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2. Gripforce reduction in children with an upper neonatal brachial plexus palsy

Author

Sophia M. Buitenhuis, Willem Pondaag, Ron Wolterbeek, and Martijn J.A. Malessy

Subjects
neonatal brachial plexus palsy, sensibility, dominant hand, gripforce, external rotation, dexterity, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Objective: To assess gripforce in children with a C5 and C6 neonatal brachial plexus palsy, as it may affect hand use. Applying classic innervation patterns, gripforce should not be affected, as hand function is not innervated by C5 or C6. This study compares gripforce in children with a neonatal brachial plexus palsy with that in a healthy control group, and assesses correlations with hand sensibility, bimanual use and external rotation. Methods: A total of 50 children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (mean age 9.8 years) and 25 controls (mean age 9.6 years) were investigated. Nerve surgery had been performed in 30 children, and 20 children had been treated conservatively. Gripforce of both hands was assessed using a Jamar dynamometer. Sensibility of the hands was assessed with 2-point discrimination and Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. External rotation was assessed using the Mallet score. Bimanual use was measured by using 1 of 3 dexterity items of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. The affected side of the neonatal brachial plexus palsy group was compared with the non-dominant hand of the control group using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), χ2 and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: The mean gripforce of the affected non-dominant hand of children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy was reduced compared with healthy controls (95 N and 123 N, respectively, with p = 0.001). The mean gripforce of the non-dominant hand in the control group was 92% of that of the dominant hand, while it was only 76% in the neonatal brachial plexus palsy group (p = 0.04). There was no relationship between gripforce reduction and sensibility, bimanual use or shoulder external rotation. Discussion: The gripforce in neonatal brachial plexus palsy infants with a C5 and C6 lesion is lower than that of healthy controls, although classic interpretation of upper limb innervation excludes this finding. The reduction in gripforce in upper neonatal brachial plexus palsy lesions is not widely appreciated as a factor inherently compromising hand use. The reduction in gripforce should be taken into consideration in planning the type of rehabilitation and future activities.

Published
2021
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3. Gene therapy and peripheral nerve repair: a perspective

Author

Stefan A. Hoyng, Fred eDe Winter, Martijn R. Tannemaat, Bas eBlits, Martijn J.A. Malessy, and Joost eVerhaagen

Subjects
Gene Therapy, Neurosurgery, Schwann cell, Lentiviral vector, Adeno-associated viral vector, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Clinical phase I/II studies have demonstrated the safety of gene therapy for a variety of central nervous system disorders, including Canavan’s, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, retinal diseases and pain. The majority of gene therapy studies in the CNS have used adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) and the first AAV-based therapeutic, a vector encoding lipoprotein lipase, is now marketed in Europe under the name Glybera. These remarkable advances may become relevant to translational research on gene therapy to promote peripheral nervous system (PNS) repair. This short review first summarizes the results of gene therapy in animal models for peripheral nerve repair. Secondly, we identify key areas of future research in the domain of PNS-gene therapy. Finally, a perspective is provided on the path to clinical translation of PNS gene therapy for traumatic nerve injuries. In the latter section we discuss the route and mode of delivery of the vector to human patients, the efficacy and safety of the vector, and the choice of the patient population for a first possible proof-of-concept clinical study.

Published
2015
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4. Tactile Perception of the Hand in Children With an Upper Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy

Author

Sonja M. Buitenhuis, Willem Pondaag, Ron Wolterbeek, and Martijn J.A. Malessy

Subjects
Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Abstract

To investigate factors that cause impairment of hand function in children with an upper Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (NBPP), we performed an in-depth analysis of tactile hand sensibility, especially the ability to correctly localise a sensory stimulus on their fingers.A cross-sectional investigation of children with NBPP, compared to healthy controls. The thickest Semmes-Weinstein (SW) monofilament was pressed on the radial or ulnar part of each fingertip (10 regions), while a screen prevented seeing the hand.Tertiary referral centre for nerve lesions in an academic hospital in The Netherlands. The control group was recruited at their school.41 children with NBPP (mean age 10.0 y) and 25 controls (mean age 9.5 y) INTERVENTIONS: N.A.Correct localization of the applied stimuli was evaluated, per region, per finger and per dermatome with a test score. The affected side of the NBPP group was compared with the non-dominant hand of the controls.The ability to localize stimuli on the tips of the fingers in children with an upper NBPP was significantly diminished in all fingers, except for the little finger, as compared to healthy controls. Mean localisation scores were 6.6 (thumb) and 6.3 (index finger) in the NBPP group and 7.6 in both fingers for controls (maximum score possible is 8.0). Localization scores were significant lower in regions attributed to dermatomes C6 (p0.001) and C7 (p = 0.001), but not to C8 (p = 0.115).Children with an upper NBPP showed a diminished and incorrect ability to localize sensory stimuli to their fingers. This finding is likely one of the factors underlying the impairment of hand function and should be addressed with sensory focussed therapy.

