must be renewed at each generation. As in many other interspecies interactions, chemical signals are suspected to be important in the functioning of these mutualisms. We synthesized and compared the published data available on the role of floral scents in the functioning of the 16 known independently evolved nursery pollination mutualisms. So far, attraction of pollinators to their specific hosts has been investigated in only seven of these systems, and the majority of the studies have been conducted on one of them, fig/fig wasp interactions. While such unevenness of the information limits the potential for meta-analysis, some patterns emerge from this review concerning the role of flower volatiles in maintaining the specificity of pollinator attraction, in signaling the appropriate phenological stage for pollinator visit, in attracting the pollinator toward the rewardless sex in dioecious plant species and in aiding the location and exploitation of resources by parasites and predators associated with these mutualisms. Finally, we highlight new perspectives on the evolution of signals in these diversified systems depending on the age and the degree of specificity of the interaction, and on the effect of phylogenetic inertia on the evolutionary dynamics of plant signals.
- Published
- 2010
42. Ants use odour cues to exploit fig–fig wasp interactions
- Author
-
Martine Hossaert-McKey and Bertrand Schatz
- Subjects
Mutualism (biology) ,Aculeata ,biology ,Pollination ,Ecology ,Pollinator ,Kairomone ,Hymenoptera ,biology.organism_classification ,Oecophylla smaragdina ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Fig wasps may constitute a relatively abundant food source for ants associated with the fig–fig wasp nursery pollination mutualism. We found previously that a Mediterranean ant species detects fig wasps by chemical signals. In this paper we want to test the generality of this finding by studying two tropical ants, Oecophylla smaragdina and Crematogaster sp., preying on fig wasps on the dioecious Ficus fistulosa in Brunei (Borneo). Behavioural tests in a Y-tube olfactometer showed that these two ants were attracted both to odours emitted by receptive figs and to those emitted by fig wasps (male and female of the pollinator, and a non-pollinating fig wasp) used here as a kairomone. Naive workers were not attracted to fig wasps, suggesting that olfactory learning may play a role in prey detection. We also found that O. smaragdina was much more likely to be present on figs of male trees (where fig wasps are more abundant), and that the abundance of this ant species varied strongly with developmental phase of figs on individual trees. Moreover, its aggressiveness was also strongly influenced by the nature of the object presented in our behavioural tests, the site of the test and the developmental phase of the fig tested. Investigation on the chemical and behavioural ecology of the different interacting species provides important insights into the intricate relationships supported by the fig–fig wasp mutualism.
- Published
- 2010
43. Private channel: a single unusual compound assures specific pollinator attraction inFicus semicordata
- Author
-
Zongbo Li, Magali Proffit, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Chun Chen, Jean-Marie Bessière, and Qi-Shi Song
- Subjects
Mutualism (biology) ,Obligate ,Pollination ,biology ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Ficus ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollinator ,Botany ,Chemical mimicry ,Ficus semicordata ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ficus hispida - Abstract
Summary 1. Floral scents have been suggested to play a key role in the obligate pollination mutualism between figs and fig wasps. However, few studies have determined whether pollinator-attractive compounds could alone assure species-specificity (‘private channel’), or whether specificity is mediated by more complex ‘floral filters’, of which scent is only one component. 2. We examined changes in the floral volatile compounds of Ficus semicordata, a dioecious fig species, during and after pollination using headspace collection and compound identification by Gas Chromatography ⁄ Mass Spectrometry (GC ⁄ MS). One benzenoid compound, 4-methylanisole, was strongly predominant (94–98%) among the volatile compounds emitted by both male and female receptive figs of F. semicordata, whereas it was totally absent in the volatiles emitted by figs 4 days after pollination, as well as in receptive-stage volatiles emitted by two other sympatric fig species, Ficus racemosa and Ficus hispida. 3. Bioassays using the specific pollinator of F. semicordata, Ceratosolen gravelyi, in a Y-tube olfactometer showed that 4-methylanisole was attractive to C. gravelyi in a wide range of concentrations (from 1AE22 · 10 )2 ng ⁄ 100 l Lt o 1 AE22 · 10 6 ng ⁄ 100lL). Moreover, chemical blends lacking 4-methylanisole were unattractive to C. gravelyi. These non-active odour sources included volatile compounds emitted by receptive figs of the two other sympatric fig species and volatiles of F. semicordata post-pollination figs. 4. All these results suggest that 4-methylanisole is the main signal compound in the floral scent of F. semicordata that attracts its obligate pollinator to the host figs at the precise stage required for pollination and oviposition. Furthermore, the high proportion of 4-methylanisole in the odours of receptive figs of both sexes was consistent with the hypothesis of chemical mimicry in dioecious figs. 5. A simple signal comprised of one compound that is unusual among Ficus and that is an infrequent, usually minor, component of other floral odours, may thus function as a private channel in this specialized obligate mutualism.
