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En este artículo propongo una lectura crítica sobre las relaciones entre soberanía y escritura en la novela Yo el Supremo, del escritor paraguayo Augusto Roa Bastos. Centrándome en las distintas alusiones y el rol desempeñado por las manos en la novela, abordo cómo la novela plantea una sofisticada revisión de la soberanía, explorando las dualidades de los cuerpos biológico y político del soberano. Sostengo que la figura del soberano se reconfigura a través de la mimetización y replicación de su letra manuscrita, tensionando la relación entre documento y ficción y propiciando la muerte del cuerpo político del soberano. Mi artículo examine cinco formas singulares de escritura correspondientes a diversos movimientos de manos en la novela que dan cuenta de las ambivalencias de la soberanía. Divido el artículo en estas cinco formas: «la mano que ordena», «la mano que (le) escribe», «las manos que (des)ordenan», «Las manos que mueven» y «La mano que borra». Estas categorías permiten demostrar cómo la figura del soberano trasciende la dualidad cuerpo biológico-cuerpo político, tal como Ernst Kantorowicz argumenta, y se configura como un ensamblaje de múltiples cuerpos, materialidades y escrituras. Este ensamblaje me permite demostrar cómo Roa Bastos supera la representación histórica de la figura del dictador como representante de la soberanía, presentando en cambio una compleja red de manos que hacen viable el poder soberano. En conclusión, sugiero cómo la posibilidad de imitar la letra del soberano resulta en la muerte de la dualidad cuerpo biológico-cuerpo político., In this article, I propose a critical reading of the relationships between sovereignty and writing in the novel «Yo el Supremo» by Paraguayan author Augusto Roa Bastos. Focusing on various allusions and the role played by hands in the novel, I delve into how the narrative offers a sophisticated review of sovereignty, exploring the dualities of the sovereign’s biological and political bodies. I argue that the figure of the sovereign is reconfigured through the mimicking and replication of its handwritten letter, which tensions the relationship between document and fiction and prompts the death of the sovereign’s political body. My article examines five singular forms of writing that correspond to various hand movements in the novel, reflecting the ambivalences of sovereignty. I divide the article into these five forms: «the hand that commands,» «the hand that (writes for) him,» «the hands that (dis)order,» «The hands that move,» and «The hand that erases». These categories demonstrate how the figure of the sovereign transcends the biological-political body duality, as argued by Ernst Kantorowicz, and is instead configured as an assemblage of multiple bodies, materialities, and writings. This assemblage allows me to demonstrate how Roa Bastos surpasses the historical representation of the dictator figure as a representative of sovereignty, instead presenting a complex network of hands that make sovereign power viable. In conclusion, I suggest how the possibility of mimicking the sovereign’s handwriting results in the death of the biological-political body duality.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine whether 10-20-30 training (consecutive 1-min intervals consisting of 30 s at low-speed, 20 s at moderate-speed, and 10 s at high-speed), performed with submaximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs, would lead to improved performance as well as increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2-max) and muscle oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, to examine to what extent the effects would compare to 10-20-30 running conducted with maximal effort. Design: Nineteen males were randomly assigned to 10-20-30 running performed with either submaximal (SUBMAX; n = 11) or maximal (MAX; n = 8) effort, which was conducted three times/week for 6 weeks (intervention; INT). Before and after INT, subjects completed a 5-km running test and a VO2-max test, and a biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis. Results: After compared to before INT, SUBMAX and MAX improved (p < 0.05) 5-km performance by 3.0% (20.8 ± 0.4 (means±SE) vs. 21.5 ± 0.4 min) and 2.3% (21.2 ± 0.4 vs. 21.6 ± 0.4 min), respectively, and VO2-max was ~7% higher (p < 0.01) in both SUBMAX (57.0 ± 1.3 vs. 53.5 ± 1.1 mL/min/kg) and MAX (57.8 ± 1.2 vs. 53.7 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg), with no difference in the changes between groups. In SUBMAX, muscle OXPHOS was unchanged, whereas in MAX, muscle OXPHOS subunits (I-IV) and total OXPHOS (5.5 ± 0.3 vs 4.7 ± 0.3 A.U.) were 9%–29% higher (p < 0.05) after compared to before INT. Conclusion: Conducting 10-20-30 training with a non-maximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs is as efficient in improving 5-km performance and VO2-max as maximal effort exercise, whereas increase in muscle OXPHOS occur only when the 10-s high-speed runs are performed with maximal effort.

The university stage is a good time to promote healthy eating strategies. The sociological and cultural changes experienced by students lead them to skip meals, increase their intake of fast food and energy-dense foods, decreasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Professionals related to food such as nutritionists and dietitians are also considered a population at risk of developing eating disorders due to the extensive knowledge they possess, which can be used for both good and bad practice. The objective was to analyze the impact of a 4-month educational program promoting the Mediterranean diet on risky eating behaviors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and body composition in nutrition and dietetics students, studying the differences according to the group investigated (control group and educated group). The context of the research was 196 students (49 males and 147 females) from two consecutive years. The control group did not receive any type of intervention, while with the control group (educated) an educational program was carried out. Results showed that women with greater control over energy intake, carbohydrates, and sugar had a lower percentage of fat mass, while in men, the relationship was established with weight. Regarding adherence to the Mediterranean diet, at post, it is adequate in both men (8.25 ± 2.87) and women (7.90 ± 2.89), with no significant differences between the intervention groups.

Objectives The main objective of this study is to understand how diet affects performance and cardiovascular health in a group of women participating in a demanding aerobic race such as marathon, compared to men. Methods Fifteen women participating in the Barcelona Marathon-2016 were recruited to participate in the study. A group of men (n = 15) that performed the same marathon race was selected. Anthropometric parameters and diet records were collected before the race. Circulating parameters were analyzed 24¿h-pre-race, immediately after the race and 48¿h-post-race. These included certain minerals, lipid profile, muscle damage, inflammatory and cardiovascular health markers. Results Diets were very similar in the men and women, with inadequate amounts of carbohydrates and proteins for endurance events. Creatine kinase (CK; a muscle damage marker) and C-reactive protein (CRP; a marker of inflammation) remained elevated 48¿h post-race in all participants, but was significant in women (641 vs. 143¿U/L for CK and 5.8 vs. 0.7 mg/dL for CRP). Cardiac markers (high sensitivity troponin T (Hs-TnT), suppression of tumorigenicity and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide) increased post-race and returned to pre-race values after 48¿h in men and women. In particular, Hs-TnT (marker of myocyte stress) increased from 2.2 to 62.5 ng/L post-race in women and from 3.1 to 52.9 ng/L in men. Finally, circulating lipid parameters were at borderline unhealthy levels in both sexes. Conclusion Structural and functional cardiac advantages that women display compared to men in aerobic efforts are not manifested when diet is not adequately designed., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)