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Los suelos degradados y sin plantas de la Mixteca Alta de Oaxaca (México) fueron, por un largo tiempo, como el paisaje habitual de la región; sin embargo, la organización de los campesinos y las intervenciones de los programas de reforestación configuraron un nuevo paisaje con bosques. Desde 1935, la Mixteca Alta experimenta reforestaciones en su territorio, lo que originó una paulatina mejoría del paisaje. Para estudiar esta transformación, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa, la cual, se apoyó en la planeación de escenarios y de entrevistas semiestructuradas con las autoridades comunales. Los resultados muestran que los entrevistados perciben a las forestaciones como el factor que cambió su paisaje y, al mismo tiempo, identifican los servicios ecosistémicos que les brindan, como un clima local más agradable, la aparición de pequeños arroyos y fauna silvestre. Los resultados del estudio muestran la intención que tienen los entrevistados para hacer uso y aprovechamiento de las plantaciones. The degraded and deforested soils of the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca (Mexico) were for a long time the usual landscape of the region. However, the organization of the farmers and the interventions of reforestation programs configured a new forested landscape. Since 1935, the Mixteca Alta has been subject to reforestation processes in its territory, which has led to a gradual improvement of the landscape. To study this transformation, a qualitative methodology was applied, based on scenario planning and semi-structured interviews with community authorities. The results show that the interviewees perceive the forestations as the factor that changed their landscape and at the same time identify the ecosystem services they provide, such as a more pleasant local climate, the appearance of small streams and wildlife. The results of the study show the intention of the interviewees to use and take advantage of the plantations. Incluye referencias bibliográficas.

At present the intensive agriculture is carried out for the majority of countries, using conventional or industrial technology, in order to maximize agricultural production and consequently to get good earns in monocultures, without taking in account the negative effects of this practice over the environment and society. The industrial technology is applied in intensive agriculture in order to increase production, this type of agribusiness is applied also in the culture of havanan chili in the municipality of Peto, Yucatan. This practice has carried out negative consequences to the regional economy as well as to the farmers and to the local environment. These problems where detected in a forum organized for the farmers of Peto. Due to the negative effects of the conventional technology used in the cultivation of havanan chili, it is recommended the application of organic agriculture in Peto, as well as in others municipalities of Yucatan, with the aim of farming in harmony with the environment; to pull down the high cost of conventional technology as well as the dependence of external inputs, in order to get a production without toxic substances. On the other hand, with these practices we are looking for other alternatives in order to improve the standards of living of poor Peto’s farmers.

At present the intensive agriculture is carried out for the majority of countries, using conventional or industrial technology, in order to maximize agricultural production and consequently to get good earns in monocultures, without taking in account the negative effects of this practice over the environment and society. The industrial technology is applied in intensive agriculture in order to increase production, this type of agribusiness is applied also in the culture of havanan chili in the municipality of Peto, Yucatan. This practice has carried out negative consequences to the regional economy as well as to the farmers and to the local environment. These problems where detected in a forum organized for the farmers of Peto. Due to the negative effects of the conventional technology used in the cultivation of havanan chili, it is recommended the application of organic agriculture in Peto, as well as in others municipalities of Yucatan, with the aim of farming in harmony with the environment; to pull down the high cost of conventional technology as well as the dependence of external inputs, in order to get a production without toxic substances. On the other hand, with these practices we are looking for other alternatives in order to improve the standards of living of poor Peto’s farmers.