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As the population ages, greater attention to age-related health problems related to diet and lifestyles is needed. Here, we sought to evaluate the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and food insecurity with the quality of diet of non-institutionalized elderly from a southern Chilean commune. We performed an analytical cross-sectional study in a sample of 376 older adults. Nutritional status was evaluated through anthropometric measurements. Quality of diet was determined by the healthy eating index (HEI), obtained through the frequency of consumption questionnaire. Socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle variables were also collected. Ordinal logistic and Poisson regression models were applied to study associations with quality of diet. The sample consisted of more women (81.6%) than men (18.4%). Most older adults were found to live in a situation of vulnerability or poverty (82.4%), with most having food security (65.7%). According to the HEI, only 14.1% had a good quality of diet, 83.8% had diet in need of improvement, and 2.1% had an unhealthy diet. There was an association of food insecurity and cardiovascular risk (according to waist circumference) with lower quality of diet categories. However, an association with the unhealthy quality of diet category was not confirmed with Poisson regression analysis, which was possibly due to the low number of subjects in that category (n = 8, 2.1%). Other modifiable factors like physical activity, hours of sleep, and polypharmacy were not associated with lower quality of diet categories. Socioeconomic status, which is a structural health determinant, was not associated with decreased quality of diet. Since this was a cross-sectional study performed on a small sample from a Chilean commune, directionality of associations cannot be discerned, and future longitudinal studies could aim to better characterize these associations in larger samples of elderly patients.

Domiciliary confinement of people is one of the main strategies to limit the impact of COVID-19. Lockdowns have led to changes in lifestyle, emotional health, and eating habits. We aimed to evaluate the association of differences in dietary behaviours and lifestyle with self-reported weight gain during the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. In this cross-sectional analytical study, five previously validated surveys were condensed into a single 86-item online questionnaire. The survey was sent to 1000 potential participants of the university community, it was kept online for 28 days to be answered. Of the 639 respondents, the mean self-reported weight gain during confinement was 1.99 kg (standard deviation [SE]: 0.17) and 0.7 (SE: 0.06) units of body mass index (BMI) (both p &lt, 0.001) and the median difference in body weight during lockdown was 3.3% (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.0–6.7). The differences of intake of most food groups before and during lockdown were associated with greater self-reported weight, BMI and percentage weight gain. Differences in lifestyle (odds ratio [OR] = 14.21, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.35–85.82) worsening eating habits (OR = 3.43, 95%CI: 2.31–5.09), and more consumption of sweet or filled cookies and cakes during lockdown (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.42–3.13) were associated with self-reported weight gain. In conclusion, different dietary behaviours (mainly consumption of industrialized foods) during lockdown, as well as quality of life deterioration were the main factors associated with self-reported weight gain during lockdown.

Conflicting results have been obtained through meta-analyses for the role of obesity as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), possibly due to the inclusion of predominantly multimorbid patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we aimed to study obesity alone or in combination with other comorbidities as a risk factor for short-term all-cause mortality and other adverse outcomes in Mexican patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19 in ambulatory units and hospitals in Mexico. We performed a retrospective observational analysis in a national cohort of 71 103 patients from all 32 states of Mexico from the National COVID-19 Epidemiological Surveillance Study. Two statistical models were applied through Cox regression to create survival models and logistic regression models to determine risk of death, hospitalisation, invasive mechanical ventilation, pneumonia and admission to an intensive care unit, conferred by obesity and other comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease). Models were adjusted for other risk factors. From 24 February to 26 April 2020, 71 103 patients were evaluated for suspected COVID-19; 15 529 (21.8%) had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2; 46 960 (66.1%), negative and 8614 (12.1%), pending results. Obesity alone increased adjusted mortality risk in positive patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04–2.98), but not in negative and pending-result patients. Obesity combined with other comorbidities further increased risk of death (DM: HR = 2.79, 95% CI 2.04–3.80; immunosuppression: HR = 5.06, 95% CI 2.26–11.41; hypertension: HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.77–3.01) and other adverse outcomes. In conclusion, obesity is a strong risk factor for short-term mortality and critical illness in Mexican patients with COVID-19; risk increases when obesity is present with other comorbidities.

In this cross-sectional analytical study, we evaluated the effect of changes in dietary behaviours and lifestyle on weight gain during the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. Five surveys were condensed into an 86-item online questionnaire comprising general and sociodemographic history, eating habits and lifestyle before and during confinement, emotional influence on eating behaviour, and food safety. Of 639 respondents, mean weight gain was 1.99 kg and 0.7 units of BMI. Increased dietary intake of most food groups were associated with greater weight, BMI and percentage weight gains. Lifestyle deterioration, worsening eating habits, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods were the main risk factors for weight gain. Only 2% of BMI changes were explained by interaction between lifestyle changes and emotional influence, whereas 64% of changes were due to lifestyle deterioration. In conclusion, changes in dietary behaviours and quality of life deterioration were the main risk factors for weight gain during lockdown.

