Search

Your search keyword '"Martin, Christopher A"' showing total 7,513 results
Start Over Author "Martin, Christopher A"
7,513 results on '"Martin, Christopher A"'

1. Phenotypic covariation predicts diversification in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes.

Author

Dunker, Julia, St John, Michelle, and Martin, Christopher

Subjects
P matrix, adaptive radiation, craniofacial traits, flexibility, phenotypic variation and covariation
Abstract

Phenotypic covariation among suites of traits may constrain or promote diversification both within and between species, yet few studies have empirically tested this relationship. In this study, we investigate whether phenotypic covariation of craniofacial traits is associated with diversification in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes found only on San Salvador Island, Bahamas (SSI). The radiation includes generalist, durophagous, and lepidophagous species. We compared phenotypic variation and covariation (i.e., the P matrix) between (1) allopatric populations of generalist pupfish from neighboring islands and estuaries in the Caribbean, (2) SSI pupfish allopatric lake populations with only generalist pupfish, and (3) SSI lake populations containing the full radiation in sympatry. Additionally, we examine patterns observed in the P matrices of two independent lab-reared F2 hybrid crosses of the two most morphologically distinct members of the radiation to make inferences about the underlying mechanisms contributing to the variation in craniofacial traits in SSI pupfishes. We found that the P matrix of SSI allopatric generalist populations exhibited higher levels of mean trait correlation, constraints, and integration with simultaneously lower levels of flexibility compared to allopatric generalist populations on other Caribbean islands and sympatric populations of all three species on SSI. We also document that while many craniofacial traits appear to result from additive genetic effects, variation in key traits such as head depth, maxilla length, and lower jaw length may be produced via non-additive genetic mechanisms. Ultimately, this study suggests that differences in phenotypic covariation significantly contribute to producing and maintaining organismal diversity.

Published
2024

2. Innovations and advances in instrumentation at the W. M. Keck Observatory, vol. III

Author

Kassis, Marc F, Alvarez, Carlos, Baker, Ashley D, Bailey, John I, Banyal, Ravinder K, Bertz, Rob, Beichman, Charles A, Bouchez, Antonin H, Brown, Aaron M, Brown, Matthew K, Bundy, Kevin A, Campbell, Randall D, Chun, Mark R, Cooke, Jeffrey, Deich, William T, Dekany, Richard G, Doppmann, Greg, Fassnacht, Christopher, Ferrara, Jocelyn, Fitzgerald, Michael P, Fremling, Christoffer, Fucik, Jason R, Gibson, Steven R, Gillingham, Peter R, Glazebrook, Karl, Greffe, Timothee, Halverson, Samuel P, Hill, Grant M, Hillenbrand, Lynne, Hinz, Philip M, Holden, Bradford P, Howard, Andrew W, Huber, Daniel, Jones, Tucker A, Jordan, Carolyn, Jovanovic, Nemanja J, Kain, Isabel J, Kasliwal, Mansi M, Kirby, Evan, Konopacky, Quinn M, Krishnan, Shanti, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R, Kupke, Renate, Lanclos, Kyle, Larkin, James E, Lilley, Scott J, Lingvay, Larry, Lu, Jessica R, Lyke, James E, MacDonald, Nicholas, Martin, Christopher, Mather, John C, Matuszewski, Mateusz, Mawet, Dimitri P, McGurk, Rosalie C, Marin, Eduardo, Meeks, Robert L, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A, Nash, Reston B, Neill, James D, O'Meara, John M, Pahuja, Rishi, Peretz, Eliad, Prusinski, Nikolaus, Radovan, Matthew V, Rider, Kodi A, Roberts, Mitsuko K, Rockosi, Constance M, Rubenzahl, Ryan, Sallum, Stephanie E, Sandford, Dale, Savage, Maureen L, Skemer, Andrew J, Smith, Roger, Steidel, Charles, Steiner, Jonathan, Stelter, Richard D, Walawender, Josh, Westfall, Kyle B, Wizinowich, Peter L, Wright, Shelley A, Wold, Truman, and Zimmer, Jake

Published
2024

3. Parallel evolution of integrated craniofacial traits in trophic specialist pupfishes.

Author

St John, Michelle, Dunker, Julia, Richards, Emilie, Romero, Stephanie, and Martin, Christopher

Subjects
convergence, durophagy, ecological speciation, ecomorph, functional morphology, lepidophagy, parallel evolution, quantitative trait loci
Abstract

Populations may adapt to similar environments via parallel or non-parallel genetic changes, but the frequency of these alternative mechanisms and underlying contributing factors are still poorly understood outside model systems. We used QTL mapping to investigate the genetic basis of highly divergent craniofacial traits between the scale-eater (Cyprinodon desquamator) and molluscivore (C. brontotheroides) pupfish adapting to two different hypersaline lake environments on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We lab-reared F2 scale-eater x molluscivore intercrosses from two different lake populations, estimated linkage maps, scanned for significant QTL for 29 skeletal and craniofacial traits, female mate preference, and sex. We compared the location of QTL between lakes to quantify parallel and non-parallel genetic changes. We detected significant QTL for six craniofacial traits in at least one lake. However, nearly all shared QTL loci were associated with a different craniofacial trait within each lake. Therefore, our estimate of parallel evolution of craniofacial genetic architecture could range from one out of six identical trait QTL (low parallelism) to five out of six integrated trait QTL (high parallelism). We suggest that pleiotropy and trait integration can affect estimates of parallel evolution, particularly within rapid radiations. We also observed increased adaptive introgression in shared QTL regions, suggesting that gene flow contributed to parallel evolution. Overall, our results suggest that the same genomic regions may contribute to parallel adaptation across integrated suites of craniofacial traits, rather than specific traits, and highlight the need for a more expansive definition of parallel evolution.

Published
2024

4. SN 2023zaw: an ultra-stripped, nickel-poor supernova from a low-mass progenitor

Author

Das, Kaustav K., Fremling, Christoffer, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Schulze, Steve, Sollerman, Jesper, Karambelkar, Viraj, Rose, Sam, Anand, Shreya, Andreoni, Igor, Aubert, Marie, Brennan, Sean J., Cenko, S. Bradley, Coughlin, Michael W., O'Connor, B., De, Kishalay, Fuller, Jim, Graham, Matthew, Hammerstein, Erica, Haynie, Annastasia, Hinds, K-Ryan, Kleiser, Io, Kulkarni, S. R., Lin, Zeren, Liu, Chang, Mahabal, Ashish A., Martin, Christopher, Miller, Adam A., Neill, James D., Perley, Daniel A., Pessi, Priscila J., Prusinski, Nikolaus Z., Purdum, Josiah, Ravi, Vikram, Rusholme, Ben, Wu, Samantha, Wold, Avery, and Yan, Lin

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present SN 2023zaw $-$ a sub-luminous ($\mathrm{M_r} = -16.7$ mag) and rapidly-evolving supernova ($\mathrm{t_{1/2,r}} = 4.9$ days), with the lowest nickel mass ($\approx0.002$ $\mathrm{M_\odot}$) measured among all stripped-envelope supernovae discovered to date. The photospheric spectra are dominated by broad He I and Ca NIR emission lines with velocities of $\sim10\ 000 - 12\ 000$ $\mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$. The late-time spectra show prominent narrow He I emission lines at $\sim$1000$\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$, indicative of interaction with He-rich circumstellar material. SN 2023zaw is located in the spiral arm of a star-forming galaxy. We perform radiation-hydrodynamical and analytical modeling of the lightcurve by fitting with a combination of shock-cooling emission and nickel decay. The progenitor has a best-fit envelope mass of $\approx0.2$ $\mathrm{M_\odot}$ and an envelope radius of $\approx50$ $\mathrm{R_\odot}$. The extremely low nickel mass and low ejecta mass ($\approx0.5$ $\mathrm{M_\odot}$) suggest an ultra-stripped SN, which originates from a mass-losing low mass He-star (ZAMS mass $<$ 10 $\mathrm{M_\odot}$) in a close binary system. This is a channel to form double neutron star systems, whose merger is detectable with LIGO. SN 2023zaw underscores the existence of a previously undiscovered population of extremely low nickel mass ($< 0.005$ $\mathrm{M_\odot}$) stripped-envelope supernovae, which can be explored with deep and high-cadence transient surveys., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Whole-genome sequencing of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia

Author

Made Ananda Krisna, Lindawati Alimsardjono, Korrie Salsabila, Naritha Vermasari, Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat, Kuntaman Kuntaman, Odile Barbara Harrison, Martin Christopher James Maiden, and Dodi Safari