Published
2022
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6. Contributors

Author

Frank L. Acosta, P. David Adelson, John R. Adler, ., Kamran V. Aghayev, Manish K. Aghi, Basheal M. Agrawal, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Faiz Ahmad, Ellen Air, Pablo Ajler, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Arun P. Amar, Luca Amendola, Christopher Ames, Beejal Y. Amin, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Joshua M. Ammerman, William S. Anderson, Ronald I. Apfelbaum, Michael L.J. Apuzzo, Rocco Armonda, Paul M. Arnold, Harel Arzi, Ashok R. Asthagiri, Kurtis Auguste, Tariq E. Awad, Khaled M. Aziz, Tipu Aziz, Joachim M. Baehring, Mirza N. Baig, Roy Bakay, Perry A. Ball, Stefano Bandiera, Nicholas M. Barbaro, Frederick G. Barker, Daniel L. Barrow, Sachin Batra, Joshua Bederson, Kimon Bekelis, Carlo Bellabarba, Lorenzo Bello, Allan J. Belzberg, Bernard R. Bendok, Ludwig Benes, Edward C. Benzel, Helmut Bertalanffy, Chetan Bettegowda, Ravi Bhatia, Sanjay Bhatia, Allen T. Bishop, Keith L. Black, Lewis S. Blevins, George T. Blike, Ari Blitz, Göran C. Blomstedt, Benjamin Blondel, Kofi Boahene, Bernardo Boleaga, Markus Bookland, Stefano Boriani, Christopher M. Boxell, Henry Brem, Albino Bricolo, Jason A. Brodkey, Jacques Brotchi, Jeffrey N. Bruce, Michael Bruneau, Bradley R. Buchbinder, Kim J. Burchiel, Timothy G. Burke, Ali Bydon, Francesco Cacciola, Kevin Cahill, Paolo Cappabianca, Anthony J. Caputy, Francesco Cardinale, Ricardo L. Carrau, Benjamin S. Carson, Bob S. Carter, Giuseppe Casaceli, Laura Castana, Gabriel Castillo, Luigi M. Cavallo, C. Michael Cawley, Aabir Chakraborty, Edward F. Chang, Eric C. Chang, Steven D. Chang, Jens R. Chapman, E. Thomas Chappell, Neeraj Chaudhary, Douglas Chen, James Chen, Linda C. Chen, Boyle C. Cheng, Joshua J. Chern, John H. Chi, Wade W. Chien, E. Antonio Chiocca, Rohan Chitale, Bhupal Chitnavis, Lana D. Christiano, Ray M. Chu, Elisa F. Ciceri, Michelle J. Clarke, Alan Cohen, Annamaria Colao, Geoffrey P. Colby, Massimo Collice, Daniel Condit, Alexander L. Coon, Cassius Vinícius Corrêa Dos Reis, G. Rees Cosgrove, Massimo Cossu, William T. Couldwell, William T. Curry, Guilherme Dabus, Teodoro Forcht Dagi, Giuseppe D'Aliberti, Moise Danielpour, Mark J. Dannenbaum, Ronan M. Dardis, Hormuzdiyar H. Dasenbrock, Reza Dashti, Arthur L. Day, John Diaz Day, Vedran Deletis, Ramiro Del-Valle, Franco DeMonte, Francesco Dimeco, Robert Dodd, Francesco Doglietto, Lutz Dörner, Michael J. Dorsi, Gaby D. Doumit, James M. Drake, Doniel Drazin, Rose Du, Thomas B. Ducker, Hugues Duffau, Bradley S. Duhon, Paula Eboli, Mohamed Samy Elhammady, Pamela Ely, Nancy E. Epstein, Kadir Erkmen, Thomas Errico, Emad N. Eskandar, Clifford J. Eskey, Felice Esposito, Camilo E. Fadul, Gilbert J. Fanciullo, Kyle M. Fargen, Gidon Felsen, Dong Xia Feng, Richard G. Fessler, Aaron G. Filler, John C. Flickinger, John R. Floyd, Kevin T. Foley, Kostas N. Fountas, Howard Francis, James L. Frazier, Kai Frerichs, David M. Frim, Sebastien Froelich, Takanori