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Resumen del trabajo presentado a la 4th International Conference on Analytical proteomics, celebrada en Caparica (Portugal) del 7 al 9 de septiembre de 2015., [Purpose]: Chilling injury (CI) constitute a set of physiological disorders causing detrimental effects on quality of fruits when stored after harvest at low temperatures to retard postharvest ripening and to extend their shelf-life. We have applied proteomics analysis to identify potential protein markers of CI and cold stress, and to detect biological processes affected by CI or involved in the plant organ response to deal with the cold stress. [Experimental description]: Fruits (bell peppers and tomatoes) were subjected to postharvest storage and posterior reconditioning at room temperature (20ºC). Storage was performed at a low temperature causing CI (1 and 2ºC respectively) for one batch of fruits and at a higher non-chilling temperature (10 and 12ºC respectively) for another batch used as control. Physiological parameters were determined, such as electrolyte leakage, ethylene production by GC-FID, respiration rate by GC-TCD, lipid peroxidation by MDA production, and sugars, organic acids and ascorbic acid by HPLC-RID/UV. Transmission electron microscopy studies were performed in bell pepper fruit sections. After extraction proteins were separated by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and proteins spots were identified after trypsin digestion with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The search for peptides was fulfilled in batch mode using GPS Explorer v3.5 software with a licensed version of MASCOT, using viridiplantae and SGN databases. [Results and Conclusions]: A comparative proteomics analysis between fruits stored at chilling and non-chilling temperatures with posterior reconditioning was carried out. In tomato fruits storage at low temperature was ended just before visible CI symptoms appeared, but in bell pepper fruits this storage was extended until development of these symptoms. The proteomic study has allowed for the identification of processes occurring in fruit biology that are critically affected by chilling injury such as the activation of stress defense mechanisms starred by stressresponsive proteins (LEAs, HSPs and PRs), and alterations in carbohydrate/energy metabolism, particularly in enzymes from glycolysis, TCA and Calvin cycle, but also involved in stress signaling such as GAPDH, OGDH, INV and aldose-1-epimerase, this last one a potential new protein marker in cold stress. In tomato a remarkable down-regulation of a chloroplastic ATP synthase occurred, which may lead to depletion of intracellular ATP. In bell pepper fruits where CI progress was more advanced the proteomics analysis revealed alterations in redox homeostasis, protein abundance in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle is altered and CAT down-regulated., This work was supported by Fundación Séneca (1897/JLI/13).

Trabajo presentado al congreso "III Jornadas Bienales de jóvenes investigadores en proteómica" celebrado en Santiago de Compostela del 9 al 10 de febrero de 2012., Tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y pimiento (Capsicum annuum), son dos especies hortofrutícolas pertenecientes a la familia Solanaceae susceptibles a sufrir daños por frío cuando se almacenan a bajas temperaturas, lo que afecta seriamente a la calidad de los frutos, siendo causa de importantes pérdidas económicas en el sector agro-alimentario. Una de las principales respuestas celulares al estrés por bajas temperaturas consiste en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis osmótica por la acumulación de osmolitos compatibles, para lo que tiene lugar la reprogramación de metabolismos energéticos como la glicólisis, el ciclo de Calvin y el ciclo de Krebs. Se ha abordado este estudio desde una perspectiva proteómica, comparando el proteoma de tomate y de pimiento sometidos a daños por frío para investigar las diferentes respuestas del metabolismo energético a las bajas temperaturas en frutos de estas dos especies. El análisis proteómico se ha realizado mediante electroforesis 2D-DIGE seguida de la identificación de las proteínas diferencialmente expresadas por MALDI-TOF-MS. Previamente a comparar los perfiles proteómicos de ambas especies, dentro de cada una de ellas se ha realizado una comparativa del perfil de frutos conservados a temperatura que inducen daños por frío y de frutos conservados a temperatura que no inducen dichos daños, con el fin de identificar las proteínas diferencialmente expresadas debido a la fisiopatía. Se han observado alteraciones en la fermentación y en el ciclo de Calvin en pimiento y cambios en el metabolismo de carbohidratos compuestos sacarosa), metabolismo de monosacáridos (glucosa) y cadena de transporte de electrones en tomate. En ambos frutos se han detectado modificaciones en la expresión de enzimas de la glicolisis y del ciclo de Krebs por efecto de la conservación refrigerada, hecho que pone de manifiesto la importancia que estos dos metabolismos parecen tener en la respuesta a los daños por frío., Este trabajo de investigación ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (proyecto PIE2009-40I080), y por la Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (Fundación SENECA) (proyecto 04553/GERM/06). PSB y ISE están contratadas en el marco del programa JAE-DOC del CSIC.

Proceedings of the International Conference “Environmentally friendly and safe technologies for quality of fruit and vegetables”, held in Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal, on January 14-16, 2009. This Conference was a join activity with COST Action 924. The aim of the work is the evaluation of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on fruit quality during postharvest conservation at low temperatures. Melon cultivation was fulfilled at open air with a plastic mulch and drip irrigation (100% of crop evapotranspiration). Nitrogen fertilization was applied at 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1. Melon fruits were harvested at 48-50 d (days) after fruit set, and stored at 9±1 ºC and 85 % RH during 10, 20 and 30 d. After each period of conservation colour, firmness, soluble solids, vitamin C and total nitrogen contents from pulp tissue were analysed. The % fruit weight loss was determined too. No influence from the level of nitrogen fertilization on the quality parameters analysed has been detected. As expected, only total nitrogen content in fruit was affected by the different fertilization treatments. During conservation fruit firmness gradually diminished, % weight loss gradually augmented and at the end of storage vitamin C content decreased. The whole set of results showed that melon plant cultivation could be carried out with low levels of nitrogen fertilization without negatively affecting quality during postharvest, but a compromise must be found in order to avoid a negative effect on fruit production.

Fecha de solicitud:31.05.2002.- Titulares:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).- Universidad Miguel Hernández., [EN]The invention relates to a method for preparing a fruit base serving to prepare sangria, wherein different types of fruits are chosen. The fruits are then selected, classified, cut and peeled, where upon the fruits are crystallized. Once the syrup has been removed from the crystallized fruit, said fruit is frozen, thereby obtaining the fruit base that is added to the wine to prepare sangria.[ES]Procedimiento de preparación de una base de fruta para la elaboración de sangría donde se escogen diferentes tipos de fruta procediéndose a su selección, clasificado, partido y pelado, para pasar después a la fase de confitado y finalmente, separada la fruta del almíbar, a la fase de congelado, estableciendo así la base de fruta que se añade a vino para la elaboración de sangría.

Referencia OEPM: P200000402.-- Fecha de solicitud: 21/02/2000.-- Titulares: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)., La invención consiste en un conservante para flor ornamental cortada, diseñado como una mezcla de compuestos a base de azúcar comercial, ácido cítrico, citrato de sodio, germicida, inhibidor de la síntesis de etileno y humectante, que se prepara para disolver en un litro de agua y mantener en él los claveles cortados. De esta forma la vida comercial útil de la flor cortada se verá considerablemente incrementada. La principal ventaja que presenta esta composición sobre las ya existentes en el mercado es su mayor efectividad, retardando la senescencia o envejecimiento de la flor cortada y el no contener compuestos que puedan ser contaminantes para el medio ambiente o nocivos para la salud humana o de animales.