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2. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

Author

Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Enquist, Brian J, Maitner, Brian S, Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S, Giroldo, Aelton B, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan JB, Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H, Martin, Adam R, Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T, Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J, Robroek, Bjorn JM, Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, Ênio E, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M, van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, and Ordonez, Alejandro

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Humans, Phylogeny, Magnoliopsida, Climate Change, Biodiversity
Abstract

As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.

Published
2023

3. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author

Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Maitner, Brian S, Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S, Giroldo, Aelton B, Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan JB, Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H, Martin, Adam R, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T, Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn JM, Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J, Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J, and Svenning, Jens-Christian

Subjects
Life on Land, Anthropogenic Effects, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Humans, Phylogeny, Trees, biodiversity, conservation frameworks, land use, protected areas, tree species
Abstract

Safeguarding Earth's tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species' range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species' range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.

Published
2022

6. Dimensions of invasiveness : Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe’s alien and native floras

Author

Fristoe, Trevor S., Chytrý, Milan, Dawson, Wayne, Essl, Franz, Heleno, Ruben, Kreft, Holger, Maurel, Noëlie, Pergl, Jan, Pyšek, Petr, Seebens, Hanno, Weigelt, Patrick, Vargas, Pablo, Yang, Qiang, Attorre, Fabio, Bergmeier, Erwin, Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Biurrun, Idoia, Boch, Steffen, Bonari, Gianmaria, Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Čarni, Andraž, Carranza, Maria Laura, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarellia, Daniela, Ćušterevskab, Renata, de Rondec, Iris, Dengler, Jürgen, Golub, Valentin, Haveman, Rense, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Kuzemko, Anna, Küzmič, Filip, Lenoir, Jonathan, Macanović, Armin, Marcenò, Corrado, Martin, Adam R., Michaletz, Sean T., Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Peterka, Tomáš, Pielech, Remigiusz, Rašomavičius, Valerijus, Rūsiņa, Solvita, Dias, Arildo S., Šibíková, Mária, Šilc, Urban, Stanisci, Angela, Jansen, Steven, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Swacha, Grzegorz, van der Plas, Fons, Vassilev, Kiril, and van Kleunen, Mark

Published
2021

30. Variation in carbon and nitrogen concentration among major woody tissue types in temperate trees

Author

Martin, Adam R., Gezahegn, Sossina, and Thomas, Sean C.

Subjects
Nitrogen (Chemical element) -- Research, Plant biochemistry -- Research, Forest carbon -- Research, Deciduous forests -- Chemical properties, Wood chemicals -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Quantifying variation in the wood chemical traits of trees is critical for parameterizing forest biogeochemical budgets and models. Available data on wood chemical traits are based largely on samples taken from main stems; few studies have evaluated how wood chemical traits vary among major woody tissue types. We examined variation in wood carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in 17 temperate tree species across five woody tissue types: sapwood, heartwood, small branches, coarse roots, and bark; analyses were corrected for losses of volatile C. Both C and N varied significantly among tissue types, but differences were driven mainly by high C and N in bark, a pattern observed for nearly all species. Among nonbark tissue types, bivariate correlations among sapwood, heartwood, small branches, and coarse roots were highly significant and positive for wood C (r = 0.88-0.98) and N (r =0.66-0.95) concentrations. We suggest that intraspecific variation in C across tissue types is less important than interspecific variation for assessment and modeling of forest-level C dynamics. In contrast, differences in N among tissue types were larger and appeared to be more important to incorporate into forest-level nutrient assessments and models. Our results suggest that, with the exception of bark, wood chemical trait values derived from stemwood can be used to accurately represent whole-tree trait values in models of forest C and N stocks and fluxes, at least for temperate species. Key words: carbon, nitrogen, hardwood, softwood, wood trait. Il est essentiel de quantifier la variation des caracteristiques chimiques du bois pour parametrer les modeles et les bilans biogeochimiques de la foret. Les donnees disponibles sur les caracteristiques chimiques du bois proviennent en grande partie d'echantillons preleves sur la tige principale. Peu d'etudes ont evalue de quelle facon les caracteristiques chimiques du bois varient parmi les principaux types de tissus ligneux. Nous avons examine la variation des concentrations de carbone (C) et d'azote (N) dans le bois de 17 especes d'arbre des forets temperees parmi cinq types de tissus ligneux: bois d'aubier, bois de creur, petites branches, grosses racines et ecorce; les analyses corrigeaient pour les pertes de C volatile. Le C et N variaient de facon significative parmi les types de tissus mais les differences etaient surtout dues aux concentrations elevees de C et N dans l'ecorce, une situation observee chez presque toutes les especes. Parmi les tissus autres que l'ecorce, les correlations bivariees entre le bois d'aubier, le bois de creur, les branches et les racines etaient tres significatives et positives pour les concentrations de C (r = 0,88-0,98) et de N (r = 0,66-0,95) dans le bois. Nous croyons que la variation interspecifique du C parmi les types de tissus est moins importante que la variation interspecifique du C pour l'evaluation et la modelisation de la dynamique du niveau de C dans les forets. A l'inverse, dans le cas de N les differences entre les types de tissus etaient plus grandes et il semblait plus important de les incorporer dans les modeles et les evaluations du niveau de nutriments dans les forets. Nos resultats indiquent qu'a l'exception de l'ecorce, la valeur des caracteristiques chimiques du bois determinee dans le bois de la tige peut etre utilisee pour representer avec precision la valeur des caracteristiques de l'arbre entier dans les modeles de reservoirs et de flux de C et N dans les forets, du moins chez les especes des forets temperees. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: carbone, azote, bois de feuillu, bois de resineux, caracteristique du bois., Introduction Ecologists have considerable interest in quantifying, analyzing, and interpreting the causes and consequences of variation in plant functional traits among co-occurring species (McGill et al. 2006; Westoby and Wright [...]