Subjects
Haemophilus influenzae, Invasive disease, Whole-genome sequencing, Population genetics, Indonesia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae causes life-threatening invasive diseases such as septicaemia and meningitis. Reports on circulating H. influenzae causing invasive disease in lower-middle income settings, including Indonesia, are lacking. This study describes the serotype distributions and whole-genome sequence (WGS) data of H. influenzae isolated from hospitalized patients at Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods H. influenzae isolates were isolated from blood and pleural fluid specimens and identified using culture-based and molecular methods, followed by serotyping and WGS using RT‒PCR and Illumina MiSeq, respectively. Sequencing reads were assembled, and further analyses were undertaken to determine the genomic content and reconstruct the phylogeny. A second dataset consisting of publicly available H. influenzae genomes was curated to conduct phylogenetic analyses of isolates in this study in the context of globally circulating isolates. Results Ten H. influenzae isolates from hospitalized patients were collected, and septicaemia was the most common diagnosis (n=8). RT‒PCR and WGS were performed to determine whether all the isolates were nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). There were four newly identified STs distributed across the two main clusters. A total of 91 out of 126 virulence factor (VF)-related genes in Haemophilus sp. were detected in at least one isolate. Further evaluation incorporating a global collection of H. influenzae genomes confirmed the diverse population structure of NTHi in this study. Conclusion This study showed that all H. influenzae recovered from invasive disease patients were nonvaccine-preventable NTHi isolates. The inclusion of WGS revealed four novel STs and the possession of key VF-associated genes.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Circumgalactic Ly$\alpha$ Nebulae in Overdense Quasar Pair Regions Observed with the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager

Author

Li, Jessica S., Vargas, Carlos J., O'Sullivan, Donal, Hamden, Erika, Cai, Zheng, Matuszewski, Mateusz, Martin, Christopher, Keppler, Miriam, Chung, Haeun, Melso, Nicole, and Zhang, Shiwu

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The recent discovery of enormous Ly$\alpha$ nebulae (ELANe), characterized by physical extents $>200$ kpc and Ly$\alpha$ luminosities $>10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, provide a unique opportunity to study the intergalactic and circumgalactic medium (IGM/CGM) in distant galaxies. Many existing ELANe detections are associated with local overdensities of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We have initiated a search for ELANe around regions containing pairs of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager (PCWI). The first study of this search, Cai et al., presented results of ELAN0101+0201 which was associated with a QSO pair at $z=2.45$. In this study, all targets residing in QSO pair environments analyzed have Ly$\alpha$ detections, but only one of the four targets meets the classification criteria of an ELANe associated with a QSO pair region (z$\sim2.87$). The other three sample detections of Ly$\alpha$ nebulae do not meet the size and luminosity criteria to be classified as ELANe. We find kinematic evidence that the ELANe J1613, is possibly powered {mostly by AGN outflows.} The analysis of circularly-averaged surface brightness profiles of emission from the Ly$\alpha$ regions show that the {Ly$\alpha$ emission around $z\sim2$ QSO pairs is consistent with emission around individual QSOs at $z\sim2$, which is fainter than that around $z\sim3$ QSOs. A larger sample of Ly$\alpha$ at z$\sim$2 will be needed to determine if there is evidence of redshift evolution when compared to nebular emissions at z$\sim$3 from other studies.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Specimen collection is essential for modern science.

Author

Nachman, Michael, Beckman, Elizabeth, Bowie, Rauri, Cicero, Carla, Conroy, Chris, Hayes, Tyrone, Koo, Michelle, Lacey, Eileen, Martin, Christopher, McGuire, Jimmy, Patton, James, Spencer, Carol, Wake, Marvalee, Wang, Ian, Achmadi, Anang, Álvarez-Castañeda, Sergio, Andersen, Michael, Arroyave, Jairo, Austin, Christopher, Barker, F, Barrow, Lisa, Barrowclough, George, Bates, John, Bauer, Aaron, Bell, Kayce, Bell, Rayna, Bronson, Allison, Brown, Rafe, Burbrink, Frank, Burns, Kevin, Cadena, Carlos, Cannatella, David, Castoe, Todd, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Colella, Jocelyn, Cook, Joseph, Cracraft, Joel, Davis, Drew, Davis Rabosky, Alison, DElía, Guillermo, Dumbacher, John, Dunnum, Jonathan, Edwards, Scott, Esselstyn, Jacob, Faivovich, Julián, Fjeldså, Jon, Flores-Villela, Oscar, Ford, Kassandra, Fuchs, Jérôme, Fujita, Matthew, Good, Jeffrey, Greenbaum, Eli, Greene, Harry, Hackett, Shannon, Hamidy, Amir, Hanken, James, Haryoko, Tri, Hawkins, Melissa, Heaney, Lawrence, Hillis, David, Hollingsworth, Bradford, Hornsby, Angela, Hosner, Peter, Irham, Mohammad, Jansa, Sharon, Jiménez, Rosa, Joseph, Leo, Kirchman, Jeremy, LaDuc, Travis, Leaché, Adam, Lessa, Enrique, López-Fernández, Hernán, Mason, Nicholas, McCormack, John, McMahan, Caleb, Moyle, Robert, Ojeda, Ricardo, Olson, Link, Kin Onn, Chan, Parenti, Lynne, Parra-Olea, Gabriela, Patterson, Bruce, Pauly, Gregory, Pavan, Silvia, Peterson, A, Poe, Steven, Rabosky, Daniel, Raxworthy, Christopher, Reddy, Sushma, Rico-Guevara, Alejandro, Riyanto, Awal, Rocha, Luiz, Ron, Santiago, Rovito, Sean, Rowe, Kevin, Rowley, Jodi, Ruane, Sara, Salazar-Valenzuela, David, Shultz, Allison, and Sidlauskas, Brian

Subjects
Animals, Museums, Specimen Handling, Natural History
Abstract

Natural history museums are vital repositories of specimens, samples and data that inform about the natural world; this Formal Comment revisits a Perspective that advocated for the adoption of compassionate collection practices, querying whether it will ever be possible to completely do away with whole animal specimen collection.

Published
2023

9. Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

Author

Palominos, M Fernanda, Muhl, Vanessa, Richards, Emilie J, Miller, Craig T, and Martin, Christopher H

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Biotechnology, Animals, Killifishes, Receptor, Galanin, Type 2, Bahamas, Phenotype, adaptive radiation, craniofacial divergence, evo-devo, galanin, gene expression, trophic morphology, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Understanding the genetic basis of novel adaptations in new species is a fundamental question in biology. Here we demonstrate a new role for galr2 in vertebrate craniofacial development using an adaptive radiation of trophic specialist pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We confirmed the loss of a putative Sry transcription factor binding site upstream of galr2 in scale-eating pupfish and found significant spatial differences in galr2 expression among pupfish species in Meckel's cartilage using in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR). We then experimentally demonstrated a novel role for Galr2 in craniofacial development by exposing embryos to Garl2-inhibiting drugs. Galr2-inhibition reduced Meckel's cartilage length and increased chondrocyte density in both trophic specialists but not in the generalist genetic background. We propose a mechanism for jaw elongation in scale-eaters based on the reduced expression of galr2 due to the loss of a putative Sry binding site. Fewer Galr2 receptors in the scale-eater Meckel's cartilage may result in their enlarged jaw lengths as adults by limiting opportunities for a circulating Galr2 agonist to bind to these receptors during development. Our findings illustrate the growing utility of linking candidate adaptive SNPs in non-model systems with highly divergent phenotypes to novel vertebrate gene functions.

Published
2023

20. Higher Education and Dilemmas of Deinstitutionalization

Author

Martin, Christopher and Pulvermacher, Andrew

Abstract

The pandemic has made the mass remote delivery of higher education more plausible as a general direction for growth in the long-term. Choosing between this general direction and the status quo introduces various ethical dilemmas having to do with the basic aims and values of higher education. A move to remote learning as the institutional norm may set back some of these aims and values while advancing others. However, we also argue that complicating the assessment of these dilemmas is epistemic uncertainty about the traditional (i.e., late-twentieth-century) institutional context and what makes that context educationally worthwhile. Addressing these dilemmas requires a better understanding of what an educational institution is as well as those respects in which it adds value to society's educational projects.

