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Abstract Background The EU Patient-cEntric clinicAl tRial pLatforms (EU-PEARL) project (IMI2-853966) aimed to develop tools to establish integrated research platforms (IRP) for conducting adaptive-design trials in various diseases, including metabolic-dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH). One essential component of a successful MASH IRP is a robust and reliable Clinical Research Network (CRN). Herein, we outline the required elements and anticipated steps to set-up such a CRN. Methods We identified European clinical research sites that could potentially serve as the foundation for MASH IRP and a CRN. A survey was sent to sites to assess their interest in joining a CRN, their familiarity with platform trials, and their capacity to participate in a future MASH IRP. Results A total of 141 investigators were invited to participate in the survey, and 40% responded. More than half of the answers (52%) identify MASH with advanced fibrosis (F3-4) as the subpopulation with the greatest unmet need. Regarding the difficulty in identifying candidates for trials, 65% find it is moderately difficult and 30% very difficult. Most respondents (94%) believe that a platform trial could offer substantial benefits to patients. Nearly all researchers express interest in participating in a platform trial (78%), with 22% indicating their interest would be contingent on initial industry funding. Conclusion While preliminary, our findings on responding sites are encouraging for the potential establishment of a CRN for a MASH IRP. However, funding schemes and sustainability strategies to provide proof-of-platform in MASH seem key in the short-term scenario.

Nos proponemos comparar el desarrollo del lenguaje y la discriminación auditiva de un grupo de niños de 3 a 15 años diagnosticados y tratados precozmente de hipoacusia congénita, de cualquier grado (leve a profunda) uni o bilateral, con otro de normoyentes. Se evaluaron 143 niños (57 con hipoacusia bilateral, 20 unilateral y 66 normoyentes). Se estudió la discriminación auditiva mediante el test EDAF y se analizó el lenguaje, utilizando en los niños de 3 a 6 años la prueba de PLON-R y a partir de los 6 años la batería BLOC-SR. Para conocer las características socio-culturales del grupo familiar, los padres rellenaron un cuestionario. Considerando en conjunto todos los grados de hipoacusia, en el rango de 3 a 6 años, hay un retraso de la competencia lingüística en relación con los normoyentes, que es mayor en la hipoacusia bilateral (1,6 DS) que en la unilateral (0,9 DS). Estas distancias se acortan en el periodo de 7 a 10 años y prácticamente desaparecen en el de 11-15 años. La morfosintaxis es el área del lenguaje con mayores alteraciones. La discriminación fonológica de palabras y la memoria secuencial auditiva guardan una estrecha relación con la evolución del lenguaje hablabdo. En la hipoacusia congénita el desarrollo global del lenguaje se retrasa en el periodo de 3 a 6 años, mejorando con la edad, hasta los 15 años. Se mantienen las diferencias individuales que no dependen solo de la pérdida auditiva, sino de la intervención audiológica, logopédica y educativa. La morfosintaxis es el aspecto más vulnerable.

Summary: CombiVacS study has demonstrated a strong immune response of the heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccine combination. The primary outcomes of the study were to assess the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, 28 days after a third dose of a mRNA vaccine, in subjects that received a previous prime-boost scheme with ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2. Secondary outcomes extended the study to 3 and 6 months. The third vaccine dose of mRNA-1273 in naive participants previously vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 regimen reached higher neutralizing antibodies titers against the variants of concern Delta and BA.1 lineage of Omicron compared with those receiving a third dose of BNT162b2 at day 28. These differences between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 arms were observed against the ancestral variant G614 at day 90. Suboptimal neutralizing response was observed against BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5/XBB.1.9, and JN.1 in a relevant proportion of individuals 180 days after the third dose, even after asymptomatic Omicron breakthrough infections. EudraCT (2021-001978-37); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04860739).