Published
2015
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31. influence of biofertilizers on leaf economics spectrum traits in a herbaceous crop.

Author

Martin, Adam R, Mariani, Rachel O, Quadros, Patricia Dörr de, and Fulthorpe, Roberta R

Subjects
*BIOFERTILIZERS, *BASIL, *PHOTOSYNTHETIC rates, *PLANT performance, *SUSTAINABLE agriculture, *CROPS, *HYDROPONICS
Abstract

Microbial inoculations or 'biofertilizers' represent novel contributions to sustainable agriculture. While belowground mechanisms surrounding how biofertilizers enhance crop production are well described, their role in aboveground trait expression remains less well explored. We quantified infraspecific variation in leaf economics spectrum (LES) traits in response to 10 biofertilizer treatments in basil (Ocimum basiclicum) cultivated under hydroponic conditions. Multiple physiological (i.e. maximum photosynthesis rates (A), dark respiration (R), and leaf-level light compensation points) and morphological (i.e. leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf thickness) traits varied significantly across microbial treatments. Following treatments, basil plants differentiated from one another along an infraspecific LES, with certain plants expressing more resource-acquiring LES trait values (i.e. high A , R , leaf N, and low LMA), versus others that expressed the opposite suite of resource-conserving LES trait values. Infraspecific trait covariation largely matched LES patterns observed among plants globally. Bivariate and multivariate trait analyses further revealed that certain treatments—namely those including closely related Bacillus and Brevibacillus species strains—increased leaf resource capture traits such as A and leaf N. Biofertilizers influence plant performance through a role in moderating infraspecific leaf trait variation, thereby suggesting aboveground leaf traits may be used to diagnose optimal biofertilizer formulations in basil and other crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Dimensions of invasiveness: Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe & rsquo;s alien and native floras

Author

Fristoe, Trevor S., Chytrý, Milan, Dawson, Wayne, Essl, Franz, Heleno, Ruben, Kreft, Holger, Maurel, Noëlie, Pergl, Jan, Pyšek, Petr, Seebens, Hanno, Weigelt, Patrick, Vargas, Pablo, Yang, Qiang, Attorre, Fabio, Bergmeier, Erwin, Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Biurrun, Idoia, Boch, Steffen, Bonari, Gianmaria, Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Čarni, Andraz, Carranza, Maria Laura, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Ćušterevska, Renata, de Ronde, Iris, Dengler, Jurgen, Golub, Valentin, Haveman, Rense, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Kuzemko, Anna, Küzmič, Filip, Lenoir, Jonathan, Macanović, Armin, Marcenò, Corrado, Martin, Adam R., Michaletz, Sean T., Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Peterka, Tomáš, Pielech, Remigiusz, Rašomavičius, Valerijus, Rūsiņa, Solvita, Dias, Arildo S., Šibíková, Mária, Šilc, Urban, Stanisci, Angela, Jansen, Steven, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Swacha, Grzegorz, van der Plas, Fons, Vassilev, Kiril, and van Kleunen, Mark

