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128 results on '"Martin, Russell L."'

1. Melded Integrated Population Models

Author

Van Ee, Justin J., Hagen, Christian A., Pavlacky, Jr., David C., Haukos, David A., Lawrence, Andrew J., Tanner, Ashley M., Grisham, Blake A., Fricke, Kent A., Rossi, Liza G., Beauprez, Grant M., Kuklinski, Kurt E., Martin, Russell L., Koslovsky, Matthew D., Rintz, Troy B., and Hooten, Mevin B.

Published
2024
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6. A Dual-Process Account of Auditory Change Detection

Author

McAnally, Ken I., Martin, Russell L., and Eramudugolla, Ranmalee

Abstract

Listeners can be "deaf" to a substantial change in a scene comprising multiple auditory objects unless their attention has been directed to the changed object. It is unclear whether auditory change detection relies on identification of the objects in pre- and post-change scenes. We compared the rates at which listeners correctly identify changed objects with those predicted by change-detection models based on signal detection theory (SDT) and high-threshold theory (HTT). Detected changes were not identified as accurately as predicted by models based on either theory, suggesting that some changes are detected by a process that does not support change identification. Undetected changes were identified as accurately as predicted by the HTT model but much less accurately than predicted by the SDT models. The process underlying change detection was investigated further by determining receiver-operating characteristics (ROCs). ROCs did not conform to those predicted by either a SDT or a HTT model but were well modeled by a dual-process that incorporated HTT and SDT components. The dual-process model also accurately predicted the rates at which detected and undetected changes were correctly identified. (Contains 4 figures and 3 tables.)

Published
2010
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8. The auditory spatial acuity of the domestic cat

Author

Martin., Russell L.

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Uncategorized
Abstract

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Published
2021
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16. Aurally and visually guided visual search in a virtual environment

Author

Flanagan, Patrick, McAnally, Ken I., Martin, Russell L., Meehan, James W., and Oldfield, Simon R.

Subjects
Virtual reality technology, Virtual reality -- Research, Visual perception -- Research
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Highly visual tasks such as flying and driving rely on the accurate and rapid detection and localization of objects so that appropriate action (e.g., avoidance) can be taken. Because […], We investigated the time participants took to perform a visual search task for targets outside the visual field of view using a helmet-mounted display. We also measured the effectiveness of visual and auditory cues to target location. The auditory stimuli used to cue location were noise bursts previously recorded from the ear canals of the participants and were either presented briefly at the beginning of a trial or continually updated to compensate for head movements. The visual cue was a dynamic arrow that indicated the direction and angular distance from the instantaneous head position to the target. Both visual and auditory spatial cues reduced search time dramatically, compared with unaided search. The updating audio cue was more effective than the transient audio cue and was as effective as the visual cue in reducing search time. These data show that both spatial auditory and visual cues can markedly improve visual search performance. Potential applications for this research include highly visual environments, such as aviation, where there is risk of overloading the visual modality with information.

Published
1998

21. Sampling errors for satellite-derived tropical rainfall - Monte Carlo study using a space-time stochastic model

Author

Bell, Thomas L, Abdullah, A, Martin, Russell L, and North, Gerald R

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Estimates of monthly average rainfall based on satellite observations from a low earth orbit will differ from the true monthly average because the satellite observes a given area only intermittently. This sampling error inherent in satellite monitoring of rainfall would occur even if the satellite instruments could measure rainfall perfectly. The size of this error is estimated for a satellite system being studied at NASA, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). First, the statistical description of rainfall on scales from 1 to 1000 km is examined in detail, based on rainfall data from the Global Atmospheric Research Project Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). A TRMM-like satellite is flown over a two-dimensional time-evolving simulation of rainfall using a stochastic model with statistics tuned to agree with GATE statistics. The distribution of sampling errors found from many months of simulated observations is found to be nearly normal, even though the distribution of area-averaged rainfall is far from normal. For a range of orbits likely to be employed in TRMM, sampling error is found to be less than 10 percent of the mean for rainfall averaged over a 500 x 500 sq km area.

Published
1990

29. Construction of 3-D Audio Systems: Background, Research, and General Requirements

Author

DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) AIR OPERATIONS DIV, Parker, Simon P., Eberle, Geoffery, Martin, Russell L., McAnally, Ken I., DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) AIR OPERATIONS DIV, Parker, Simon P., Eberle, Geoffery, Martin, Russell L., and McAnally, Ken I.

Abstract

Over the last few years one of the most promising advances for Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) has been the development of 3-Dimensional Audio (3-D Audio). The Air Operations Division of DSTO has been engaged in an extensive research program developing 3-D audio for the military aviation environment. This document is intended to provide some general background and to list some of the broader requirements that need to be considered when designing any 3-D audio system. Included in this report is some background information describing the perceptual basis of 3-D audio, a brief review of some of the research associated with the development of 3-D audio, a discussion of the hardware and software requirements for the implementation of 3-D audio, a brief survey of current commercial 3-D audio systems, and some discussion of the issues that require further consideration., The original document contains color images.

Published
2008

34. Reconstruction of the constituent distribution and trends in the Antarctic polar vortex from ER-2 flight observations

Author

Schoeberl, Mark R, Lait, Leslie R, Newman, Paul A, Martin, Russell L, Proffitt, Michael H, Hartmann, Dennis L, Loewenstein, Max, Podolske, James, Strahan, Susan E, and Gary, Bruce

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The measurements of ozone, ClO, and N2O concentrations in the south polar region taken aboard the ER-2 aircraft during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment are analyzed using conservative coordinate transformations to potential temperature-N2O and potential temperature-potential vorticity space. The latter transformation is equivalent to interpreting trace species observations within the modified Lagrangian mean (MLM) coordinate system. The results show that the MLM transformed ozone concentration decreases at about 0.06 ppmv per day between 20- and 16-km altitude inside the polar vortex during the mid-August to mid-September period. These ozone changes are collocated with the region of high ClO concentration. Outside the chemically perturbed region, at the highest aircraft altitudes, ozone concentration systematically increases, suggesting a diabatic cooling of the order 0.3-0.6 K/day.

Published
1989

35. Zonal wave number variance spectra of stratospheric microwave brightness temperatures

Author

Martin, Russell L and Stanford, John L

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Well-known theoretical predictions suggest that variances of large-scale atmospheric fluctuations, for scales somewhat shorter than those of the forcing mechanisms, should obey a power law, k exp -b, where k is the horizontal wave number. The invariance of the exponent b with season, hemisphere, and latitude is tested using satellite-measured brightness temperatures. Global grids of Tiros-N Microwave Sounding Unit channel 4 measurements, which closely approximate the 30- to 150-mbar layer mean temperature, are constructed for January, March, and August 1979. These grids are zonally Fourier-transformed, and the resulting spectra are averaged over four 18 deg-wide latitude bands. Fits of a power law to these spectra over wave numbers 10-36 and 10-26 give values of b which are independent of season, hemisphere, and latitude band, to within statistical uncertainties. The observed values of b are about 3.6, as compared to theoretical predictions of 3.

Published
1986

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