Background: Physical activity has shown beneficial effects for a good state of muscles in aging, but the specific activities of daily living that could be protective remains unclear. This study aimed to analyse the associations of different pattern-recognition-measured daily activities with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in a sample of older adults. Methods: 200 community-dwelling older adults wore the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity for two consecutive days. Twelve major daily activities recorded were merged in to three common intensity categories: sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). For physical performance measurements included, hand grip dynamometer and chair-stand tests were used. Skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Associations of daily activities with the study variables were examined using linear regression models. Results: There were no significant associations between total time spent in SB, LPA, or MVPA and sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity showed a negative association with total time spent in MVPA [ß (95%CI): −0.29 (−0.41, −0.17)]. Walk at a brisk pace was significatively associated with lower limb physical performance, muscle mass and fat mass % [ß (95%CI): 1.15 (0.40, 1.91); 1.45 (0.68, 2.22) and -2.63 (−4.12, −1.14) respectively]. Other MVPA activities were also significatively associated with the same sarcopenic obesity components [ß (95%CI): 4.65 (0.55, 8.75); 8.59 (4.51, 12.67) and -13.98 (−21.96, −5.99) respectively]. Conclusion: Time spent in daily activities of moderate-to-vigorous intensity is negatively associated with sarcopenic obesity but not with sarcopenia.

The particulate and soluble matter present in aerosols from combustible cigarettes (CCs) and Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) was collected in liquid water. These liquids, yellowish in the experiments with cigarettes and colourless after using HTPs, were analysed by Laser Diffraction (LD) and by Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) to study the amount, size, composition, and other features of the particulate matter (PM) present in the collected aerosols.The particulate matter concentration in HTPs samples is below the limit of quantification for LD, and only samples from cigarettes show a particulate matter concentration above such limit. TEM analysis has revealed that the liquid samples (from both, cigarettes and HTPs experiments) contain particulate matter, mainly composed of carbon (C) and oxygen (O), but also of traces of inorganic elements. The TEM electron beam results in the evaporation of the particulate matter derived from HTPs, but not of that derived from cigarettes, highlighting the different nature of the particulate matter in both systems, i.e. liquid particulate matter present in the HTPs aerosols and solid particulate matter in the cigarettes smoke. A protocol for the quantitative comparison of the particulate matter present in aerosols has been applied over sixteen TEM images for each sample, confirming important differences from the point of view of the amount of particulate matter and particle size ranges. Thus, the amount of particulate matter for HTPs aerosol samples is more than one order of magnitude lower than for cigarettes smoke.

This article examines the use of and opinions about academic research by US-based legal interpreters. It analyses the responses of 233 practising interpreters to an online survey. The survey explored: (1) tools and practices employed for problem solving and skill building; (2) access to and use of academic research; (3) factors affecting use of research; (4) goals and expectations regarding academic research; and (5) the potential role of different stakeholders (interpreters, researchers, educators, and professional associations) in conducting and disseminating research. Results reveal interpreters’ limited awareness of the concept of academic research and the current state of the art in legal interpreting. Respondents cite a neglect of professional needs in existing studies and inaccessible formats as major reasons for their lack of engagement. However, they recognize academic research as a valuable tool for enhancing practice and educating legal actors about interpreting. They express interest in furthering their knowledge of interpreting techniques, language and communication issues (particularly legal discourse), the physiological and psychological effects of interpreting, and work-related matters. They suggest closer collaboration between researchers and practitioners in conceptualising and developing empirical studies, and in disseminating findings beyond traditional academic formats.

This study aims to revise and compare published data devoted to the identification, characterization, and quantification of suspended particulate matter (PM) in the smoke from combustible cigarettes or the aerosol from heat-not-burn products (HNBP), analyzing mainstream and indoor scenarios. It has been motivated by the difficulty of a proper comparison from the published data, mostly due to the very different experimental conditions used in each published study, often even not clearly indicated.Despite the difficulty in a straightforward comparison, important differences in the particulate matter present in the smoke from combustible cigarettes and the aerosols from HNBPs have been confirmed. In general, the concentration of particulate matter in the aerosol emitted by HNBPs is much lower than in the cigarette smoke. However, in the mainstream, ultrafine particulate matter has been isolated both for combustible cigarettes and HNBPs, and the Total Particulate Matter (TPM) collected is in the same range, around 50 mg/stick, slightly higher for HNBPs. The indoor concentration of PM usually ranges from 100-500 μg/m3 for combustible cigarettes, 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the present in background air (1.3-14.7 μg/m3), whereas for HNBPs it ranges from 1.4-15.5 μg/m3, which is similar to the background. Indoors, the number of particles generated from cigarette smoking is much larger than those from the use of HNBPs in a factor of 3-6.Nevertheless, the mean particle sizes and particulate composition are among the main differences between cigarette smoke and HNBP aerosols. The mean particle sizes are larger in the smoke from combustible cigarettes and contain black carbon particles (soot), whereas the particulate matter from HNBPs presents a smaller size, is predominantly liquid-based, and is much more volatile.