Subjects
enemy release, leaf economic spectrum, distribution-abundance relationship, invasion success, forms of rarity
Abstract

Understanding drivers of success for alien species can inform on potential future invasions. Recent conceptual advances highlight that species may achieve invasiveness via performance along at least three distinct dimensions: 1) local abundance, 2) geographic range size, and 3) habitat breadth in naturalized distributions. Associations among these dimensions and the factors that determine success in each have yet to be assessed at large geographic scales. Here, we combine data from over one million vegetation plots covering the extent of Europe and its habitat diversity with databases on species’ distributions, traits, and historical origins to provide a comprehensive assessment of invasiveness dimensions for the European alien seed plant flora. Invasiveness dimensions are linked in alien distributions, leading to a continuum from overall poor invaders to super invaders—abundant, widespread aliens that invade diverse habitats. This pattern echoes relationships among analogous dimensions measured for native European species. Success along invasiveness dimensions was associated with details of alien species’ introduction histories: earlier introduction dates were positively associated with all three dimensions, and consistent with theory-based expectations, species originating from other continents, particularly acquisitive growth strategists, were among the most successful invaders in Europe. Despite general correlations among invasiveness dimensions, we identified habitats and traits associated with atypical patterns of success in only one or two dimensions—for example, the role of disturbed habitats in facilitating widespread specialists. We conclude that considering invasiveness within a multidimensional framework can provide insights into invasion processes while also informing general understanding of the dynamics of species distributions.

Published
2021

35. Monitoreo de servicios ecosistémicos en un observatorio de cafetales agroforestales. Recomendaciones para el sector cafetalero

Author

Roupsard, Olivier, Allinne, Clémentine, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Vaast, Philippe, Rapidel, Bruno, Avelino, Jacques, Jourdan, Christophe, Le Maire, Guerric, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Harmand, Jean-Michel, Dauzat, Jean, Albrecht, Alain, Chevallier, Tiphaine, Barthès, Bernard, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Gómez-Delgado, Federico, Charbonnier, Fabien, Benegas, Laura, Welsh, Kristen, Kinoshita, Rintaro, Vezy, Rémi, Pérez-Molina, Junior Pastor, Kim, John, Taugourdeau, Simon, Defrenet, Elsa, Nespoulous, Jérôme, Rançon, Florian, Guidat, Florian, Cambou, Aurélie, Soma, Maxime, Mages, Carolin, Schnabel, Florian, Prieto, Iván, Picart, Delphine, Duthoit, Maxime, Rocheteau, Alain, Do, Frédéric C., de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, Moussa, Rachida, Le Bissonnais, Yves, Valentin, Christian, Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo, Roumet, Catherine, Stokes, Alexia, Vierling, Lee A., Eitel, Jan U.H., Dreyer, Erwin, Saint-André, Laurent, Malmer, Anders, Loustau, Denis, Isaac, Marney E., Martin, Adam R., Priemé, Anders, Eberling, Bo, Madsen, Mikael, Robelo, Alfonso, Robelo, Diego, Borgonovo, Carlos, Lehner, Peter, Ramirez, Guillermo, Jara, Manuel, Acuna Vargas, Rafael, Barquero, Alejandra, Fonseca, Carlos, and Gay, Frédéric