Fukushima, Philippe Gailloud, Sergio Maria Gaini, Chirag D. Gandhi, Dheeraj Gandhi, Gale Gardner, Paul Gardner, Mark Garrett, Tomás Garzón-Muvdi, Alessandro Gasbarrini, Fred H. Geisler, Joseph J. Gemmete, Massimo Gerosa, Atul Goel, Ziya L. Gokaslan, L. Fernando Gonzalez, C. Rory Goodwin, Takeo Goto, Grahame C. Gould, M. Sean Grady, Andrew W. Grande, Ramesh Grandhi, Alexander L. Green, Jeffrey P. Greenfield, Bradley A. Gross, Rachel Grossman, Mari Groves, Gerardo Guinto, Richard Gullan, Gaurav Gupta, Nalin Gupta, Todd C. Hankinson, Ake Hansasuta, James S. Harrop, Griffith R. Harsh, Alia Hdeib, Stefan Heinze, John Heiss, Dieter Hellwig, Juha Hernesniemi, Roberto C. Heros, Todd Hillman, Jose Hinojosa, Girish K. Hiremath, Brian L. Hoh, L. Nelson Hopkins, Wesley Hsu, Yin C. Hu, Jason H. Huang, Judy Huang, Peter J. Hutchinson, Jonathan A. Hyam, Adriana G. Ioachimescu, Pascal M. Jabbour, Juan Jackson, George I. Jallo, Ivo P. Janecka, Mohsen Javadpour, Andrew Jea, Sunil Jeswani, David H. Jho, Diana H. Jho, Hae-Dong Jho, Bowen Jiang, Tae-Young Jung, M. Yashar S. Kalani, Hideyuki Kano, Silloo B. Kapadia, Michael G. Kaplitt, Christoph Kappus, Eftychia Z. Kapsalaki, Yuval Karmon, Amin B. Kassam, Sudhir Kathuria, Takeshi Kawase, Alexander A. Khalessi, Kathleen Khu, Daniel H. Kim, Matthias Kirsch ., Riku Kivisaari, Angelos G. Kolias, Douglas Kondziolka, Marcus C Korinth, Dietmar Krex, Mark D. Krieger, Kartik G. Krishnan, Ajit A. Krishnaney, Maureen Lacy, Santosh D. Lad, Jose Alberto Landeiro, Frederick F. Lang, Shih-Shan Lang, Françoise LaPierre, Paul S. Larson, Michael T. Lawton, Marco Lee, Martin Lehecka, Allan Levi, Elad I. Levy, Robert E. Lieberson, Michael Lim, Ning Lin, Göran Lind, Bengt Linderoth, Timothy Lindley, Antoine Listrat, Charles Y. Liu, James K. Liu, John C. Liu, Giorgio Lo Russo, Christopher M. Loftus, Russell R. Lonser, Daniel C. Lu, Yi Lu, L. Dade Lunsford, M. Mason Macenski, Jaroslaw Maciaczyk, Joseph R. Madsen, Subu N. Magge, Giulio Maira, Martijn J.A. Malessy, David G. Malone, Allen Maniker, Geoffrey T. Manley, Jotham Manwaring, Mitchell Martineau, Robert L. Martuza, Marlon S. Mathews, Nestoras Mathioudakis, Paul McCormick, Michael W. McDermott, Cameron G. McDougall, H. Maximilian Mehdorn, Vivek A. Mehta, Arnold Menezes, Patrick Mertens, Frederic B. Meyer, Matthew K. Mian, Rajiv Midha, Diego San Millán Ruíz, Jonathan Miller, Neil R. Miller, Zaman Mirzadeh, Ganpati Prasad Mishra, Symeon Missios, James B. Mitchell, Alim Mitha, J. Mocco, Abhay Moghekar, Jacques J. Morcos, Chad J. Morgan, John F. Morrison, Henry Moyle, Carrie R. Muh, Debraj Mukherjee, Arya Nabavi, Michael J. Nanaszko, Dipankar Nandi, Raj Narayan, Sabareesh K. Natarajan, Edgar Nathal, Vikram V. Nayar, Audumbar Shantaram Netalkar, C. Benjamin Newman, Trang Nguyen, Laura B. Ngwenya, Antonio Nicolato, Mika Niemelä, Guido Nikkhah, Anitha Nimmagadda, John K. Niparko, Ajay Niranjan, Richard B. North, José María Núñez, W. Jerry Oakes, Christopher S. Ogilvy, Kenji Ohata, Jeffrey G. Ojemann, Steven Ojemann, David