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its gene (AGER) have been related to lung injury and inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to evaluate the association of rs2071288, rs3134940, rs184003, and rs2070600 AGER single-nucleotide variants and the soluble-RAGE plasma and sputum levels with COPD secondary to biomass-burning smoke (BBS) and tobacco smoking. Four groups, including 2189 subjects, were analyzed: COPD secondary to BBS exposure (COPD-BBS, n = 342), BBS-exposed subjects without COPD (BBES, n = 774), tobacco smoking-induced COPD (COPD-TS, n = 434), and smokers without COPD (SWOC, n = 639). Allelic discrimination assays determined the AGER variants. The sRAGE was quantified in plasma (n = 240) and induced-sputum (n = 72) samples from a subgroup of patients using the ELISA technique. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed for the association of rs2070600 with COPD susceptibility. None of the studied genetic variants were found to be associated with COPD-BBS or COPD-TS. A marginal association was observed for the rs3134940 with COPD-BBS (p = 0.066). The results from the meta-analysis, including six case-control studies (n = 4149 subjects), showed a lack of association of rs2070600 with COPD susceptibility (p = 0.681), probably due to interethnic differences. The sRAGE plasma levels were lower in COPD-BBS compared to BBS and in COPD-TS compared to SWOC. The sRAGE levels were also lower in sputum samples from COPD-BBS than BBES. Subjects with rs3134940-TC genotypes exhibit lower sRAGE plasma levels than TT subjects, mainly from the COPD-BBS and SWOC groups. The AGER variants were not associated with COPD-BBS nor COPD-TS, but the sRAGE plasma and sputum levels are related to both COPD-BBS and COPD-TS and are influenced by the rs3134940 variant.

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los beneficios que ha representado para la carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial estar acreditada por el Comité Mexicano de Acreditación de la Educación Agronómica A. C. Se trata de una investigación diagnóstica, un estudio de caso con análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo donde se empleó como método: la encuesta y el análisis documental. Se obtuvo como resultados que el 55% de los académicos y 84% de los estudiantes coinciden en que la acreditación ayuda a mejorar el currículum, pero no tiene impacto en otros aspectos, incluida la práctica docente. El 55% de los académicos señalan que la acreditación mejora la gestión, mientras que el 53% considera que coadyuva a la actualización curricular, pero no se observan beneficios en otros indicadores. Se arribó a la conclusión de que no basta estar acreditado para asegurar la calidad de un programa, pues lo ideal sería que las ponderaciones fueran próximas al 100% para presumir relevantes beneficios. Además, se constató la pertinencia de desarrollar investigaciones sobre áreas estratégicas que coadyuven a mejorar los procesos de acreditación.

Background/purpose(s): During a viral infection, the immune response is mediated by the toll-like receptors and myeloid differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88) that play an important role sensing infections such as SARS-CoV-2 which has claimed the lives of more than 6.8 million people around the world. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional with a population of 618 SARS-CoV-2-positive unvaccinated subjects and further classified based on severity: 22% were mild, 34% were severe, 26% were critical, and 18% were deceased. Toll Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3853839, rs179008, rs179009, and rs2302267) and MyD88 (rs7744) were genotyped using TaqMan OpenArray. The association of polymorphisms with disease outcomes was performed by logistic regression analysis adjusted by covariates. Results: A significant association of rs3853839 and rs7744 of the TLR7 and MyD88 genes, respectively, was found with COVID-19 severity. The G/G genotype of the rs3853839 TLR7 was associated with the critical outcome showing an Odd Ratio = 1.98 (95% IC = 1.04–3.77). The results highlighted an association of the G allele of MyD88 gene with severe, critical and deceased outcomes. Furthermore, in the dominant model (AG + GG vs. AA), we observed an Odd Ratio = 1.70 (95% CI = 1.02–2.86) with severe, Odd Ratio = 1.82 (95% CI = 1.04–3.21) with critical, and Odd Ratio = 2.44 (95% CI = 1.21–4.9) with deceased outcomes. Conclusion: To our knowledge this work represents an innovative report that highlights the significant association of TLR7 and MyD88 gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 outcomes and the possible implication of the MyD88 variant with D-dimer and IFN-α concentrations.

