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Stucco was an art considered, for many years, as a “minor art”. According to Cotrim (Cotrim, 2004), the depreciation of this decorative art resulted in the reduced number of works produced, influencing the state of degradation in which the plastered elements in old buildings are found. Still according to the same author, not long ago, adaptations of old buildings were made to accommodate offices that, for reasons of “modernization”, could not boast old decorations, so that these ceilings were hidden or, in many cases, simply destroyed. “The execution of plastered elements, following traditional techniques, constituted an artistic branch of the construction industry, whose loss of information currently makes pathological diagnosis and the choice of conservation or repair solutions difficult”. (Silveira, Veiga & Brito, 2001, p. 2) This communication aims to present the case study of the atrium ceiling at the entrance of the São Bento train station in Porto, Portugal. Built during the end of the 19th century and opened in the beginning of the 20th century, when the value of stucco was already in decline. However, in this case, fortunately, what we find is not a technique that shows signs of depreciation, quite the contrary, the building in particular was built mixing new techniques and materials characteristic of the new century with the traditional techniques and materials of the production of the previous century , combining wood and iron, composing a mixed structure. The investigation seeks to understand and present the constructive solutions of this ceiling, with unique characteristics, in order to disseminate them and encourage the appreciation and preservation of stuccoes and their old structures. This study is essential to understand the evolution of the structural system of stucco ceilings from the 19th to the 20th century. (Kings, 2021). Thus, it is expected that the present work will contribute to the deepening of knowledge about these structures, of which we still lack information to properly come to preserve them, reaffirming their relevance in academic discussions. This study is part of an ongoing doctoral project at the Catholic University of Porto. Escola das Artes and CITAR, entitled Structural Typologies of Portuguese Stucco Ceilings from the 17th to the 20th Centuries.

In Portugal, conservation and refurbishment interventions on monuments (churches, convents, palaces and fortresses), as well as on historical centers (dwelling buildings), have been assuming increasing relevance. In order to guarantee the present requirements of habitability and aesthetic appearance of the monument without changing its essential character, in conservation interventions, it is necessary to implement wall-covering solutions compatible with the background and the pre-existing materials. In this work, the application to a case study of a diagnosis methodology for the definition of the probable causes of the anomalies and for the evaluation of the state of conservation of renders and plasters is described. The measures adopted for the repair of the anomalies are presented and aim at controlling the causes and minimizing their effects.

O estudo dos revestimentos exteriores tem vindo a adquirir, nos ultimos anos, avancos metodologicos, cientificos e tecnicos. Estes revestimentos sao elementos importantes da estrutura edificada, pois para alem de terem uma funcao protectora apresentam tambem muitas vezes uma funcao decorativa relevante para a imagem do edificio. A manutencao destes revestimentos implica a conservacao das tecnicas construtivas tradicionais e o uso de materiais de restauro compativeis e o mais similares possivel ao original. Uma das principais formas de degradacao e a perda de coesao, que consiste na perda da resistencia mecânica das camadas de reboco devido a perda ou a alteracao da ligacao entre particulas, provocando diversas anomalias, tais como: desagregacao e pulverulencia. Estas anomalias nao podem ser reparadas com as tecnicas actuais da construcao, que preveem a sua substituicao por novos revestimentos, perdendo-se a historia dos materiais e da tecnologia da construcao. O principal objectivo deste estudo e definir uma metodologia de restauro conservativa, usando estrategias de manutencao dos revestimentos e das tecnicas construtivas tradicionais, onde haja uma intervencao minima, utilizando materiais compativeis com os originais. Escolheu-se a tecnica de consolidacao como metodo para a preservacao destes revestimentos. Neste artigo descrevem-se a tecnica e os produtos utilizados para a consolidacao da falta de coesao, apresenta-se um conjunto de ensaios para avaliar a respectiva eficacia, analisam-se os resultados obtidos e em conclusao faz-se uma reflexao sobre a aplicabilidade destas tecnicas. Mediante os resultados obtidos apresenta-se ainda um conjunto de propostas para ensaios futuros.

