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Copyright of La Granja, de Ciencias de la Vida is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digestive and carcass indicators are studied in Rhode Island Red chickens in two rearing systems. A total of 120 animals were used, which intake a diet with 15 % of processed Mucuna pruriens, distributed according to a completely random design. Two treatments were established: rearing in captivity and free, with grazing on native vegetation. A total of 30 birds per treatment were sacrificed. The carcass, gastrointestinal tract, gizzard, and empty small and large intestines were weighed. The weight of the small and large intestine increased 0.72 g/kg of live weight in the animals that had free access to grazing. The rest of the indicators did not differ between treatments. It is concluded that the free rearing of Rhode Island Red chickens, which intake processed Mucuna pruriens, modifies the organ related to fiber digestion. This is due to the intake of native vegetation, and does not influence on carcass yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the nutritional value of Roystonea regia fruit (palm kernel) meal for feeding broilers, an experiment was developed with 40 male animals, distributed in four treatments according to a completely randomized design: control (corn-soybean paste) and inclusion of 5, 10 and 15 % of palm kernel meal. The physical and chemical composition of the ingredient was calculated using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation was applied to demonstrate the association degree among indicators. Apparent fecal retention of nutrients was studied by total excreta collection method. Crude protein was moderate, while ether extract and fiber fractionation contents were high. The analysis of physical properties showed low solubility and greater buffering capacity against acids with respect to bases (0.61 vs 0.24 meq). There was a high correlation between chemical and physical characteristics (greater than 85 %). Apparent fecal retention of neutral detergent fiber showed a reduction from 10 % inclusion of palm kernel meal in the ration, while control and 5 % did not differ among treatments. Regarding ether extract, the highest coefficient was reached with 5 %, and the lowest with 15 % (88.04 and 83.38 %, respectively) (P<0.05). It is concluded that palm kernel meal has adequate nutritional value for feeding broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amount of 40 male broilers, fed Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook fruit meal in the ration, were used to determine morphometric indicators of their gastrointestinal tract. A completely randomized design was applied with four treatments, which consisted in the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15% of palm kernel meal in the diet. At 42 days, animals were weighed and sacrificed. Gizzard, caeca and accessory organs (liver and pancreas) were weighed. There was an increase of gizzard size (23.28, 26.55, 25.68 g.kg-1) and of the empty caeca (4.42, 4.31, 5.38 g.kg-1) with respect to control (P <0.05). It is concluded that the inclusion of palm kernel meal in diets for broilers increased the weight of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, related to mechanical and fermentative digestion, which improves the use of the fibrous fraction by the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forty-day-old male broilers (HE21) were used to study the blood indicators with the incorporation of Roystonea regia fruit meal (royal palm nut meal) in the diet. Birds were distributed according to a completely randomized design in four treatments and ten repetitions: control (cornsoybean) and three levels of inclusion of palm meal: 5, 10 and 15%. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), total protein concentration and cholesterol as well as triglycerides (TG) were determined in blood. No differences were observed in blood hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration with respect to the control. However, total protein concentration increased in all treatments including the ingredient, compared to the control (44.40, 44.22 and 45.78 vs. 41.72 g/L, respectively) (p<0.05). Cholesterol decreased with 5% inclusion of palm meal in the diet (p<0.05), which differed from the rest (control, 10% and 15%). Triglyceride concentration was lower with 5% and 15% in relation to the control and 10% (1.07 and 0.98 vs. 1.38 and 1.36 mmol / L, respectively) (p<0.05). It is concluded that the inclusion of palm meal up to 15% in the diet of broilers constitutes an alternative feed source that does not represent any harm to the health of the animal, since the changes that occur in the blood parameters are in the reference values for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of different dehydration methods on physicochemical properties of Roystonea regia nuts (royal palm nuts), three treatments were established, consisting of three methods for drying seeds: in an oven at 45ºC, open air and in a solar dryer. The fresh sample constituted the control. Physical properties like sphericity, weight of 1,000 nuts, apparent and real density, as well as porosity, were studied. The content of dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract and fiber fractionation were determined. For the variables weight loss and bed temperature, the mixed generalized linear model was used, with repeated measurements over time. Analysis of variance was applied for analyzing physicochemical properties, according to a completely randomized design. Interaction in temperature (sampling hours x treatment) was observed, and there was no effect on weight loss. This last indicator decreased as drying time increased (0.92, 0.79, 0.64, 0.48 kg for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, P <0.0001). There were no differences among treatments for physical properties, but there were differences regarding the fresh sample. However, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fiber and lignin varied. Results allowed to conclude that the dehydration method did not influence on weight loss nor on palm nuts properties. However, it was found that, out of the three studied methods, the use of solar dryer favors chemical composition of the grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) forage meal intake cv. Supergenius on blood indicators of colostomized broilers, a total of 24 animals (hybrids EB34), of 47 d age, were used. The birds were distributed in three treatments and eight repetitions, according to completely randomized design. The treatments consisted in a control diet (soybean- maize) and the inclusion of 10 and 20 % of moringa forage meal. Hematocrit, total proteins, albumin and total cholesterol were determined. The hematological values did not showed significant differences between treatments and remained in the physiological range for