The main objective of this study was to monitor apricot development and ripening through gene expression analysis of key candidate genes using the RT-qPCR technique. Eight apricot cultivars were selected to analyze phenological and genetic patterns from pre-ripening stages through to postharvest. In addition, 19 selected genes were analyzed in the contrasting cultivars ‘Cebas Red’ and ‘Rojo Pasión’ in different stages (two preharvest stages S1 and S2, one harvest stage S3, and two postharvest stages S4 and S5). This pool of genes included genes related to fruit growth and ripening, genes associated with fruit color, and genes linked to the fruit’s nutraceutical aspects. Among the studied genes, Polygalacturonase (PG), Pectin methylesterase (PME), Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), and Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (INO1) were directly related to fruit maturation and quality. Significant differential expression was observed between the cultivars, which correlated with variations in firmness, shelf life, and sensory characteristics of the apricots. ‘Rojo Pasión’ displayed high levels of PG, associated with rapid maturation and shorter postharvest shelf life, whereas ‘Cebas Red’ exhibited lower levels of this gene, resulting in greater firmness and extended shelf life. Genes CCD4, CRTZ, and ZDS, related to carotenoids, showed varied expression patterns during growth and postharvest stages, with higher levels in ‘Rojo Pasión’. On the other hand, Sucrose synthase (SUSY) and Lipoxygenase (LOX2) were prominent during the postharvest and growth stages, respectively. Additionally, GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (VTC2_5) was linked to better postharvest performance. This research provides valuable insights for future breeding initiatives aimed at enhancing the quality and sustainability of apricot cultivation.

E. coli is considered one of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Highly virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains of E. coli have been reported in recent years, making it essential to understand their ecological origins. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of E. coli strains present in the natural population of American bison (Bison bison) in Mexico. We sampled 123 individuals and determined the presence of E. coli using standard bacteriological methods. The isolated strains were characterized using molecular techniques based on PCR. To evaluate the diversity of E. coli strains in this population, we analyzed 108 suggestive colonies from each fecal sample. From a total of 13,284 suggestive colonies, we isolated 33 E. coli strains that contained at least one virulence gene. The virotypes of these strains were highly varied, including strains with atypical patterns or combinations compared to classical pathotypes, such as the presence of escV, eae, bfpB, and ial genes in E. coli strain LMA-26-6-6, or stx2, eae, and ial genes in E. coli strain LMA-16-1-32. Genotype analysis of these strains revealed a previously undescribed phylogenetic group. Serotyping of all strains showed that serogroups O26 and O22 were the most abundant. Interestingly, strains belonging to these groups exhibited different patterns of virulence genes. Finally, the isolated E. coli strains demonstrated broad resistance to antimicrobials, including various beta-lactam antibiotics.

Considering that global awareness for sustainable development has risen to face environmental damages, different building materials have been considered from a mechanical perspective. In this sense, considering the richness of South America regarding its woods, the Guayacan and the Ecuadorian oak timbers have not been previously characterized. The present research has performed mechanical, thermal, and moisture content characterizations to acknowledge the benefits of considering these materials for the building industries. In this sense, Guayacan has been shown to have lower thermal conductivity, making it ideal for thermal insulation; the oak from Manabi showed the best compressive strength; while the oak from El Oro stands with the best tensile strength; and the oak from Loja showed the best modulus of elasticity. On the other hand, all the materials were compared by multicriteria decision methods to select the best, by using the COPRAS method driven by the objective entropy-weighted method, showing that the oak from Loja is the best choice considering the advantage that presents with the modulus of elasticity. In this sense, it is concluded that regarding the mechanical properties, there is not much difference for the compression, bending, and tensile strength; nevertheless, for the modulus of elasticity the oak from Loja stands out, making it a factor to be considered in the selection of a wood for building applications that is corroborated through multicriteria decision methods.

In the last decade, the Communicative Approach has taken an important position within the English language teaching world. Many countries have abandoned their traditional teaching methods to implement this approach. The objectives of this research were to analyze the transitioning to communicative activities in Teaching English as a foreign language in the Dominican Republic, to identify the communicative activities to which the students were more receptive, to research students' attitudes while developing communicative activities, and lastly, to analyze new strategies for successful communicative activities. To carry out the investigation, three interventions were carried out in the classroom where activities such as role-play, group work, mingle, information transfer, opinion sharing, and information gap were implemented. Two interviews were administered to learners. Participant observation was implemented as well as the teacher's diary and note-taking as a way of record the events. Interviews revealed that students had a great disposition towards group work as well as having conversations and activities that involved giving opinions. They also showed that close attention should be paid to activities that involve speaking in front of the class as they raised students' stress levels. According to students' performance and answers during the sessions, group work, information gap, and opinion sharing activities activated their motivation to a greater extent. Modeling and giving clear instructions was fundamental to overcome linguistic gaps that emerged during the sessions. The progressive integration of the target language was more convenient while implementing communicative activities.

