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Fil: Fenoglio, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal; Argentina

The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.e., serve as shelters) but may also exert a strong influence on terrestrial community diversity in the engineered and neighboring hosts via colonization by secondary occupants. Although different traits of the host plant (e.g., physical, chemical, and architectural features) may affect the potential for ecosystem engineering by insects, such effects have been, to a certain degree, overlooked. Further analyses of how plant traits affect the occurrence of shelters may therefore enrich our understanding of the organizing principles of plant-based communities. This data set includes more than 1000 unique records of ecosystem engineering by arthropods, in the form of structures built on plants. All records have been published in the literature, and span both natural structures (91% of the records) and structures artificially created by researchers (9% of the records). The data were gathered between 1932 and 2021, across more than 50 countries and several ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical zones. In addition to data on host plants and engineers, we aggregated data on the type of constructs and the identity of inquilines using these structures. This data set highlights the importance of these subtle structures for the organization of terrestrial arthropod communities, enabling hypotheses testing in ecological studies addressing ecosystem engineering and facilitation mediated by constructs. There are no copyright restrictions and please cite this paper when using the data in publications.

Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to drought, high temperatures and climate variability might persist in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf shelters built by arthropods. We conducted a distributed experiment across an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient to explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation and underlying climate. Our analyses revealed leaf shelters to be key facilitative elements for the diversity of arthropods. Predator diversity and overall biomass within shelters increased with local drought and temperature variability, regardless of latitude and elevation. In contrast, shelter usage by herbivores increased with abundance of predators on those same plants and in wetter climates. Projected increase in climatic variability and drought in certain geographic regions is therefore likely to enhance the importance of biotic refuges, especially for predators, in mitigating the impact of climate change on species persistence.

Eristalinus (Eristalodes) taeniops (Wiedemann, 1818) is a pollinator hoverfly native to the Old World that has spread through several countries in America. We determine the current distribution of this species in Argentina by using records from scientific literature and citizen science websites. In addition, we report the first three specimens collected in Córdoba province. Eristalinus taeniops is present in 10 provinces in Argentina and seems to be more frequent in anthropized habitats. Likewise, the specimens we collected were exclusively captured within the city of Córdoba. Our results confirm the occurrence of E. taeniops in central Argentina and contribute to determining the actual geographic distribution of this species in the country. Our new data could help to evaluate the potential invasiveness of E. taeniops in ecosystems. Fil: Rossi Rotondi, Bruno Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Beccacece, Hernán Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Fenoglio, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Trap cropping is a habitat management strategy where the aim is to reduce damage to the crop of interest by mixing it with other plants that are highly attractive to insect pests. However, despite its potential, the application of this strategy has been limited mainly due to a lack of consistent effectiveness. Here, we developed an individual-based spatially explicit model that accounts for reproduction, movement and mortality of insects within a mixed crop system. This model was used to evaluate the effects of varying trap crop spatial configurations (border, stripes and patches), cover (2, 4 and 10 %) and supplemental management strategies (early harvest and pesticide application) to gain insight into the best control options offered by trap cropping. As a case study, we considered Liriomyza huidobrensis, a world known leafminer pest. Our results showed a maximum reduction of about 34 % in the pest population of the main crop when using trap plants. The supplemental management strategy had a stronger effect than other factors, with pesticide use being the best option. A sensitivity analysis showed that demographic parameters were more relevant than the behavioral ones in determining the success of the method. Our model suggests that trap cropping is only suitable for controlling L. huidobrensis if a pesticide application is added to the trap crop. Individual-based models, which are cheaper and less laborious than direct field testing, might provide an important tool to help define management schemes for the control of herbivorous pests. Fil: Fenoglio, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Morales, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina

Hunger plays a crucial role in insect feeding behavior, however food deprivation is rarely considered when insect responses to plant host and related chemical stimuli are investigated. Here we assessed, by means of experiments with Y-tube olfactometer, the effect of food deprivation time on the response of a specialist (Xanthogaleruca luteola) and a generalist (Diabrotica speciosa) herbivore beetle species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to odor cues of their respective host plants. Increasing food deprivation periods enhanced responses to host plant odor in both species, with insects remaining for longer in the olfactometer arm carrying plant odor than in the control, moving less frequently between olfactometer arms, and being more efficient in moving towards the plant odor as their first choice. These trends were less significant in the generalist species, which also required a longer fasting threshold (48 h) in comparison with the specialist (8 h). Our results, showing that prior food deprivation time can influence insect herbivore responsiveness to plant stimuli and that those effects may vary between species, highlight the risk of neglecting this factor in studies involving insect responses to host or chemical stimuli. Fil: Defagó, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Valladares, Graciela Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

1. Species? ranges are typically constrained by the interplay of physical barriers todispersal, environmental requirements such as suitable climatic conditions andbiotic constraints such as from predation or competition. However, teasing apartthe relative importance of these constraints in determining species distributionsstill represents a major challenge for ecologists.2. The Neotropical damselfly Mecistogaster modesta (Coenagrionidae: Odonata)inhabits wet and moist forests in mainland Central America and north-westernSouth America. This habitat specialist spends its larval development exclusivelyin tank bromeliads, where it acts as a keystone predator within the aquatic foodweb. Although tank-forming bromeliads occur from the southern United Statesthroughout most of South America, M. modesta is absent from the Caribbeanislands and South America south-east of the Andes mountain chain.3. We employed species distribution models to explore the relative importance ofphysical barriers (Andes mountain range and oceanic barriers), climate (meanannual temperature and annual precipitation) and biotic interactions (competitionfrom other bromeliad-dwelling odonates) in limiting the geographic distributionof M. modesta.4. We found that dispersal barriers strongly limit the geographic distribution ofM. modesta. In addition, its range is restricted by low temperatures and low precipitation.Competition from other bromeliad-dwelling odonates was not importantin limiting the damselfly?s range. Because of the physical barriers todispersal, M. modesta does not occupy its full potential geographic range. Specifically,our model predicted suitable habitat on the Caribbean islands and throughoutmost of South America, where the species is currently absent.5. These findings have important conservation implications, particularly as the aridificationof rainforests and subsequent localised extinctions due to climate changecontinue. On the other hand, the species may respond to warming temperaturesby tracking climate to higher elevations, with subsequent effects on na?ıve highelevationbromeliad food webs. An upwards migration could also increase theprobability of M. modesta overcoming the dispersal barrier presented by theAndes, enabling the damselfly to invade large areas of suitable habitat in SouthAmerica. Fil: Amundrud, Sarah L.. University of British Columbia; Canadá Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Srivastava, Diane S.. University of British Columbia; Canadá

In urban habitats, plant resources for herbivorous insects and their parasitoids are spatially subdivided and embedded in a matrix of built environment. These conditions could affect insect colonization and persistence, leading to altered trophic interactions. Here we tested whether spatial attributes (size and isolation) of patches of an urban spontaneous plant (Commelina erecta) affect the parasitism rates on a specialist leaf miner (Liriomyza commelinae) from its diverse parasitoid assemblage. To achieve this goal we performed an observational study in Córdoba city (Argentina), by sampling 893 naturally established C. erecta patches on 18 neighborhoods. Overall parasitism rates of the leaf miner augmented at increasing patch size and decreasing patch isolation, and those effects were mediated by changes in parasitoid richness. Leaf miners in larger or less isolated plant patches supported more parasitoid species which, independently of host abundance, led to higher parasitism rates. Individual parasitoid species showed different responses to patch attributes, with some species being more efficient in large or less isolated plant patches whereas parasitism rates of other species were independent of patch attributes. Our results highlight the importance of spatial availability of urban plant resources for parasitoid diversity and for the key process of biological control in which they are involved. Understanding how natural enemies respond to the patchiness of herbivore resources in the urban context could contribute to the development of strategies to preserve beneficial insects in these highly modified landscapes. Highlights We tested the effect of spatial attributes of urban plant patches on parasitoids. We analyzed parasitism rates of a leaf miner from its diverse parasitoid assemblage. Parasitism rates increased at increasing patch size and decreasing patch isolation. Plant patch effects on parasitism were mediated by changes in parasitoid richness. Fil: Fenoglio, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina; Fil: Salvo, Silvia Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina; Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina; Fil: Valladares, Graciela Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina

Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal; Argentina

1. The spatial structure of plant patches has been shown to affect host–parasitoid interactions, but its influence on parasitoid diversity remains largely ignored. Here we tested the prediction that parasitoid species richness of the specialist leafminer Liriomyza commelinae increases in larger and less isolated patches of its host plant Commelina erecta. We also explored whether parasitoid abundance and body size affected the occurrence of parasitoid species in local assemblages. 2. A total of 893 naturally established C. erecta patches were sampled on 18 sites around Cordoba city (Argentina). Also, two experiments were performed by creating patches differing in the number of plants and the distance from a parasitoid source. For these tests, plants were infected with the miner in the laboratory prior to placement in the field. 3. Plant patch size, independently of host abundance, positively affected the number of parasitoid species in both survey observations and experimental data. However, plant patch isolation did not influence parasitoid species richness. 4. The probability of finding rare parasitoid species increased with patch size, whereas occupation of isolated patches was independent of dispersal abilities (body size) of parasitoid species. 5. Overall, the results highlight the importance of considering spatial aspects such as the size of plant patches in the study of parasitoid communities.

Female ovipositing choices are expected to maximize offspring fitness. Leafminers often lay their eggs in an aggregated fashion, leading to exploitative or interference competition among larvae. However, few studies have explored whether egg distribution patterns vary with leaf availability and whetherthese changes are an attempt to reduce competition effects on offspring fitness. Here, we evaluated the egg distribution patterns of the specialist leafminer Liriomyza commelinae Frost (Diptera: Agromyzidae) for decreasing levels of leaf availability of their host plant Commelina erecta L. (Commelinaceae). Competition effects on insect performance were evaluated at various leaf larval densities in the laboratory and egg distribution was investigated for a wide range of leaf availability levels, both in the laboratory and in the field. Liriomyza commelinae performance indicated that larvae competed forresources (exploitative competition), with a negative impact on survival and adult size at emergence when four or more larvae shared a leaf. The distribution of the immature stages of the leafminer was aggregated in both the laboratory and in the field. As this pattern did not change with leaf availability,increasing levels of larval competition occurred when available leaves were scarce. Moreover, the proportion of total individuals subjected to the strongest competition level (six or more larvae per leaf) increased exponentially at the lower levels of leaf availability. Competition was found to be irrelevantas a selective force in shaping L. commelinae ovipositing decisions, as egg distribution was aggregated and did not vary with leaf availability, leading to relatively strong levels of competition. The egg distribution patterns observed in L. commelinae may have resulted from trade-offs between competition and factors such as enemy-free space and leaf quality. Fil: Aparicio, Maria Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Fenoglio, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Argentina

The optimal oviposition theory predicts that oviposition preferences of phytophagous insects should correlate with host suitability for their offspring. As plant host suitability depends not only on its quality as food, but also on its provision of enemy-free space, we examined the relationship between adult host preference and offspring performance for the leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on various host plants, considering also the interaction with natural enemies. Preference and offspring performance were assessed through observational field data and laboratory . experiments in central Argentina. Field data suggested a positive host preference - performance linkage, as the leafminer attained larger body size on the crops where it was more abundant. Laboratory trials supported these results: Viciafaba L. (Fabaceae) was the preferred host in the laboratory as well as in the field, performance of L. huidobrensis being also best on this host, with highest survival rates and shortest development time. The actively feeding larval stage showed the largest plant-related effects. Higher overall parasitism rates were found on plants from which smaller leafminers were reared, reinforcing the preference-performance linkage. On the other hand, the main parasitoid Phaedrotoma scabriventris Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reached larger body size, and caused higher mortality rates on crops where the leafminer was larger. Changes in abundance of particular parasitoid species could thus modify overall parasitism trends.