Published
2022

26. String Quartet no. II

Author

Watt, Martin Christopher

Subjects
chamber music, string quartet, South African art music
Abstract

My String Quartet no. II was written in 2012 in Cape Town, South Africa. The work has been performed several times to very positive critical acclaim. The work enjoys its poularity by being accessible to wider audiences, although it is purely neo-tonal Western art music.

Published
2023

27. Everyday assemblages, affect and agency : children's intra-actions with smartphones in outdoor play

Author

Martin, Christopher P.

Subjects
ethnographic methodology, childhood studies, playwork, play theory, smartphones in outdoor play, thesis
Abstract

This thesis uniquely explores how children (10-13), and smartphones engage in mutually constituted outdoor play and critically examines how combinations of environments and technologies assemble to provide playful moments in everyday lives. It demonstrates how modern, networked childhoods are still full of play and makes the case that this new normal is no less important than any other childhoods in any other space and time. An ethnographic methodology is used, with observations from an adventure playground supplemented with focus groups and a reflective log. The research contributes to debates in children's geographies, childhood studies, playwork and play theory, around notions of mediation, the ludic, everyday politics, and embodiment.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Still at Odds with Conventional Galaxy Evolution: The Star Formation History of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44

Author

Webb, Kristi A., Villaume, Alexa, Laine, Seppo, Romanowsky, Aaron J., Balogh, Michael, van Dokkum, Pieter, Forbes, Duncan A., Brodie, Jean, Martin, Christopher, and Matuszewski, Matt

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We study the star formation history (SFH) of the ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) Dragonfly 44 (DF44) based on the simultaneous fit to near-ultraviolet to near-infrared photometry and high signal-to-noise optical spectroscopy. In fitting the observations we adopt an advanced physical model with a flexible SFH, and we discuss the results in the context of the degeneracies between stellar population parameters. Through reconstructing the mass-assembly history with a prior for extended star formation (akin to methods in the literature) we find that DF44 formed 90 per cent of its stellar mass by $z\sim 0.9$ ($\sim 7.2$ Gyr ago). In comparison, using a prior that prefers concentrated star formation (as informed by previous studies of DF44's stellar populations) suggests that DF44 formed as early as $z\sim 8$ ($\sim 12.9$ Gyr ago). Regardless of whether DF44 is old or very old, the SFHs imply early star formation and rapid quenching. This result, together with DF44's large size and evidence that it is on its first infall into the Coma cluster, challenges UDG formation scenarios from simulations that treat all UDGs as contiguous with the canonical dwarf population. While our results cannot confirm any particular formation scenario, we can conclude from this that DF44 experienced a rare quenching event., Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Educational Institutions and Indoctrination

Author

Martin, Christopher

Abstract

The concept of indoctrination is typically used to characterize the actions of individual educators. However, it has become increasingly common for citizens to raise concerns about the indoctrinatory effects of institutions such as schools and universities. Are such worries fundamentally misconceived, or might some state of affairs obtain under which it can be rightly said that an educational institution is engaged in indoctrination? In this paper Christopher Martin outlines what the concept of "institutional indoctrination" could mean. He then uses Jürgen Habermas's discourse theory in order to develop a specific conception of institutional indoctrination: an educational institution indoctrinates when it exercises its authority in order to support the deliberative norm that some belief P ought to be exempt from tests of or challenges to its truth or rightness just because it is belief P. Martin argues that this norm undermines conditions of symmetrical and inclusive public discourse essential to the development of knowledge and understanding among free and equal citizens. That is, institutional indoctrination involves a closing of the "public" mind.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Reflecting on the Journey towards Identity and Belonging during Professional Doctoral Study

Author

Martin, Christopher

Abstract

The Professional Doctorate in Education (EdD) is a doctoral level professional qualification for practising teachers that affords the opportunity to research an area of practice of particular interest. Many EdD students encounter mixed feelings, emotions and new identities as many could be leaders within their employment and seen as 'experts' in their role, however, they may find themselves on the periphery of a new community of which they are yet to feel a part. This reflective paper explores the role of 'identity' and 'belonging' in Professional Doctoral students with particular emphasis placed on situated learning theory (Lave & Wenger, 1991) and the notion of communities of practice. I discuss the idea of 'identity congruence' and how I experienced this in terms of my identity as a leader of learning and as a fledgling doctoral researcher. The paper concludes that communities of practice promote a sense of community and belonging that have clearly supported me through the doctoral journey.

Published
2021

33. Severe inbreeding, increased mutation load and gene loss-of-function in the critically endangered Devils Hole pupfish

Author

Tian, David, Patton, Austin H, Turner, Bruce J, and Martin, Christopher H

Subjects
Genetics, Life on Land, Male, Humans, Animals, Inbreeding, Sperm Motility, Killifishes, Endangered Species, Mutation, Genetic Variation, inbreeding, runs of homozygosity, mutation load, Devils Hole pupfish, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Small populations with limited range are often threatened by inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity, which can reduce fitness and exacerbate population decline. One of the most extreme natural examples is the Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis), an iconic and critically endangered species with the smallest known range of any vertebrate. This species has experienced severe declines in population size over the last 30 years and suffered major bottlenecks in 2007 and 2013, when the population shrunk to 38 and 35 individuals, respectively. Here, we analysed 30 resequenced genomes of desert pupfishes from Death Valley, Ash Meadows and surrounding areas to examine the genomic consequences of small population size. We found extremely high levels of inbreeding (FROH = 0.34-0.81) and an increased amount of potentially deleterious genetic variation in the Devils Hole pupfish as compared to other species, including unique, fixed loss-of-function alleles and deletions in genes associated with sperm motility and hypoxia. Additionally, we successfully resequenced a formalin-fixed museum specimen from 1980 and found that the population was already highly inbred prior to recent known bottlenecks. We thus document severe inbreeding and increased mutation load in the Devils Hole pupfish and identify candidate deleterious variants to inform management of this conservation icon.

Published
2022

34. Trophic Specialization on unique resources despite limited niche divergence in a celebrated example of sympatric speciation

Author

Galvez, Jacquelyn R, St. John, Michelle E, McLean, Keara, Touokong, Cyrille Dening, Gonwouo, Legrand Nono, and Martin, Christopher H

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Nutrition, adaptive radiation, dietary niche partitioning, dietary specialization, ecological divergence, Liem's paradox, sympatric speciation, trophic niche partitioning, Liem’s paradox, specialization, Zoology, Fisheries Sciences, Fisheries, Fisheries sciences
Abstract

Trophic niche partitioning is observed in many adaptive radiations and is hypothesized to be a central process underlying species divergence. However, patterns of dietary niche partitioning are inconsistent across radiations and there are few studies of niche partitioning in putative examples of sympatric speciation. Here, we conducted the first quantitative study of dietary niche partitioning using stomach contents and stable isotope analyses in one of the most celebrated examples of sympatric speciation: the cichlid radiation from crater lake Barombi Mbo, Cameroon. We found little evidence for trophic niche partitioning among cichlids, including the nine species coexisting in the narrow littoral zone. Stable isotope analyses supported these conclusions of substantial dietary overlap. Our data, however, did reveal that five of eleven species consume rare dietary items, including freshwater sponge, terrestrial ants, and nocturnal foraging on shrimp. Stomach contents of the spongivore (Pungu maclareni) were 20% freshwater sponge, notable considering that only 0.04% of all fishes consume sponges. Overall, we conclude that cichlid species in lake Barombi Mbo overlap considerably in broad dietary niches-in part due to the large proportion of detritus in the stomach contents of all species-but there is evidence for divergence among species in their diet specializations on unique resources. We speculate that these species may utilize these additional specialized resources during periods of low resource abundance in support of Liem's paradox.

Published
2022

35. Immunogenicity of concomitant SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination in UK healthcare workers: a prospective longitudinal observational study

Author

Nazareth, Joshua, Martin, Christopher A., Pan, Daniel, Barr, Ian G., Sullivan, Sheena G., Peck, Heidi, Veli, Neyme, Das, Mrinal, Bryant, Luke, George, Nisha, Gohar, Marjan, Gray, Laura J., Teece, Lucy, Vail, Denny, Renals, Val, Karia, Aleesha, Renals, Paul, Moss, Paul, Tattersall, Andrea, Otter, Ashley D., Haldar, Pranab, Cooper, Andrea, Stephenson, Iain, Wiselka, Martin J., Tang, Julian W., Nellums, Laura, and Pareek, Manish

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN CENTRAL SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

Author

Nfawa Erasmus Usani, Emem Akaniyene Sampson, Idongesit Joshua Essien, Ubong Martin Christopher, and Mfon Isaac Effiong

Subjects
marketing strategies, performance of smes, micromarketing, electronic marketing and marketing communication, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) are an essential component of the nation’s economy, contributing in several ways, including creating money, opening up new employment opportunities, introducing innovations, and fostering competition. This research investigated the impact of marketing strategies on the performance of SMEs in the central senatorial district of Cross River State, Nigeria. The study specifically looks at the impact of micromarketing, marketing communication, and electronic marketing on the performance of SMEs. The researchers adopted the survey design. The questionnaire was the instrument administered to SME owners in the six local government areas that make up the central senatorial district, of which 375 copies were retrieved and completed in useable form. Hence, 375 formed the sample for the study. The obtained data were analyzed using percentages, and hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. Findings from the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between marketing strategies (micromarketing, marketing communication, and electronic marketing) and the performance of SMEs. The study recommends that SME owners should pay special attention to marketing communication, as that is the strategy with the greatest impact on SME performance.

