137 results on '"Martial, C."'
Search Results
2. Modeling of fission product release during severe accidents with the fuel performance code ALCYONE
- Author
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Germain, A., Sercombe, J., Riglet-Martial, C., Introïni, C., Noirot, L., Pontillon, Y., and Maugis, Ph.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Modeling high burnup fuel thermochemistry, fission product release and fuel melting during the VERDON 1 and RT6 tests
- Author
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Germain, A., Sercombe, J., Riglet-Martial, C., Introïni, C., Noirot, L., Pontillon, Y., Maugis, Ph., and Guéneau, C.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Coupled modeling of irradiated fuel thermochemistry and gas diffusion during severe accidents
- Author
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Germain, A., Sercombe, J., Riglet-Martial, C., Introïni, C., Noirot, L., Pontillon, Y., and Maugis, Ph.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Diagnostic, pronostic et traitements des troubles de la conscience
- Author
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Cassol, H., Aubinet, C., Thibaut, A., Wannez, S., Martial, C., Martens, G., and Laureys, S.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Behaviour of fission products in UO2: Experimental characterization of the Cs-I-UO2 model system at high temperature
- Author
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Rochedy, M. (author), Klosek, V. (author), Riglet-Martial, C. (author), Onofri-Marroncle, C. (author), Drouan, D. (author), Reyes, D. (author), Bienvenu, P. (author), Roure, I. (author), Cabié, M. (author), Rochedy, M. (author), Klosek, V. (author), Riglet-Martial, C. (author), Onofri-Marroncle, C. (author), Drouan, D. (author), Reyes, D. (author), Bienvenu, P. (author), Roure, I. (author), and Cabié, M. (author)
- Abstract
The interactions of iodine and caesium in UO2 have been investigated. For this purpose, implanted UO2 samples were thermally treated (4h at 900°C or 1h at 1200°C) under controlled atmosphere (0.03% H2O/H2) and then characterized by several experimental techniques for their structural and chemical studies. Thermodynamic calculations were also performed in order to optimize heat treatment conditions before performing tests, and to help in the interpretation of results afterwards. The sample characterizations after thermal treatments reveal the presence of bubbles and precipitates (mean diameter around 10 - 20 nm) and have allowed to clearly identify the presence of CsI in these bubbles which is in agreement with the calculations. The chemical form of the observed precipitates is not well defined yet, due to the lack of experimental reference spectra, but they consist very likely of caesium uranates, as predicted by the thermodynamic calculations., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., RST/Reactor Physics and Nuclear Materials, Dean
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- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on total, sex- and age-specific all-cause mortality in 20 countries worldwide during 2020: results from the C-MOR project
- Author
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Demetriou, CA, Achilleos, S, Quattrocchi, A, Gabel, J, Critselis, E, Constantinou, C, Nicolaou, N, Ambrosio, G, Bennett, CM, Le Meur, N, Critchley, JA, Mortensen, LH, Rodriguez-Llanes, JM, Chong, M, Denissov, G, Klepac, P, Goldsmith, LP, Costa, AJL, Hagen, TP, Chan Sun, M, Huang, Q, Pidmurniak, N, Zucker, I, Cuthbertson, J, Burström, B, Barron, M, Eržen, I, Stracci, F, Calmon, W, Martial, C, Verstiuk, O, Kaufman, Z, Tao, W, Kereselidze, M, Chikhladze, N, Polemitis, A, and Charalambous, A
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, this study investigates overall, sex- and age-specific excess all-cause mortality in 20 countries, during 2020. METHODS: Total, sex- and age-specific weekly all-cause mortality for 2015-2020 was collected from national vital statistics databases. Excess mortality for 2020 was calculated by comparing weekly 2020 observed mortality against expected mortality, estimated from historical data (2015-2019) accounting for seasonality, long- and short-term trends. Crude and age-standardized rates were analysed for total and sex-specific mortality. RESULTS: Austria, Brazil, Cyprus, England and Wales, France, Georgia, Israel, Italy, Northern Ireland, Peru, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the USA displayed substantial excess age-standardized mortality of varying duration during 2020, while Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Mauritius, Norway, and Ukraine did not. In sex-specific analyses, excess mortality was higher in males than females, except for Slovenia (higher in females) and Cyprus (similar in both sexes). Lastly, for most countries substantial excess mortality was only detectable (Austria, Cyprus, Israel, and Slovenia) or was higher (Brazil, England and Wales, France, Georgia, Italy, Northern Ireland, Sweden, Peru and the USA) in the oldest age group investigated. Peru demonstrated substantial excess mortality even in the
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- 2022
8. 3D thermo-chemical–mechanical simulation of power ramps with ALCYONE fuel code
- Author
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Baurens, B., Sercombe, J., Riglet-Martial, C., Desgranges, L., Trotignon, L., and Maugis, P.
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- 2014
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9. Function-Structure Connectivity in Patients with Severe Brain Injury as Measured by MRI-DWI and FDG-PET
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Annen, J., Heine, L., Ziegler, E., Frasso, G., Bahri, M., Di Perri, C., Stender, J., Martial, C., Wannez, S., Dʼostilio, K., Amico, E., Antonopoulos, G., Bernard, C., Tshibanda, F., Hustinx, R., and Laureys, S.
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- 2016
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10. Simulation of the Evolution of a Clay Engineered Barrier by Interaction With Granitic Groundwater: Dynamics and Characteristic Time Scales
- Author
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Cranga, M., Trotignon, L., Martial, C., and Castelier, E.
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- 1997
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11. Memories of near-death experiences: are they self-defining?
- Author
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Cassol, H, D’Argembeau, A, Charland-Verville, V, Laureys, S, and Martial, C
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Centrality of Event Scale ,self-defining memories ,autobiographical memory ,near-death experiences-like ,near-death experiences ,Research Article - Abstract
Some people report memories of near-death experiences (NDEs) after facing situations of impending death and these memories appear to have significant consequences on their lives (here referred to as “real NDE experiencers”; real NDErs). We assessed to what extent NDE memories are considered self-defining: memories that help people to define clearly how they see themselves. We screened 71 participants using the Greyson NDE scale (48 real NDErs and 23 NDErs-like who had lived a similar experience in absence of a threat to their life). Participants described their two main self-defining memories (SDMs). For each SDM, they completed the Centrality of Event Scale (CES) to assess how central the event is to their identity. The two subgroups did not differ regarding the proportion of NDErs who recalled their NDE (30 real NDErs out of 48 and 11 NDErs-like out of 23). Real NDErs and NDErs-like who recalled their NDE (n = 41) reported richer experiences as assessed by the Greyson NDE scale. Furthermore, these participants rated their NDE memory as more central to their identity as compared to other SDMs, and the richness of the NDE memory was positively associated to its centrality (CES scores). Overall, these findings suggest that the self-defining aspect of the experience might be related to its phenomenological content rather than its circumstances of occurrence. The self-defining status of NDE memories confirms that they constitute an important part of NDErs’ personal identity and highlights the importance for clinicians to facilitate their integration within the self.