Abstract

Ocho años de estudio de la ecofisiología del café, a través de experimentación y de modelación y el monitoreo de los servicios del ecosistema (SE) en una gran finca cafetalera en Costa Rica, revelaron varias recomendaciones prácticas para los agricultores y los formuladores de políticas. El sistema de cultivo estudiado dentro de nuestro observatorio colaborativo (Coffee-Flux), corresponde a un sistema agroforestal (SAF) a base de café bajo la sombra de grandes árboles de Erythrina poeppigiana (16% de la cubierta del dosel). Una gran cantidad de SE y limitantes dependen de las propiedades locales del suelo (en este caso Andisoles), especialmente de la erosión/infiltración, el agua/carbono y la capacidad de almacenamiento de nutrientes. Por lo tanto, para la evaluación de SE, el tipo de suelo es crucial. Una densidad adecuada de árboles de sombra (bastante baja aquí por la condición de libre crecimiento), redujo la severidad de las enfermedades de las hojas con la posibilidad de reducir el uso de plaguicidas y fungicidas. Un inventario simple del área basal en el collar de las plantas de café permitió estimar la biomasa subterránea y la edad promedio de la plantación, para juzgar su valor de mercado y decidir cuándo reemplazarla. Las fincas de café probablemente estén mucho más cerca de la neutralidad de C que lo indicado en el protocolo actual de C-neutralidad, que solo considera árboles de sombra, no los cafetos ni el suelo. Se proponen evaluaciones más completas, que ncluyen árboles, café, hojarasca, suelo y raíces en el balance C del SAF. Los árboles de sombra ofrecen muchos SE si se gestionan adecuadamente en el contexto local. En comparación con las condiciones a pleno sol, los árboles de sombra pueden (i) reducir la erosión laminar en un factor de 2; (ii) aumentar la fijación de N y el % de N reciclado en el sistema, reduciendo así los requisitos de fertilizantes; (iii) reducir la severidad de enfermedades de las hojas; (iv) aumentar el secuestro de C; (v) mejorar el microclima y (vi) reducir sustancialmente los efectos del cambio climático. En nuestro estudio de caso, no se encontró ningún efecto negativo sobre el rendimiento del café.

Published
2021

36. A field intercomparison of three passive air samplers for gaseous mercury in ambient air

Author

Naccarato, Attilio, primary, Tassone, Antonella, additional, Martino, Maria, additional, Moretti, Sacha, additional, Macagnano, Antonella, additional, Zampetti, Emiliano, additional, Papa, Paolo, additional, Avossa, Joshua, additional, Pirrone, Nicola, additional, Nerentorp, Michelle, additional, Munthe, John, additional, Wängberg, Ingvar, additional, Stupple, Geoff W., additional, Mitchell, Carl P. J., additional, Martin, Adam R., additional, Steffen, Alexandra, additional, Babi, Diana, additional, Prestbo, Eric M., additional, Sprovieri, Francesca, additional, and Wania, Frank, additional

Published
2021
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41. Intraspecific leaf functional trait variation and foliar disease in agroecosystems

Author

Gagliardi, Stephanie, Avelino, Jacques, Martin, Adam R., and Isaac, Marney E.

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages
Abstract

Background/Question/Methods: Quantifying intraspecific functional trait variation of crops provides an understanding of how plants respond to environmental stimuli and in turn influence agroecosystem functioning. Recent research has advanced our understanding surrounding the soil and climatic drivers of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in crops. However, little research to date has tracked how leaf ITV influences plant susceptibility to foliar disease. While many studies on foliar disease focus on the biochemical responses to pathogens, this study examines the interacting role of leaf ITV in foliar disease severity at a plant-scale. Using Coffea arabica as a model species, we quantified coffee leaf rust (CLR) severity – a fungal disease prominent in coffee systems – and measured key coffee leaf functional traits under contrasting but widespread management conditions in a biodiverse agroecosystem. Results/Conclusions: Coffee leaf traits expressed significant ITV, with coefficients of variation ranging from 10.3- 57.7% across 173 plants. Trait variability was most strongly linked with the canopy stratum in which leaves were positioned. Within the middle stratum, leaves had the highest CLR severity along with lower values of traits related to leaf structural investment (e.g. lower leaf mass area, lower leaf dry matter content, lower carbon to nitrogen ratio). These results represent among the first lines of evidence indicating that crop ITV plays a role in mediating disease severity in agroecosystems. In doing so our work advances not only our understanding of the ecology of a major crop pathogen, but also indicates that plant ITV plays a key role in governing plant-pathogen interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.