O. Okonkwo, Edward H. Oldfield, Brent O'Neill, Nelson M. Oyesiku, Roberto Pallini, Aditya S. Pandey, Dachling Pang, Kyriakos Papadimitriou, José María Pascual, Aman Patel, Anoop P. Patel, Toral R. Patel, Vincenzo Paterno, Rana Patir, Alexandra R. Paul, Sanjay J. Pawar, Richard Penn, Erlick A.C. Pereira, Mick J. Perez-Cruet, Eric C. Peterson, Mark A. Pichelmann, Joseph M. Piepmeier, Marcus O. Pinsker, Lawrence H. Pitts, Rick J. Placide, Willem Pondaag, Kalmon Post, Matthew B. Potts, Lars Poulsgaard, Gustavo Pradilla, Charles J. Prestigiacomo, Daniel M. Prevedello, Ruth Prieto, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, Leonidas M. Quintana, Scott Y. Rahimi, Rudy J. Rahme, Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga, Nathan J. Ranalli, Shaan M. Raza, Pablo F. Recinos, Violette Renard Recinos, Shrikant Rege, Thomas Reithmeier, Katherine Relyea, Daniel Resnick, Daniele Rigamonti, Philippe Rigoard, Jaakko Rinne, Jon H. Robertson, Shimon Rochkind, Jack P. Rock, Rossana Romani, Guy Rosenthal, Robert H. Rosenwasser, Nathan C. Rowland, James T. Rutka, Samuel Ryu, Francesco Sala, Roberto Salvatori, Kari Sammalkorpi, Nader Sanai, Thomas Santarius, Amar Saxena, Gabriele Schackert, Uta Schick, Thomas A. Schildhauer, Alexandra Schmidek, Henry H. Schmidek, Meic H. Schmidt, Paul Schmitt, Johannes Schramm, Joseph Schwab, Theodore H. Schwartz, Patrick Schweder, Daniel M. Sciubba, R. Michael Scott, Raymond F. Sekula, Patrick Senatus, Amjad Shad, Ali Shaibani, Manish S. Sharma, Rewati Raman Sharma, Sameer A. Sheth, Alexander Y. Shin, Ali Shirzadi, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Roberto Leal Silveira, Nathan E. Simmons, Marc Sindou, Marco Sinisi, Timothy Siu, Edward Smith, Joseph R. Smith, Patricia Smith, Matthew Smyth, Domenico Solari, David Solomon, Adam M. Sonabend, Mark M. Souweidane, Edgardo Spagnuolo, Robert F. Spetzler, Robert J. Spinner, Andreas M. Stark, Philip A. Starr, Ladislau Steiner, Michael P. Steinmetz, Shirley I. Stiver, Prem Subramanian, Michael E. Sughrue, Ian Suk, Daniel Q. Sun, Ulrich Sure, Oszkar Szentirmai, Alexander Taghva, Giuseppe Talamonti, Rafael J. Tamargo, Richard J. Teff, John M. Tew, Nicholas Theodore, Philip V. Theodosopoulos, B. Gregory Thompson, Wuttipong Tirakotai, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, James H. Tonsgard, David Trejo, Michael Trippel, R. Shane Tubbs, Luis M. Tumialan, Andreas Unterberg, Michael S. Vaphiades, T. Brooks Vaughan, Anand Veeravagu, Ana Luisa Velasco, Francisco Velasco, Gregory J. Velat, Angela Verlicchi, Frank D. Vrionis, Michel Wager, M. Christopher Wallace, Gary S. Wand, Benjamin C. Warf, Michael F. Waters, Joseph Watson, Martin H. Weiss, Nirit Weiss, William Welch, J. Kent Werner, Louis A. Whitworth, Christopher Winfree, Timothy F. Witham, Jean-Paul Wolinsky, Judith M. Wong, Shaun Xavier, Bakhtiar Yamini, Claudio Yampolsky, Michael J. Yaremchuk, Reza Yassari, Chun-Po Yen, John Yianni, Alexander K. Yu, Eric L. Zager, Bruno Zanotti, Marco Zenteno, Mehmet Zileli, and Alexandros D. Zouzias