Published
2024

39. Survey on the Past Decade of Technology in Animal Enrichment: A Scoping Review.

Author

Kresnye, K, Chung, Chia-Fang, Martin, Christopher, and Shih, Patrick

Subjects
animal welfare, animal–computer interaction, enrichment
Abstract

Environmental enrichment is adding complexity to an environment that has a positive impact on a captive animal as a necessity of care. Computing technology is being rapidly weaved throughout the space in both enrichment devices as well as evaluating enrichment outcomes. In this article, we present a scoping review of 102 captive animal enrichment studies and propose a contextual lens for exploring current practices. We discuss the importance of directed growth in species inclusion, transitioning beyond anthro-centric designs, and utilizing shared methodologies.

Published
2022

40. Modern Foreign Language Learning: Exploring the Possible Impact of Parental Experiences on Student Motivation

Author

Martin, Christopher

Abstract

Purpose: This present paper draws on a doctoral study which provides an innovative insight into the extent to which parents influence their child's motivation to learn a foreign language. Methodology: An exploratory methodology was adopted to approach this study from multiple angles, using a sequential mixed-methods research design. A questionnaire, co-created by a professional community of practice, was administered to parents (n = 107) and children (n = 495) in four secondary schools in the wider West Midlands conurbation. This was followed by semi-structured dyadic interviews with six sets of parents and their children (n = 12). This gave a rounded view of parental orientations towards language learning and how this could impact their child's motivation. Findings: Quantitative analysis shows that there are strong, positive correlations between parent and child data for five of the six motivation constructs. Linear regression shows that parental level of general education has a statistically significant impact on four student motivation constructs. Results from the qualitative analysis show that parents were largely indifferent, with mixed experiences of language learning. Parents were also cognisant of issues surrounding the availability of different language options and possible timetabling constraints which impact the flexibility for children to choose a language. Originality: The present study is innovative through its inclusion of parental views towards learning a foreign language. Its research design paves the way for a widening of methodologies through the use of mixed methods to explore these orientations in greater detail as well as drawing on a professional community of practice as a partner in the research process.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Education and the Identities of Liberalism

Author

Martin, Christopher

Abstract

In "Political and Metaphysical: Reflections on Identity, Education, and Justice" (EJ1277341), Lauren Bialystok makes a nuanced and timely case for a reassessment of the moral and political significance of identity within liberal societies in general, and for education in particular. She offers an impressive philosophical reconstruction of a form of political polarization driven, in part, by the attempt to adjudicate claims of justice and fairness on identity grounds. This attempt appears to put at odds two important intuitions: that citizens should be treated as free and equal in an ideal sense, and that citizens should be recognized in their particularity in the non-ideal circumstances against which some may struggle. While Bialystok acknowledges that this conflict is a longstanding one for liberal political theory, her argument advances three important claims that show why there is reason to take this tension seriously in the educational domain. In this article, the author examines Bialystok's argument and offers his opinions and thoughts.

Published
2020

42. Quenching, bursting and galaxy shapes: colour transformation as a function of morphology

Author

de Sá-Freitas, Camila, Gonçalves, Thiago Signorini, de Carvalho, Reinaldo R., Menéndez-Delmestre, Karín, Barchi, Paulo H., Sampaio, Vitor M., Basu-Zych, Antara, Darvish, Behnam, and Martin, Christopher

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Different mechanisms for quenching star formation in galaxies are commonly invoked in the literature, but the relative impact of each one at different cosmic epochs is still unknown. In particular, the relation between these processes and morphological transformation remains poorly understood. In this work, we measure the effectiveness of changes in star formation rates by analysing a new parameter, the Star Formation Acceleration (SFA), as a function of galaxy morphology. This methodology is capable of identifying both bursting and quenching episodes that occurred in the preceding 300 Myrs. We use morphological classification catalogs based on Deep learning techniques. Our final sample has $\sim$14,200 spirals and $\sim$2,500 ellipticals. We find that elliptical galaxies in the transition region have median shorter quenching timescales ( $\tau$ < 1 Gyr) than spirals ($\tau \geq 1$ Gyr). This result conforms to the scenario in which major mergers and other violent processes play a fundamental role in galaxy evolution for most ellipticals, not only quenching star formation more rapidly but also playing a role in morphological transformation. We also find that $\sim$two thirds of galaxies bursting in the green valley in our sample are massive spirals ($M_\star \geq 10^{11.0}M_\odot$) with signs of disturbance. This is in accordance with the scenario where low mass galaxies are losing their gas in a interaction with a massive galaxy: while the former is quenching, the last is being refueled and going through a burst, showing signs of recent interaction., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted by MNRAS

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Randomized Trial of Augmented Pelvic Fixation in Patients Undergoing Thoracolumbar Fusion for Adult Spine Deformity: Initial Results from a Multicenter Randomized Trial

Author

Mundis, Gregory, Herzog, Joshua, Buchholz, Avery, Eastlack, Robert, Elder, Benjamin, Lieberman, Isador, Kim, Han Jo, Matheus, Virgilio, Snowden, Ryan, Franke, Jorg, Klapproth, Lars, Leveque, Jean-Christophe, Sembrano, Jonathan, Arakal, Raj, Chapman, Matt, Khan, Safdar, Lee, Robert, Belanger, Theodore, Wong, Cyrus, Ajayi, Olaide, Kazemi, Noojan, Park, Paul, Singla, Anuj, Buckland, Aaron, Hah, Raymond, Khalil, Jad, Kleck, Christopher, Mokawem, Michael, Nemani, Venu, Turner, Jay, Colman, Matt, Hirschl, Robert, Kent, Roland, Kuhns, Craig, Prestamburgo, Domenico, Sethi, Rajiv, Smith, Gregory, Uribe, Juan, Cress, Marshall C., Dewald, Christopher, Fogelson, Jeremy, Martin, Chris, Meiler, Katherine, Mullin, Jeffrey, Oppenlander, Mark, Ou-Yang, David, Phillips, Frank, Polly, David, Mundis, Greg, Leveque, Jean-Christopher, Elder, Benjamin D., Martin, Christopher, and Shaffrey, Christopher

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination to prevent febrile and respiratory illness in adults (BRACE): secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial

Author

Curtis, Nigel, Davidson, Andrew, Gardiner, Kaya, Gwee, Amanda, Jamieson, Tenaya, Messina, Nicole, Morawakage, Thilanka, Perlen, Susan, Perrett, Kirsten, Pittet, Laure, Sastry, Amber, Teo, Jia Wei, Orsini, Francesca, Lee, Katherine, Moore, Cecilia, Vidmar, Suzanna, PITTET, Laure, Ali, Rashida, Dunn, Ross, Edler, Peta, Gell, Grace, Goodall, Casey, Hall, Richard, Krastev, Ann, La, Nathan, McDonald, Ellie, McPhate, Nick, Nguyen, Thao, Ren, Jack, Stevens, Luke, Alamrousi, Ahmed, Bonnici, Rhian, Dang, Thanh, Germano, Susie, Hua, Jenny, McElroy, Rebecca, Razmovska, Monica, Reddiex, Scott, Wang, Xiaofang, Anderson, Jeremy, Azzopardi, Kristy, Bennett-Wood, Vicki, Czajko, Anna, Mazarakis, Nadia, McCafferty, Conor, Oppedisano, Frances, Ortika, Belinda, Pell, Casey, Spry, Leena, Toh, Ryan, Velagapudi, Sunitha, Vlahos, Amanda, Wee-Hee, Ashleigh, Ramos, Pedro, De La Cruz, Karina, Gamage, Dinusha, Karunanayake, Anushka, Mezzetti, Isabella, Ong, Benjamin, Singh, Ronita, Sooriyarachchi, Enoshini, Nicholson, Suellen, Cain, Natalie, Brizuela, Rianne, Huang, Han, Abruzzo, Veronica, Bealing, Morgan, Bimboese, Patricia, Bowes, Kirsty, Burrell, Emma, Chan, Joyce, Cushnahan, Jac, Elborough, Hannah, Elkington, Olivia, Fahey, Kieran, Fernandez, Monique, Flynn, Catherine, Fowler, Sarah, Andrit, Marie Gentile, Gladanac, Bojana, Hammond, Catherine, Ma, Norine, Macalister, Sam, Milojevic, Emmah, Mojeed, Jesutofunmi, Nguyen, Jill, O'Donnell, Liz, Olivier, Nadia, Ooi, Isabelle, Reynolds, Stephanie, Shen, Lisa, Sherry, Barb, Spotswood, Judith, Wedderburn, Jamie, Younes, Angela, Legge, Donna, Bell, Jason, Cheah, Jo, Cobbledick, Annie, Lim, Kee, Elia, Sonja, Addlem, Lynne, Bourke, Anna, Brophy, Clare, Henare, Nadine, Jenkins, Narelle, Machingaifa, Francesca, Miller, Skye, Mitchell, Kirsten, Pitkin, Sigrid, Wall, Kate, Villanueva, Paola, Crawford, Nigel, Norton, Wendy, Tan, Niki, Chengodu, Thilakavathi, Dawson, Diane, Gordon, Victoria, Korman, Tony, O'Bryan, Jess, Agius, Sophie, Bannister, Samantha, Bucholc, Jess, Burns, Alison, Camesella, Beatriz, Carlin, John, Ciaverella, Marianna, Curtis, Maxwell, Firth, Stephanie, Guo, Christina, Hannan, Matthew, Hill, Erin, Joshi, Sri, Lieschke, Katherine, Mathers, Megan, Odoi, Sasha, Rak, Ashleigh, Richards, Chris, Steve, Leah, Stewart, Carolyn, Sudbury, Eva, Thomson, Helen, Watts, Emma, Williams, Fiona, Young, Angela, Glenn, Penny, Kaynes, Andrew, De Floy, Amandine Philippart, Buchanan, Sandy, Sondag, Thijs, Xie, Ivy, Edmund, Harriet, Byrne, Bridie, Keeble, Tom, Ngien, Belle, Noonan, Fran, Wearing-Smith, Michelle, Clarke, Alison, Davies, Pemma, Eastwood, Oliver, Ellinghaus, Alric, Ghieh, Rachid, Hilton, Zahra, Jennings, Emma, Kakkos, Athina, Liang, Iris, Nicol, Katie, O'Callaghan, Sally, Osman, Helen, Rajaram, Gowri, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Rayner, Victoria, Salmon, Ashleigh, Scheppokat, Angela, Stevens, Aimee, Street, Rebekah, Toogood, Nicholas, Wood, Nicholas, Bahaduri, Twinkle, Baulman, Therese, Byrne, Jennifer, Carter, Candace, Corbett, Mary, Dao, Aiken, Desylva, Maria, Dunn, Andrew, Gardiner, Evangeline, Joyce, Rosemary, Kandasamy, Rama, Munns, Craig, Pelayo, Lisa, Sharma, Ketaki, Sterling, Katrina, Uren, Caitlin, Colaco, Clinton, Douglas, Mark, Hamilton, Kate, Bartlett, Adam, McMullan, Brendan, Palasanthiran, Pamela, Williams, Phoebe, Beardsley, Justin, Bergant, Nikki, Lagunday, Renier, Overton, Kristen, Post, Jeffrey, Al-Hindawi, Yasmeen, Barney, Sarah, Byrne, Anthony, Mead, Lee, Plit, Marshall, Lynn, David, Benson, Saoirse, Blake, Stephen, Botten, Rochelle, Chern, Tee Yee, Eden, Georgina, Griffith, Liddy, James, Jane, Lynn, Miriam, Markow, Angela, Sacca, Domenic, Stevens, Natalie, Wesselingh, Steve, Doran, Catriona, Barry, Simone, Sawka, Alice, Evans, Sue, Goodchild, Louise, Heath, Christine, Krieg, Meredith, Marshall, Helen, McMillan, Mark, Walker, Mary, Richmond, Peter, Amenyogbe, Nelly, Anthony, Christina, Arnold, Annabelle, Arrowsmith, Beth, Ben-Othman, Rym, Clark, Sharon, Dunnill, Jemma, Eiffler, Nat, Ewe, Krist, Finucane, Carolyn, Flynn, Lorraine, Gibson, Camille, Hartnell, Lucy, Hollams, Elysia, Hutton, Heidi, Jarvis, Lance, Jones, Jane, Jones, Jan, Jones, Karen, Kent, Jennifer, Kollmann, Tobias, Lalich, Debbie, Lee, Wenna, Lim, Rachel, McAlister, Sonia, McDonald, Fiona, Meehan, Andrea, Minhaj, Asma, Montgomery, Lisa, O'Donnell, Melissa, Ong, Jaslyn, Ong, Joanne, Parkin, Kimberley, Perez, Glady, Power, Catherine, Rezazadeh, Shadie, Richmond, Holly, Rogers, Sally, Schultz, Nikki, Shave, Margaret, Skut, Patrycja, Stiglmayer, Lisa, Truelove, Alexandra, Wadia, Ushma, Wallace, Rachael, Waring, Justin, England, Michelle, Latkovic, Erin, Manning, Laurens, Herrmann, Susan, Lucas, Michaela, Lacerda, Marcus, Andrade, Paulo Henrique, Barbosa, Fabiane Bianca, Barros, Dayanne, Brasil, Larissa, Capella, Ana Greyce, Castro, Ramon, Costa, Erlane, de Souza, Dilcimar, Dias, Maianne, Dias, José, Ferreira, Klenilson, Figueiredo, Paula, Freitas, Thamires, Furtado, Ana Carolina, Gama, Larissa, Godinho, Vanessa, Gouy, Cintia, Hinojosa, Daniele, Jardim, Bruno, Jardim, Tyane, Junior, Joel, Lima, Augustto, Maia, Bernardo, Marins, Adriana, Mazurega, Kelry, Medeiros, Tercilene, Melo, Rosangela, Moraes, Marinete, Nascimento, Elizandra, Neves, Juliana, Oliveira, Maria Gabriela, Oliveira, Thais, Oliveira, Ingrid, Otsuka, Arthur, Paes, Rayssa, Pereira, Handerson, Pereira, Gabrielle, Prado, Christiane, Queiroz, Evelyn, Rodrigues, Laleyska, Rodrigues, Bebeto, Sampaio, Vanderson, Santos, Anna Gabriela, Santos, Daniel, Santos, Tilza, Santos, Evelyn, Sartim, Ariandra, Silva, Ana Beatriz, Silva, Juliana, Silva, Emanuelle, Simão, Mariana, Soares, Caroline, Sousa, Antonny, Trindade, Alexandre, Val, Fernando, Vasconcelos, Adria, Vasconcelos, Heline, Croda, Julio, Abreu, Carolinne, Almeida, Katya Martinez, Bitencourt de Andrade, Camila, Campos Angelo, Jhenyfer Thalyta, Gonçalvez de Araújo Arcanjo, Ghislaine, Silva Menezes Arruda, Bianca Maria, Ayala, Wellyngthon Espindola, Refosco Barbosa, Adelita Agripina, Vieira Batista, Felipe Zampieri, de Morais Batista, Fabiani, de Jesus Costa, Miriam, Croda, Mariana Garcia, Alves da Cruz, Lais, Pereira Diogo, Roberta Carolina, Dutra Escobar, Rodrigo Cezar, Fernandes, Iara Rodrigues, Figueiredo, Leticia Ramires, Cavalcanti Gonçalves, Leandro Galdino, Lahdo, Sarita, Lencina, Joyce dos Santos, Teodoro de Lima, Guilherme, LEOPOLDINA MEIRELES, Bruna Tayara, Moreira, Debora Quadros, Silva Muranaka, Lilian Batista, de Oliveira, Adriely, Warszawski de Oliveira, Karla Regina, Vieira de Oliveira, Matheus, Dias de Oliveira, Roberto, Pereira, Andrea Antonia Souza de Almeida dos Reis, Puga, Marco, Ramos, Caroliny Veron, Souza da Rosa, Thaynara Haynara, Lopes dos Santos, Karla, Ribeiro dos Santos, Claudinalva, Leopoldina dos Santos, Dyenyffer Stéffany, Santos, Karina Marques, Pereira da Silva, Paulo César, Rocha da Silva, Paulo Victor, Silva, Débora dos Santos, Vieira da Silva, Patricia, Freitas da Rosa Soares, Bruno, Sperotto, Mariana Gazzoni, Tadokoro, Mariana Mayumi, Tsuha, Daniel, Ramos Vieira, Hugo Miguel, Pretti Dalcolmo, Margareth Maria, Lopes Alves da Paixão, Cíntia Maria, Corrêa E Castro, Gabriela, Collopy, Simone Silva, da Costa Silva, Renato, Almeida da Silveira, Samyra, Da-Cruz, Alda Maria, Maria da Silva Passos de Carvalho, Alessandra, de Cássia Batista, Rita, Silva De Freitas, Maria Luciana, Gerhardt de Oliveira Ferreira, Aline, Conceição de Souza, Ana Paula, Doblas, Paola Cerbino, Alcoforado da Silva dos Santos, Ayla, Cristine de Moraes dos Santos, Vanessa, Alves dos Santos Gomes, Dayane, Fortunato, Anderson Lage, Gomes-Silva, Adriano, Gonçalves, Monique Pinto, Garcia Meireless Junior, Paulo Leandro, Martins da Costa Carvalho, Estela, Motta, Fernando do Couto, Olivo de Mendonça, Ligia Maria, Pandine, Girlene dos Santos, Plácido Pereira, Rosa Maria, Maia, Ivan Ramos, Luiz da Rocha, Jorge, Paiva Romano, João Victor, Santos, Glauce dos, Fernandes da Silva, Erica, Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira, Marilda Agudo, Prudêncio Soares, Ágatha Cristinne, Bonten, Marc, Arroyo, Sandra Franch, Besten, Henny Ophorst-den, Boon, Anna, Brakke, Karin M., Janssen, Axel, Koopmans, Marijke A.H., Lemmens, Toos, Leurink, Titia, Prat-Aymerich, Cristina, Septer-Bijleveld, Engelien, Stadhouders, Kimberly, Troeman, Darren, van der Waal, Marije, van Opdorp, Marjoleine, van Sluis, Nicolette, Wolters, Beatrijs, Kluytmans, Jan, Romme, Jannie, van den Bijllaardt, Wouter, van Mook, Linda, Rijen, M.M.L (Miranda) van, Filius, P.M.G., Gisolf, Jet, Greven, Frances, Huijbens, Danique, Hassing, Robert Jan, Pon, R.C., Preijers, Lieke, van Leusen, J.H., Verheij, Harald, Boersma, Wim, Brans, Evelien, Kloeg, Paul, Molenaar-Groot, Kitty, Nguyen, Nhat Khanh, Paternotte, Nienke, Rol, Anke, Stooper, Lida, Dijkstra, Helga, Eggenhuizen, Esther, Huijs, Lucas, Moorlag, Simone, Netea, Mihai, Pranger, Eva, Taks, Esther, Oever, Jaap ten, Heine, Rob ter, Blauwendraat, Kitty, Meek, Bob, Erkaya, Isil, Harbech, Houda, Roescher, Nienke, Peeters, Rifka, Riele, Menno te, Zhou, Carmen, Calbo, Esther, Marti, Cristina Badia, Palomares, Emma Triviño, Porcuna, Tomás Perez, Barriocanal, Anabel, Barriocanal, Ana Maria, Casas, Irma, Dominguez, Jose, Esteve, Maria, Lacoma, Alicia, Latorre, Irene, Molina, Gemma, Molina, Barbara, Rosell, Antoni, Vidal, Sandra, Barrera, Lydia, Bustos, Natalia, Calderón, Ines Portillo, Campos, David Gutierrez, Carretero, Jose Manuel, Castellano, Angel Dominguez, Compagnone, Renato, Ramirez de Arellano, Encarnacion, Serna, Almudena de la, del Toro Lopez, Maria Dolores, Clement Espindola, Marie-Alix, Martin Gutierrez, Ana Belen, Hernandez, Alvaro Pascual, Jiménez, Virginia Palomo, Moreno, Elisa, Navarrete, Nicolas, Paño, Teresa Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Tristán, Enriqueta, Rios Villegas, Maria Jose, Garces, Atsegiñe Canga, Amo, Erika Castro, Guerrero, Raquel Coya, Goikoetxea, Josune, Jorge, Leticia, Perez, Cristina, Fariñas Álvarez, María Carmen, Cuadra, Manuel Gutierrez, Arnaiz de las Revillas Almajano, Francisco, Garcia, Pilar Bohedo, Poderos, Teresa Giménez, Rico, Claudia González, Sanchez, Blanca, Valero, Olga, Vega, Noelia, Campbell, John, Barnes, Anna, Catterick, Helen, Cranston, Tim, Dawe, Phoebe, Fletcher, Emily, Fouracre, Liam, Gifford, Alison, Gow, Neil, Kirkwood, John, Martin, Christopher, McAnew, Amy, Mitchell, Marcus, Newman, Georgina, O'Connell, Abby, Onysk, Jakob, Quinn, Lynne, Rhodes, Shelley, Stone, Samuel, Symons, Lorrie, Tripp, Harry, Watkins, Darcy, Whale, Bethany, Harding, Alex, Lockhart, Gemma, Sidaway-Lee, Kate, Hilton, Sam, Manton, Sarah, Webber-Rookes, Daniel, Winder, Rachel, Moore, James, Bateman, Freya, Gibbons, Michael, Knight, Bridget, Moss, Julie, Statton, Sarah, Studham, Josephine, Hall, Lydia, Moyle, Will, Venton, Tamsin, Pittet, Laure F., Messina, Nicole L., Croda, Mariana G., Dalcolmo, Margareth, Lacerda, Marcus V.G., Lynn, David J., Perrett, Kirsten P., Post, Jeffrey J., Richmond, Peter C., Rocha, Jorge L., Rodriguez-Baño, Jesus, Warris, Adilia, and Wood, Nicholas J.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. We get by with a little help from our friends: shared adaptive variation provides a bridge to novel ecological specialists during adaptive radiation