- Published
- 2009
44. Can chemical signals, responsible for mutualistic partner encounter, promote the specific exploitation of nursery pollination mutualisms? - The case of figs and fig wasps
- Author
-
Bertrand Schatz, Jean-Marie Bessière, Catherine Soler, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Chun Chen, and Magali Proffit
- Subjects
Mutualism (biology) ,Pollination ,biology ,Pollinator ,Insect Science ,Ficus tinctoria ,Botany ,Ficus ,Agaonidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp ,Ficus hispida - Abstract
In nursery pollination mutualisms, where pollinators reproduce within the inflorescence they pollinate, floral scents often play a major role in advertizing host location and rewards for the pollinator. However, chemical messages emitted by the plant that are responsible for the encounter of mutualist partners can also be used by parasites of these mutualisms to locate their host. Each species of Ficus (Moraceae) is involved in an obligatory nursery pollination mutualism with usually one pollinating fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae). In this interaction, volatile compounds emitted by receptive figs are responsible for the attraction of their specific pollinator. However, a large and diverse community of non-pollinating chalcidoid wasps can also parasitize this mutualism. We investigated whether the chemical message emitted by figs to attract their pollinator can promote the host specificity of non-pollinating fig wasps. We analysed the volatile compounds emitted by receptive figs of three sympatric Ficus species, namely, Ficus hispida L., Ficus racemosa L., and Ficus tinctoria G. Forster, and tested the attraction of the pollinator of F. hispida (Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr), and of one species of non-pollinating fig wasp [Philotrypesis pilosa Mayr (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)] to scents emitted by receptive figs of these three Ficus species. Analysis of the volatile compounds emitted by receptive figs revealed that the three Ficus species could be clearly distinguished by their chemical composition. Behavioural bioassays performed in a Y-tube olfactometer showed that both pollinator and parasite were attracted only by the specific odour of F. hispida. These results suggest that the use by non-pollinating fig wasps of a specific chemical message produced by figs could limit host shifts by non-pollinating fig wasps.
- Published
- 2009
45. The chemical ecology of seed dispersal in monoecious and dioecious figs
- Author
-
Martine Hossaert-McKey, Jean-Marie Bessière, and Renee M. Borges
- Subjects
Pollination ,Pollinator ,Syconium ,Seed dispersal ,Dioecy ,Botany ,Biological dispersal ,Gall ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ficus hispida - Abstract
In the nursery pollination system of figs (Ficus, Moraceae), flower-bearing receptacles called syconia breed pollinating wasps and are units of both pollination and seed dispersal. Pollinators and mammalian seed dispersers are attracted to syconia by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In monoecious figs, syconia produce both wasps and seeds, while in (gyno)dioecious figs, male (gall) fig trees produce wasps and female (seed) fig trees produce seeds. VOCs were collected using dynamic headspace adsorption methods on freshly collected figs from different trees using Super Q® collection traps. VOC profiles were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).The VOC profile of receptive and dispersal phase figs were clearly different only in the dioecious mammal-dispersed Ficus hispida but not in dioecious bird-dispersed F. exasperata and monoecious bird-dispersed F. tsjahela. The VOC profile of dispersal phase female figs was clearly different from that of male figs only in F. hispida but not in F. exasperata, as predicted from the phenology of syconium production which only in F. hispida overlaps between male and female trees. Greater difference in VOC profile in F. hispida might ensure preferential removal of seed figs by dispersal agents when gall figs are simultaneously available.The VOC profile of only mammal-dispersed female figs of F. hispida had high levels of fatty acid derivatives such as amyl-acetates and 2-heptanone, while monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and shikimic acid derivatives were predominant in the other syconial types. A bird- and mammal-repellent compound methyl anthranilate occurred only in gall figs of both dioecious species, as expected, since gall figs containing wasp pollinators should not be consumed by dispersal agents.