- Published
- 2019
12. Neurophenomenology of near-death experience memory in hypnotic recall: a within-subject EEG study
- Author
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Englebert, Jérôme, Martial, C., Mensen, A., Charland-Verville, V., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Rentmeister, D., Bahri, Mohamed Ali, Cassol, H., Gosseries, Olivia, Laureys, Steven, Faymonville, Marie-Elisabeth, Englebert, Jérôme, Martial, C., Mensen, A., Charland-Verville, V., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Rentmeister, D., Bahri, Mohamed Ali, Cassol, H., Gosseries, Olivia, Laureys, Steven, and Faymonville, Marie-Elisabeth
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2019
13. Oxide phase characterization in simulated high burn-up UO$_2$ fuels in the early stages of a nuclear severe accident
- Author
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Le Gall, C., Geiger, E., Proux, O., Rovezzi, M., Solari, P. L., Hunault, M., Klosek, V., Riglet Martial, C., Léchelle, J., Audubert, F., Yves Pontillon, L Hazemann, J., Colomp, P., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CADARACHE, Bibliothèque, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF)
- Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2018
14. 3D simulation of a power ramp including oxygen thermo-diffusion and its impact on thermochemistry
- Author
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Konarski, P., Sercombe, J., Riglet-Martial, C., Zacharie-Aubrun, I., Fregonese, M., Chantrenne, P., CADARACHE, Bibliothèque, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors would like to thank FRAMATOME and EDF for their financial support and fruitful discussions, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] - Abstract
International audience; This paper presents the coupling of the thermochemical solver ANGE (Advanced Gibbs Energy Minimizer) with an oxygen thermo-diffusion model. The coupling is implemented within the fuel performance code ALCYONE co-developed by CEA, EDF and FRAMATOME within the PLEIADES environment. An application to a 3D simulation of a power ramp on a Cr-doped UO 2 fuel is developed. Post-ramp EPMA measurements of chromia doped fuel show reduction of chromium and molybdenum oxides in the central part of the pellet, indicative of thermo-diffusion of oxygen. These phenomena are well reproduced by the coupled thermo-chemical-mechanical simulations. Impact of oxygen redistribution on speciation of fission products is then studied. Chemical state of caesium, iodine and tellurium is important as regard PCI, as they can form gaseous species (CsI$_{(g),}$ I $_{(g),}$ I$_{(2g),}$ TeI$_{(2g)}$) that can react with the cladding and induce SCC. Release of gaseous species and concentration of chemically reactive iodine compounds near the cladding are calculated in order to investigate I-SCC.
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- 2018
15. 3D simulation of a power ramp including fuel thermochemistry and oxygen thermodiffusion
- Author
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Konarski, P., primary, Sercombe, J., additional, Riglet-Martial, C., additional, Noirot, L., additional, Zacharie-Aubrun, I., additional, Hanifi, K., additional, Frégonèse, M., additional, and Chantrenne, P., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Human consciousness is supported by dynamic complex patterns of brain signal coordination
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Demertzi, A., primary, Tagliazucchi, E., additional, Dehaene, S., additional, Deco, G., additional, Barttfeld, P., additional, Raimondo, F., additional, Martial, C., additional, Fernández-Espejo, D., additional, Rohaut, B., additional, Voss, H. U., additional, Schiff, N. D., additional, Owen, A. M., additional, Laureys, S., additional, Naccache, L., additional, and Sitt, J. D., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. An innovative Method to study Volatile Fission Products speciation in nuclear fuels under Severe Accident Conditions
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Hein, H., Hazemann, Jl., Proux, O., Riglet-Martial, C., Léchelle, J., Audubert, F., Pontillon, Yves, Le Gall, C., Cologna, M., Holzhauser, M., Popa, K., Boshoven, J., European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville] (JRC), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ESRF- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, and amplexor, amplexor
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[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,in-situ XAS ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Cesium ,SPS ,Fission products ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Severe accident ,volatile - Abstract
International audience; The development of realistic models for fission products behavior during a severe accident requires experimental data on fission products speciation into the fuel (as irradiated and during the transient) together with thermodynamic predictions. Due to the limitations in terms of experiments and characterization techniques available to study fission products speciation in nuclear irradiated fuels, simulant materials (SIMFUEL manufactured thanks to conventional process) are often used. However, these materials do not allow the study of volatile fission products because they are totally released during the sintering stage. In the case of SIMFUEL with implanted fission products surrogates, the chemical state and the corresponding evolution of the phases during the thermal sequence are not entirely representative of the real case. An innovative method to study volatile fission products speciation in SIMFUEL samples has thus been developed. Spark plasma sintering was used to synthesize dense SIMFUEL samples containing cesium in collaboration with the JRC-Karlsruhe within the frame of the GENTLE program. Thermodynamic calculations made using the TAF-ID v.6 associated with the FACTSage software enabled to determine the conditions in which to perform thermal treatments. In-temperature XAS experiments in conditions representative of a sevre accident are developed in collaboration with FAME-UHD beamline at the ESRF (Grenoble, France). Additional thermal treatments will also be performed to enable further characterizations (ceramography, SEM-EDX...).
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- 2017
18. Tracking dynamic interactions between structural and functional connectivity: a TMS/EEG-dMRI study
- Author
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Amico E, Bodart O, Rosanova M, Gosseries O, Heine L, Van Mierlo P, Martial C, Massimini M, Marianazzo D, and Laureys S
- Subjects
genetic structures ,nervous system ,TMS/EEG ,brain-directed functional connectivity ,structural connectivity ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with neuroimaging techniques allows to measure the effects of a direct perturbation of the brain. When coupled with high-density electroencephalography (TMS/hd-EEG), TMS pulses revealed electrophysiological signatures of different cortical modules in health and disease. However, the neural underpinnings of these signatures remain unclear. Here, by applying multimodal analyses of cortical response to TMS recordings and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography, we investigated the relationship between functional and structural features of different cortical modules in a cohort of awake healthy volunteers. For each subject, we computed directed functional connectivity interactions between cortical areas from the source-reconstructed TMS/hd-EEG recordings and correlated them with the correspondent structural connectivity matrix extracted from dMRI tractography, in three different frequency bands (α, β, γ) and two sites of stimulation (left precuneus and left premotor). Each stimulated area appeared to mainly respond to TMS by being functionally elicited in specific frequency bands, that is, β for precuneus and γ for premotor. We also observed a temporary decrease in the whole-brain correlation between directed functional connectivity and structural connectivity after TMS in all frequency bands. Notably, when focusing on the stimulated areas only, we found that the structure–function correlation significantly increases over time in the premotor area controlateral to TMS. Our study points out the importance of taking into account the major role played by different cortical oscillations when investigating the mechanisms for integration and segregation of information in the human brain.
