41 results on '"Martin Stout"'
Search Results
2. Correction: Clinical indications and triaging for adult transthoracic echocardiography: a statement by the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
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Sadie Bennett, Martin Stout, Thomas E. Ingram, Keith Pearce, Timothy Griffiths, Simon Duckett, Grant Heatlie, Patrick Thompson, Judith Tweedie, Jo Sopala, Sarah Ritzmann, Kelly Victor, Judith Skipper, Shaun Robinson, Andrew Potter, Daniel X. Augustine, and Claire L. Colebourn
- Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Concentric and Eccentric Remodelling of the Left Ventricle and Its Association to Function in the Male Athletes Heart: An Exploratory Study
- Author
-
Christopher Johnson, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Keith George, Martin Stout, William Procter, Robert M. Cooper, and David Oxborough
- Subjects
athletes heart ,left ventricle ,echocardiography ,speckle tracking echocardiography ,strain imaging ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Aims: To compare (1) conventional left ventricular (LV) functional parameters, (2) LV peak strain and strain rate and (3) LV temporal strain and strain rate curves in age, ethnicity and sport-matched athletes with concentric, eccentric and normal LV geometry. Methods: Forty-five male athletes were categorised according to LV geometry including concentric remodelling/hypertrophy (CON), eccentric hypertrophy (ECC) or normal (NORM). Athletes were evaluated using conventional echocardiography and myocardial speck tracking, allowing the assessment of myocardial strain and strain rate; as well as twist mechanics. Results: Concentric remodelling was associated with an increased ejection fraction (EF) compared to normal geometry athletes (64% (48–78%) and 56% (50–65%), respectively; p < 0.04). No differences in peak myocardial strain or strain rate were present between LV geometry groups including global longitudinal strain (GLS; CON −16.9% (−14.9–20.6%); ECC −17.9% (−13.0–22.1%); NORM −16.9% (−12.8–19.4%)), global circumferential strain (GCS; CON −18.1% (−13.5–24.5%); ECC −18.7% (−15.6–22.4%); NORM −18.0% (−13.5–19.7%)), global radial strain (GRS; CON 42.2% (30.3–70.5%); ECC 50.0% (39.2–60.0%); NORM 40.6 (29.9–57.0%)) and twist (CON 14.9° (3.7–25.3°); ECC 12.5° (6.3–20.8°); NORM 13.2° (8.8–24.2°)). Concentric and eccentric remodelling was associated with alterations in temporal myocardial strain and strain rate as compared to normal geometry athletes. Conclusion: Physiological concentric and eccentric remodelling in the athletes heart is generally associated with normal LV function; with concentric remodelling associated with an increased EF. Physiological concentric and eccentric remodelling in the athletes heart has no effect on peak myocardial strain but superior deformation and untwisting is unmasked when assessing the temporal distribution.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The prognostic value of Tei index in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review
- Author
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Sadie Bennett, Chun Wai Wong, Timothy Griffiths, Martin Stout, Jamal Nasir Khan, Simon Duckett, Grant Heatlie, and Chun Shing Kwok
- Subjects
echocardiography ,tei index ,myocardial performance index ,myocardial infarction ,prognosis ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background: Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is used in the risk stratification of patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the prognostic value of the Tei index, an alternative measure of global cardiac function, in AMI patients is not well established. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, using MEDLINE and EMBASE, to evaluate the prognostic value of the Tei index in predicting adverse outcomes in patients presenting with AMI. The data was collected and narratively synthesised. Results: A total of 16 studies were including in this review with 2886 participants (mean age was 60 years from 14 studies, the proportion of male patients 69.8% from 14 studies). Patient follow-up duration ranged from during the AMI hospitalisation stay to 57.8 months. Tei index showed a significant association with heart failure episodes, reinfarction, death and left ventricular thrombus formation in 14 out of the 16 studies. However, in one of these studies, Tei index was only significantly predictive of cardiac events in patients where LVEF was
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Transthoracic echocardiography of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adults: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
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Lauren Turvey, Daniel X Augustine, Shaun Robinson, David Oxborough, Martin Stout, Nicola Smith, Allan Harkness, Lynne Williams, Richard P Steeds, and William Bradlow
- Subjects
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ,guidelines ,echocardiography ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is common, inherited and characterised by unexplained thickening of the myocardium. The British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) has recently published a minimum dataset for transthoracic echocardiography detailing the core views needed for a standard echocardiogram. For patients with confirmed or suspected HCM, additional views and measurements are necessary. This guideline, therefore, supplements the minimum dataset and describes a tailored, stepwise approach to the echocardiographic examination, and echocardiography’s position in the diagnostic pathway, before advising on the imaging of disease complications and invasive treatments.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. British Society for Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society guideline for transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of adult cancer patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab
- Author
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Rebecca Dobson, Arjun K Ghosh, Bonnie Ky, Tom Marwick, Martin Stout, Allan Harkness, Rick Steeds, Shaun Robinson, David Oxborough, David Adlam, Susannah Stanway, Bushra Rana, Thomas Ingram, Liam Ring, Stuart Rosen, Chris Plummer, Charlotte Manisty, Mark Harbinson, Vishal Sharma, Keith Pearce, Alexander R Lyon, and Daniel X Augustine
- Subjects
anthracycline ,echocardiography ,guidelines ,her2 therapy ,imaging ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
The subspecialty of cardio-oncology aims to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer or following cancer treatment. Cancer therapy can lead to a variety of cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pericardial disease, and valvular heart disease. Echocardiography is a key diagnostic imaging tool in the diagnosis and surveillance for many of these complications. The baseline assessment and subsequent surveillance of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (HER) 2-positive targeted treatment (e.g. trastuzumab and pertuzumab) form a significant proportion of cardio-oncology patients undergoing echocardiography. This guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society outlines a protocol for baseline and surveillance echocardiography of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab. The methodology for acquisition of images and the advantages and disadvantages of techniques are discussed. Echocardiographic definitions for considering cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction are also presented.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A practical guideline for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram in adults: the British Society of Echocardiography minimum dataset
- Author
-
Shaun Robinson, Bushra Rana, David Oxborough, Rick Steeds, Mark Monaghan, Martin Stout, Keith Pearce, Allan Harkness, Liam Ring, Maria Paton, Waheed Akhtar, Radwa Bedair, Sanjeev Battacharyya, Katherine Collins, Cheryl Oxley, Julie Sandoval, Rebecca Schofield, Anjana Siva, Karen Parker, James Willis, and Daniel X Augustine
- Subjects
