Search

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and, when dysregulated, may cause serious complications. Losartan (LOS) blocks relevant physiological aspects of hypertension, acting mainly on the reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. Complications of hypertension include nephropathy, in which diagnosis is based on the observation of functional or structural renal dysfunction. Therefore, blood pressure control is essential to attenuate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, 1H NMR metabolomics were used to differentiate hypertensive and chronic renal patients. Plasmatic levels of LOS and EXP3174, obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with mass-mass spectroscopy, were correlated with blood pressure control, biochemical markers and the metabolomic fingerprint of the groups. Some biomarkers have been correlated with key aspects of hypertension and CKD progression. For instance, higher levels of trigonelline, urea and fumaric acid were found as characteristic markers of kidney failure. In the hypertensive group, the urea levels found could indicate the onset of kidney damage when associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. In this sense, the results point to a new approach to identify CKD in early stages and may contribute to improving pharmacotherapy and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension and CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a functional material with numerous applications as a drug solubilizer, thickener, and stabilizer. Herein, the mobile and rigid regions of HPC are investigated using liquid‐ and solid‐state NMR, respectively, in the high‐viscosity regime of concentrated aqueous samples, below and above the formation of an ordered chiral liquid‐crystalline (LC) mesophase. Liquid NMR 13C relaxation and hydration studies reveal that hydroxypropyl pendant chains remain more fluid than the pyranose sugar rings at concentrations below the formation of the LC phase. The inner part of the pendant chains close to the cellulose backbone exhibits a higher water structuration and a lower water renewal than the outer part and the pyranoses, which likely compensates for their higher hydrophobicity. When the LC phase is formed, the sample viscosity increases and the differences in flexibility and hydration of the pendant chains are reduced with respect to the pyranoses, while the whole system is rigidified. The system is not completely rigid even at concentrations above the formation of LC, as the interaction of water with the pyranoses considerably enhances their fluidity. In contrast, the pendant chains are much less affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt was made to explore a new type of sugar-amino acid hybrid, which was comprised of a sugar unit (gluco-galacto-, or mannopyranose) linked through a C-glycosidic linkage to the beta-position of an alpha-unsubstituted beta-amino acid unit. The synthetic strategy used is based on a new Mannich-type reaction between a chiral acetate enolate equivalent and alpha-amido sulfones derived from the corresponding sugar-C-glycoside aldehydes.

Research has been conducted on the (super) 1 H - (super)13 C one-bond dipolar coupling values. The natural abundance samples of human milk oligosaccharides have been investigated.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations were used to examine the conformational differences between C-lactose and its natural analogue methyl alpha-lactoside. It was found that the conformational behavior of C- and O-lactoses is only similar around the glycosidic bond, but not around the aglyconic bond. The flexibility around the beta(1->4) linkage was also found to be much larger for C-lactose. About 23% of the complete potential energy surface of C-lactose is also measurably populated and a number of energy minima coexist in solution.

The lipophilic interaction between carbohydrate surfaces regulates the stability of glycophane and various 4-nitrophenyl and 2,4-dinitrophenyl glycoside complexes. The hydroxy group at the position 5 and the hydroxyl group at position 2 of the axial derivative exerts a destabilizing effect on the glycophane complex. All glucose units exhibit a stable C1 chair conformation. Alterations in the chemical nature of the substituents of the incoming group cause differential changes in the free energy of binding of the complexes.

An investigation on the conformational flexibility of lactose in solution is presented using residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). One-bond carbon-proton and proton-proton coupling constants is measured in two oriented media and interpreted in combination with molecular dynamics simulations (MD).