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- 2017
19. 3d thermo-chemical-mechanical simulation of power ramps with alcyone fuel code
- Author
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Baurens, B., Sercombe, J., Riglet-Martial, C., Desgranges, L., Trotignon, L., Maugis, P., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors would like to thank AREVA and EDF for the financial and technical support to this work, Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and amplexor, amplexor
- Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,fuel performance code ,multiphysics ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,Pellet Cladding Interaction ,modeling ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Stress Corrosion cracking - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2015
20. About nuclear fuels on MARS
- Author
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Martin, P., Bes, R., Geiger, E., Pennisi, V., Matheron, P., Pontillon, Yves, Arab-Chapelet, B., Rivenet, M., Solari, P.-L., Schlutig, S., Martial, C., Strach, M., Belin, R., Prieur, D., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2015
21. Diagnostic, pronostic et traitements des troubles de la conscience
- Author
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Cassol, H., Aubinet, C., Thibaut, A., Wannez, S., Martial, C., Martens, G., and Laureys, S.
- Abstract
Les progrès de la médecine et des soins intensifs ont conduit à une augmentation du nombre de patients survivant à une lésion cérébrale sévère. Bien que certains patients récupèrent rapidement, d’autres demeurent dans un état de conscience altérée (ECA). Ces derniers peuvent évoluer du coma vers un état végétatif/syndrome d’éveil non répondant (EV/ENR), puis vers un état de conscience minimale (ECM). Dans cette revue, nous proposons tout d’abord de décrire les différentes méthodes, comportementales et de neuro-imagerie, utilisées dans le diagnostic des patients en ECA. Nous décrirons ensuite les facteurs susceptibles d’influencer le pronostic et la récupération de ces patients, ainsi que les traitements et la prise en charge qui peuvent être proposés dans le but d’améliorer leur état de conscience. Enfin, nous clôturerons cette revue avec une réflexion sur les considérations éthiques et les questions de fin de vie.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Multimodal characterization of default mode network structure and metabolism in patients with disorders of consciousness using diffusion weighted-MRI and 18F-FDG-PET
- Author
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Annen, J., Heine, L., Ziegler, E., Stender, J., Bahri, M. A., Wannes, S., Bruno, M. -A., Thibaut, A., Bernard, C., Antonopoulos, G., Di Perri, C., Martial, C., Amico, E., Demertzi, A., Salmon, E., Maquet, P., Tshibanda, J. -F. L., Hustinx, R., Laureys, S., Annen, J., Heine, L., Ziegler, E., Stender, J., Bahri, M. A., Wannes, S., Bruno, M. -A., Thibaut, A., Bernard, C., Antonopoulos, G., Di Perri, C., Martial, C., Amico, E., Demertzi, A., Salmon, E., Maquet, P., Tshibanda, J. -F. L., Hustinx, R., and Laureys, S.
- Published
- 2015
23. Etude expérimentale de l'écoulement de Couette-Taylor avec modulation de fréquence
- Author
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GASSA-FEUGAING, Martial C., CRUMEYROLLE, Olivier, Mutabazi, Innocent, Association Française de Mécanique, and Service irevues, irevues
- Subjects
[PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics] ,[PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics] - Abstract
Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Nous avons revisité l'étude de l'écoulement de Couette-Taylor avec modulation de fréquence de rotation du cylindre intérieur. Les paramètres de contrôle sont le nombre de Taylor Ta,l'amplitude et la fréquence de la modulation. La modulation de fréquence diminue le seuil de l'instabilité. Ta augmente avec la fréquence de modulation jusqu'à atteindre une valeur plateau. La fréquence des motifs ne dépend ni de Ta, ni de l'amplitude de modulation; elle est synchronisée à la fréquence de la modulation. La taille des rouleaux augmente avec Ta et de la fréquence de modulation.
- Published
- 2011
24. Etude expérimentale de l'instabilité d'un jet viscoélastique
- Author
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GASSA-FEUGAING, Martial C., CRUMEYROLLE, Olivier, GREHAN, Gérard, Mutabazi, Innocent, Service irevues, irevues, and Association Française de Mécanique
- Subjects
[PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics] ,[PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics] - Abstract
Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Nous étudions expérimentalement la dynamique de brisure des jets libres et forcés de solutions diluées de polymère flexible de forte masse molaire au travers d'un petit orifice. Pour cela nous employons des solutions aqueuses de 10 ppm ou moins de polyoxyéthylène (POE, c* = 180ppm) et un orifice de 50 µm de diamètre. Nous observons que le jet présente dans la longueur de rupture finale la structure dite de « perles sur une ficelle ». Cette dynamique nous permet de mettre en évidence les propriétés élongationnelles même en régime dilué.
- Published
- 2011
25. Intercomparison between TRIO-EF and IMPACT codes with reference to experimental strontium migration data
- Author
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Trotignon, L., primary, Fauré, M.-H., additional, Stietel, A., additional, Riglet-Martial, C., additional, Sardin, M., additional, Vitorge, P., additional, and Lefèvre, F., additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The Scimitar Syndrome: Report of Two Cases of Anomalous Venous Return from a Hypoplastic Right Lung to the Inferior Vena Cava.
- Author
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BOURASSA, MARTIAL C.
- Published
- 1963
27. Function-structure connectivity in patients with severe brain injury as measured by MRI-DWI and FDG-PET
- Author
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Annen, J., Heine, L., Ziegler, E., Frasso, G., Bahri, M., Di Perri, C., Stender, J., Martial, C., Wannez, S., D'ostilio, K., Amico, E., Antonopoulos, G., Bernard, C., Tshibanda, F., Hustinx, R., and Laureys, S.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. PuCrO$_3$ compound synthesis, structural and thermodynamic studies
- Author
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Léchelle, J., Belin, R., Martin, P., Martial, C., Pieragnoli, A., Thomas, R., Cecilia, G., Valenza, P., Richaud, J., Reynaud, M., Scheinost, A., Heintz, J.M., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and amplexor, amplexor
- Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,plutonium ,compound ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,PuCrO$_3$ ,chromium ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,perovskite - Abstract
International audience; The synthesis of PuCrO$_3$ compound starting from metallic and/or sesquioxide chromium and PuO2 powder mixtures in stoichiometric ratios has been studied at different temperatures under atmospheres with a varying oxygen potential (Ar, Ar + 5% H2, Ar + 5% H$_2$ + 850 ppm H$_2$O). The structure of the polycrystalline perovskite compound PuCrO$_3$ was investigated by means of an X ray powder pattern fitting. A Rietveld analysis was performed using the computer program JANA2000. PuCrO$_3$ crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbnm with a = 549.58(3) pm, b = 771.99(3) pm and c = 543.97(3) pm. A XAS study gave oxidation states +III for both chromium and plutonium. The heat capacity of PuCrO3 was measured by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in the temperature range of 373-1373 K. Debye temperature as well as electronic defect energies have been fitted from these measurements. Enthalpy increment, entropy and free energy function of PuCrO$_3$ have been calculated from the measured heat capacity and estimated data as a function of temperature.