transthoracic echocardiography ,echocardiography ,minimum dataset ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Since cardiac ultrasound was introduced into medical practice around the middle twentieth century, transthoracic echocardiography has developed to become a highly sophisticated and widely performed cardiac imaging modality in the diagnosis of heart disease. This evolution from an emerging technique with limited application, into a complex modality capable of detailed cardiac assessment has been driven by technological innovations that have both refined ‘standard’ 2D and Doppler imaging and led to the development of new diagnostic techniques. Accordingly, the adult transthoracic echocardiogram has evolved to become a comprehensive assessment of complex cardiac anatomy, function and haemodynamics. This guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography aims to outline the minimum dataset required to confirm normal cardiac structure and function when performing a comprehensive standard adult echocardiogram and is structured according to the recommended sequence of acquisition. It is recommended that this structured approach to image acquisition and measurement protocol forms the basis of every standard adult transthoracic echocardiogram. However, when pathology is detected and further analysis becomes necessary, views and measurements in addition to the minimum dataset are required and should be taken with reference to the appropriate British Society of Echocardiography imaging protocol. It is anticipated that the recommendations made within this guideline will help standardise the local, regional and national practice of echocardiography, in addition to minimising the inter and intra-observer variation associated with echocardiographic measurement and interpretation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
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Abbas Zaidi, Daniel S Knight, Daniel X Augustine, Allan Harkness, David Oxborough, Keith Pearce, Liam Ring, Shaun Robinson, Martin Stout, James Willis, and Vishal Sharma
- Subjects
right heart ,echocardiography ,guideline ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
The structure and function of the right side of the heart is influenced by a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. Quantification of right heart parameters is important in a variety of clinical scenarios including diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring response to therapy. Although echocardiography remains the first-line imaging investigation for right heart assessment, published guidance is relatively sparse in comparison to that for the left ventricle. This guideline document from the British Society of Echocardiography describes the principles and practical aspects of right heart assessment by echocardiography, including quantification of chamber dimensions and function, as well as assessment of valvular function. While cut-off values for normality are included, a disease-oriented approach is advocated due to the considerable heterogeneity of structural and functional changes seen across the spectrum of diseases affecting the right heart. The complex anatomy of the right ventricle requires special considerations and echocardiographic techniques, which are set out in this document. The clinical relevance of right ventricular diastolic function is introduced, with practical guidance for its assessment. Finally, the relatively novel techniques of three-dimensional right ventricular echocardiography and right ventricular speckle tracking imaging are described. Despite these techniques holding considerable promise, issues relating to reproducibility and inter-vendor variation have limited their clinical utility to date.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A guideline update for the practice of echocardiography in the cardiac screening of sports participants: a joint policy statement from the British Society of Echocardiography and Cardiac Risk in the Young
- Author
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David Oxborough PhD, Daniel Augustine MD, Sabiha Gati PhD, Keith George PhD, Allan Harkness MSc, Thomas Mathew, Michael Papadakis MD, Liam Ring, Shaun Robinson MSc, Julie Sandoval, Rizwan Sarwar, Sanjay Sharma, Vishal Sharma MD, Nabeel Sheikh PhD, John Somauroo FRCP, Martin Stout PhD, James Willis PhD, and Abbas Zaidi MD
- Subjects
cardiac screening ,athletes heart ,echocardiography ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in an athlete is a rare but tragic event. In view of this, pre-participation cardiac screening is mandatory across many sporting disciplines to identify those athletes at risk. Echocardiography is a primary investigation utilized in the pre-participation setting and in 2013 the British Society of Echocardiography and Cardiac Risk in the Young produced a joint policy document providing guidance on the role of echocardiography in this setting. Recent developments in our understanding of the athlete’s heart and the application of echocardiography have prompted this 2018 update.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Practical tips and tricks in measuring strain, strain rate and twist for the left and right ventricles
- Author
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Christopher Johnson, Katherine Kuyt, David Oxborough, and Martin Stout
- Subjects
left ventricle ,right ventricle ,strain ,strain rate ,twist ,deformation ,speckle tracking echocardiography ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Strain imaging provides an accessible, feasible and non-invasive technique to assess cardiac mechanics. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is the primary modality with the utility for detection of subclinical ventricular dysfunction. Investigation and adoption of this technique has increased significantly in both the research and clinical environment. It is therefore important to provide information to guide the sonographer on the production of valid and reproducible data. The focus of this review is to (1) describe cardiac physiology and mechanics relevant to strain imaging, (2) discuss the concepts of strain imaging and STE and (3) provide a practical guide for the investigation and interpretation of cardiac mechanics using STE.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A meta-analysis for the echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular structure and function in ARVC: a Study by the Research and Audit Committee of the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
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Mohammad Qasem, Victor Utomi, Keith George, John Somauroo, Abbas Zaidi, Lynsey Forsythe, Sanjeev Bhattacharrya, Guy Lloyd, Bushra Rana, Liam Ring, Shaun Robinson, Roxy Senior, Nabeel Sheikh, Mushemi Sitali, Julie Sandoval, Richard Steeds, Martin Stout, James Willis, and David Oxborough
- Subjects
echocardiography ,arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ,ARVC ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Introduction: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ARVC) is an inherited pathology that can increase the risk of sudden death. Current task force criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis do not include new, regional assessment tools which may be relevant in a phenotypically diverse disease. We adopted a systematic review and meta-analysis approach to highlight echocardiographic indices that differentiated ARVC patients and healthy controls. Methods: Data was extracted and analysed from prospective trials that employed a case–control design meeting strict inclusion and exclusion as well as a priori quality criteria. Structural indices included proximal RV outflow tract (RVOT1) and RV diastolic area (RVDarea). Functional indices included RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular systolic excursion (TAPSE), peak systolic and early diastolic myocardial velocities (S′ and E′, respectively) and myocardial strain. Results: Patients with ARVC had larger RVOT1 (mean ± s.d.; 34 vs 28 mm, P < 0.001) and RVDarea (23 vs 18 cm2, P < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. ARVC patients also had lower RVFAC (38 vs 46%, P < 0.001), TAPSE (17 vs 23 mm, P < 0.001), S′ (9 vs 12 cm/s, P < 0.001), E′ (9 vs 13 cm/s, P < 0.001) and myocardial strain (−17 vs −30%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The data from this meta-analysis support current task force criteria for the diagnosis of ARVC. In addition, other RV measures that reflect the complex geometry and function in ARVC clearly differentiated between ARVC and healthy controls and may provide additional diagnostic and management value. We recommend that future working groups consider this data when proposing new/revised criteria for the echocardiographic diagnosis of ARVC.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Diagnosis and assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy: a guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
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Thomas Mathew, Lynne Williams, Govardhan Navaratnam, Bushra Rana, Richard Wheeler, Katherine Collins, Allan Harkness, Richard Jones, Dan Knight, Kevin O’Gallagher, David Oxborough, Liam Ring, Julie Sandoval, Martin Stout, Vishal Sharma, and Richard P Steeds
- Subjects
dilated cardiomyopathy ,echocardiography ,left ventricular dysfunction ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating and life-threatening condition, with 5-year survival rate lower than breast or prostate cancer. It is the leading cause of hospital admission in over 65s, and these admissions are projected to rise by more than 50% over the next 25 years. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first-line step in diagnosis in acute and chronic HF and provides immediate information on chamber volumes, ventricular systolic and diastolic function, wall thickness, valve function and the presence of pericardial effusion, while contributing to information on aetiology. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third most common cause of HF and is the most common cardiomyopathy. It is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions (hypertension and valve disease) or coronary artery disease sufficient to cause global systolic impairment. This document provides a practical approach to diagnosis and assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy that is aimed at the practising sonographer.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Concentric and Eccentric Remodelling of the Left Ventricle and Its Association to Function in the Male Athletes Heart: An Exploratory Study
- Author
-
Oxborough, Christopher Johnson, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Keith George, Martin Stout, William Procter, Robert M. Cooper, and David
- Subjects
athletes heart ,left ventricle ,echocardiography ,speckle tracking echocardiography ,strain imaging - Abstract
Aims: To compare (1) conventional left ventricular (LV) functional parameters, (2) LV peak strain and strain rate and (3) LV temporal strain and strain rate curves in age, ethnicity and sport-matched athletes with concentric, eccentric and normal LV geometry. Methods: Forty-five male athletes were categorised according to LV geometry including concentric remodelling/hypertrophy (CON), eccentric hypertrophy (ECC) or normal (NORM). Athletes were evaluated using conventional echocardiography and myocardial speck tracking, allowing the assessment of myocardial strain and strain rate; as well as twist mechanics. Results: Concentric remodelling was associated with an increased ejection fraction (EF) compared to normal geometry athletes (64% (48–78%) and 56% (50–65%), respectively; p < 0.04). No differences in peak myocardial strain or strain rate were present between LV geometry groups including global longitudinal strain (GLS; CON −16.9% (−14.9–20.6%); ECC −17.9% (−13.0–22.1%); NORM −16.9% (−12.8–19.4%)), global circumferential strain (GCS; CON −18.1% (−13.5–24.5%); ECC −18.7% (−15.6–22.4%); NORM −18.0% (−13.5–19.7%)), global radial strain (GRS; CON 42.2% (30.3–70.5%); ECC 50.0% (39.2–60.0%); NORM 40.6 (29.9–57.0%)) and twist (CON 14.9° (3.7–25.3°); ECC 12.5° (6.3–20.8°); NORM 13.2° (8.8–24.2°)). Concentric and eccentric remodelling was associated with alterations in temporal myocardial strain and strain rate as compared to normal geometry athletes. Conclusion: Physiological concentric and eccentric remodelling in the athletes heart is generally associated with normal LV function; with concentric remodelling associated with an increased EF. Physiological concentric and eccentric remodelling in the athletes heart has no effect on peak myocardial strain but superior deformation and untwisting is unmasked when assessing the temporal distribution.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Clinical indications and triaging for adult transthoracic echocardiography: a consensus statement by the British Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with British Heart Valve Society
- Author
-
Sadie, Bennett, Martin, Stout, Thomas E, Ingram, Keith, Pearce, Timothy, Griffiths, Simon, Duckett, Grant, Heatlie, Patrick, Thompson, Judith, Tweedie, Jo, Sopala, Sarah, Ritzmann, Kelly, Victor, Judith, Skipper, Benoy N, Shah, Shaun, Robinson, Andrew, Potter, Daniel X, Augustine, and Claire L, Colebourn
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Abstract
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is widely utilised within many aspects of clinical practice, as such the demand placed on echocardiography services is ever increasing. In an attempt to provide incremental value for patients and standardise patient care, the British Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with the British Heart Valve Society have devised updated guidance for the indications and triaging of adult TTE requests for TTE services to implement into clinical practice.
- Published
- 2022
15. British Society for Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society guideline for transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of adult cancer patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab
- Author
-
Shaun Robinson, Thomas Ingram, Rebecca Dobson, Daniel Augustine, Liam Ring, Richard P. Steeds, Arjun K. Ghosh, Charlotte Manisty, Bonnie Ky, Keith Pearce, David Oxborough, Stuart D. Rosen, David Adlam, Thomas H. Marwick, Martin Stout, Mark Harbinson, Alexander R. Lyon, Bushra Rana, Susannah Stanway, Vishal Sharma, Chris Plummer, and Allan Harkness
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Heart disease ,business.industry ,valvular heart disease ,Cancer ,Guideline ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Subspecialty ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical research ,Trastuzumab ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Pertuzumab ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The subspecialty of cardio-oncology aims to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer or following cancer treatment. Cancer therapy can lead to a variety of cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pericardial disease, and valvular heart disease. Echocardiography is a key diagnostic imaging tool in the diagnosis and surveillance for many of these complications. The baseline assessment and subsequent surveillance of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (HER) 2-positive targeted treatment (e.g. trastuzumab and pertuzumab) form a significant proportion of cardio-oncology patients undergoing echocardiography. This guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society outlines a protocol for baseline and surveillance echocardiography of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab. The methodology for acquisition of images and the advantages and disadvantages of techniques are discussed. Echocardiographic definitions for considering cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction are also presented.
- Published
- 2021
16. Joint British Societies' guideline on management of cardiac arrest in the cardiac catheter laboratory
- Author
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Joel Dunning, Andrew Archbold, Joseph Paul de Bono, Liz Butterfield, Nick Curzen, Charles D Deakin, Ellie Gudde, Thomas R Keeble, Alan Keys, Mike Lewis, Niall O'Keeffe, Jaydeep Sarma, Martin Stout, Paul Swindell, and Simon Ray
- Subjects
Adult ,Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ,Cardiology ,Humans ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Laboratories ,Cardiac Catheters ,Heart Arrest - Abstract
More than 300 000 procedures are performed in cardiac catheter laboratories in the UK each year. The variety and complexity of percutaneous cardiovascular procedures have both increased substantially since the early days of invasive cardiology, when it was largely focused on elective coronary angiography and single chamber (right ventricular) permanent pacemaker implantation. Modern-day invasive cardiology encompasses primary percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac resynchronisation therapy, complex arrhythmia ablation and structural heart interventions. These procedures all carry the risk of cardiac arrest.We have developed evidence-based guidelines for the management of cardiac arrest in adult patients in the catheter laboratory. The guidelines include recommendations which were developed by collaboration between nine professional and patient societies that are involved in promoting high-quality care for patients with cardiovascular conditions. We present a set of protocols which use the skills of the whole catheter laboratory team and which are aimed at achieving the best possible outcomes for patients who suffer a cardiac arrest in this setting. We identified six roles and developed a treatment algorithm which should be adopted during cardiac arrest in the catheter laboratory. We recommend that all catheter laboratory staff undergo regular training for these emergency situations which they will inevitably face.
- Published
- 2022
17. A practical guideline for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram in adults: the British Society of Echocardiography minimum dataset
- Author
-
Shaun Robinson, Waheed Akhtar, David Oxborough, Katherine Collins, Allan Harkness, Karen Parker, Martin Stout, Maria F. Paton, Keith Pearce, Julie Sandoval, Mark Monaghan, Liam Ring, Anjana Siva, Sanjeev Bhattacharyya, James Willis, Richard P. Steeds, Bushra Rana, Rebecca Schofield MBChB, Radwa Bedair, Cheryl Oxley, and Daniel Augustine
- Subjects
minimum dataset ,lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Guidelines and Recommendations ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Doppler imaging ,Practical guideline ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,transthoracic echocardiography ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Image acquisition ,echocardiography ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Medical physics ,Cardiac imaging ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Protocol (science) ,Modality (human–computer interaction) ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Guideline ,lcsh:RC666-701 ,Transthoracic echocardiogram ,business - Abstract
Since cardiac ultrasound was introduced into medical practice around the middle twentieth century, transthoracic echocardiography has developed to become a highly sophisticated and widely performed cardiac imaging modality in the diagnosis of heart disease. This evolution from an emerging technique with limited application, into a complex modality capable of detailed cardiac assessment has been driven by technological innovations that have both refined ‘standard’ 2D and Doppler imaging and led to the development of new diagnostic techniques. Accordingly, the adult transthoracic echocardiogram has evolved to become a comprehensive assessment of complex cardiac anatomy, function and haemodynamics. This guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography aims to outline the minimum dataset required to confirm normal cardiac structure and function when performing a comprehensive standard adult echocardiogram and is structured according to the recommended sequence of acquisition. It is recommended that this structured approach to image acquisition and measurement protocol forms the basis of every standard adult transthoracic echocardiogram. However, when pathology is detected and further analysis becomes necessary, views and measurements in addition to the minimum dataset are required and should be taken with reference to the appropriate British Society of Echocardiography imaging protocol. It is anticipated that the recommendations made within this guideline will help standardise the local, regional and national practice of echocardiography, in addition to minimising the inter and intra-observer variation associated with echocardiographic measurement and interpretation.
- Published
- 2020
18. Transthoracic echocardiography of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adults: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
-
Martin Stout, Shaun Robinson, Allan Harkness, William Bradlow, Richard P. Steeds, David Oxborough, Daniel Augustine, Lynne Williams, Lauren Turvey, and Nicola Smith
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Guidelines and Recommendations ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Practical guideline ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ,echocardiography ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,cardiovascular diseases ,guidelines ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Invasive treatments ,Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,Guideline ,medicine.disease ,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,R1 ,RC666-701 ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,Thickening ,business ,Stepwise approach ,RC - Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is common, inherited and characterised by unexplained thickening of the myocardium. The British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) has recently published a minimum dataset for transthoracic echocardiography detailing the core views needed for a standard echocardiogram. For patients with confirmed or suspected HCM, additional views and measurements are necessary. This guideline, therefore, supplements the minimum dataset and describes a tailored, stepwise approach to the echocardiographic examination, and echocardiography's position in the diagnostic pathway, before advising on the imaging of disease complications and invasive treatments.
- Published
- 2021
19. The prognostic value of Tei index in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review
- Author
-
Chun Shing Kwok, Grant Heatlie, Martin Stout, Sadie Bennett, Timothy Griffiths, Chun Wai Wong, Jamal Nasir Khan, and Simon Duckett
- Subjects
Cardiac function curve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Tei index ,MEDLINE ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,echocardiography ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,In patient ,Myocardial infarction ,cardiovascular diseases ,myocardial performance index ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Ejection fraction ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Research ,Left ventricular thrombus ,medicine.disease ,RC666 ,R1 ,myocardial infarction ,lcsh:RC666-701 ,Heart failure ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,prognosis ,business - Abstract
Background:Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is used in the risk stratification of patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the prognostic value of the Tei index, an alternative measure of global cardiac function, in AMI patients is not well established. Methods:We conducted a systematic review, using MEDLINE and EMBASE, to evaluate the prognostic value of the Tei index in predicting adverse outcomes in patients presenting with AMI. The data was collected and narratively synthesised. Results:A total of 16 studies were including in this review with 2886 participants (mean age was 60 years from 14 studies, the proportion of male patients 69.8% from 14 studies). Patient follow-up duration ranged from during the AMI hospitalisation stay to 57.8 months. Tei index showed a significant association with heart failure episodes, reinfarction, death and left ventricular thrombus formation in 14 out of the 16 studies. However, in one of these studies, Tei index was only significantly predictive of cardiac events in patients where LVEF was Conclusion:Tei index may be an important prognostic marker in AMI patients, however, more studies are needed to better understand when it should be used routinely within clinical practice
- Published
- 2020
20. 35 The (troponin) – manchester acute coronary syndrome rules in the emergency department systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Mark Slevin, Richard Body, Amy McMullen, Catrin Austin, Martin Stout, Malak Almashali, Nina Dempsey-Hibbert, and Garry McDowell
- Subjects
Acute coronary syndrome ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Chest pain ,Troponin ,Meta-analysis ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,education ,business ,Mace - Abstract
Introduction Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for emergency hospital admission. The Manchester Acute Coronary Syndrome (MACS), and subsequent Troponin only-MACS (T-MACS), rule risk stratify patients presenting with chest pain into 4 groups (Very low risk, low risk, moderate risk and high risk) with the aim of enabling immediate rule-in or rule-out of acute coronary syndromes in the ED. Low risk patients can be safely discharged from the ED with low probability of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) without further testing. We aimed to summarise the evidence for the use of the (T)MACS rules in the immediate rule-out of ACS in the ED in the very low risk category by undertaking a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We performed a keyword literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science using MACS, T-MACS and acute coronary syndrome as search terms. After removal of duplicates, 2 authors reviewed the title and abstract to shortlist for full text review. Data was extracted independently by 2 authors, with disagreement resolved by discussion. Outcomes included were prevalent AMI and incident MACE. Quality assessment was performed using a QUADAS-2 model and meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15 running the METANDI and MIDAS commands. Results 9 studies were included (5 reporting T-MACS and 4 MACS). Data showing the summary AUC, combined sensitivity, and specificity for prevalent AMI and incident MACE in the very low risk (safe for immediate discharge) strata are shown in Table 1. Representative Forrest Plots for MACS and T-MACS are shown in figures 1 and 2 respectfully. Conclusion The MACS and T-MACS rules provide an accurate tool to identify a low risk chest pain population safe for immediate discharge from ED without the need for followup biomarker testing, with high sensitivity for AMI and ACS. Conflict of Interest None
- Published
- 2020
21. 114 Predicting surgical outcomes in carcinoid heart disease using transthoracic echocardiography
- Author
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Harjot Singh, Richard P. Steeds, Tessa Oelofse, Raheel Ahmad, Stephen Rooney, Abigail Brooke, James Hodosn, Tahir Shah, and Martin Stout
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Surgical team ,Ejection fraction ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine.disease ,Valve replacement ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Patent foramen ovale ,Cardiology ,Transthoracic echocardiogram ,Complication ,business ,Survival rate ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background Carcinoid heart disease (CHD) develops as a complication of neuroendocrine tumours (NET). The prognosis of CHD without intervention is poor; 3 year survival is estimated at 31%. Surgical valve replacement is the only treatment for CHD, but is associated with a high 30-day mortality (10-15%) and prolonged recovery. Aim To identify pre-operative transthoracic echocardiogram (PTTE) findings that could determine which patients have a high likelihood of post-surgical mortality at 1 year. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study recruited 88 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CHD between 2005-19 at University Hospital Birmingham; 49 (56%) of these were treated surgically. Indications for surgery were: stable NET, symptomatic severe valvular dysfunction, progressive RV dilatation or RV dysfunction, absence of significant comorbidities. Surgery was not offered to those patients that were unlikely to benefit, either due to frailty or short life expectancy, or if the disease severity which did not warrant surgical intervention. Patient demographics are reported in Table 1. All patients underwent a standard PTTE. PTTE parameters assessed included: right ventricular (RV) size, RV function (qualitative), TAPSE, RV fractional area change, RV S wave velocity, left ventricular (LV) size, LV ejection fraction and valvular velocities. Surgery was performed by a single surgical team using bioprosthetic valve replacements. Across the patient population there were 48 tricuspid, 39 pulmonary, six aortic and four mitral replacements. Five patients also underwent a coronary bypass graft procedure; 12 had a patent foramen ovale closure and 23 required implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Results Patients were followed up for a median of 15 months (IQR: 6-59) after surgery, during which time there were 33 deaths, giving a median survival time of 30 months (IQR: 7-85). Increasingly severe RV dilatation was significantly associated with shorter survival (p=0.032). The estimated survival rate at three years was 67% in those with normal RV size, compared to 24% in the severe RV group (Figure 1). RV basal diameter was then further assessed. ROC curve analysis for the outcome of one year survival returned an area under the curve of 0.66 (SE=0.10). Youden’s index identified RV diameter >4.8cm to be the optimal cut-off for identifying high-risk patients. One year mortality rates were 26% (7/27) vs. 75% (9/12) in those with RV basal diameter of ≤4.8 vs. >4.8cm (p=0.006). Conclusion A pre-operative right ventricular basal diameter >4.8cm is associated with a near three-fold increase in post-operative mortality at one year. These findings highlight the importance of regular imaging in order to optimise the timing of surgery in patients with CHD. Conflict of Interest None
- Published
- 2020
22. Report from the Annual Conference of the British Society of Echocardiography, November 2017, Edinburgh International Conference Centre, Edinburgh
- Author
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Marilou Huang, Omar Aldalati, Niall G Campbell, Andrew Kennedy, T Irvine, Vetton Chee Kay Lee, Jamal Nasir Khan, Emily Robins, Christopher Eggett, Haotian Gu, Sonecki Piotr, Simon Duckett, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, Keith Pearce, Martin Stout, Sinead Cabezon, Peter Luke, Stavros Apostolakis, Anna Barton, Mehdi Eskandari, David Slessor, Tamara Naneishvili, Thomas Jake Turner, Shaun Robinson, Vishal Sharma, Prathap Kanagala, Arron Pasricha, Liam Batchelor, Bernard Prendergast, Paul Woodmansey, Theodoros Ntoskas, Andreea Mihai, Sean Coffey, Caroline Bleakley, Richard Crawley, Brogan McAdam, Linda Arnold, Hwee Phen Teh, Tamseel Fatima, Allan L. Klein, Anita Macnab, Chih Wong, Loakim Spyridopoulos, Nicolas E R Goodfield, Jo Wilson, Saul G. Myerson, Alan C. Cameron, Caroline J Coats, Phang Gyee Vuei, Andrew J Fletcher, Bushra S. Rana, Matthew M.Y. Lee, Grant Heatlie, Shanat Baig, Conor Steele, Timothy Griffiths, Almira R Whittaker, Farhanda Ahmad, Maryam Alsharqi, Emma Lane, Vera Lennie, Phil Chowienczyk, Christos Voukalis, Chun Shing Kwok, Mark J. Monaghan, Louise C Mayall, Kully Sandhu, Alice M Jackson, Nashwah Ismail, Robert Butler, Margaret Loudon, and Hannah Garnett
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Library science ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business - Published
- 2019
23. A meta-analysis for the echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular structure and function in ARVC: a Study by the Research and Audit Committee of the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
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Lynsey Forsythe, Roxy Senior, Bushra S. Rana, Liam Ring, Shaun Robinson, Victor Utomi, Sanjeev Bhattacharrya, Julie Sandoval, Nabeel Sheikh, Mushemi Sitali, Keith George, James Willis, Guy Lloyd, Richard P. Steeds, David Oxborough, Martin Stout, John Somauroo, Abbas Zaidi, and Mohammad Qasem
- Subjects
lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Diastole ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Sudden death ,Right ventricular cardiomyopathy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,ARVC ,echocardiography ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,030212 general & internal medicine ,arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Research ,Fractional area change ,lcsh:RC666-701 ,Meta-analysis ,Myocardial strain ,Cardiology ,Early diastolic ,Right ventricular structure ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited pathology that can increase the risk of sudden death. Current task force criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis do not include new, regional assessment tools which may be relevant in a phenotypically diverse disease. We adopted a systematic review and meta-analysis approach to highlight echocardiographic indices that differentiated ARVC patients and healthy controls. Methods: Data was extracted and analysed from prospective trials that employed a case–control design meeting strict inclusion and exclusion as well as a priori quality criteria. Structural indices included proximal RV outflow tract (RVOT1) and RV diastolic area (RVDarea). Functional indices included RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular systolic excursion (TAPSE), peak systolic and early diastolic myocardial velocities (S′ and E′, respectively) and myocardial strain. Results: Patients with ARVC had larger RVOT1 (mean ± s.d.; 34 vs 28 mm, P < 0.001) and RVDarea (23 vs 18 cm2, P < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. ARVC patients also had lower RVFAC (38 vs 46%, P < 0.001), TAPSE (17 vs 23 mm, P < 0.001), S′ (9 vs 12 cm/s, P < 0.001), E′ (9 vs 13 cm/s, P < 0.001) and myocardial strain (−17 vs −30%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The data from this meta-analysis support current task force criteria for the diagnosis of ARVC. In addition, other RV measures that reflect the complex geometry and function in ARVC clearly differentiated between ARVC and healthy controls and may provide additional diagnostic and management value. We recommend that future working groups consider this data when proposing new/revised criteria for the echocardiographic diagnosis of ARVC.
- Published
- 2016
24. P6476Multi-layer and segmental longitudinal strain response to incremental cycle exercise
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H Garnett, Garry McDowell, K Pearce, and Martin Stout
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Longitudinal strain ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Cycle exercise ,Composite material ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Layer (electronics) - Published
- 2018
25. A novel application of salivary testosterone in systolic heart failure
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Keith Pearce, Simon G. Williams, and Martin Stout
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Salivary testosterone ,Exercise capacity ,medicine.disease ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,Internal Medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Cardiac mechanics - Published
- 2015
26. Optimising train axle inspection with the implementation of human-robot collaboration: A human factors perspective
- Author
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Martin Stout and George Charalambous
- Subjects
Transport engineering ,Engineering ,Axle ,Empirical research ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,business.industry ,Human error ,Robot ,business ,Asset (computer security) ,Human–robot interaction ,Task (project management) ,Variety (cybernetics) - Abstract
Train axle inspection tasks rely on human operators working in and around depots and pits, searching for and identifying defects, with the use of non-destructive testing methods. Characteristics of the working environment and equipment design increase the likelihood of human error due to a variety of issues such as poor lighting, restricted access, awkward postures and limitations associated with the design of equipment interfaces. The purpose of this discussion paper is to encourage debate amongst the rail industry by proposing a new concept for carrying out this task, namely human-robot collaboration. Literature review from comparable domains has identified that human-collaborative robotic systems have been proposed and developed to optimise asset health monitoring. This concept could potentially be applied to train axle inspection with profound implications. At the same time, it is acknowledged that integrating humans and robotic systems within the same workspace will be a significant challenge and will require a holistic human factors approach. To this end, the latest empirical research on the key human factors that need to be considered, at an organisational and individual level, for the successful integration of humans and robots in industrial applications is presented.
- Published
- 2016
27. Preimplant Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
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Martin Stout, Christopher A. Miller, Keith Pearce, and Roshan Ravindran
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Heart transplantation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Continuous flow ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hemodynamics ,medicine.disease ,Cardiovascular physiology ,Patient population ,Symptom relief ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,Ventricular assist device ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
For many patients with end-stage heart failure, heart transplantation is the only remaining option to prolong survival and provide symptom relief. Transthoracic echo is the modality of choice in assessing a patient for potential left ventricular assist device (LVAD) insertion. There are currently no guidelines available, and assessing this specific patient population can prove extremely challenging. As such, an understanding of LVAD mechanism, the important physiological consequences of device implantation together with the related echocardiographic examination is vital to accurately and effectively gauge correct patient selection and also improve implantation success. This review aims to highlight the common devices implanted, how these devices affect cardiac physiology and hemodynamics, and therefore discuss the major echocardiographic variables that should be assessed predevice implantation. (Echocardiography 2012;29:52-58).
- Published
- 2011
28. Athletes' Heart and Echocardiography: Athletes' Heart
- Author
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Martin Stout
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Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cardiomyopathy ,Physical examination ,Risk Assessment ,Sudden death ,Young Adult ,Cause of Death ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Physical Examination ,Mass screening ,Cause of death ,Physical Education and Training ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Athletes ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Echocardiography, Doppler ,Death, Sudden, Cardiac ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Risk assessment ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Sports - Abstract
Sudden death of competitive athletes is rare. However, they continue to have an impact on both the lay and medical communities. These deaths challenge the perception that trained athletes represent the healthiest segment of modern society. There is an increasing frequency of such reported deaths worldwide and the visibility of this issue is underlined by the high-profile nature of each case. Differential diagnosis between pathological and the physiologic (nonpathological) responses to high levels of physical training has become clinically more important. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main echocardiograph characteristics related to different types of training/sports participation and to highlight already recognized and newer concepts in their clinical assessment.
- Published
- 2008
29. Medalists with extreme duration of type 1 diabetes exhibit only mild diastolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis
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Keith Pearce, Rayaz A. Malik, Omar Asghar, Andrew Fagan, Matthias Schmitt, Martin Stout, and Simon Ray
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Diastole ,Nephropathy ,Body Mass Index ,Coronary artery disease ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Mitral valve ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Triglycerides ,Aged ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Type 1 diabetes ,Heart Failure, Diastolic ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Diabetic retinopathy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Fibrosis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cholesterol ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Heart failure ,Case-Control Studies ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,business - Abstract
Medalists are a unique subset of patients with more than 50 years of type 1 diabetes. One would expect these patients to have significant microvascular and macrovascular complications. However, the Joslin observational study showed that of their medalists, a substantial proportion remained free of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (42.6%), nephropathy (86.9%), and neuropathy (39.4%) (1). Whether this protection extends to the heart is unknown. We therefore comprehensively investigated cardiac structure and function in 14 medalists and 9 control subjects. They underwent rest and stress (vasodilator) perfusion MRI to exclude significant coronary artery disease and echocardiography to quantify cardiac structure and left ventricular systolic function, including strain, strain rate, torsion, and diastolic dimensions. Pulsed-wave Doppler sequences of the mitral valve assessing passive early (E) and active atrial (A) …
- Published
- 2014
30. Effects of a Pragmatic Lifestyle Intervention for Reducing Body Mass in Obese Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised Controlled Trial
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Robert Copeland, Edward M. Winter, J. P. Moss, Catherine Billings, Garry A. Tew, Stephen Bianchi, Martin Stout, and John M. Saxton
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Article Subject ,lcsh:Medicine ,Body fat percentage ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Body Mass Index ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Lifestyle intervention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Life Style ,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Sleep apnea ,General Medicine ,A300 ,Middle Aged ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,C600 ,Diet ,Exercise Therapy ,Clinical Study ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a pragmatic lifestyle intervention in obese adults with continuous positive airway pressure-treated obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). Sixty patients were randomised 1 : 1 to either a 12-week lifestyle intervention or an advice-only control group. The intervention involved supervised exercise sessions, dietary advice, and the promotion of lifestyle behaviour change using cognitive-behavioural techniques. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (week 0), intervention end-point (week 13), and follow-up (week 26). The primary outcome was 13-week change in body mass. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry, blood-borne biomarkers, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life. At end-point, the intervention group exhibited small reductions in body mass (−1.8 [−3.0, −0.5] kg;P=0.007) and body fat percentage (−1 [−2, 0]%;P=0.044) and moderate improvements in C-reactive protein (−1.3 [−2.4, −0.2] mg·L−1;P=0.028) and exercise capacity (95 [50, 139] m;P<0.001). At follow-up, changes in body mass (−2.0 [−3.5, −0.5] kg;P=0.010), body fat percentage (−1 [−2, 0]%;P=0.033), and C-reactive protein (−1.3 [−2.5, −0.1] mg·L−1;P=0.037) were maintained and exercise capacity was further improved (132 [90, 175] m;P<0.001). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01546792.