Published
2020

42. A field intercomparison of three passive air samplers for gaseous mercury in ambient air

Author

Naccarato, Attilio, primary, Tassone, Antonella, additional, Martino, Maria, additional, Moretti, Sacha, additional, Macagnano, Antonella, additional, Zampetti, Emiliano, additional, Papa, Paolo, additional, Avossa, Joshua, additional, Pirrone, Nicola, additional, Nerentorp, Michelle, additional, Munthe, John, additional, Wängberg, Ingvar, additional, Stupple, Geoff W., additional, Mitchell, Carl P. J., additional, Martin, Adam R., additional, Steffen, Alexandra, additional, Babi, Diana, additional, Prestbo, Eric M., additional, Sprovieri, Francesca, additional, and Wania, Frank, additional

Published
2020
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43. Supplementary material to "A field intercomparison of three passive air samplers for gaseous mercury in ambient air"

Author

Naccarato, Attilio, primary, Tassone, Antonella, additional, Martino, Maria, additional, Moretti, Sacha, additional, Macagnano, Antonella, additional, Zampetti, Emiliano, additional, Papa, Paolo, additional, Avossa, Joshua, additional, Pirrone, Nicola, additional, Nerentorp, Michelle, additional, Munthe, John, additional, Wängberg, Ingvar, additional, Stupple, Geoff W., additional, Mitchell, Carl P. J., additional, Martin, Adam R., additional, Steffen, Alexandra, additional, Babi, Diana, additional, Prestbo, Eric M., additional, Sprovieri, Francesca, additional, and Wania, Frank, additional

Published
2020
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44. Quaternary climate change explains global patterns of tree beta-diversity

Author

Xu, Wu-Bing, primary, Guo, Wen-Yong, additional, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., additional, Schrodt, Franziska, additional, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., additional, Enquist, Brian J., additional, Maitner, Brian S., additional, Merow, Cory, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, Anand, Madhur, additional, Belluau, Michaël, additional, Bruun, Hans Henrik, additional, Byun, Chaeho, additional, Catford, Jane A., additional, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., additional, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, additional, Ciccarelli, Daniela, additional, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., additional, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, additional, Frutos, Angel de, additional, Dias, Arildo S., additional, Giroldo, Aelton B., additional, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., additional, Hattingh, Wesley, additional, He, Tianhua, additional, Hietz, Peter, additional, Hough-Snee, Nate, additional, Jansen, Steven, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Komac, Benjamin, additional, Kraft, Nathan, additional, Kramer, Koen, additional, Lavorel, Sandra, additional, Lusk, Christopher H., additional, Martin, Adam R., additional, Ma, Ke-Ping, additional, Mencuccini, Maurizio, additional, Michaletz, Sean T., additional, Minden, Vanessa, additional, Mori, Akira S., additional, Niinemets, Ülo, additional, Onoda, Yusuke, additional, Onstein, Renske E., additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Pillar, Valério D., additional, Pisek, Jan, additional, Pound, Matthew J., additional, Robroek, Bjorn J.M., additional, Schamp, Brandon, additional, Slot, Martijn, additional, Sosinski, Ênio, additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., additional, Thiffault, Nelson, additional, van Bodegom, Peter, additional, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Zheng, Jingming, additional, Svenning, Jens-Christian, additional, and Ordonez, Alejandro, additional

Published
2020
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46. Paleoclimate and current climate collectively shape the phylogenetic and functional diversity of trees worldwide