29. Nociception Coma Scale-Revised with Personalized Painful Stimulus Versus Standard Stimulation in Persons with Disorders of Consciousness: An International Multicenter Study.
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Formisano R, Aloisi M, Ferri G, Schiattone S, Estraneo A, Magliacano A, Noé E, Pérez MDN, Hakiki B, Romoli AM, Bertoletti E, Leonardi G, Thibaut A, Martial C, Gosseries O, Brisbois M, Lejeune N, O'Valle M, Ferri J, Frédérick A, Zasler N, Schnakers C, and Iosa M
- Abstract
Background/Objectives: Persons with disorders of consciousness (DoCs) may perceive pain without being able to communicate their discomfort. The Nociception Coma Scale (NCS) and its revised form (NCS-R) have been proposed to assess nociception in persons with DoCs. The main aim of this international multicenter study was to confirm (or not) our preliminary results and compare the NCS-R scores of standard stimulus (NCS-R-SS) to scores of personalized painful stimuli (NCS-R-PS). A secondary aim of the study was to verify possible correlations between the NCS-R-PS and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and to estimate convergent validity. Methods: Sixty-one patients with prolonged DoCs (pDoCs) were enrolled from seven European post-acute rehabilitation centers. Responsiveness and pain perception were assessed by CRS-R and NCS-R with standard stimulus (NCS-R-SS) and personalized stimulation (NCS-R-PS). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06012357. Results: our results support our prior findings on the superiority and the validity of the personalized painful stimulus approach in assessment of pain in persons with DoCs in comparison with the standardized pain assessment methodology. Conclusions : A more in-depth and tailored assessment of pain perception in persons with a DoC may lead to better acknowledgment of its presence and by extension an objective foundation for more aggressive and appropriate pain management.
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- 2024
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30. EEG signature of near-death-like experiences during syncope-induced periods of unresponsiveness.
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Martial C, Piarulli A, Gosseries O, Cassol H, Ledoux D, Charland-Verville V, and Laureys S
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Consciousness physiology, Brain physiopathology, Syncope physiopathology, Electroencephalography methods
- Abstract
During fainting, disconnected consciousness may emerge in the form of dream-like experiences. Characterized by extra-ordinary and mystical features, these subjective experiences have been associated to near-death-like experiences (NDEs-like). We here aim to assess brain activity during syncope-induced disconnected consciousness by means of high-density EEG monitoring. Transient loss of consciousness and unresponsiveness were induced in 27 healthy volunteers through hyperventilation, orthostasis, and Valsalva maneuvers. Upon awakening, subjects were asked to report memories, if any. The Greyson NDE scale was used to evaluate the potential phenomenological content experienced during the syncope-induced periods of unresponsiveness. EEG source reconstruction assessed cortical activations during fainting, which were regressed out with subjective reports collected upon recovery of normal consciousness. We also conducted functional connectivity, graph-theoretic and complexity analyses. High quality high-density EEG data were obtained in 22 volunteers during syncope and unresponsiveness (lasting 22±8 s). NDE-like features (Greyson NDE scale total score ≥7/32) were apparent for eight volunteers and characterized by higher activity in delta, theta and beta2 bands in temporal and frontal regions. The richness of the NDE-like content was associated with delta, theta and beta2 bands cortical current densities, in temporal, parietal and frontal lobes, including insula, right temporoparietal junction, and cingulate cortex. Our analyses also revealed a higher complexity and that networks related to delta, theta, and beta2 bands were characterized by a higher overall connectivity paralleled by a higher segregation (i.e., local efficiency) and a higher integration (i.e., global efficiency) for the NDE-like group compared to the non-NDE-like group. Fainting-induced NDE-like episodes seem to be sustained by surges of neural activity representing promising markers of disconnected consciousness., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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31. Within-subject comparison of near-death and psychedelic experiences: acute and enduring effects.
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Martial C, Carhart-Harris R, and Timmermann C
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Mystical-like states of consciousness may arise through means such as psychedelic substances, but may also occur unexpectedly during near-death experiences (NDEs). So far, research studies comparing experiences induced by serotonergic psychedelics and NDEs, along with their enduring effects, have employed between-subject designs, limiting direct comparisons. We present results from an online survey exploring the phenomenology, attribution of reality, psychological insights, and enduring effects of NDEs and psychedelic experiences (PEs) in individuals who have experienced both at some point during their lifetime. We used frequentist and Bayesian analyses to determine significant differences and overlaps (evidence for null hypotheses) between the two. Thirty-one adults reported having experienced both an NDE (i.e. NDE-C scale total score ≥27/80) and a PE (intake of lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin/mushrooms, ayahuasca, N,N -dimethyltryptamine, or mescaline). Results revealed areas of overlap between both experiences for phenomenology, attribution of reality, psychological insights, and enduring effects. A finer-grained analysis of the phenomenology revealed a significant overlap in mystical-like effects, while low-level phenomena (sensory effects) were significantly different, with NDEs displaying higher scores of disembodiment and PEs higher scores of visual imagery. This suggests psychedelics as a useful model for studying mystical-like effects induced by NDEs, while highlighting distinctions in sensory experiences., Competing Interests: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)
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- 2024
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32. Lateral frontoparietal effective connectivity differentiates and predicts state of consciousness in a cohort of patients with traumatic disorders of consciousness.