Of all the Brazilian palms, Mauritia flexuosa is perhaps the most abundant and is very popular among the population for its uses in traditional medicine and for its versatility in its use as food and various handicrafts. Like many other Brazilian plants, M. flexuosa has a high economic potential that has not been adequately exploited to date, so much research is required to explore its potential as food and raw material for cosmetic, pharmacological and/or functional foods. This chapter presents the chemical compounds determined in the various parts of the palm, as well as some in vivo and in vitro studies that demonstrate health effects of these compounds.

espanolAntecedentes: el brote de la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 es un desafio importante para los sistemas de atencion medica de todo el mundo. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de las comorbilidades en la tasa de letalidad (RFC) y el desarrollo de eventos adversos en pacientes positivos para el sindrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en la poblacion mexicana. Materiales y metodos: Analizamos los datos de 13,842 pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 confirmados por laboratorio en Mexico entre el 1 de enero de 2020 y el 25 de abril de 2020. Investigamos el riesgo de muerte y el desarrollo de eventos adversos (hospitalizacion, neumonia, intubacion orotraqueal e ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos [UCI], comparando el numero de comorbilidades de cada paciente. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 46,6 ± 15,6 anos, el 42,3% (n = 5853) de los casos fueron mujeres, el 38,8% de los pacientes fueron hospitalizados, el 4,4% fueron intubados, el 29,6% desarrollo neumonia y el 4,4% presento enfermedad critica. El CFR fue del 9,4%. El riesgo de hospitalizacion (odds ratio [OR] = 3,1, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 2,7-3,7), neumonia (OR = 3,02, IC del 95%: 2,6-3,5), ingreso en la UCI (OR = 2, 95% IC: 1,5-2,7) y la RFC (razon de riesgo = 3,5, IC del 95%: 2,9-4,2) fue mayor en pacientes con tres o mas comorbilidades que en pacientes con 1, 2 o sin comorbilidades. Conclusiones: El numero de comorbilidades puede ser un factor determinante en la evolucion clinica y sus resultados en pacientes con SRAS-CoV-2 positivo. EnglishBackground: The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak is a significant challenge for health-care systems around the world. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of comorbidities on the case fatality rate (CFR) and the development of adverse events in patients positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Mexican population. Materials and methods: We analyzed the data from 13,842 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients in Mexico between January 1, 2020, and April 25, 2020. We investigated the risk of death and the development of adverse events (hospitalization, pneumonia, orotracheal intubation, and intensive care unit [ICU] admission), comparing the number of comorbidities of each patient. Results: The patient mean age was 46.6 ± 15.6 years, 42.3% (n = 5853) of the cases were women, 38.8% of patients were hospitalized, 4.4% were intubated, 29.6% developed pneumonia, and 4.4% had critical illness. The CFR was 9.4%. The risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7-3.7), pneumonia (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.6-3.5), ICU admission (OR = 2, 95% CI: 1.5-2.7), and CFR (hazard ratio = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.9-4.2) was higher in patients with three or more comorbidities than in patients with 1, 2, or with no comorbidities. Conclusions: The number of comorbidities may be a determining factor in the clinical course and its outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients.

Many studies suggest that probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic foods may be beneficial in the prevention and management of nutrition and health, the objective of this work was to develop a symbiotic drink based on coconut water. Fermentation was performed using lyophilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 and inulin as a source of soluble fiber. Different formulations were developed, determining the concentrations of fiber and probiotics. The growth of the probiotic in MRS broth was evaluated, using the plate counting technique in different periods of time. The fermentation time of the drink was 8 h and the shelf life in refrigeration was 14 days evaluated by pH and hedonic scale. The pH of the final drink was 3.48 and the probiotic content was 82 × 10 8 CFU/ml. It is concluded that coconut water can be processed by adding probiotic and prebiotic characteristics with sensory acceptance and adequate preservation characteristics., Food science, Food technology, Symbiotic drink, Functional food, L. rhamnosus, Coconut water

The need to accurately calculate the resting energy expenditure (REE) of a patient whose health is compromised and may be further impaired by a deficiency or overfeeding is essential; but in elderly, even if they have an adequate health state, is a risk group where the need to calculate REE as close as possible is an imperative one. Keeping in mind that this type of imbalance effects on elderly has serious consequences; the aim of this study was to develop an equation according to an elderly people group by multivariate linear regression and compare with REE predicted by the most used equations and by indirect calorimetry (IC). Relationship between REE and body weight was analyzed by multivariate linear regression and derived equations were compared to predicted values using: Harris-Benedict, FAO/WHO 1985, FAO/WHO 2004, Valencia 2008, Lührmann 2002, Schofield 1985 (W) and Schofield 1985 (WH) equations. All the equations used for comparison overestimated energy expenditure between 12 and 15% with respect to REE obtained by IC. Harris-Benedict and Lührmann equations had the highest correlation (r = 0.78) with REE measured, and FAO/WHO 2004 equation with the lowest correlation (r = 0.75). We developed five equations for estimating REE for elderly, healthy Chilean population that are easily applicable in daily practice, which includes the variables sex, age, BMI, fat mass and fat free mass with higher correlation (r = 0.806–0.856). Keywords: Prediction equations, Resting energy expenditure, Elderly, indirect calorimetry