Author

Richards, Emilie J and Martin, Christopher H

Subjects
Generic health relevance, Animals, Ecosystem, Genetic Speciation, Killifishes, Sympatry, ecological speciation, adaptive radiation, novelty, speciation genomics, adaptive introgression, trophic innovation, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Adaptive radiations involve astounding bursts of phenotypic, ecological and species diversity. However, the microevolutionary processes that underlie the origins of these bursts are still poorly understood. We report the discovery of an intermediate C. sp. 'wide-mouth' scale-eating ecomorph in a sympatric radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes, illuminating the transition from a widespread algae-eating generalist to a novel microendemic scale-eating specialist. We first show that this ecomorph occurs in sympatry with generalist C. variegatus and scale-eating specialist C. desquamator on San Salvador Island, Bahamas, but is genetically differentiated, morphologically distinct and often consumes scales. We then compared the timing of selective sweeps on shared and unique adaptive variants in trophic specialists to characterize their adaptive walk. Shared adaptive regions swept first in both the specialist desquamator and the intermediate 'wide-mouth' ecomorph, followed by unique sweeps of introgressed variation in 'wide-mouth' and de novo variation in desquamator. The two scale-eating populations additionally shared 9% of their hard selective sweeps with the molluscivore C. brontotheroides, despite no single common ancestor among specialists. Our work provides a new microevolutionary framework for investigating how major ecological transitions occur and illustrates how both shared and unique genetic variation can provide a bridge for multiple species to access novel ecological niches.