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Ihalainen R, Annen J, Gosseries O, Cardone P, Panda R, Martial C, Thibaut A, Laureys S, and Chennu S
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Positron-Emission Tomography, Frontal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Frontal Lobe physiopathology, Brain Injuries, Traumatic physiopathology, Brain Injuries, Traumatic diagnostic imaging, Persistent Vegetative State physiopathology, Persistent Vegetative State diagnostic imaging, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult, Nerve Net physiopathology, Nerve Net diagnostic imaging, Electroencephalography methods, Parietal Lobe physiopathology, Parietal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Consciousness Disorders physiopathology, Consciousness Disorders diagnostic imaging, Consciousness physiology
- Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have suggested an important role for the default mode network (DMN) in disorders of consciousness (DoC). However, the extent to which DMN connectivity can discriminate DoC states-unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS)-is less evident. Particularly, it is unclear whether effective DMN connectivity, as measured indirectly with dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of resting EEG can disentangle UWS from healthy controls and from patients considered conscious (MCS+). Crucially, this extends to UWS patients with potentially "covert" awareness (minimally conscious star, MCS*) indexed by voluntary brain activity in conjunction with partially preserved frontoparietal metabolism as measured with positron emission tomography (PET+ diagnosis; in contrast to PET- diagnosis with complete frontoparietal hypometabolism). Here, we address this gap by using DCM of EEG data acquired from patients with traumatic brain injury in 11 UWS (6 PET- and 5 PET+) and in 12 MCS+ (11 PET+ and 1 PET-), alongside with 11 healthy controls. We provide evidence for a key difference in left frontoparietal connectivity when contrasting UWS PET- with MCS+ patients and healthy controls. Next, in a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, we tested the classification performance of the DCM models demonstrating that connectivity between medial prefrontal and left parietal sources reliably discriminates UWS PET- from MCS+ patients and controls. Finally, we illustrate that these models generalize to an unseen dataset: models trained to discriminate UWS PET- from MCS+ and controls, classify MCS* patients as conscious subjects with high posterior probability (pp > .92). These results identify specific alterations in the DMN after severe brain injury and highlight the clinical utility of EEG-based effective connectivity for identifying patients with potential covert awareness., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Ihalainen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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33. Phenomenological memory characteristics and impact of near-death experience in critically ill survivors: Observations at discharge and after a 1-year follow-up.
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Martial C, Fritz P, Cassol H, Gosseries O, Lambermont B, Misset B, and Rousseau AF
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Background: It is not rare that intensive care unit (ICU) patients report unusual subjective experiences, ranging from a feeling of harmony with the environment to complex phenomena such as near-death experience (NDE). This 1-year follow-up study investigates the characteristics and potential global impact of the NDE memories recalled by ICU survivors., Method: We prospectively enrolled 126 adult survivors of a prolonged (>7days) ICU stay (all etiologies), including 19 (15 %) who reported a NDE as identified by the Greyson NDE scale. The NDE group underwent a semi-structured interview one month later evaluating their memory characteristics and the associated life-threatening situation. One year after inclusion, all patients (regardless of whether they recalled an NDE) were contacted for a follow-up Greyson NDE scale assessment and questions about their ICU experience and opinions on death since discharge., Results: The Greyson NDE scale revealed that the most frequently reported features were altered time perception, heightened senses and life review, and the Greyson total scores did not evolve over time. NDE memories persisted, with a consequent number of phenomenological characteristics (e.g., visual details, emotions). One year post-ICU, two patients (18 %) of the NDE group and 12 (24 %) of the non-NDE group were less afraid of death., Conclusions: Results emphasize the clinical importance of interviewing all ICU patients to explore any memory after an ICU stay., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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34. Psychedelics and disorders of consciousness: the current landscape and the path forward.
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Cardone P, Alnagger N, Annen J, Bicego A, Gosseries O, and Martial C
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Modern medicine has been shaken by the surge of psychedelic science that proposes a new approach to mitigate mental disorders, such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinical trials to investigate whether psychedelic substances can treat psychiatric conditions are now underway, yet less discussion gravitates around their use in neurological disorders due to brain injury. One suggested implementation of brain-complexity enhancing psychedelics is to treat people with post-comatose disorders of consciousness (DoC). In this article, we discuss the rationale of this endeavour, examining possible outcomes of such experiments by postulating the existence of an optimal level of complexity. We consider the possible counterintuitive effects of both psychedelics and DoC on the functional connectivity of the default mode network and its possible impact on selfhood. We also elaborate on the role of computational modelling in providing complementary information to experimental studies, both contributing to our understanding of the treatment mechanisms and providing a path towards personalized medicine. Finally, we update the discourse surrounding the ethical considerations, encompassing clinical and scientific values., Competing Interests: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)
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- 2024
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35. Exploring the Significance of Cognitive Motor Dissociation on Patient Outcome in Acute Disorders of Consciousness.
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Lejeune N, Fritz P, Cardone P, Szymkowicz E, Vitello MM, Martial C, Thibaut A, and Gosseries O
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- Humans, Dissociative Disorders diagnosis, Dissociative Disorders physiopathology, Prognosis, Consciousness Disorders diagnosis, Consciousness Disorders physiopathology
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Cognitive motor dissociation (CMD) is characterized by a dissociation between volitional brain responses and motor control, detectable only through techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hence, it has recently emerged as a major challenge in the assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness. Specifically, this review focuses on the prognostic implications of CMD detection during the acute stage of brain injury. CMD patients were identified in each diagnostic category (coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state, minimally conscious state minus) with a relatively similar prevalence of around 20%. Current knowledge tends to indicate that the diagnosis of CMD in the acute phase often predicts a more favorable clinical outcome compared with other unresponsive non-CMD patients. Nevertheless, the review underscores the limited research in this domain, probably at least partially explained by its nascent nature and the lack of uniformity in the nomenclature for CMD-related disorders, hindering the impact of the literature in the field., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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36. Changes in high-order interaction measures of synergy and redundancy during non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by meditation, hypnosis, and auto-induced cognitive trance.
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Kumar G P, Panda R, Sharma K, Adarsh A, Annen J, Martial C, Faymonville ME, Laureys S, Sombrun C, Ganesan RA, Vanhaudenhuyse A, and Gosseries O
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Brain physiology, Young Adult, Hypnosis, Meditation, Electroencephalography, Consciousness physiology
- Abstract
High-order interactions are required across brain regions to accomplish specific cognitive functions. These functional interdependencies are reflected by synergistic information that can be obtained by combining the information from all the sources considered and redundant information (i.e., common information provided by all the sources). However, electroencephalogram (EEG) functional connectivity is limited to pairwise interactions thereby precluding the estimation of high-order interactions. In this multicentric study, we used measures of synergistic and redundant information to study in parallel the high-order interactions between five EEG electrodes during three non-ordinary states of consciousness (NSCs): Rajyoga meditation (RM), hypnosis, and auto-induced cognitive trance (AICT). We analyzed EEG data from 22 long-term Rajyoga meditators, nine volunteers undergoing hypnosis, and 21 practitioners of AICT. We here report the within-group changes in synergy and redundancy for each NSC in comparison with their respective baseline. During RM, synergy increased at the whole brain level in the delta and theta bands. Redundancy decreased in frontal, right central, and posterior electrodes in delta, and frontal, central, and posterior electrodes in beta1 and beta2 bands. During hypnosis, synergy decreased in mid-frontal, temporal, and mid-centro-parietal electrodes in the delta band. The decrease was also observed in the beta2 band in the left frontal and right parietal electrodes. During AICT, synergy decreased in delta and theta bands in left-frontal, right-frontocentral, and posterior electrodes. The decrease was also observed at the whole brain level in the alpha band. However, redundancy changes during hypnosis and AICT were not significant. The subjective reports of absorption and dissociation during hypnosis and AICT, as well as the mystical experience questionnaires during AICT, showed no correlation with the high-order measures. The proposed study is the first exploratory attempt to utilize the concepts of synergy and redundancy in NSCs. The differences in synergy and redundancy during different NSCs warrant further studies to relate the extracted measures with the phenomenology of the NSCs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. C.S. is the founder of TranceScience Research Institute in Paris., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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37. Magnitude and determinants of excess total, age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality in 24 countries worldwide during 2020 and 2021: results on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the C-MOR project.