Published
2012
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7. List of Contributors

Author

Nasser I. Alhodaib, Allan J. Belzberg, Allen T. Bishop, Richard C. Boothman, Neal Chen, Wilson Chimbira, Kevin C. Chung, Howard M. Clarke, Michael J. Dorsi, Stefano Ferraresi, Debora Garozzo, Roberto Gasparotti, Bernard Gonik, Marie-Noëlle Hébert-Blouin, Denise Justice, Brian M. Kelly, David G. Kline, Scott H. Kozin, James A. Leonard, Aymeric Y.T. Lim, Martijn J.A. Malessy, John E. McGillicuddy, Rajiv Midha, Virginia S. Nelson, W.J.R. van Ouwerkerk, Miriana G. Popadich, Willem Pondaag, Lynnette Rasmussen, Edward C. Reynolds, Stephen M. Russell, Sandeep J. Sebastin, Alexander Y. Shin, J.A. van der Sluijs, M. Catherine Spires, Robert J. Spinner, Olawale A.R. Sulaiman, Yuan-Kun Tu, Kelly L. Vander Have, Jacob D. de Villiers Alant, James Wolfe, and Lynda J.-S. Yang

Published
2012
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8. Contributors

Author

Bizhan Aarabi, Rick Abbott, Saleem I. Abdulrauf, Frank L. Acosta, John R. Adler, Nzhde Agazaryan, Manish Aghi, Edward S. Ahn, Ali Alaraj, Gregory W. Albert, Leland Albright, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Tord D. Alden, Michael J. Alexander, Andrei V. Alexandrov, Ossama Al-Mefty, Ron L. Alterman, Lázaro Álvarez, Nduka M. Amankulor, Peter S. Amenta, Christopher P. Ames, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Mario Ammirati, Carryn Anderson, Richard C.E. Anderson, William S. Anderson, Peter D. Angevine, Hiba Arif, Jeffrey E. Arle, Rocco Armonda, Paul M. Arnold, Kaveh Asadi-Moghaddam, Ferhan A. Asghar, William W. Ashley, Sabri Aydin, Nafi Aygun, Joachim M. Baehring, Jacob H. Bagley, Diaa Bahgat, Julian E. Bailes, Jonathon R. Ball, Gordon H. Baltuch, Nicholas C. Bambakidis, Scott C. Baraban, Igor J. Barani, Nicholas M. Barbaro, Frederick G. Barker, Gene H. Barnett, Stanley L. Barnwell, Constance M. Barone, Daniel L. Barrow, Fabrice Bartolomei, Juan Bartolomei, Tracy T. Batchelor, H. Hunt Batjer, Andrew M. Bauer, Joel A. Bauman, Thomas K. Baumann, James E. Baumgartner, John Bayouth, Andrew Beaumont, Joshua B. Bederson, Rudolf Beisse, Randy S. Bell, Allan Belzberg, Alim Louis Benabid, Eduardo E. Benarroch, Abdelhamid Benazzouz, Bernard R. Bendok, Edward C. Benzel, Alejandro Berenstein, Mitchel S. Berger, Marvin Bergsneider, Helmut Bertalanffy, Tarun Bhalla, Dani S. Bidros, José Biller, Mark H. Bilsky, Devin K. Binder, William Bingaman, Rolfe Birch, Allen T. Bishop, Peter M. Black, Jeffrey P. Blount, Peter C. Blumbergs, Leif-Erik Bohman, Zackary E. Boomsaad, Frederick A. Boop, Pascal Bou-Haidar, Daniel R. Boué, Blaise F.D. Bourgeois, Robin M. Bowman, Oliver Bozinov, Helen M. Bramlett, Henry Brem, Steven Brem, Gavin W. Britz, Douglas L. Brockmeyer, David J. Brooks, Samuel R. Browd, Paul D. Brown, Robert D. Brown, Jeffrey N. Bruce, Janice E. Brunstrom-Hernandez, John Buatti, M. Ross Bullock, Kim J. Burchiel, Peter C. Burger, Marc R. Bussière, Mohamad Bydon, Richard W. Byrne, Maria Elisa Calcagnotto, Victoria A. Campbell, William Campbell, George M. Cannon, Louis P. Caragine, Benjamin S. Carson, Gregory D. Cascino, Ethan