- Published
- 2008
46. Small-scale spatial genetic structure in the Central African rainforest tree speciesAucoumea klaineana: a stepwise approach to infer the impact of limited gene dispersal, population history and habitat fragmentation
- Author
-
Christiane Atteke, Marie-Hélène Chevallier, E. Jean Wickings, Martine Hossaert-McKey, Olivier J. Hardy, Céline Born, and Simon Ossari
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Habitat fragmentation ,Ecology ,Population ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,stomatognathic system ,Genetic drift ,Genetic structure ,Genetics ,Biological dispersal ,Gene pool ,education ,Aucoumea klaineana ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Isolation by distance - Abstract
Under the isolation-by-distance model, the strength of spatial genetic structure (SGS) depends on seed and pollen dispersal and genetic drift, which in turn depends on local demographic structure. SGS can also be influenced by historical events such as admixture of differentiated gene pools. We analysed the fine-scale SGS in six populations of a pioneer tree species endemic to Central Africa, Aucoumea klaineana. To infer the impacts of limited gene dispersal, population history and habitat fragmentation on isolation by distance, we followed a stepwise approach consisting of a Bayesian clustering method to detect differentiated gene pools followed by the analysis of kinship-distance curves. Interestingly, despite considerable variation in density, the five populations situated under continuous forest cover displayed very similar extent of SGS. This is likely due to an increase in dispersal distance with decreased tree density. Admixture between two gene pools was detected in one of these five populations creating a distinctive pattern of SGS. In the last population sampled in open habitat, the genetic diversity was in the same range as in the other populations despite a recent habitat fragmentation. This result may due to the increase of gene dispersal compensating the effect of the disturbance as suggested by the reduced extent of SGS estimated in this population. Thus, in A. klaineana, the balance between drift and dispersal may facilitate the maintenance of genetic diversity. Finally, from the strength of the SGS and population density, an indirect estimate of gene dispersal distances was obtained for one site: the quadratic mean parent-offspring distance, sigma(g), ranged between 210 m and 570 m.
- Published
- 2008
47. Chemical mediation and niche partitioning in non-pollinating fig-wasp communities
- Author
-
Bertrand Schatz, Renee M. Borges, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Magali Proffit
- Subjects
Male ,Ecological niche ,Mutualism (biology) ,biology ,Pollination ,Ecology ,Oviposition ,Wasps ,Niche differentiation ,India ,Ficus ,biology.organism_classification ,Life history theory ,Smell ,Species Specificity ,Pollinator ,Plant Tumors ,Odorants ,Animals ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp - Abstract
1. The parasitic chalcidoid wasps associated with the species-specific and obligatory pollination mutualisms between Ficus spp. and their agaonid wasp pollinators provide a good model to study the functional organization of communities. 2. However, communities of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) remain little characterized, and their functioning and evolutionary dynamics are still poorly understood. 3. We studied the communities of NPFWs associated with the monoecious F. racemosa and the dioecious F. hispida. Associated with these two fig species are a total of seven wasp species belonging to three genera. These species present contrasts in life history traits and in timing of oviposition. The species studied are thus broadly representative of the communities of NPFWs associated specifically with fig-pollinator mutualisms. 4. In our study systems, there is temporal segregation of oviposition time among members of NPFW communities. 5. We tested the role of volatile chemicals in the attraction of NPFWs associated with these two fig species, and tried to determine if chemical mediation can explain the organization of the communities. 6. We conducted odour choice tests using a Y-tube olfactometer. All the NPFWs studied were shown to use volatile chemicals produced by the fig to locate their host. Furthermore, the signals used by each species depended on the phenological stage of the fig they exploit. 7. Results demonstrated that the pattern of oviposition results from the utilization of volatile signals produced by figs that vary in their composition at different stages of fig development. Thus, chemical mediation allows resource partitioning in the NPFW communities associated with fig-pollinator mutualisms, and suggests hypotheses to explain coexistence in other parasite communities.