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Pallari CT, Achilleos S, Quattrocchi A, Gabel J, Critselis E, Athanasiadou M, Rahmanian Haghighi MR, Papatheodorou S, Liu T, Artemiou A, Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Bennett CM, Zimmermann C, Schernhammer E, Bustos Sierra N, Ekelson R, Lobato J, Macedo L, Mortensen LH, Critchley J, Goldsmith L, Denissov G, Le Meur N, Kandelaki L, Athanasakis K, Binyaminy B, Maor T, Stracci F, Ambrosio G, Davletov K, Glushkova N, Martial C, Chan Sun M, Hagen TP, Chong M, Barron M, Łyszczarz B, Erzen I, Arcos Gonzalez P, Burström B, Pidmurniak N, Verstiuk O, Huang Q, Polemitis A, Charalambous A, and Demetriou CA
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- Female, Male, Humans, Pandemics, Italy, Greece, Age Factors, COVID-19
- Abstract
Introduction: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, we estimated excess all-cause mortality in 24 countries for 2020 and 2021, overall and stratified by sex and age., Methods: Total, age-specific and sex-specific weekly all-cause mortality was collected for 2015-2021 and excess mortality for 2020 and 2021 was calculated by comparing weekly 2020 and 2021 age-standardised mortality rates against expected mortality, estimated based on historical data (2015-2019), accounting for seasonality, and long-term and short-term trends. Age-specific weekly excess mortality was similarly calculated using crude mortality rates. The association of country and pandemic-related variables with excess mortality was investigated using simple and multilevel regression models., Results: Excess cumulative mortality for both 2020 and 2021 was found in Austria, Brazil, Belgium, Cyprus, England and Wales, Estonia, France, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mauritius, Northern Ireland, Norway, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, and the USA. Australia and Denmark experienced excess mortality only in 2021. Mauritius demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in all-cause mortality during both years. Weekly incidence of COVID-19 was significantly positively associated with excess mortality for both years, but the positive association was attenuated in 2021 as percentage of the population fully vaccinated increased. Stringency index of control measures was positively and negatively associated with excess mortality in 2020 and 2021, respectively., Conclusion: This study provides evidence of substantial excess mortality in most countries investigated during the first 2 years of the pandemic and suggests that COVID-19 incidence, stringency of control measures and vaccination rates interacted in determining the magnitude of excess mortality., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2024
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38. Chinese translation and validation of the Near-Death Experience Content scale.
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Li Y, Chen Y, Martial C, Shen M, Cassol H, Yu J, Zhou X, Ni C, Li M, Hu N, Gosseries O, Laureys S, and Di H
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Introduction: In recent years, a growing number of near-death experience (NDE) testimonies have been collected worldwide due to an increasing interest in research on this phenomenon. China has many patients who survive life-threatening situations, leaving over much data on NDEs to be collected for research. In the historical context of Eastern civilization, many mentally controlled practices in China can also lead to "NDEs-like" (e.g., meditation). This study aimed (1) to translate and validate the recently developed Near-Death Experience Content (NDE-C) scale into Chinese and (2) to quantify and identify NDEs and NDEs-like in China with this new Chinese version of the NDE-C scale., Methods: Here, we presented the work that had been performed to translate the NDE-C scale into Chinese and validated this version on 79 NDE testimonies., Results: Brislin's back-translation model was performed to translate a Chinese version of the NDE-C scale and internal consistency (the Cronbach's α value for the total group = 0.846) as well as the confirmatory factor analysis was conducted., Discussion: Currently, the Chinese version of the NDE-C scale is ready for use in research practice in the context of Eastern culture, to screen people who have experienced an NDEs(-like) and to quantify their subjective experience, promoting further NDEs-related research in China., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Chen, Martial, Shen, Cassol, Yu, Zhou, Ni, Li, Hu, Gosseries, Laureys and Di.)
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- 2024
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39. International survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness.
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Farisco M, Formisano R, Gosseries O, Kato Y, Koboyashi S, Laureys S, Lejeune N, Martial C, Matar A, Morrisey AM, Schnakers C, Yakufujiang M, Yamaki T, Veeramuthu V, Zandalasini M, Zasler N, Magliacano A, and Estraneo A
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- Humans, United States, Consciousness Disorders diagnosis, Consciousness Disorders therapy, Rehabilitation Research methods, Prognosis, Consciousness, Disabled Persons
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Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic procedures for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoCs) vary significantly across countries and clinical settings, likely due to organizational factors (e.g., research vs. non-academic hospitals), expertise and availability of resources (e.g., financial and human). Two international guidelines, one from the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and one from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in collaboration with the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), were developed to facilitate consistent practice among professionals working with this challenging patient population. While the recommendations of both guidelines agree in principle, it remains an open issue how to implement them into clinical practice in the care pathway for patients with pDoCs. We conducted an online survey to explore health professional clinical practices related to the management of patients with pDoCs, and compare said practices with selected recommendations from both the guidelines. The survey revealed that while some recommendations are being followed, others are not and/or may require more honing/specificity to enhance their clinical utility. Particular attention should be given to the implementation of a multimodal assessment of residual consciousness, to the detection and treatment of pain, and to the impact of restrictions imposed by COVID-19 pandemics on the involvement of patients' families/representatives., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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40. Correction to: International survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness.
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Farisco M, Formisano R, Gosseries O, Kato Y, Koboyashi S, Laureys S, Lejeune N, Martial C, Matar A, Morrisey AM, Schnakers C, Yakufujiang M, Yamaki T, Veeramuthu V, Zandalasini M, Zasler N, Magliacano A, and Estraneo A
- Published
- 2024
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41. Exploring awareness in cardiac arrest studies: Methodological challenges.
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Martial C, Fritz P, Lejeune N, and Gosseries O
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- Humans, Heart Arrest therapy, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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- 2024
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42. Depth of sedation with dexmedetomidine increases transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potential amplitude non-linearly.