IntroductionSerine proteases play a critical role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, polymorphisms of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and serpine family E member 1 (SERPINE1) could help to elucidate the contribution of variability to COVID-19 outcomes.MethodsTo evaluate the genetic variants of the genes previously associated with COVID-19 outcomes, we performed a cross-sectional study in which 1536 SARS-CoV-2-positive participants were enrolled. TMPRSS2 (rs2070788, rs75603675, rs12329760) and SERPINE1 (rs2227631, rs2227667, rs2070682, rs2227692) were genotyped using the Open Array Platform. The association of polymorphisms with disease outcomes was determined by logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates (age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity).ResultsAccording to our codominant model, the GA genotype of rs2227667 (OR=0.55; 95% CI = 0.36-0.84; p=0.006) and the AG genotype of rs2227667 (OR=0.59; 95% CI = 0.38-0.91; p=0.02) of SERPINE1 played a protective role against disease. However, the rs2227692 T allele and TT genotype SERPINE1 (OR=1.45; 95% CI = 1.11-1.91; p=0.006; OR=2.08; 95% CI = 1.22-3.57; p=0.007; respectively) were associated with a decreased risk of death. Similarly, the rs75603675 AA genotype TMPRSS2 had an OR of 1.97 (95% CI = 1.07-3.6; p=0.03) for deceased patients. Finally, the rs2227692 T allele SERPINE1 was associated with increased D-dimer levels (OR=1.24; 95% CI = 1.03-1.48; p=0.02).DiscussionOur data suggest that the rs75603675 TMPRSS2 and rs2227692 SERPINE1 polymorphisms are associated with a poor outcome. Additionally, rs2227692 SERPINE1 could participate in hypercoagulable conditions in critical COVID-19 patients, and this genetic variant could contribute to the identification of new pharmacological targets and treatment strategies to block the inhibition of TMPRSS2 entry into SARS-CoV-2.

AimTo examine the independent relationships of lifestyle and social and economic factors with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a large representative sample of the US adult population. Furthermore, the association between the combination of lifestyle and social and economic factors with mortality was analyzed in detail.MethodsThe sample included 103,314 participants with valid records and eligible for mortality follow-up, and information on lifestyle factors and social and economic disadvantages (NHIS waves 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015). An unhealthy lifestyle score was constructed using information on physical activity, alcohol consumption, diet, and smoking status. Social and economic disadvantages were assessed using information on education, receipt of dividends, employment, family's home, and access to private health. Information on mortality data was determined by the National Death Index records.ResultsCompared with favorable lifestyle, unfavorable lifestyle was associated with higher all-cause (HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.97–2.19) and CVD (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.68–2.02) mortality. Higher social and economic disadvantages were also associated with higher all-cause (HR 2.44; 95% CI 2.30–2.59) and CVD mortality (HR 2.44; 95% CI 2.16–2.77), compared to low social and economic disadvantages. In joint associations, participants in the high social and economic disadvantage and unfavorable lifestyle showed a greater risk of all-cause (HR 4.06; 95% CI 3.69–4.47) and CVD mortality (HR 3.98; 95% CI 3.31–4.79).ConclusionLifestyle and social and economic disadvantages are associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The risk of mortality increases as the number of social and economic disadvantages and unhealthy lifestyles increases.

Abstract Multi-omics profiling by CITE-seq bridges the RNA-protein gap in single-cell analysis but has been largely applied to liquid biopsies. Applying CITE-seq to clinically relevant solid biopsies to characterize healthy tissue and the tumor microenvironment is an essential next step in single-cell translational studies. In this study, gating of cell populations based on their transcriptome signatures for use in cell type-specific ridge plots allowed identification of positive antibody signals and setting of manual thresholds. Next, we compare five skin dissociation protocols by taking into account dissociation efficiency, captured cell type heterogeneity and recovered surface proteome. To assess the effect of enzymatic digestion on transcriptome and epitope expression in immune cell populations, we analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without dissociation. To further assess the RNA-protein gap, RNA-protein we perform codetection and correlation analyses on thresholded protein values. Finally, in a proof-of-concept study, using protein abundance analysis on selected surface markers in a cohort of healthy skin, primary, and metastatic melanoma we identify CD56 surface marker expression on metastatic melanoma cells, which was further confirmed by multiplex immunohistochemistry. This work provides practical guidelines for processing and analysis of clinically relevant solid tissue biopsies for biomarker discovery.