The conservation and durability of historical renders must be carried out through compatible techniques and materials. An important operation is the restitution of historical renders cohesion, turned friable by the loss of binder, usually due to physical and/or chemical actions. Surface consolidation is based on the use of materials with aggregating properties. This operation is reached usually through the application of organic or mineral consolidants, but inorganic consolidants are becoming preferred due to better compatibility and durability. In this article two mineral compatible consolidation products were studied: a commercial suspension of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in propanol and a limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate. Microscopy (optical and scanning electron microscopy) and X-ray microanalyses of the consolidation products and of the consolidated mortar specimens were carried out. To assess the mechanical properties and product's efficacy, analyses of the compression, flexural strength, and superficial hardness were performed. Microscopy results show that limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate forms platelike silica gels, which can interfere in product penetration. Otherwise, nanolime particles permit homogeneous distribution and optimum penetration on the treated substrate, improving cementing action and the agglomeration process.

A terceirização é tendência atual dos modernos modelos de atividade empresarial, que buscam a maximização da produtividade e dos lucros, através da adoção de formas de diminuição de custos. É a contratação de mão de obra através de empresa interposta, visando direcionar o máximo de recursos para a consecução da atividade fim, ou a confecção do produto final. A legislação trabalhista manifestou-se inicialmente sobre o assunto, já no artigo 455 da CLT, que regulamenta o trabalho temporário. A Lei 6.019/74 criou a figura do trabalhador temporário, e em 1983 surgiu a Lei 7.102, específica sobre a locação de serviços de segurança bancária e transporte de valores. Com a disseminação descontrolada das empresas locadoras de mão de obra, o TST instituiu em 1986 o Enunciado 256, e em 1993 o Enunciado 331, como forma de alerta às empresas contratantes, para considerarem a idoneidade das prestadoras.Autores identificam na terceirização uma face positiva, que é a descentralização empresarial e a concentração dos recursos na área produtiva. Mas também uma face negativa, chamada terceirização “ilegal”, que é a locação permanente da mão de obra, trazendo sérios prejuízos para os trabalhadores.

Submitted by António Santos Silva (ssilva@lnec.pt) on 2013-08-21T14:02:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Borsoi et al_abstract.pdf: 32159 bytes, checksum: e2707ff0ae54e41464f60eda214fb57a (MD5) Rejected by arlindo@lnec.pt(arlindo@lnec.pt), reason: Acrescentar nas palavras chave nanoparticles ou equivalente on 2013-08-21T15:01:31Z (GMT) Submitted by António Santos Silva (ssilva@lnec.pt) on 2013-08-21T15:11:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Borsoi et al_abstract.pdf: 32159 bytes, checksum: e2707ff0ae54e41464f60eda214fb57a (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by arlindo@lnec.pt(arlindo@lnec.pt) on 2013-08-21T15:12:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Borsoi et al_abstract.pdf: 32159 bytes, checksum: e2707ff0ae54e41464f60eda214fb57a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-21T15:12:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borsoi et al_abstract.pdf: 32159 bytes, checksum: e2707ff0ae54e41464f60eda214fb57a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-20T16:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1838 bytes, checksum: 72647f70fb80bcf8438465294cbf7587 (MD5) Borsoi et al_abstract.pdf: 32159 bytes, checksum: e2707ff0ae54e41464f60eda214fb57a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T10:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Borsoi et al_abstract.pdf: 32159 bytes, checksum: e2707ff0ae54e41464f60eda214fb57a (MD5) license.txt: 1838 bytes, checksum: 72647f70fb80bcf8438465294cbf7587 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 This study was developed within a Project (Limencontech - Conservation and durability of historical renders: compatible techniques and materials) financed by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal); special thanks goes to Paula Menezes for SEM-EDS analysis and to Bento Sabala and Ana Maria Duarte for mechanical tests. 4 2 942-947pp Vols. 730-732 DM/NMM Materials Science Forum