Parasitic assemblages of Liriomyza huidobrensis were analysed in relation to natural, urban and cultivated habitats through experimental and comparative methodologies. The field experiment consisted in placing potted plants previously mined in the laboratory in four localities representative of each habitat type for seven days, whereas naturally mined Arctium minus leaves were collected over several years in localities representative of different environments. Results showed that overall parasitism and parasitoid species richness were not lower in simple and disturbed than in complex habitats. Pooled data indicated that parasitism of L. huidobrensis increased in the sequence natural < urban < culticultivated on both experimentally exposed and naturally occurring weeds. Small leafminer populations attracted the highest total number of parasitoid species in cultivated habitats. Some degree of habitat specialisation was detected in eulophid species which were particularly scarce in cultivated habitats, the reverse being found for braconids. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Worldwide, intense forest fragmentation has resulted in mosaic landscapes in which biodiversity and a number of important ecological processes are threatened. Insect parasitism is a vital component of herbivore population regulation, hence the study of parasitism and para-sitoid richness in fragmented forests embedded in an agricultural matrix is relevant from conservation and management perspectives. Here, we investigated through experimental field exposure of the leafminer Liriomyza commelinae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) the effects of forestremnant size and edge/interior location on parasitism, species richness and parasitoid community composition. Two consecutive experiments were performed in which pots with mined plants were placed in remnants of Chaco Serrano forests in Central Argentina. Parasitism levels (onaverage above 50 %) and number of parasitoids species (in total, 20 species) were independent of forest remnant size. However, higher parasitism and species richness were found at the forest edge compared with the interior although the differences in species richness failed to reachstatistical significance. Parasitoid community composition was not related to forest size whereas assemblages from interior habitats showed closer similarity than those from the edges. The results suggest forest remnants could play an important role as reservoirs of parasitoids with potentialto control crop pests, a possibility heightened by the positive edge effects which could facilitate the transfer of this valuable ecosystem service to the adjacent cultivated land. Fil: Rossetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina Fil: Salvo, Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Valladares, Graciela Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; Argentina

Insect preferences for particular plant species might be subjected to trade-offs among several selective forces. Here, we evaluated, through laboratory and field experiments, the feeding and ovipositing preferences of the polyphagous leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in relation to adult and offspring performance and enemy-free space. Female leafminers preferred laying their eggs on Vicia faba (Fabaceae) over Beta vulgaris var. cicla (Chenopodiaceae), in both laboratory and field choice experiments, although no oviposition preference was observed in no-choice tests. Females fed more often on B. v. var. cicla (no-choice test) or showed no feeding preference (choice test), even when their realized fecundity was remarkably higher on V. faba. Offspring developed faster, tended to survive better, and attained bigger adult size on the preferred host plant. Also, a field experiment showed higher overall parasitism rates for leafminers developing on B. v. var. cicla, with a nonsignificant similar tendency in field surveys. According to these results, host plant selection by L. huidobrensis appears to be driven mainly by variation in host quality. Moreover, the consistent oviposition choices for the best host and the labile feeding preferences observed here, suggest that host plant selection might be driven by maximization of offspring fitness even without a conflict of interest between parents and offspring. Overall, these results highlight the complexity of decisions performed by phytophagous insects regarding their host plants, and the importance of simultaneous evaluation of the various driving forces involved, in order to unravel the adaptive significance of female choices.

Egg extrusion patterns were investigated as an inducible defensive mechanism in potato plants against the leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Increased multiplication rates in leaf cells surrounding an egg of L. huidobrensis leads to its exposure through the leaf cuticle, which might increase the risk of mortality. Extrusion rates were evaluated in laboratory tests, in relation to plant and leaf age in Solanum tuberosum L. var. Spunta. Stratified field sampling was also carried out in order to assess leafminer distribution on new and old leaves. Extrusion was higher in young plants, being restricted in older ones to new, still expanding leaves. Plant reaction was independent of egg density. In the field, damage was concentrated in older foliage, in line with the extrusion results. The relevance of egg extrusion for pest management is discussed. Fil: Videla, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Valladares, Graciela Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina