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1. Early Olfactory Environment Influences Antennal Sensitivity and Choice of the Host-Plant Complex in a Parasitoid Wasp

Author

Martin Luquet, Olympe Tritto, Anne-Marie Cortesero, Bruno Jaloux, and Sylvia Anton

Subjects
Aphidius ervi, Braconidae, early experience, electroantennography, host choice, olfactometry, Science
Abstract

Early experience of olfactory stimuli associated with their host−plant complex (HPC) is an important driver of parasitoid foraging choices, notably leading to host fidelity. Mechanisms involved, such as peripheral or central modulation, and the impact of a complex olfactory environment are unknown. Using olfactometer assays, we compared HPC preference of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) females originating from two different HPCs, either with the other HPC in close vicinity (complex environment) or without (simple environment). We also investigated antennal responses to volatiles differentially emitted by the two respective HPCs. In a simple environment, HPC of origin had an influence on olfactory choice, but the preferences observed were asymmetric according to parasitoid origin. Electroantennographic recordings revealed significant sensitivity differences for some of the tested individual volatiles, which are emitted differentially by the two HPCs. Besides, presence of an alternative HPC during early stages modified subsequent parasitoid preferences. We discuss how increased olfactory complexity could influence parasitoid host foraging and biological control in diversified cropping systems.

Published
2019
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2. Aphid honeydew may be the predominant sugar source for Aphidius parasitoids even in nectar-providing intercrops

Author

Anne-Marie Cortesero, Blas Lavandero, Pascale Satour, Ainara Peñalver-Cruz, Martin Luquet, Bruno Jaloux, Sylvia Anton, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de Talca, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, This work was supported by the PROGRAILIVE project supported by the European Union and the Regional council of Britany (grant RBRE160116CR0530019)., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Honeydew, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biological pest control, 01 natural sciences, Parasitoid, Extrafloral nectar, Nectar, Sugar, 2. Zero hunger, Aphid, biology, business.industry, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Pest control, Intercropping, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Agronomy, Insect Science, Biological control, Crop diversification, Nutritional ecology, Nectar provision hypothesis, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

All data presented and scripts needed to reproduce analyses can be found on the following repository: https://github.com/MartinLuquetEcology/Parasitoid-sugar-feeding-and-parasitism-in-intercrops.; International audience; The nectar provision hypothesis predicts that the introduction of nectar-producing plants in agroecosystems benefits parasitoid populations in the field and enhances biological control. Intercropping is a common crop diversification scheme that may bring complementary nectar sources for parasitoids and increase herbivore pest control. For instance, intercropping cereals with faba beans introduces nectar sources in usually sugar-devoid systems (i.e. cereal single crops). However, the nectar provision hypothesis has never been evaluated at the field scale in such intercropping systems. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated if sugar is a limiting factor for Aphidius parasitoids in single triticale crops and if their nectar feeding activity increases in faba bean-triticale intercrops. Aphidius feeding patterns were evaluated from their sugar profiles, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In parallel, aphid density and parasitism rates were estimated at the edge and in the centre of single crops and intercrops. Sugar analyses revealed that honeydew was always the main sugar source for parasitoids, and although a significant proportion of parasitoid populations were recorded to feed on nectar, this proportion did not increase in intercrops. Besides, parasitism rates did not increase in intercrops, nor were aphid populations reduced. Thus, our results do not support the nectar provision hypothesis, but rather suggest that although nectar provision benefits parasitoid populations in some systems, its effects on biological control are highly context-dependent. They also confirm that honeydew can be a major food source for parasitoids, which may not necessarily be sugar limited at the field scale.