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Cardone P, Bodart O, Kirsch M, Sanfilippo J, Virgillito A, Martial C, Simon J, Wannez S, Sanders RD, Laureys S, Massimini M, Vandewalle G, Bonhomme V, and Gosseries O
- Subjects
- Humans, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Dexmedetomidine pharmacology, Anesthesia
- Abstract
Background: Cortical excitability is higher in unconsciousness than in wakefulness, but it is unclear how this relates to anaesthesia. We investigated cortical excitability in response to dexmedetomidine, the effects of which are not fully known., Methods: We recorded transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and EEG in frontal and parietal cortex of 20 healthy subjects undergoing dexmedetomidine sedation in four conditions (baseline, light sedation, deep sedation, recovery). We used the first component (0-30 ms) of the TMS-evoked potential (TEP) to measure cortical excitability (amplitude), slope, and positive and negative peak latencies (collectively, TEP indices). We used generalised linear mixed models to test the effect of condition, brain region, and responsiveness on TEP indices., Results: Compared with baseline, amplitude in the frontal cortex increased by 6.52 μV (P<0.001) in light sedation, 4.55 μV (P=0.003) in deep sedation, and 5.03 μV (P<0.001) in recovery. Amplitude did not change in the parietal cortex. Compared with baseline, slope increased in all conditions (P<0.02) in the frontal but not parietal cortex. The frontal cortex showed 5.73 μV higher amplitude (P<0.001), 0.63 μV ms
-1 higher slope (P<0.001), and 2.2 ms shorter negative peak latency (P=0.001) than parietal areas. Interactions between dexmedetomidine and region had effects over amplitude (P=0.004) and slope (P=0.009), with both being higher in light sedation, deep sedation, and recovery compared with baseline., Conclusions: Transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potential amplitude changes non-linearly as a function of depth of sedation by dexmedetomidine, with a region-specific paradoxical increase. Future research should investigate other anaesthetics to elucidate the link between cortical excitability and depth of sedation., (Copyright © 2023 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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43. Validation of the simplified evaluation of consciousness disorders (SECONDs) scale in Mandarin.
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Wang A, Sun L, Cheng L, Hu N, Chen Y, Sanz LRD, Thibaut A, Gosseries O, Laureys S, Martial C, and Di H
- Subjects
- Humans, Glasgow Coma Scale, Consciousness Disorders diagnosis, Coma
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 81,920,108,023); Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation project (grant LZ21H170001); the University and University Hospital of Liège; the Belgian National Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS; SL is research director at FRS-FNRS); the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (Human Brain Project SGA3, specific grant 945,539); the fund Generet; the King Baudouin Foundation; the Fondation Leon Fredericq; the DOCMA project (EU-H2020-MSCA–RISE–778,234); the FNRS PDR project (T.0134.21); the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) within the PRODEX Programme framework; the Public Utility Foundation ‘Université Européenne du Travail’; the Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica; the BIAL Foundation; the Télévie Foundation; the Mind-Science Foundation; and the Mind-Care foundation.
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- 2023
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44. The nature of consciousness in anaesthesia.
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Montupil J, Cardone P, Staquet C, Bonhomme A, Defresne A, Martial C, Alnagger NLN, Gosseries O, and Bonhomme V
- Abstract
Neuroscientists agree on the value of locating the source of consciousness within the brain. Anaesthesiologists are no exception, and have their own operational definition of consciousness based on phenomenological observations during anaesthesia. The full functional correlates of consciousness are yet to be precisely identified, however rapidly evolving progress in this scientific domain has yielded several theories that attempt to model the generation of consciousness. They have received variable support from experimental observations, including those involving anaesthesia and its ability to reversibly modulate different aspects of consciousness. Aside from the interest in a better understanding of the mechanisms of consciousness, exploring the functional tenets of the phenomenological consciousness states of general anaesthesia has the potential to ultimately improve patient management. It could facilitate the design of specific monitoring devices and approaches, aiming at reliably detecting each of the possible states of consciousness during an anaesthetic procedure, including total absence of mental content (unconsciousness), and internal awareness (sensation of self and internal thoughts) with or without conscious perception of the environment (connected or disconnected consciousness, respectively). Indeed, it must be noted that unresponsiveness is not sufficient to infer absence of connectedness or even absence of consciousness. This narrative review presents the current knowledge in this field from a system-level, underlining the contribution of anaesthesia studies in supporting theories of consciousness, and proposing directions for future research., Competing Interests: VB has had financial relationships with the following companies: Orion Pharma, Medtronic, Edwards, and Elsevier. PC and NA are research fellows and OG is research associate at F.R.S-FNRS. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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45. Autonomic nervous system modulation during self-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness.
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Oswald V, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Annen J, Martial C, Bicego A, Rousseaux F, Sombrun C, Harel Y, Faymonville ME, Laureys S, Jerbi K, and Gosseries O
- Subjects
- Humans, Autonomic Nervous System, Benchmarking, Discriminant Analysis, Consciousness, Hallucinogens
- Abstract
Self-induced cognitive trance (SICT) is a voluntary non-ordinary state of consciousness characterized by a lucid yet narrowed awareness of the external surroundings. It involves a hyper-focused immersive experience of flow, expanded inner imagery, modified somatosensory processing, and an altered perception of self and time. SICT is gaining attention due to its potential clinical applications. Similar states of non-ordinary state of consciousness, such as meditation, hypnosis, and psychedelic experiences, have been reported to induce changes in the autonomic nervous system. However, the functioning of the autonomic nervous system during SICT remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of SICT on the cardiac and respiratory signals of 25 participants proficient in SICT. To accomplish this, we measured various metrics of heart rate variability (HRV) and respiration rate variability (RRV) in three conditions: resting state, SICT, and a mental imagery task. Subsequently, we employed a machine learning framework utilizing a linear discriminant analysis classifier and a cross-validation scheme to identify the features that exhibited the best discrimination between these three conditions. The results revealed that during SICT, participants experienced an increased heart rate and a decreased level of high-frequency (HF) HRV compared to the control conditions. Additionally, specific increases in respiratory amplitude, phase ratio, and RRV were observed during SICT in comparison to the other conditions. These findings suggest that SICT is associated with a reduction in parasympathetic activity, indicative of a hyperarousal state of the autonomic nervous system during SICT., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2023
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46. Electroencephalographic Signature of Out-of-Body Experiences Induced by Virtual Reality: A Novel Methodological Approach.