Published
2022

49. Specific and off-target immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines—an exploratory sub-study of the BRACE trial

Author

Curtis, Nigel, Davidson, Andrew, Gardiner, Kaya, Gwee, Amanda, Jamieson, Tenaya, Messina, Nicole, Morawakage, Thilanka, Perlen, Susan, Perrett, Kirsten, Pittet, Laure, Sastry, Amber, Teo, Jia Wei, Orsini, Francesca, Lee, Katherine, Moore, Cecilia, Vidmar, Suzanna, Ali, Rashida, Dunn, Ross, Edler, Peta, Gell, Grace, Goodall, Casey, Hall, Richard, Krastev, Ann, La, Nathan, McDonald, Ellie, McPhate, Nick, Nguyen, Thao, Ren, Jack, Stevens, Luke, Alamrousi, Ahmed, Bonnici, Rhian, Dang, Thanh, Germano, Susie, Hua, Jenny, McElroy, Rebecca, Razmovska, Monica, Reddiex, Scott, Wang, Xiaofang, Anderson, Jeremy, Azzopardi, Kristy, Bennett-Wood, Vicki, Czajko, Anna, Mazarakis, Nadia, McCafferty, Conor, Oppedisano, Frances, Ortika, Belinda, Pell, Casey, Spry, Leena, Toh, Ryan, Velagapudi, Sunitha, Vlahos, Amanda, Wee-Hee, Ashleigh, Ramos, Pedro, De La Cruz, Karina, Gamage, Dinusha, Karunanayake, Anushka, Mezzetti, Isabella, Ong, Benjamin, Singh, Ronita, Sooriyarachchi, Enoshini, Nicholson, Suellen, Cain, Natalie, Brizuela, Rianne, Huang, Han, Abruzzo, Veronica, Bealing, Morgan, Bimboese, Patricia, Bowes, Kirsty, Burrell, Emma, Chan, Joyce, Cushnahan, Jac, Elborough, Hannah, Elkington, Olivia, Fahey, Kieran, Fernandez, Monique, Flynn, Catherine, Fowler, Sarah, Andrit, Marie Gentile, Gladanac, Bojana, Hammond, Catherine, Ma, Norine, Macalister, Sam, Milojevic, Emmah, Mojeed, Jesutofunmi, Nguyen, Jill, O’Donnell, Liz, Olivier, Nadia, Ooi, Isabelle, Reynolds, Stephanie, Shen, Lisa, Sherry, Barb, Spotswood, Judith, Wedderburn, Jamie, Younes, Angela, Legge, Donna, Bell, Jason, Cheah, Jo, Cobbledick, Annie, Lim, Kee, Elia, Sonja, Addlem, Lynne, Bourke, Anna, Brophy, Clare, Henare, Nadine, Jenkins, Narelle, Machingaifa, Francesca, Miller, Skye, Mitchell, Kirsten, Pitkin, Sigrid, Wall, Kate, Villanueva, Paola, Crawford, Nigel, Norton, Wendy, Tan, Niki, Chengodu, Thilakavathi, Dawson, Diane, Gordon, Victoria, Korman, Tony, O’Bryan, Jess, Agius, Sophie, Bannister, Samantha, Bucholc, Jess, Burns, Alison, Camesella, Beatriz, Carlin, John, Ciaverella, Marianna, Curtis, Maxwell, Firth, Stephanie, Guo, Christina, Hannan, Matthew, Hill, Erin, Joshi, Sri, Lieschke, Katherine, Mathers, Megan, Odoi, Sasha, Rak, Ashleigh, Richards, Chris, Steve, Leah, Stewart, Carolyn, Sudbury, Eva, Thomson, Helen, Watts, Emma, Williams, Fiona, Young, Angela, Glenn, Penny, Kaynes, Andrew, De Floy, Amandine Philippart, Buchanan, Sandy, Sondag, Thijs, Xie, Ivy, Edmund, Harriet, Byrne, Bridie, Keeble, Tom, Ngien, Belle, Noonan, Fran, Wearing-Smith, Michelle, Clarke, Alison, Davies, Pemma, Eastwood, Oliver, Ellinghaus, Alric, Ghieh, Rachid, Hilton, Zahra, Jennings, Emma, Kakkos, Athina, Liang, Iris, Nicol, Katie, O’Callaghan, Sally, Osman, Helen, Rajaram, Gowri, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Rayner, Victoria, Salmon, Ashleigh, Scheppokat, Angela, Stevens, Aimee, Street, Rebekah, Toogood, Nicholas, Wood, Nicholas, Bahaduri, Twinkle, Baulman, Therese, Byrne, Jennifer, Carter, Candace, Corbett, Mary, Dao, Aiken, Desylva, Maria, Dunn, Andrew, Gardiner, Evangeline, Joyce, Rosemary, Kandasamy, Rama, Munns, Craig, Pelayo, Lisa, Sharma, Ketaki, Sterling, Katrina, Uren, Caitlin, Colaco, Clinton, Douglas, Mark, Hamilton, Kate, Bartlett, Adam, McMullan, Brendan, Palasanthiran, Pamela, Williams, Phoebe, Beardsley, Justin, Bergant, Nikki, Lagunday, Renier, Overton, Kristen, Post, Jeffrey, Al-Hindawi, Yasmeen, Barney, Sarah, Byrne, Anthony, Mead, Lee, Plit, Marshall, Lynn, David, Benson, Saoirse, Blake, Stephen, Botten, Rochelle, Chern, Tee Yee, Eden, Georgina, Griffith, Liddy, James, Jane, Lynn, Miriam, Markow, Angela, Sacca, Domenic, Stevens, Natalie, Wesselingh, Steve, Doran, Catriona, Barry, Simone, Sawka, Alice, Evans, Sue, Goodchild, Louise, Heath, Christine, Krieg, Meredith, Marshall, Helen, McMillan, Mark, Walker, Mary, Richmond, Peter, Amenyogbe, Nelly, Anthony, Christina, Arnold, Annabelle, Arrowsmith, Beth, Ben-Othman, Rym, Clark, Sharon, Dunnill, Jemma, Eiffler, Nat, Ewe, Krist, Finucane, Carolyn, Flynn, Lorraine, Gibson, Camille, Hartnell, Lucy, Hollams, Elysia, Hutton, Heidi, Jarvis, Lance, Jones, Jane, Jones, Jan, Jones, Karen, Kent, Jennifer, Kollmann, Tobias, Lalich, Debbie, Lee, Wenna, Lim, Rachel, McAlister, Sonia, McDonald, Fiona, Meehan, Andrea, Minhaj, Asma, Montgomery, Lisa, O’Donnell, Melissa, Ong, Jaslyn, Ong, Joanne, Parkin, Kimberley, Perez, Glady, Power, Catherine, Rezazadeh, Shadie, Richmond, Holly, Rogers, Sally, Schultz, Nikki, Shave, Margaret, Skut, Patrycja, Stiglmayer, Lisa, Truelove, Alexandra, Wadia, Ushma, Wallace, Rachael, Waring, Justin, England, Michelle, Latkovic, Erin, Manning, Laurens, Herrmann, Susan, Lucas, Michaela, Lacerda, Marcus, Andrade, Paulo Henrique, Barbosa, Fabiane Bianca, Barros, Dayanne, Brasil, Larissa, Capella, Ana Greyce, Castro, Ramon, Costa, Erlane, de Souza, Dilcimar, Dias, Maianne, Dias, José, Ferreira, Klenilson, Figueiredo, Paula, Freitas, Thamires, Furtado, Ana Carolina, Gama, Larissa, Godinho, Vanessa, Gouy, Cintia, Hinojosa, Daniele, Jardim, Bruno, Jardim, Tyane, Junior, Joel, Lima, Augustto, Maia, Bernardo, Marins, Adriana, Mazurega, Kelry, Medeiros, Tercilene, Melo, Rosangela, Moraes, Marinete, Nascimento, Elizandra, Neves, Juliana, Oliveira, Maria Gabriela, Oliveira, Thais, Oliveira, Ingrid, Otsuka, Arthur, Paes, Rayssa, Pereira, Handerson, Pereira, Gabrielle, Prado, Christiane, Queiroz, Evelyn, Rodrigues, Laleyska, Rodrigues, Bebeto, Sampaio, Vanderson, Santos, Anna Gabriela, Santos, Daniel, Santos, Tilza, Santos, Evelyn, Sartim, Ariandra, Silva, Ana Beatriz, Silva, Juliana, Silva, Emanuelle, Simão, Mariana, Soares, Caroline, Sousa, Antonny, Trindade, Alexandre, Val, Fernando, Vasconcelos, Adria, Vasconcelos, Heline, Croda, Julio, Abreu, Carolinne, Almeida, Katya Martinez, Bitencourt de Andrade, Camila, Campos Angelo, Jhenyfer Thalyta, Gonçalvez de Araújo Arcanjo, Ghislaine, Silva Menezes Arruda, Bianca Maria, Ayala, Wellyngthon Espindola, Refosco Barbosa, Adelita Agripina, Vieira Batista, Felipe Zampieri, de Morais Batista, Fabiani, de Jesus Costa, Miriam, Croda, Mariana Garcia, Alves da Cruz, Lais, Pereira Diogo, Roberta Carolina, Dutra Escobar, Rodrigo Cezar, Fernandes, Iara Rodrigues, Figueiredo, Leticia Ramires, Cavalcanti Gonçalves, Leandro Galdino, Lahdo, Sarita, Lencina, Joyce dos Santos, Teodoro de Lima, Guilherme, Matos, Larissa Santos, Leopoldina Meireles, Bruna Tayara, Moreira, Debora Quadros, Silva Muranaka, Lilian Batista, de Oliveira, Adriely, Warszawski de Oliveira, Karla Regina, Vieira de Oliveira, Matheus, Dias de Oliveira, Roberto, Souza de Almeida dos Reis Pereira, Andrea Antonia, Puga, Marco, Ramos, Caroliny Veron, Souza da Rosa, Thaynara Haynara, Lopes dos Santos, Karla, Ribeiro dos Santos, Claudinalva, Leopoldina dos Santos, Dyenyffer Stéffany, Santos, Karina Marques, Pereira da Silva, Paulo César, Rocha da Silva, Paulo Victor, Silva, Débora dos Santos, Vieira da Silva, Patricia, Freitas da Rosa Soares, Bruno, Sperotto, Mariana Gazzoni, Tadokoro, Mariana Mayumi, Tsuha, Daniel, Ramos Vieira, Hugo Miguel, Pretti Dalcolmo, Margareth Maria, Lopes Alves da Paixão, Cíntia Maria, Corrêa E Castro, Gabriela, Collopy, Simone Silva, da Costa Silva, Renato, Almeida da Silveira, Samyra, Da-Cruz, Alda Maria, Maria da Silva Passos de Carvalho, Alessandra, de Cássia Batista, Rita, Silva De Freitas, Maria Luciana, Gerhardt de Oliveira Ferreira, Aline, Conceição de Souza, Ana Paula, Doblas, Paola Cerbino, Alcoforado da Silva dos Santos, Ayla, Cristine de Moraes dos Santos, Vanessa, Alves dos Santos Gomes, Dayane, Fortunato, Anderson Lage, Gomes-Silva, Adriano, Gonçalves, Monique Pinto, Garcia Meireless Junior, Paulo Leandro, Martins da Costa Carvalho, Estela, Motta, Fernando do Couto, Olivo de Mendonça, Ligia Maria, Pandine, Girlene dos Santos, Plácido Pereira, Rosa Maria, Maia, Ivan Ramos, Luiz da Rocha, Jorge, Paiva Romano, João Victor, Santos, Glauce dos, Fernandes da Silva, Erica, Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira, Marilda Agudo, Prudêncio Soares, Ágatha Cristinne, Bonten, Marc, Arroyo, Sandra Franch, Besten, Henny Ophorst-den, Boon, Anna, Brakke, Karin M., Janssen, Axel, Koopmans, Marijke A.H., Lemmens, Toos, Leurink, Titia, Prat-Aymerich, Cristina, Septer-Bijleveld, Engelien, Stadhouders, Kimberly, Troeman, Darren, van der Waal, Marije, van Opdorp, Marjoleine, van Sluis, Nicolette, Wolters, Beatrijs, Kluytmans, Jan, Romme, Jannie, van den Bijllaardt, Wouter, van Mook, Linda, Rijen, M.M.L (Miranda) van, Filius, Margreet, Gisolf, Jet, Greven, Frances, Huijbens, Danique, Hassing, Robert Jan, Pon, Roos, Preijers, Lieke, van Leusen, Joke, Verheij, Harald, Boersma, Wim, Brans, Evelien, Kloeg, Paul, Molenaar-Groot, Kitty, Nguyen, Nhat Khanh, Paternotte, Nienke, Rol, Anke, Stooper, Lida, Dijkstra, Helga, Eggenhuizen, Esther, Huijs, Lucas, Moorlag, Simone, Netea, Mihai, Pranger, Eva, Taks, Esther, Oever, Jaap ten, Heine, Rob ter, Blauwendraat, Kitty, Meek, Bob, Erkaya, Isil, Harbech, Houda, Roescher, Nienke, Peeters, Rifka, Riele, Menno te, Zhou, Carmen, Calbo, Esther, Marti, Cristina Badia, Palomares, Emma Triviño, Porcuna, Tomás Perez, Barriocanal, Anabel, Barriocanal, Ana Maria, Casas, Irma, Dominguez, Jose, Esteve, Maria, Lacoma, Alicia, Latorre, Irene, Molina, Gemma, Molina, Barbara, Rosell, Antoni, Vidal, Sandra, Barrera, Lydia, Bustos, Natalia, Calderón, Ines Portillo, Campos, David Gutierrez, Carretero, Jose Manuel, Castellano, Angel Dominguez, Compagnone, Renato, Ramirez de Arellano, Encarnacion, Serna, Almudena de la, Dolores del Toro Lopez, Maria, Clement Espindola, Marie-Alix, Martin Gutierrez, Ana Belen, Hernandez, Alvaro Pascual, Jiménez, Virginia Palomo, Moreno, Elisa, Navarrete, Nicolas, Paño, Teresa Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Tristán, Enriqueta, Rios Villegas, Maria Jose, Garces, Atsegiñe Canga, Amo, Erika Castro, Guerrero, Raquel Coya, Goikoetxea, Josune, Jorge, Leticia, Perez, Cristina, Fariñas Álvarez, María Carmen, Cuadra, Manuel Gutierrez, Arnaiz de las Revillas Almajano, Francisco, Garcia, Pilar Bohedo, Poderos, Teresa Giménez, Rico, Claudia González, Sanchez, Blanca, Valero, Olga, Vega, Noelia, Campbell, John, Barnes, Anna, Catterick, Helen, Cranston, Tim, Dawe, Phoebe, Fletcher, Emily, Fouracre, Liam, Gifford, Alison, Kirkwood, John, Martin, Christopher, McAnew, Amy, Mitchell, Marcus, Newman, Georgina, O’Connell, Abby, Onysk, Jakob, Quinn, Lynne, Rhodes, Shelley, Stone, Samuel, Symons, Lorrie, Tripp, Harry, Warris, Adilia, Watkins, Darcy, Whale, Bethany, Harding, Alex, Lockhart, Gemma, Sidaway-Lee, Kate, Hilton, Sam, Manton, Sarah, Webber-Rookes, Daniel, Winder, Rachel, Moore, James, Bateman, Freya, Gibbons, Michael, Knight, Bridget, Moss, Julie, Statton, Sarah, Studham, Josephine, Hall, Lydia, Moyle, Will, Venton, Tamsin, Messina, Nicole L., Grubor-Bauk, Branka, Lynn, David J., Perrett, Kirsten P., Pittet, Laure F., Rudraraju, Rajeev, Stevens, Natalie E., and Subbarao, Kanta