the species. Total cholesterol decreased (P <0.05) with respect to the control diet. It is concluded that the intake of moringa forage meal did not change the blood indicators of protein profile in the diet of colostomized broilers. However, total cholesterol levels decreased, which is beneficial to the birds' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amount of 40 male broilers was used for determining the activity of pancreatic lipase enzyme from broilers that consume Roystonea regia fruit (royal palm nut meal) meal in the ration. A completely randomized design was applied with four treatments, which consisted of replacing 0, 5, 10 and 15 % for royal palm nut meal. At 42 d, they were sacrificed to obtain the pancreas and enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase was determined. Diet effect was observed in this indicator, which was higher in broilers consuming royal palm nut meal, compared to control diet (1983 vs. 2500, 2566, and 3283 mL of NaOH/min/mg of protein, respectively) (P <0.05). It is concluded that royal palm nut meal inclusion in diets for broilers increases the activity of pancreatic lipase enzyme to digest lipids in the gastrointestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the replacement of soybean by Mucuna pruriens (mucuna) grain meal, germinated and non- germinated, in physiological indicators of broilers, a total of 30 male broilers of 21 d of age were used, distributed according to completely randomized design with three treatments. These consisted of an equal number of experimental diets for grower and finisher, respectively: control (maize-soybean paste) and the inclusion of soybean paste by 10% of grain meal of the raw and germinated legume of the ration. Caecal, health and morphometric indicators of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were studied. To the latter, Pearson correlation was performed and, later, multivariate analysis using the principal components method. There was a correlation between the 27 variables studied in the morphometric indicators. The production of total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in cecum was lower with the inclusion of grain meal of the non-germinated legume compared with the rest of treatments that did not differ between each other (176.44 vs 208.30 and 211.20 meq/L). No differences were observed for the immunological organs, blood indicators and main components of carcass and live weight. It is concluded that when supplying diets to birds with mucuna grains, germinated and non-germinating, the GIT weight was modified to make a more efficient use of the food and did not affect the health or the body composition of the broiler which intake the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of establishing the foundations to determine energy sustainability based on the implementation of Renewable Energy Sources (FRE) in the pig center of "El Guayabal" farm. Aspects such as characteristics of the productive scenario, meteorological data of the place, energy demand and possible technological applications based on the use of the FRE were considered, from which the design of a hybrid system with the implementation of these technologies was elaborated. In it, the management of biomass (biogas), solar thermal energy (solar heaters) and solar photovoltaic (photovoltaic panels) was worked on. It was determined that with the electrical energy produced by using biogas, the demand for electricity is covered by 64.84%. The rest of the electricity demand can be covered with the use of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal energy (20.96 and 14.20%, respectively). When carrying out the analysis of the environmental impact, it was evident that the proposed energy system prevents the emission of 9.41 Teq of CO2/ year, 7.95 m³/day of methane into the atmosphere, and the consumption of 4.11 Teq of oil/year. It is also possible to produce 0.13 m³/day of biofertilizers. It is concluded that the proposal constitutes an alternative to minimize damages to the environment, save conventional energy, reduce costs for electricity and obtain biofertilizers that can be marketed and used in different crops; it also improves the conventional energy scheme taking advantage of the FRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of biological processes, such as germination, that manage to reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and improve the nutritional value of legume grains from national production, can constitute an option for the production of animal food for small producers, family and backyard agriculture. The results presented in this proposal are related to the obtaining, chemical characterization and nutritional evaluation of temporary legume sprouts as an alternative for animal feeding. For this, it was worked on optimization of the germination process in Vigna unguiculata (vigna) var. INIFAT 94, Canavalia ensiformis (canavalia) var. White, Lablab purpureus (dolicho) var. Rongai, Glicine max (soybean) var. INCASOY 24 and Mucuna pruriens (mucuna) var. Ashen. The transformations that occur during the germination in the physical characteristics, chemical composition, amino acids profile, and (ANFs) content were studied, which constitutes a contribution to scientific knowledge. In addition, the biochemical and physiological effect caused by the intake of germinated and non- germinated grain meals was determined for the first time, in rat as an experimental model and in broilers as a species of economic interest. The obtained results showed that the transformations that occur during germination vary depending on the species and variation of germination used. Germination produced favorable changes in the protein and carbohydrate fraction, increased the total dietary fiber, the proportion of insoluble / soluble dietary fiber and the available starch content, with decrease in the α-galactosides content and increases in total soluble sugars. It proved to be an effective and promising method for the studied legumes when improve the amino acids balance and nutritional quality, reduce anti-nutritional factors, increase bioactive phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, showing their potential for animal feeding and as a possible ingredient for the formulation of human food with high valueadded. Nutritional studies of germinated grains in birds with inclusion levels in the ration of 20% of vigna, 30% of soybeans and 10% of canavalia and mucuna, showed favorable changes in the digestive physiology and health indicators of the animals, in the specific case of canavalia showed improvement in the immune response. The procedure and experimental sequence used provided methodologies for the selection, collection, characterization and evaluation of sprouts, which can be applied to other species and varieties of legumes with possibilities of use in animal feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]