Author

Guo, Wen-Yong, primary, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., additional, Schrodt, Franziska, additional, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., additional, Maitner, Brian S., additional, Merow, Cory, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, additional, Zhang, Jian, additional, Anand, Madhur, additional, Belluau, Michaël, additional, Bruun, Hans Henrik, additional, Byun, Chaeho, additional, Catford, Jane A., additional, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., additional, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, additional, Ciccarelli, Daniela, additional, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., additional, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, additional, de Frutos, Angel, additional, Dias, Arildo S., additional, Giroldo, Aelton B., additional, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., additional, Hattingh, Wesley, additional, He, Tianhua, additional, Hietz, Peter, additional, Hough-Snee, Nate, additional, Jansen, Steven, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Klein, Tamir, additional, Komac, Benjamin, additional, Kraft, Nathan, additional, Kramer, Koen, additional, Lavorel, Sandra, additional, Lusk, Christopher H., additional, Martin, Adam R., additional, Mencuccini, Maurizio, additional, Michaletz, Sean T., additional, Minden, Vanessa, additional, Mori, Akira S., additional, Niinemets, Ülo, additional, Onoda, Yusuke, additional, Onstein, Renske E., additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Pillar, Valério D., additional, Pisek, Jan, additional, Pound, Matthew J., additional, Robroek, Bjorn J.M., additional, Schamp, Brandon, additional, Slot, Martijn, additional, Sosinski, Ênio, additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., additional, Thiffault, Nelson, additional, van Bodegom, Peter, additional, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Wright, Ian J., additional, Zheng, Jingming, additional, Enquist, Brian J., additional, and Svenning, Jens-Christian, additional

Published
2020
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48. Half of the world’s tree biodiversity is unprotected and is increasingly threatened by human activities

Author

Guo, Wen-Yong, primary, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., additional, Schrodt, Franziska, additional, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., additional, Maitner, Brian S., additional, Merow, Cory, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, Anand, Madhur, additional, Belluau, Michaël, additional, Bruun, Hans Henrik, additional, Byun, Chaeho, additional, Catford, Jane A., additional, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., additional, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, additional, Ciccarelli, Daniela, additional, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., additional, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, additional, de Frutos, Angel, additional, Dias, Arildo S., additional, Giroldo, Aelton B., additional, Guo, Kun, additional, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., additional, Hattingh, Wesley, additional, He, Tianhua, additional, Hietz, Peter, additional, Hough-Snee, Nate, additional, Jansen, Steven, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Klein, Tamir, additional, Komac, Benjamin, additional, Kraft, Nathan, additional, Kramer, Koen, additional, Lavorel, Sandra, additional, Lusk, Christopher H., additional, Martin, Adam R., additional, Mencuccini, Maurizio, additional, Michaletz, Sean T., additional, Minden, Vanessa, additional, Mori, Akira S., additional, Niinemets, Ülo, additional, Onoda, Yusuke, additional, Onstein, Renske E., additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Pillar, Valério D., additional, Pisek, Jan, additional, Robroek, Bjorn J.M., additional, Schamp, Brandon, additional, Slot, Martjin, additional, Sosinski, Ênio, additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., additional, Thiffault, Nelson, additional, van Bodegom, Peter, additional, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Wright, Ian J., additional, Xu, Wu-Bing, additional, Zheng, Jingming, additional, Enquist, Brian J., additional, and Svenning, Jens-Christian, additional

Published
2020
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50. Suivi des services écosystémiques dans un observatoire de caféiers agroforestiers. Applications pour la filière du café