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Minimal overall divergence of the gut microbiome in an adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes despite potential adaptive enrichment for scale-eating

Author

Heras, Joseph and Martin, Christopher H

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Animals, Bacteria, Cellulose, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Genetic Speciation, Killifishes, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Adaptive radiations offer an excellent opportunity to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of gut microbiota and host niche specialization. In a laboratory common garden, we compared the gut microbiota of two novel derived trophic specialist pupfishes, a scale-eater and a molluscivore, to closely related and distant outgroup generalist populations, spanning both rapid trophic evolution within 10 kya and stable generalist diets persisting over 11 Mya. We predicted an adaptive and highly divergent microbiome composition in the trophic specialists reflecting their rapid rates of craniofacial and behavioral diversification. We sequenced 16S rRNA amplicons of gut microbiomes from lab-reared adult pupfishes raised under identical conditions and fed the same high protein diet. In contrast to our predictions, gut microbiota largely reflected phylogenetic distance among species, rather than generalist or specialist life history, in support of phylosymbiosis. However, we did find significant enrichment of Burkholderiaceae bacteria in replicated lab-reared scale-eater populations. These bacteria sometimes digest collagen, the major component of fish scales, supporting an adaptive shift. We also found some enrichment of Rhodobacteraceae and Planctomycetia in lab-reared molluscivore populations, but these bacteria target cellulose. Overall phylogenetic conservation of microbiome composition contrasts with predictions of adaptive radiation theory and observations of rapid diversification in all other trophic traits in these hosts, including craniofacial morphology, foraging behavior, aggression, and gene expression, suggesting that the functional role of these minor shifts in microbiota will be important for understanding the role of the microbiome in trophic diversification.

Published
2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results