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During the course of a study on inorganic salt metabolism in dogs which has been in progress in this laboratory for the past 4 years, it has frequently been observed that convulsions, usually followed by death, occur in the experimental animals after the sudden alteration of the acid-base balance of the diet. The convulsions appear to result from an increase in the acid or alkali content of the diet beyond the limit of tolerance of the animal as well as after the sudden reversal of the dietary reaction. The nutritive condition of the dogs has been excellent, there having been no known dietary fault other than a disproportion of its acid-base balance. The onset of the symptoms has been sudden, the attacks, which are characterized by marked twitching, clonic contractions of the limbs, rapid respiration, gasping for breath and excessive salivation, are of short duration, as a rule. The animals recover quickly and appear to be hungry, eating with relish any food that may be available. From the standpoint of o...

Summary1. The condition shown in Fig. 1 represents a non-inflammatory type of parodontoclasia in a dog.2. The occurrence of the retrograde changes in Fig. 1 in relation to a diet known to produce osseous degeneration, together with a reversal of the type of bone change with a reversal of the dietary fault, postulates that nutrition is an important etiologic factor.3. The microscopic appearance of the tissues shown in Fig. 1 resembles diffuse atrophy in human tissues as described by Gottlieh.44. The condition described as resulting from the basic diet cccurred without any obvious degenerative changes in the long bones and in an animal apparently in good health, robust and well-nourished. This is in conformity with the occurrence of parodontoclasia in humans who seem to be in perfect health.5. The freedom from inflammatory reaction of the soft tissues may be due in part to the high resistance to infection char-acteristic of the tissues of the dog, and in part to lack of function. The dogs were fed on pap, r...

Studies on inorganic salt metabolism in dogs and rats which have been in progress in this laboratory during the past two years indicate that a bone condition comparable in all essential respects to that seen in rachitic children may be produced in young puppies on a diet, which, as far as we have been able to determine, is adequate in respect to protein, fat, carbohydrate, inorganic salts and vitamins but possesses a high potential alkalinity; while parallel experiments with the same diets on rats have invariably resulted in normal bone development.Our basal diet consisted of bread, cooked lean beef, skimmed milk powder, butter fat and fresh orange juice made into a mush with distilled water. To this was added a salt mixture, the composition of which was based on ash analyses of cow's milk, except that the phosphorus was omitted and different proportions of calcium were used. The phosphorus content of the diets was varied by adding dibasic potassium phosphate to the above salt mixture, and the degree of a...

INTRODUCTION Reviewing the literature on blood studies one is struck by the comparatively few extensive investigations which have been carried on with the blood of the new-born. The morpohologic variations in hemoglobin and cells have received more consideration than any other phase of the problem. The chemistry of the blood of the new-born has been given little attention. Sedgwick's1findings stand out as the most extensive and illuminating, and Slemon's2investigations on maternal and fetal blood are fundamental, furnishing conclusive evidence of the mechanistic function of the placenta. Coagulation has been given little real attention and except for isolated studies on individual cases of hemorrhages of the new-born few, beside Rodda,3have attempted to analyze the factors entering into this problem. We have, therefore, attempted to bring together all these phases—morphology, chemistry, coagulation and pigment metabolism—into a combined study of the blood of the normal new-born

In a recent paper 1 Williams, for many years one of the foremost investigators in the field of dentistry, made the following statement: "One thing is plain beyond all controversy—decay of the human teeth will not be prevented until we have learned how to control the acid forming bacteria in the mouth. Remove the action of those organisms from the teeth and dental caries will cease, because a perfectly clean tooth cannot decay ." Dentists, physicians and research workers the world over for the past fifty years, at least, seem to have been unanimous in their opinion that the decay of human teeth is caused by acid products produced by bacteria in the oral cavity. Opinion has differed, however, as to the specific organisms responsible for the acid produced and as to how its formation could be prevented. If it is true that only acid formed by bacteria in the mouth

In reading the literature on the subject of tooth decay, a subject which is becoming increasingly interesting and important to biologists and medical men, as well as to dentists, one gains the impression that the development of bone and that of teeth go "hand in hand," and that any factor which affects the one affects the other in the same direction and to the same extent. We have been unable to find any reports on the relationship of these two tissues in infants. The impression that has gotten into the literature and the mind of the public, we believe, is largely due to the writings of Mrs. May Mellanby, whose studies on tooth decay, a process which primarily involves enamel, have been largely devoted to a microscopic study of dentin. An observation was made by one of us (M. R. J.) some years ago, 1 that a type of surface

During the last four years we have observed the effect of unusually one-sided diets on human teeth as well as on growth and general health. A series of articles have been written on our findings, especially in regard to a peculiar form of dental decay called odontoclasia, which affects the deciduous teeth. That this condition or any type of dental decay is caused entirely or partially by diet has long been a matter of contention. Soft food has been regarded as a cause by some, and sugar, heredity, lack of calcium or disturbance of the calcium-phosphorus ratio and deficiency in various vitamins, especially in vitamins C and D, by others. Mothers have usually accepted the decay of deciduous teeth as nature's way of getting rid of the weak milk teeth. In a previous paper 1 attention was called to the excellent teeth of the ancient Hawaiians. The teeth of 22

During the course of a study on inorganic salt metabolism in dogs and rats which has been in progress in the Department of Pediatrics of the University of California Medical School for the last two years, it has been observed that rickets develops in young puppies on a diet which appears to be adequate in respect to protein, fat, carbohydrate, inorganic salts and vitamins, but possesses a relatively high potential alkalinity. Parallel experiments with rats on the same diets have invariably resulted in normal bone development. Schabad1and others have shown that in infants with active rickets the distribution of calcium and phosphorus between the urine and the feces is different from that which occurs in normal individuals—there being a much higher proportion of the total excretion lost in the feces of the former than in those of the latter. Experimentally, we have confirmed this, and have furthermore been