Cascio, Frédéric Castinetti, C. Michael Cawley, Justin S. Cetas, Stéphan Chabardès, Edward F. Chang, Eric C. Chang, Eric L. Chang, Steven D. Chang, Steven W. Chang, Susan M. Chang, Kevin Chao, Paul H. Chapman, Fady T. Charbel, Patrick Chauvel, Grace Chen, Boyle C. Cheng, Joseph S. Cheng, Joshua J. Chern, E. Antonio Chiocca, Ondrej Choutka, Shakeel A. Chowdhry, Cindy W. Christian, Kathy Chuang, Jan Claassen, Richard E. Clatterbuck, Elizabeth B. Claus, Daniel R. Cleary, Robert J. Coffey, Alan R. Cohen, Andrew J. Cole, E. Sander Connolly, Patrick J. Connolly, Anne G. Copay, Jeroen R. Coppens, James J. Corbett, Daniel M. Corcos, Domagoj Coric, Garth Rees Cosgrove, William T. Couldwell, Stirling Craig, Neil R. Crawford, Peter B. Crino, R. Webster Crowley, Bradford A. Curt, Marek Czosnyka, Zofia Czosnyka, Vladimir Y. Dadashev, Andrew T. Dailey, Deepa Danan, Shabbar F. Danish, Shervin R. Dashti, Carlos A. David, David J. David, Arthur L. Day, Antonio A.F. De Salles, Amir R. Dehdashti, Oscar H. Del Brutto, Johnny B. Delashaw, Bradley Delman, Mahlon R. DeLong, Franco DeMonte, Sanjay S. Dhall, Mark S. Dias, Curtis A. Dickman, W. Dalton Dietrich, Michael L. DiLuna, Francesco Di Meco, Peter Dirks, C. Edward Dixon, Jacob A. Donoghue, Ian G. Dorward, Amish H. Doshi, James Drake, Dan Drzymalski, Rose Du, Andrew Ducruet, Ann-Christine Duhaime, Aaron S. Dumont, Christopher D. Duntsch, Joshua R. Dusick, Suzan Dyve, James Eberwine, Paula Eboli, Robert D. Ecker, Richard J. Edwards, Marc E. Eichler, Doortje C. Engel, Nancy E. Epstein, Matthew G. Ewend, Hamad Farhat, Christopher J. Farrell, Michael G. Fehlings, Iman Feiz-Erfan, Neil A. Feldstein, Richard G. Fessler, Juan J. Figueroa, Aaron G. Filler, J. Max Findlay, Michael A. Finn, David J. Fiorella, James L. Fisher, Robert S. Fisher, Eugene S. Flamm, James D. Fleck, Kelly D. Flemming, John C. Flickinger, Laura Flores-Sarnat, Kenneth A. Follett, Kelly D. Foote, Daryl R. Fourney, Valerie Fraix, James L. Frazier, Itzhak Fried, Allan H. Friedman, William A. Friedman, Gerhard M. Friehs, Donald E. Fry, Gregory N. Fuller, Hector H. Garcia, Paul A. Gardner, Mark Garrett, Hugh Garton, Cormac G. Gavin, Alisa D. Gean, Thomas A. Gennarelli, Venelin Gerganov, Anand V. Germanwala, Massimo Gerosa, Elizabeth R. Gerstner, Peter C. Gerszten, Saadi Ghatan, Samer Ghostine, Steven Giannotta, Paul R. Gigante, Frank Gilliam, Holly Gilmer-Hill, Albert Gjedde, Roberta P. Glick, Ziya L. Gokaslan, Yakov Gologorsky, Kiarash Golshani, Nestor R. Gonzalez, James Tait Goodrich, Tessa Gordon, Alessandra A. Gorgulho, Liliana C. Goumnerova, M. Sean Grady, Jordan Grafman, Sylvie Grand, Gerald A. Grant, Gregory P. Graziano, Benjamin Greenberg, James Guest, Abhijit Guha, Murat Günel, Gaurav Gupta, Nalin Gupta, Jorge Guridi, Barton L. Guthrie, Georges F. Haddad, Michael M. Haglund, Regis W. Haid, Stephen J. Haines, Clement Hamani, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, D. Kojo Hamilton, Todd C. Hankinson, Leo T. Happel, Ihtsham Ul Haq, Raqeeb Haque, Robert E. Harbaugh, Ciara D. Harraher, Leo Harris, James S. Harrop, Wael Hassaneen, Cynthia Hawkins, Gregory W.J. Hawryluk, Neal G. Haynes, Robert