The substantial increase in the number of elderly people in our societies represents a challenge for biology and medicine. The societies of the industrialized countries are subject to a progressive aging process that translates into an increase in the cardiovascular risk of the population. In the present work, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was evaluated, as well as markers of oxidative stress (concentration of nitric oxide and total lipoperoxidation in its main components: malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkene) in cardiomyocytes during the aging process in rats treated with resveratrol. Rats were divided into 4 groups according to the following categories: control (without treatment), negative control group (administered with physiological solution with 10% ethanol), positive control group (administered with vitamin E, 2 mg/kg/day), and group administered with resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day); these groups in turn were divided into 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of treatment. The analysis of nitric oxide showed a decreased level in the cardiac tissue in the groups treated with resveratrol; the same occurs when total lipoperoxidation is analyzed. The enzymatic activity studied (catalase and superoxide dismutase) did not present significant changes with respect to the controls. It is concluded that the cardioprotective effect of resveratrol is due to the antioxidant effect and other antiaging effects and not to the activation of the enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase.

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana share an area of 7,295,710 km2 of the Amazon region. It is estimated that the Amazonian forest offers the greatest flora and fauna biodiversity on the planet and on its surface could cohabit 50% of the total existing living species; according to some botanists, it would contain about 16-20% of the species that exist today. This region has native fruit trees in which functional properties are reported as antioxidant and antiproliferative characteristics. Amazon plants offer a great therapeutic potential attributed to the content of bioactive phytochemicals. The aim of this mini review is to examine the state of the art of the main bioactive components of the most studied Amazonian plants. Among the main functional compounds reported were phenolic compounds, unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and tocopherols, with flavonoids and carotenoids being the groups of greatest interest. The main beneficial effect reported has been the antioxidant effect, evaluated in most of the fruits investigated; other reported functional properties were antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, analgesic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, bronchodilator, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory, including hypercholesterolemic effects, leishmanicidal activity, induction of apoptosis, protective action against diabetes, gastroprotective activity, and antidepressant effects.

Todos los días invariablemente un alimento de consumo popular en la mesa semanal y a cualquier hora del día es el pan, actualmente para sectores de la población la modificación en sabores, texturas y composición poseen auge en el comercio. La sustitución de la harina de trigo por diferentes cereales, leguminosas o ingredientes funcionales abarcan espacio en panadería tradicional como en las panaderías del centro comercial. El polen de abeja es un alimento saludable ya que posee 30-35 % de proteína en forma de aminoácidos esenciales por arriba del patrón. Sus capas de ectina y exina permiten al polen no ser tan digerible al ser humano, por lo que un producto horneado favorecería su aprovechamiento. En esta investigación se va a establecer la formulación adecuada para integrar la harina de polen a un pan blanco de masa salada hasta donde sensorialmente no se detecte la adición, así como estandarizar la metodología de panificación. Tomando en cuenta parámetros como: Cantidad de harina de trigo-polen y azúcar, tiempo de fermentación, tiempo de horneo y temperatura de horneo. El producto obtenido es valorado sensorialmente para determinar la concentración de harina y cuál es el porcentaje de adición mejor evaluado sensorialmente, el rango de adición aceptado es de 5 a 10 % de sustitución de harina de trigo. Sensorialmente no existe diferencia en atributos como color, olor, sabor, consistencia y textura en este rango, siendo ligeramente mejor el sabor a 10% de Harina de polen. No obstante el pan blanco obtenido se puede comercializar hasta 10% de adición, siendo alternativa de los apicultores para obtener ganancias extras no solo de la venta de miel. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-07T18:10:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5920324911PB.pdf: 620577 bytes, checksum: 911d1093de13e22fd069dfe67e2f22ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of pH and Mexican oregano essential oil (MOEO) added to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and starch (S) edible films on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. CMC and S edible films were formulated with different concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1%) of MOEO at different pH (5, 6, or 7). Antimicrobial assay was performed. Inhibition curves were fitted to the Fermi model. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in tc (time to reduce 50% of microbial population) and a (slope of the curve around tc), being lower at acidic pH. For L. monocytogenes, CMC films exhibited a higher antimicrobial effectiveness (0.50% of MOEO) compared to S films which need a higher concentration of MOEO (0.75%). S. aureus was inhibited with CMC films at 0.50% MOEO and pH 5 and 6. Microbial modeling has allowed estimating key intrinsic factors as pH and MOEO concentration with the synergistic effect against two important food-borne pathogens.