Author

Olivier Roupsard, Clementine Allinne, Karel van den Meersche, Philippe Vaast, Bruno Rapidel, Jacques Avelino, Christophe Jourdan, Guerric Le Maire, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Jean-Michel Harmand, Jean Dauzat, Alain Albrecht, Tiphaine Chevallier, Bernard Barthès, Anne Clément-Vidal, Federico Gomez Delgado, Fabien Charbonnier, Laura Benegas, Kristen Welsh, Rintaro Kinoshita, Rémi Vezy, Junior Pastor Pérez-Molina, Simon Taugourdeau, Elsa Defrenet, Jérome Nespoulous, Florian Rançon, Florian Guidat, Aurelie Cambou, Maxime Soma, Carolin Mages, Florian Schnabel, Ivan Prieto, Delphine Picart, Maxime Duthoit, Alain Rocheteau, Do, Frédéric C., Elias de Melo Virginio Filho, Rachida Moussa, Yves Le Bissonnais, Christian Valentin, Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo, Catherine Roumet, Alexia Stokes, Vierling, Lee A., Eitel, Jan U. H., Erwin Dreyer, Laurent Saint-André, Anders Malmer, Denis Loustau, Isaac, Marney E., Martin, Adam R., Anders Prieme, Bo Elberling, Mikael Madsen, Alfonso Robelo, Diego Robelo, Carlos Borgonovo, Peter Lehner, Guillermo Ramírez, Manuel Jara, Acuna Vargas, R., Alejandra Barquero, Carlos Fonseca, Frédéric Gay, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bioagresseurs, analyse et maîtrise du risque (UPR Bioagresseurs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Cornell University [New York], Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Direction des Ressources Humaines et du Développement Durable, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Toronto, Cafetalera Aquiares, Instituto del café de Costa Rica (ICAFE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Direction des Ressources Humaines et du Développement Durable (DRHDD), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Huit ans de travaux de recherche sur les services écosystémiques dans une grande ferme caféière du Costa Rica (observatoire collaboratif Coffee-Flux, en système agroforestier à base de caféiers sous de grands arbres d'Erythrina poeppigiana, surface projetée de couronne de l'ordre de 16 %) ont suggéré plusieurs applications pour les agriculteurs et les décideurs. Il est apparu que de nombreux services écosystémiques dépendaient des propriétés du sol (ici des Andisols), en particulier de l'érosion, de l'infiltration, de la capacité de stockage de l'eau et des éléments nutritifs. Nous confirmons qu'il est essentiel de lier les services hydrologiques et de conservation au type de sol en présence. Une densité adéquate d'arbres d'ombrage (plutôt faible ici) permet de réduire la sévérité des maladies foliaires avec, en perspective, une réduction de l'usage de pesticides-fongicides. Un simple inventaire de la surface basale au collet des caféiers permet d'estimer la biomasse souterraine et la moyenne d'âge d'une plantation de caféiers, ce qui permet d'évaluer sa valeur marchande ou de planifier son remplacement. Le protocole de calcul actuel pour la neutralité carbone des systèmes agroforestiers ne prend en compte que les arbres d'ombrage, pas la culture intercalaire. Dans la réalité, si on inclut les caféiers, on se rapproche très probablement de la neutralité. Des évaluations plus complètes, incluant les arbres, les caféiers, la litière, le sol et les racines dans le bilan en carbone du système agroforestier sont proposées. Les arbres d'ombrage offrent de nombreux servies écosystémiques s'ils sont gérés de manière adéquate dans le contexte local. Par rapport aux parcelles en plein soleil, nous montrons qu'ils réduisent l'érosion laminaire d'un facteur 2, augmentent la fixation de l'azote (N2) atmosphérique et le pourcentage d'azote recyclé dans le système, réduisant ainsi les besoins en engrais. Ils réduisent aussi la sévérité des maladies foliaires, augmentent la séquestration de carbone, améliorent le microclimat et atténuent substantiellement les effets des changements climatiques. Dans notre étude de cas, aucun effet négatif sur le rendement n'a été enregistré., Eight years of studying coffee ecophysiology and monitoring ecosystem services (ES) in a large coffee farm in Costa Rica revealed several practical recommendations for farmers and policy makers. The cropping system studied within our collaborative observatory (Coffee-Flux) corresponds to a coffee-based agroforestry system (AFS) under the shade of large trees of Erythrina poeppigiana (16 % of canopy cover). A lot of ES and disservices depend on local soil properties (here Andisols), especially erosion/infiltration, water/carbon and nutrient storage capacity. Therefore, for ES assessment, the type of soil is crucial. An adequate density of shade trees (rather low here) reduced the severity of leaf diseases with the prospect of reducing pesticide-fungicide use. A simple inventory of the basal area at collar of the coffee plants allowed estimating the belowground biomass and the average age of the plantation, to judge of its market value and to decide when to replace it. Coffee farms are probably much closer to C neutrality than predicted by the current C-Neutral protocol, which only considers shade trees. More comprehensive assessments, including trees, coffee, litter, soil, and roots in the C balance of the AFS are proposed. Shade trees offer many ES if they are adequately managed in the local context. As compared to full sun conditions, shade trees may (i) reduce laminar erosion by a factor of 2, (ii) increase N2 fixation and the % of N recycled into the system, thus reducing fertilizer requirements, (iii) reduce the severity of leaf diseases, (iv) increase C sequestration, (v) improve the microclimate, and (vi) substantially reduce the effects of climate change. In our case study, no negative effect on coffee yield was found.

Published
2019

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