F. Heary, Amy B. Heimberger, Mary M. Heinricher, Thomas M. Hemmen, Jaimie M. Henderson, Roberto C. Heros, Karl Herrup, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, Gregory G. Heuer, Lawrence J. Hirsch, Robert Hirschl, Brian L. Hoh, Daniel J. Hoh, Eric C. Holland, Paul E. Holtzheimer, L. Nelson Hopkins, Philip J. Horner, David A. Hovda, Matthew A. Howard, Patrick Hsieh, Yin C. Hu, Sherwin E. Hua, Jason H. Huang, Judy Huang, Samuel A. Hughes, Thierry A.G.M. Huisman, Matthew A. Hunt, R. John Hurlbert, Robert W. Hurst, Anita Huttner, Steven W. Hwang, Ioannis U. Isaias, Bermans J. Iskandar, Arun Jacob, Kurt A. Jaeckle, Jay Jagannathan, Regina I. Jakacki, George I. Jallo, John A. Jane, Ryan Janicki, Damir Janigro, N u Owase Jeelani, Kurt A. Jellinger, Arthur L. Jenkins, Sarah Jernigan, David F. Jimenez, Conrad E. Johanson, J. Patrick Johnson, Matthew D. Johnson, G. Alexander Jones, Rajni K. Jutla, Koijan Singh Kainth, Michael G. Kaiser, U. Kumar Kakarla, Iain H. Kalfas, Aleksandrs Uldis Kalnins, Hideyuki Kano, Yucel Kanpolat, Adam S. Kanter, Reza J. Karimi, Amin B. Kassam, Bruce A. Kaufman, Christian B. Kaufman, Hiroto Kawasaki, Brian C. Kelley, Christopher P. Kellner, Nicole C. Keong, John R.W. Kestle, Alexander A. Khalessi, Nadia Khan, Vini G. Khurana, Daniel H. Kim, Dong Gyu Kim, Dong H. Kim, Jong Hyun Kim, Louis J. Kim, Paul K. Kim, Thomas Aquinas Kim, Won Kim, James A.J. King, Ryan S. Kitagawa, Neil D. Kitchen, Paul Klimo, David G. Kline, Kazutaka Kobayashi, Patrick M. Kochanek, Douglas Kondziolka, Paul N. Kongkham, Tyler R. Koski, Thomas Kosztowski, Paul Krack, Joachim K. Krauss, Michael A. Kraut, Niklaus Krayenbühl, Thomas Kretschmer, Ajit Krishnaney, Charles Kuntz, Jeffrey V. Kuo, Brian K. Kwon, Nadia N. Issa Laack, Shivanand P. Lad, Alim M. Ladha, Amos K. Ladouceur, Arthur M. Lam, Frederick F. Lang, Giuseppe Lanzino, Sean D. Lavine, Edward R. Laws, Michael T. Lawton, Adrian W. Laxton, Tuong H. Le, Jean François LeBas, Brett D. Lebed, Richard L. Lebow, Amy Lee, Ian Lee, Seon-Kyu Lee, Emily Lehmann, James W. Leiphart, Gregory P. Lekovic, Frederick A. Lenz, Jeffrey R. Leonard, Peter D. LeRoux, Marc Lévêque, Allan D. Levi, Elad I. Levy, Linda M. Liau, Jason Liauw, Roger Lichtenbaum, Terry Lichtor, David D. Limbrick, Hester Lingsma, Michael J. Link, Mark E. Linskey, Brian Litt, Zachary N. Litvack, James K.C. Liu, Kenneth C. Liu, Jay S. Loeffler, Christopher M. Loftus, Russell R. Lonser, Angeliki Louvi, Andres M. Lozano, Daniel C. Lu, Rimas V. Lukas, L. Dade Lunsford, Neal Luther, Pedro Lylyk, Andrew I.R. Maas, R. Loch Macdonald, Andre Machado, Raul Macias, Robert J. Maciunas, Brian N. Maddux, Pierre Magistretti, Martijn J.A. Malessy, Neil R. Malhotra, Donald A. Malone, Adam N. Mamelak, Christopher E. Mandigo, Francesco T. Mangano, Allen H. Maniker, Geoffrey T. Manley, Daniel Marchac, Anthony Marmarou, Joseph C. Maroon, Lawrence F. Marshall, Neil A. Martin, Timothy J. Martin, Alexander M. Mason, Marlon S. Mathews, Helen S. Mayberg, James P. McAllister, J. Gordon McComb, Paul C. McCormick, Ian E. McCutcheon, Michael W. McDermott, Cameron G. McDougall, Matthew McGehee, Cameron C. McIntyre, Guy