- Published
- 2014
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31. Testosterone therapy during exercise rehabilitation in male patients with chronic heart failure who have low testosterone status: a double-blind randomized controlled feasibility study
- Author
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Nicola Woodroofe, Martin Stout, Helen Doll, Irena Zwierska, John M. Saxton, Garry A. Tew, and Kevin Channer
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,Grip strength ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Muscle Strength ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Heart Failure ,business.industry ,Depression ,Beck Depression Inventory ,VO2 max ,Testosterone (patch) ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,United Kingdom ,Exercise Therapy ,Treatment Outcome ,Echocardiography ,Heart failure ,Chronic Disease ,Physical therapy ,Androgens ,Exercise Test ,Quality of Life ,Feasibility Studies ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
This study assessed the feasibility of a 12-week program of exercise, with and without intramuscular testosterone supplementation, in male patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and low testosterone status and collected preliminary data for key health outcomes.Male patients with CHF (n = 41, age 67.2 years, range 51-84 years) with mean ± SD testosterone levels of 10.7 ± 2.6 nmol/L (309 ± 76 ng/dL) were randomly allocated to exercise with testosterone or placebo groups. Feasibility was assessed in terms of recruitment, intervention compliance, and attrition. Outcomes included an incremental shuttle walk test, peak oxygen uptake, muscular strength, echocardiographic measures, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, inflammatory markers, depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and health-related quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form).Attrition was 30% but with 100% compliance to exercise and injections in patients who completed the study. Similar improvements in shuttle walk test (18% vs 19%), body mass (-1.3 kg vs -1.0 kg), and hand grip strength (2.1 kg vs 2.5 kg) from baseline were observed in both groups. The exercise with testosterone group showed improvements from baseline in peak oxygen uptake (P.01), Beck Depression Inventory (P.05), leg strength (P.05), and several Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form quality of life domains (P.05), which were generally not apparent in the exercise with placebo group. Echocardiographic measures, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and inflammatory markers were mostly unchanged.This study shows for the first time that testosterone supplementation during a program of exercise rehabilitation is feasible and can positively impact on a range of key health outcomes in elderly male patients with CHF who have a low testosterone status.
- Published
- 2012
32. Comparison of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography with cardiovascular magnetic resonance for left ventricular volumetric assessment in unselected patients
- Author
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David Clark, Rachel Argyle, Matthias Schmitt, Christopher A. Miller, Peter Jordan, Simon Ray, Martin Stout, and Keith Pearce
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Image quality ,Heart Ventricles ,Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Observer Variation ,Ejection fraction ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Three dimensional echocardiography ,Stroke Volume ,General Medicine ,Stroke volume ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Predictive value of tests ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Body mass index - Abstract
AIMS: To compare left ventricular (LV) volume indices and the ejection fraction (EF) obtained using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in unselected patients representative of 'real-world' clinical practice, and to determine the effect of RT3DE image quality on these parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty consecutive patients undergoing CMR underwent same day RT3DE. LV volume and EF measurements were made using both modalities and compared. All scans were independently analysed by a second observer to assess inter-observer variability, and 40% were re-analysed to assess intra-observer variability. RT3DE image quality was graded as good, adequate, and non-analysable. Thirteen (22%) patients had good RT3DE image quality, 29 (48%) had adequate image quality, and 18 (30%) had image quality precluding analysis. Body mass index and arrhythmia frequency were higher in patients with suboptimal image quality. RT3DE significantly underestimated end-diastolic volume (EDV) (-45 � 35 mL, P < 0.001), end-systolic volume (ESV) (-11 � 24 mL, P = 0.004), and EF (-7 � 9%, P < 0.001) compared with CMR although the degree of underestimation was substantially less when image quality was good. Eleven patients (18%) classified as having a normal EF by CMR had a reduced EF according to RT3DE, all but one of which had suboptimal image quality. Observer variability for RT3DE was higher than for CMR for all parameters, however, the difference was not significant when RT3DE image quality was good. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previously published data from highly selected patient groups, 'real-world' RT3DE substantially underestimates LV volumes and EF. The degree of underestimation is related to image quality.
- Published
- 2011
33. Flow-mediated dilatation: a review of techniques and applications
- Author
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Martin Stout
- Subjects
Coronary angiography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Disease ,Arteries ,medicine.disease ,Dilatation ,Clinical Practice ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Subclinical atherosclerosis ,Internal medicine ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Cardiology ,Arterial stiffness ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Rheology ,Blood Flow Velocity ,Artery ,Subclinical infection ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized nations worldwide. Traditional assessment of cardiovascular disease often involves invasive procedures (e.g., coronary angiography) and also provides little functional information of arterial reactivity. The emergence of the assessment of "subclinical" atherosclerosis and the role of arterial stiffness in both cardiovascular prognosis and cardiovascular risk have become more widely accepted and used in modern clinical practice and research. Flow-mediated dilatation can be used to directly assess endothelial function in healthy and diseased populations. This review aims to provide the reader with an insight into the technique and clinical applications of this recently new tool for the assessment of cardiovascular disease and risk.
- Published
- 2009
34. The Marfan syndrome: implications for athletes and their echocardiographic assessment
- Author
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Martin Stout
- Subjects
Marfan syndrome ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mitral prolapse ,Population ,Competitive athletes ,Sudden death ,Risk Assessment ,Marfan Syndrome ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,Ultrasonography ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Athletes ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Heritable disorder ,Death, Sudden, Cardiac ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Sports - Abstract
Sudden death of competitive athletes is rare. These deaths challenge the perception that trained athletes represent the healthiest segment of modern society. The increasing frequency of such reported deaths worldwide and the visibility of the issue is underlined by the high-profile nature of each case. The majority of these deaths have been due to a variety of undiagnosed cardiovascular diseases. Marfan syndrome is a heritable disorder of the connective tissue that can hold life threatening consequences, especially for the athletic population. This paper will aim to review cardiovascular pathophysiology and assessment in relation to Marfan syndrome with particular reference to echocardiography and the athletic population.
- Published
- 2009
35. Continuing Medical Education Activity in Echocardiography
- Author
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Pohoey Fan, Martin Stout, Roshan Ravindran, Christopher Miller, and Keith Pearce
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2012
36. Testosterone Therapy During Exercise Rehabilitation: A Feasibility Study In Male Chronic Heart Failure Patients
- Author
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Garry A. Tew, Kevin S Channer, Irena Zwierska, Nicola Woodroofe, John M. Saxton, Martin Stout, and Helen Doll
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Rehabilitation exercise ,business.industry ,Heart failure ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Testosterone (patch) ,medicine.disease ,business - Published
- 2011
37. dip it!
- Author
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st. martin stout, ann
- Subjects
BOOK spines ,LATEX paint - Abstract
The article offers step-by-step instructions for making a book spine with latex paint.
- Published
- 2015
38. British Society for Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society guideline for transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of adult cancer patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab
- Author
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Rebecca, Dobson, Arjun K, Ghosh, Bonnie, Ky, Tom, Marwick, Martin, Stout, Allan, Harkness, Rick, Steeds, Shaun, Robinson, David, Oxborough, David, Adlam, Susannah, Stanway, Bushra, Rana, Thomas, Ingram, Liam, Ring, Stuart, Rosen, Chris, Plummer, Charlotte, Manisty, Mark, Harbinson, Vishal, Sharma, Keith, Pearce, Alexander R, Lyon, and Daniel X, Augustine
- Subjects
RC0254 ,RC1200 ,lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,lcsh:RC666-701 ,echocardiography ,imaging ,Guidelines and Recommendations ,HER2 therapy ,guidelines ,anthracycline ,R1 - Abstract
The subspecialty of cardio-oncology aims to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer or following cancer treatment. Cancer therapy can lead to a variety of cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pericardial disease, and valvular heart disease. Echocardiography is a key diagnostic imaging tool in the diagnosis and surveillance for many of these complications. The baseline assessment and subsequent surveillance of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (HER) 2-positive targeted treatment (e.g. trastuzumab and pertuzumab) form a significant proportion of cardio-oncology patients undergoing echocardiography. This guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society outlines a protocol for baseline and surveillance echocardiography of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab. The methodology for acquisition of images and the advantages and disadvantages of techniques are discussed. Echocardiographic definitions for considering cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction are also presented.
39. BSE and BCOS Guideline for Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Adult Cancer Patients Receiving Anthracyclines and/or Trastuzumab
- Author
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Bonnie Ky, Keith Pearce, Susannah Stanway, Charlotte Manisty, Bushra Rana, Rebecca Dobson, Richard P. Steeds, Daniel Augustine, Shaun Robinson, Thomas Ingram, Thomas H. Marwick, Chris Plummer, Stuart D. Rosen, David Adlam, Allan Harkness, Alexander R. Lyon, Martin Stout, Arjun K. Ghosh, David Oxborough, Mark Harbinson, Vishal Sharma, and Liam Ring
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Heart disease ,Anthracycline ,TRV, tricuspid regurgitant velocity ,CTRCD, cancer therapy–related cardiac dysfunction ,ROI, region of interest ,anthracycline ,MV, mitral valve ,RH, right heart ,RC0254 ,RC1200 ,Trastuzumab ,BSE, British Society of Echocardiography ,CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance ,Internal medicine ,A3C, apical 3-chamber ,3D, 3-dimensional ,LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction ,medicine ,TDI, tissue Doppler imaging ,echocardiography ,HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ,guidelines ,A4C, apical 4-chamber ,LV, left ventricular ,Ejection fraction ,business.industry ,valvular heart disease ,Cancer ,imaging ,HER2 therapy ,Guideline ,medicine.disease ,R1 ,A2C, apical 2-chamber ,Oncology ,State-of-the-Art Review ,2D, 2-dimensional ,GLS, global longitudinal strain ,ECG, electrocardiogram ,Pertuzumab ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,RV, right ventricular ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The subspecialty of cardio-oncology aims to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer or following cancer treatment. Cancer therapy can lead to a variety of cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pericardial disease, and valvular heart disease. Echocardiography is a key diagnostic imaging tool in the diagnosis and surveillance for many of these complications. The baseline assessment and subsequent surveillance of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2-positive targeted treatment (e.g., trastuzumab and pertuzumab) form a significant proportion of cardio-oncology patients undergoing echocardiography. This guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society outlines a protocol for baseline and surveillance echocardiography of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab. The methodology for acquisition of images and the advantages and disadvantages of techniques are discussed. Echocardiographic definitions for considering cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction are also presented., Central Illustration, Highlights • Cardio-oncology patients account for an increasing proportion of echocardiography requests. • Accurate assessment of LV systolic function is critical to decision-making in this patient group. • 2D LVEF, 3D LVEF, GLS, and RV assessment should be used in the echocardiographic assessment of these patients. • The clinical implications of a significant decline in GLS with potentially cardiotoxic cancer therapy require further investigation.
40. Impact of methodology and the use of allometric scaling on the echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root and arch: a study by the Research and Audit Sub-Committee of the British Society of Echocardiography
- Author
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Abbas Zaidi, Liam Ring, Julie Sandoval, Nabeel Sheikh, Martin Stout, Victor Utomi, James Willis, David Oxborough, Roxy Senior, Allan Harkness, Richard P. Steeds, William E. Moody, Guy Lloyd, and Saqib Ghani
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Aortic arch ,Body surface area ,aortic root ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Research ,Sinotubular Junction ,Diastole ,Anatomy ,2D echocardiography ,RC1200 ,medicine.artery ,Ascending aorta ,medicine ,cardiovascular system ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Allometry ,Cardiac skeleton ,Systole ,business ,allometric scaling - Abstract
The aim of the study is to establish the impact of 2D echocardiographic methods on absolute values for aortic root dimensions and to describe any allometric relationship to body size. We adopted a nationwide cross-sectional prospective multicentre design using images obtained from studies utilising control groups or where specific normality was being assessed. A total of 248 participants were enrolled with no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension or abnormal findings on echocardiography. Aortic root dimensions were measured at the annulus, the sinus of Valsalva, the sinotubular junction, the proximal ascending aorta and the aortic arch using the inner edge and leading edge methods in both diastole and systole by 2D echocardiography. All dimensions were scaled allometrically to body surface area (BSA), height and pulmonary artery diameter. For all parameters with the exception of the aortic annulus, dimensions were significantly larger in systole (PPb exponent of BSA0.6 in order to achieve size independence. Similarly, ratio scaling to height in subjects under the age of 40 years also produced size independence. In conclusion, the largest aortic dimensions occur in systole while using the leading edge method. Reproducibility of measurement, however, is better when assessing aortic dimensions in diastole. There is an allometric relationship to BSA and, therefore, allometric scaling in the order of BSA0.6 provides a size-independent index that is not influenced by the age or gender.
41. A guideline update for the practice of echocardiography in the cardiac screening of sports participants: a joint policy statement from the British Society of Echocardiography and Cardiac Risk in the Young
- Author
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Rizwan Sarwar, Daniel Augustine, Sanjay Sharma, Sabiha Gati, Abbas Zaidi, Julie Sandoval, Nabeel Sheikh, Thomas Mathew, Michael Papadakis, Shaun Robinson, Keith George, Vishal Sharma, Allan Harkness, John Somauroo, David Oxborough, Liam Ring, James Willis, and Martin Stout
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Guidelines and Recommendations ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Sudden cardiac death ,RC1200 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,echocardiography ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiac risk ,Intensive care medicine ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,biology ,Athletes ,business.industry ,athletes heart ,030229 sport sciences ,Guideline ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:RC666-701 ,cardiac screening ,business - Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in an athlete is a rare but tragic event. In view of this, pre-participation cardiac screening is mandatory across many sporting disciplines to identify those athletes at risk. Echocardiography is a primary investigation utilized in the pre-participation setting and in 2013 the British Society of Echocardiography and Cardiac Risk in the Young produced a joint policy document providing guidance on the role of echocardiography in this setting. Recent developments in our understanding of the athlete’s heart and the application of echocardiography have prompted this 2018 update.
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