- Published
- 2007
48. Écologie tropicale : de l'ombre à la lumière
- Author
-
Swanni Tatiana Alvarado, Christopher Baraloto, Laurent Bremond, François Bretagnolle, Elise Buisson, Sophie Caillon, Joachim Claudet, Edmond Dounias, Marianne Elias, Charly Favier, Colin Fontaine, Pierre-Michel Forget, Eric Garine-Wichatitsky, Martine Hossaert-Mckey, Patrick Mavingui, Doyle Mckey, Hélène Morlon, Jérôme Murienne, Odile Poncy, Franck Prugnolle, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), P.-M. Forget, M. Hossaert-McKey & O. Poncy, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laffont, Rémi, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane ( ECOFOG ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement ( CRIOBE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation ( CESCO ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative ( LESC ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Institut de biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure ( IBENS ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), and Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] )
- Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
192 pages; National audience; Les événements écologiques survenus ces dernières années, notamment en raison des changements globaux, et du réchauffement climatique en particulier, ont fait prendre conscience à l'opinion publique des menaces qui planent sur les zones tropicales. Et les sciences, dans une nouvelle approche transversale et interdisciplinaire, se penchent aujourd'hui sur cette écologie unique qui abrite des écosystèmes d'une grande complexité. En effet, l'équilibre de notre planète repose en partie sur ces environnements fragiles où évolue le plus grand nombre d'espèces en densité et en diversité. Cette biodiversité et la gestion des ressources associées apparaissent comme l'un des enjeux écologiques majeurs du XXIe siècle. Des spécialistes de toutes les disciplines, issus des laboratoires du CNRS ou associés, présentent les travaux menés et tracent les voies prospectives de recherche pour les années à venir. Ils nous font découvrir les spécificités de ces espaces tropicaux, les mécanismes adaptatifs impressionnants développés par les organismes qui y vivent et le fonctionnement de ces systèmes écologiques remarquables. Ce livre nous plonge dans le monde fascinant de la faune et la flore tropicales, encore largement méconnues, et nous invite à penser ce grand défi auquel les sociétés devront faire face : la conciliation du bien-être humain et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles.
- Published
- 2015
49. Complex interactions on fig trees: ants capturing parasitic wasps as possible indirect mutualists of the fig-fig wasp interaction
- Author
-
B. V. Rakhi, Bertrand Schatz, Magali Proffit, Renee M. Borges, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
Mutualism (biology) ,Aculeata ,biology ,Pollination ,Pollinator ,Ecology ,Ficus ,Parasitism ,Hymenoptera ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fig wasp - Abstract
Like other mutualisms, pollination mutualisms attract parasites, as well as opportunistic and specialist predators of the pollinators and parasites. These associated species influence the evolutionary dynamics of pairwise mutualisms. Predatory ants are frequent associates of pollination mutualisms, but their effects on the complex interactions between plants, pollinators and parasites have not yet been clearly established, even in the case of the well-described obligate interaction between figs and fig wasps. We attempted to quantify such effects for ants associated with three fig species, two dioecious (Ficus condensa [Brunei], F. carica [France]) and one monoecious (F. racemosa [India]). In all these cases, ant presence on a fig tree strongly reduced the number of parasitic wasps on the figs. Experimental exclusion of ants resulted in an increase in the number of non-pollinating fig wasps on F. condensa and F. racemosa. Experimental ant supplementation led to a decrease in the number of non-pollinating fig wasps on F. carica. Moreover, on F. condensa, the level of reduction of the number of parasitic wasps depended on the number and identity of the ants. On F. carica, non-pollinating fig wasps even avoided trees occupied by the dominant predatory ant. The consistency of the effect of ants in these three cases, representing a geographically, ecologically, and taxonomically broad sample of figs, argues for the generality of the effect we observed. Because reduction of parasitism benefits the pollinator, ants may be considered as indirect mutualists of plants and pollinators in the network of complex interactions supported by fig trees.
- Published
- 2006
50. Phylogenetic relationships in the Neotropical bruchid genus Acanthoscelides (Bruchinae, Bruchidae, Coleoptera)
- Author
-
K.-W. Anton, Nadir Alvarez, J. Romero Napoles, Betty Benrey, and Martine Hossaert-McKey
- Subjects
biology ,Host (biology) ,Ecology ,Acanthoscelides ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Bruchidius ,Genetic divergence ,Genus ,Adaptive radiation ,Genetics ,Vicariance ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Adaptation ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Adaptation to host-plant defences through key innovations is a driving force of evolution in phytophagous insects. Species of the neotropical bruchid genus Acanthoscelides Schilsky are known to be associated with specific host plants. The speciation processes involved in such specialization pattern that have produced these specific associations may reflect radiations linked to particular kinds of host plants. By studying host-plant associations in closely related bruchid species, we have shown that adaptation to a particular host-plant (e.g. with a certain type of secondary compounds) could generally lead to a radiation of bruchid species at the level of terminal branches. However, in some cases of recent host shifts, there is no congruence between genetic proximity of bruchid species, and taxonomic similarity of host plants. At deeper branches in the phylogeny, vicariance or long-distance colonization events seem to be responsible for genetic divergence between well-marked clades rather than adaptation to host plants. Our study also suggests that the few species of Acanthoscelides described from the Old World, as well as Neotropical species feeding on Mimosoideae, are misclassified, and are more closely related to the sister genus Bruchidius.
- Published
- 2006
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.