M. McKhann, M. Sean McKisic, David F. Meaney, Minesh P. Mehta, Vivek Mehta, William P. Melega, Arnold H. Menezes, Patrick Mertens, Fredric B. Meyer, Scott A. Meyer, Philip M. Meyers, Costas Michaelides, Karine Michaud, Rajiv Midha, Vincent J. Miele, Jonathan Miller, Matthew L. Miller, Neil R. Miller, John Mitrofanis, Kevin Y. Miyashiro, J. Mocco, Michael T. Modic, Parham Moftakhar, Avinash Mohan, Stephen J. Monteith, Jacques J. Morcos, Michael Morgan, David E. Morris, S. David Moss, J. Paul Muizelaar, Karim Mukhida, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Gregory J.A. Murad, Karin Muraszko, Antônio C.M. Mussi, Imad Najm, Peter Nakaji, Sandra Narayanan, David W. Newell, M. Kelly Nicholas, Yasunari Niimi, Shahid M. Nimjee, Ajay Niranjan, Richard B. North, Josef Novotny, Turo Nurmikko, Samuel E. Nutt, W. Jerry Oakes, José A. Obeso, Alfred T. Ogden, Lissa Ogieglo, Christopher S. Ogilvy, David O. Okonkwo, Michael S. Okun, Edward H. Oldfield, Alessandro Olivi, Stephen E. Olvey, David Omahen, Brent O'Neill, Rod J. Oskouian, Robert Owen, Koray Özduman, Ali Kemal Ozturk, M. Necmettin Pamir, Dachling Pang, Jamie Pardini, Andrew D. Parent, T.S. Park, Michael D. Partington, Aman B. Patel, Parag G. Patil, Nicola Pavese, Richard D. Penn, Noel I. Perin, John A. Persing, Erika A. Petersen, Anthony L. Petraglia, Brigitte Piallat, Joseph H. Piatt, John D. Pickard, Joseph M. Piepmeier, Webster H. Pilcher, José Pineda, Joseph D. Pinter, Mary L. Pisculli, Thomas Pittman, Ian F. 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Vaccaro, Koen van Besien, Jerrold L. Vitek, Kenneth P. Vives, Timothy W. Vogel, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Dennis G. Vollmer, Gretchen K. Von Allmen, Kajetan L. von Eckardstein, P. Ashley Wackym, Mark Wainwright, Ben Waldau, Marion L. Walker, M. Christopher Wallace, Brian Walsh, Huan Wang, Michael Y. Wang, Vincent Y. Wang, Ronald E. Warnick, Sharon Webb, Ralf Weigel, Robert J. Weil, Jon D. Weingart, Bryce Weir, Martin Weiss, Nirit Weiss, William C. Welch, John C. Wellons, Hung Tzu Wen, Christian Wess, G. Alexander West, Nicholas M. Wetjen, Robert G. Whitmore, Louis A. Whitworth, Thomas Wichmann, Joseph L. Wiemels, Eelco F.M. Wijdicks, Adam C. Wilberger, Jack Wilberger, David M. Wildrick, Jason Wilson, Christopher J. Winfree, H. Richard Winn, Christopher Wolfla, Eric T. Wong, Peter J. Wormald, Margaret Wrensch, Neill M. Wright, Zachary Wright, David Yam, Shinya Yamada, Yoshiya Yamada, Isaac Yang, Victor X.D. Yang, Tom Yao, Chun-Po Yen, H. Kwang Yeoh, Yasuhiro Yonekawa, Alice Yoo, David M. Yousem, Eric C. Yuen, Joseph M. Zabramski, Andrew C. Zacest, J. Christopher Zacko, Gabriel Zada, Ross Zafonte, Eric L. Zager, Hasan A. Zaidi, Hekmat Zarzour, Vasilios A. Zerris, Justin A. Zivin, John G. Zovickian, Alexander Y. Zubkov, and Marike Zwienenberg-Lee

Published
2011
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9. Reply

Author

J. Gert van Dijk, Martijn J.A. Malessy, and Dick F. Stegeman

Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Physiology, Physiology (medical), Neurology (clinical)
Published
1999
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