Abstract Background Several unhealthy lifestyle behaviors in adolescence are often linked to overweight/obesity. Some of them may be present simultaneously, leading to combined effects on health. Therefore, the clustering of several unhealthy behaviors in adolescents might be associated with adiposity excess. Purpose To identify lifestyle patterns and analyze their association with adiposity in early adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional cluster analysis was performed in 1183 adolescents (50.5% girls) with a mean age of 12.5 (0.4) years included in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools in Spain to identify lifestyle patterns based on healthy diet, step counts, sleep time, and leisure screen time. Generalized mixed models were applied to estimate the association between lifestyle patterns and adiposity indices. Results Four lifestyle patterns were derived: Cluster 1-higher screen time and poorer diet (n = 213), Cluster 2-lower activity and longer sleepers (n = 388), Cluster 3-active and shorter sleepers (n = 280), and Cluster 4-healthiest (n = 302). Except for the number of steps (12,008 (2357) day), the lifestyle behaviors in our sample presented levels far below the recommendations, especially for sleep duration. Cluster 4 included the largest proportion of adolescents from high socioeconomic status families (47.7%) and the lowest prevalence of overweight/obesity (23.1%). Compared to Cluster 4-healthiest, adolescents in the remaining clusters presented a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity, showing Cluster 3 the highest prevalences (PR:1.31 [95%CI: 1.31, 1.31] and PR:1.40 [95%CI: 1.33, 1.47]). Conclusions Clustering of lifestyle patterns in early adolescence allows the identification of individuals with excess adiposity, in whom health promotion strategies should be stressed, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry, NCT03504059. Registered 20/04/2018—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03504059 .

This article examines the problem-solving strategies and resources that professional court interpreters in the United States use to address challenges in their daily work, with the goal of investigating the current influence of research on professional practice. The authors report on the first stage of a bipartite study consisting of focus groups conducted in California, New York, and Texas in the spring of 2018, the results of which directly shaped the development of a survey launched at the national level. Participants included a combination of junior and senior interpreters, staff and freelancers, and certified court interpreters with varying degrees of formal interpreter training and education. The anonymized transcripts of these groups were analyzed qualitatively following the principles of thematic analysis and a mixed top-down and bottom-up coding process. The results obtained interrogate the purported divide between theory and practice and reveal valuable information about the areas of professional practice that present challenges for court interpreters, the human and written (scholarly and/or professional) resources that court interpreters use to improve their professional practice and, most germanely, court interpreters’ needs and expectations about scholarly research. Ultimately, the study aims to inform future practice-based research and to improve interpreters’ performance through data-driven suggestions stemming from that research.

Objetivo: el burnout (BA) académico puede presentarse en el contexto universitario, se caracteriza por un estado de agotamiento vital que afecta la salud física y mental de los estudiantes, lo que genera una disminución en el rendimiento académico. Este problema aparece con mayor frecuencia en programas universitarios con altas exigencias académicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue construir y evaluar la estructura factorial de un cuestionario de BA académico en estudiantes que cursaban los programas de medicina, enfermería y psicología. Metodología: los participantes fueron 710 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud (hombres 40.8 % y mujeres 59.2 %), de 16 a 33 años (M = 20.42 años, DT = 3 años). Se evaluó la validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC); además, se calculó la consistencia interna por medio del estadístico alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: el cuestionario burnout académico (CBA-24) quedó conformado por 24 reactivos y una estructura factorial de cuatro dimensiones (agotamiento emocional, cinismo hacia el estudio, cinismo hacia las personas y realización personal). Con la prueba se evaluó el nivel de malestar emocional ante las demandas del entorno académico. Los índices de ajuste alcanzaron valores altos en el modelo propuesto, por lo tanto, el modelo de cuatro factores alcanzó los criterios para considerar que el ajuste es adecuado en todos los índices y mostró una estructura multidimensional. Dichos índices se agruparon de acuerdo con la taxonomía propuesta. Conclusiones: el cuestionario permitió identificar de manera ecológica el constructo de BA ajustado a las demandas de los contextos universitarios.