Published
2021
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3. Early experience influences several steps of the host selection process differentially in Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)

Author

Bruno Jaloux, Anne-Marie Cortesero, Sylvia Anton, Clarice Moulin, Martin Luquet, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Région Bretagne, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Foraging, Hymenoptera, Olfactory complexity, 01 natural sciences, Parasitoid, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Aphid, biology, Host (biology), fungi, food and beverages, Host selection, biology.organism_classification, Acyrthosiphon pisum, 010602 entomology, Mother knows best hypothesis, 030104 developmental biology, Olfactometer, Evolutionary biology, Insect Science, Early experience, Braconidae, Foraging behaviour
Abstract

International audience; Experience of host-associated olfactory stimuli during development affects subsequent foraging decisions in many parasitoids, leading to host fidelity. We have recently shown that odours emitted by an alien host-plant complex (HPC) may affect this learning process. However, the consequences of this olfactory experience on parasitoid host foraging decisions is unknown. Here, we investigated if olfactory preferences induced by experience might drive parasitoid HPC choice and oviposition decisions. We presented two HPCs in dual choice experiments to Aphidius ervi females that had been reared on each HPC, either in a simple (one HPC) or complex (two HPCs) olfactory environment. HPC choice, time before landing on a HPC and number of aphid attacks were recorded. Early experience had contrasting effects on each of these parameters. Regardless of their origin, parasitoids did not land preferentially on any HPC, but they more frequently attacked one of the two hosts (Acyrthosiphon pisum) once they had landed on its HPC. Females emerging from the A. pisum/faba bean HPC attacked more aphids, regardless of the host species. Finally, the olfactory complexity of the environment had inconsistent effects on foraging decisions. These observations, contrasting with previous results obtained in olfactometer assays, indicate that olfactory preferences induced in early stages are not sufficient to predict parasitoid oviposition decisions. Moreover, the integration of multiple signals at several scales might generate different foraging patterns at each step of the host selection process.

Published
2020
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4. Towards the prediction of levels of infestation of Acyrthosyphon pisum in pea-wheat mixtures

Author

David Camilo Corrales Munoz, Marie-Hélène Robin, Bruno Jaloux, Cécile Le Lann, Anne Le Ralec, Martin Luquet, Yann Tricault, Juan Cancino Sanchez, Jean-Noël Aubertot, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Session 17. Tools to design, manage and monitor diversified systems from the field to the landscape levels; International audience

Published
2019

5. Relative importance of long-term changes in climate and land-use on the phenology and abundance of legume crop specialist and generalist aphids

Author

Martin Luquet, Jean-Christophe Simon, Christelle Buchard, Maurice Hullé, Nicolas Parisey, Bruno Jaloux, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, PROGRAILIVE project, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, legume aphids, Generalist and specialist species, 01 natural sciences, climate warming, land-use change, Abundance (ecology), Land use, land-use change and forestry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Aphid, education.field_of_study, abundance, biology, Geography, Phenology, Ecology, land‐use change, food and beverages, Fabaceae, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Original Article, France, Seasons, Crops, Agricultural, Climate Change, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, phenology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Global warming, Global change, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, Aphids, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, degree of specialization, Animal Migration, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

International audience; Insect populations are prone to respond to global changes through shifts in phenology, distribution and abundance. However, global changes cover several factors such as climate and land-use, the relative importance of these being largely unknown. Here, we aim at disentangling the effects of climate, land-use, and geographical drivers on aphid abundance and phenology in France, at a regional scale and over the last 40 years. We used aerial data obtained from suction traps between 1978 and 2015 on five aphid species varying in their degree of specialization to legumes, along with climate, legume crop area and geographical data. Effects of environmental and geographical variables on aphid annual abundance and spring migration dates were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that within the last four decades, aphids have advanced their spring migration by a month, mostly due to the increase in temperature early in the year, and their abundance decreased by half on average, presumably in response to a combination of factors. The influence of legume crop area decreased with the degree of specialization of the aphid species to such crops. The effect of geographical variation was high even when controlling for environmental variables, suggesting that many other spatially structured processes act on aphid population characteristics. Multifactorial analyses helped to partition the effects of different global change drivers. Climate and land-use changes have strong effects on aphid populations, with important implications for future agriculture. Additionally, trait-based response variation could have major consequences at the community scale.

Published
2017
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