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Martial C, Cassol H, Slater M, Bourdin P, Mensen A, Oliva R, Laureys S, and Núñez P
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- Humans, Emotions, Touch, Electroencephalography, Virtual Reality
- Abstract
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are subjective experiences of seeing one's own body and the environment from a location outside the physical body. They can arise spontaneously or in specific conditions, such as during the intake of dissociative drug. Given its unpredictable occurrence, one way to empirically study it is to induce subjective experiences resembling an OBE using technology such as virtual reality. We employed a complex multisensory method of virtual embodiment in a virtual reality scenario with seven healthy participants to induce virtual OBE-like experiences. Participants performed two conditions in a randomly determined order. For both conditions, the participant's viewpoint was lifted out of the virtual body toward the ceiling of the virtual room, and real body movements were (visuo-tactile ON condition) or were not (visuo-tactile OFF condition) translated into movements on the virtual body below-the latter aiming to maintain a feeling of connection with the virtual body. A continuous 128-electrode EEG was recorded. Participants reported subjective experiences of floating in the air and of feeling high up in the virtual room at a strong intensity, but a weak to moderate feeling of being "out of their body" in both conditions. The EEG analysis revealed that this subjective experience was associated with a power shift that manifested in an increase of delta and a decrease of alpha relative power. A reduction of theta complexity and an increase of beta-2 connectivity were also found. This supports the growing body of evidence revealing a prominent role of delta activity during particular conscious states., (© 2023 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)
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- 2023
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47. From nose to brain: The effect of lemon inhalation observed by whole brain voxel to voxel functional connectivity.
- Author
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Martial C, Poirrier AL, Pottier L, Cassol H, Mortaheb S, Panda R, Lopez M, Perrin T, Boilevin A, Gosseries O, and Laureys S
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Attention, Thalamus diagnostic imaging, Brain, Brain Mapping
- Abstract
Lemon fragrance is known for its stimulating properties, but its mechanisms of action are not well known yet. This study aimed to examine the effect of lemon essential oil inhalation on healthy participants' alertness level and their neural correlates using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-one healthy men underwent functional MRI scans in different conditions: a resting state condition, a condition where they were exposed to passive lemon smelling (alternating exposure to lemon and breathing fresh air), and a control condition without lemon fragrance diffusion -the order of the last two conditions being randomized. Alertness levels were assessed immediately after each condition using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Voxel-wise whole-brain global functional connectivity and graph theory analyses were computed to investigate brain functional connectivity and network topology alterations. After lemon fragrance inhalation, we observed a higher level of alertness as compared to resting state -but not compared to control condition. During lemon fragrance inhalation, we found increased global functional connectivity in the thalamus, paralleled by decreased global connectivity in several cortical regions such as precuneus, postcentral and precentral gyrus, lateral occipital cortex and paracingulate gyrus. Graph theory analysis revealed increased network integration in cortical regions typically involved in olfaction and emotion processing such as olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and thalamus, while decreased network segregation in several regions of the posterior part of the brain during olfaction as compared to resting state. The present findings suggest that lemon essential oil inhalation could increase the level of alertness., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest none., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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48. Unresponsive but Not Necessarily Unconscious: An Introduction to the Special Focus.
- Author
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Martial C and Gosseries O
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- 2023
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49. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on total, sex- and age-specific all-cause mortality in 20 countries worldwide during 2020: results from the C-MOR project.
- Author
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Demetriou CA, Achilleos S, Quattrocchi A, Gabel J, Critselis E, Constantinou C, Nicolaou N, Ambrosio G, Bennett CM, Le Meur N, Critchley JA, Mortensen LH, Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Chong M, Denissov G, Klepac P, Goldsmith LP, Costa AJL, Hagen TP, Chan Sun M, Huang Q, Pidmurniak N, Zucker I, Cuthbertson J, Burström B, Barron M, Eržen I, Stracci F, Calmon W, Martial C, Verstiuk O, Kaufman Z, Tao W, Kereselidze M, Chikhladze N, Polemitis A, and Charalambous A
- Subjects
- Female, Male, Humans, Pandemics, Italy, France, Age Factors, Mortality, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, this study investigates overall, sex- and age-specific excess all-cause mortality in 20 countries, during 2020., Methods: Total, sex- and age-specific weekly all-cause mortality for 2015-2020 was collected from national vital statistics databases. Excess mortality for 2020 was calculated by comparing weekly 2020 observed mortality against expected mortality, estimated from historical data (2015-2019) accounting for seasonality, long- and short-term trends. Crude and age-standardized rates were analysed for total and sex-specific mortality., Results: Austria, Brazil, Cyprus, England and Wales, France, Georgia, Israel, Italy, Northern Ireland, Peru, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the USA displayed substantial excess age-standardized mortality of varying duration during 2020, while Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Mauritius, Norway, and Ukraine did not. In sex-specific analyses, excess mortality was higher in males than females, except for Slovenia (higher in females) and Cyprus (similar in both sexes). Lastly, for most countries substantial excess mortality was only detectable (Austria, Cyprus, Israel, and Slovenia) or was higher (Brazil, England and Wales, France, Georgia, Italy, Northern Ireland, Sweden, Peru and the USA) in the oldest age group investigated. Peru demonstrated substantial excess mortality even in the <45 age group., Conclusions: This study highlights that excess all-cause mortality during 2020 is context dependent, with specific countries, sex- and age-groups being most affected. As the pandemic continues, tracking excess mortality is important to accurately estimate the true toll of COVID-19, while at the same time investigating the effects of changing contexts, different variants, testing, quarantine, and vaccination strategies., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.)
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- 2023
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50. The current and future contribution of neuroimaging to the understanding of disorders of consciousness.
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Alnagger N, Cardone P, Martial C, Laureys S, Annen J, and Gosseries O
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain physiopathology, Forecasting, Consciousness physiology, Consciousness Disorders diagnostic imaging, Consciousness Disorders physiopathology, Neuroimaging methods
- Abstract
Patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) represent a group of severely brain-injured patients with varying capacities for consciousness in terms of both wakefulness and awareness. The current state-of-the-art for assessing these patients is through standardised behavioural examinations, but inaccuracies are commonplace. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques have revealed vast insights into the relationships between neural alterations, andcognitive and behavioural features of consciousness in patients with DoC. This has led to the establishment of neuroimaging paradigms for the clinical assessment of DoC patients. Here, we review selected neuroimaging findings on the DoC population, outlining key findings of the dysfunction underlying DoC and presenting the current clinical utility of neuroimaging tools. We discuss that whilst individual brain areas play instrumental roles in generating and supporting consciousness, activation of these areas alone is not sufficient for conscious experience. Instead, for consciousness to arise, we need preserved thalamo-cortical circuits, in addition to sufficient connectivity between distinctly differentiated brain networks, underlined by connectivity both within, and between such brain networks. Finally, we present recent advances and future perspectives in computational methodologies applied to DoC, supporting the notion that progress in the science of DoC will be driven by a symbiosis of these data-driven analyses, and theory-driven research. Both perspectives will work in tandem to provide mechanistic insights contextualised within theoretical frameworks which ultimately inform the practice of clinical neurology., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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