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Background: Traditionally, psychopathology has been related to suicide risk, furthermore if we bear in mind that the recent meta-analysis on the relationship between some mental disorders and the risk of suicide attempt are inconclusive, and have been performed with non-clinical samples. Objective: To establish the psychopathological differences between female adolescent patients with and without suicide attempt. Material and methods: Comparative, prospective, correlational and cross-sectional study. A sample of 50 female participants was used, divided into 2 groups: one of cases, (n = 25), made up of female patients between 15 and 19 years of age with suicide attempt, and a control group of pairs (n = 25) with no history of suicide attempt. The following instruments were applied: the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the K-Sads-PL, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Results: A greater presence of the disorders evaluated was found: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in the group with suicide attempt. Furthermore, the case group obtained higher mean scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale. Conclusions: The results agree with most of previous studies. It is suggested to carry out preventive interventions in cases where a considerably increased risk is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, it has been estimated that child sexual abuse is suffered by between 10 and 20% of people, and is suffered more frequently by women. sexual abuse has been linked to increased suicide risk. Materials and methods: the main purpose of the present study was to verify the relationship between sexual abuse and suicide attempt, as well as to study the possible relationship of some characteristics of abuse with suicide risk. the sexual abuse registration Certificate was applied to 50 female patients between the ages of 15 and 19, divided into two groups (group with a suicide attempt, and a group without attempt). Results: the analysis indicated that the group of patients with a suicide attempt was almost 4 times more likely to have been sexually abused than the group of patients without attempt. a greater number of abuses were also observed in the attempted group. However, the age of the victim in the first episode, the age of the last abuse, the age difference between the victim and the aggressor, does not affect suicide risk. it was also observed that in most cases, the aggressor was male and close to the victim. Discussion: episodes of sexual abuse have a great impact on the risk of suicide attempt, frequently the aggressor is a male close to the victim (relative or family friend). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaudiebility refers to the set of modulators that regulate the enjoyment experienced, there is only one scale to assess gaudiebility, and it is univariate, which is not congruent with the construct. Therefore, this work's objective was to build a multifactorial scale and study the psychometric properties of the Gaudiebility Scale for Adults of Morelia (GSAM). 1,884 adults participated; 273 in the pilot study and 1,611 in the final study. They responded to the final version of the GSAM, with 24 items and a scale of experienced enjoyment. The adequate fit of the model of 6 related factors of the GSAM was corroborated through confirmatory factor analysis. Adequate Cronbach's alpha values ​​were observed for the factors (Concentration (α =.796), Enjoyment in Solitude (α =.784), Sense of Humor (α =.760), Imagination (α =.740), Interest (α =.653) and Irrational Beliefs (α =.633)) and the total scale (α =.803). All the factors and the full scale showed positive relationships with the scale of experienced enjoyment. The GSAM obtained good indicators regarding its internal consistency and validity; therefore, it is concluded that the GSAM is adequate to assess gaudiebility in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported that, after a period of adaptation, patients with spinal cord injury experience levels of subjective wellbeing similar to those of the general population, which seems consistent with the theory of adaptation. This phenomenon could be explained by the fact that a significant percentage of individuals improve their skills to experience positive affect after traumatic events. The present study takes up the concept of gaudiebility as a reference to define the set of mediators of enjoyment experienced by individuals. The main purpose was to evaluate the level of gaudiebility in patients with spinal cord injury and to explore differences from the general population through a simple ex post facto prospective design. The gaudiebility scale was applied to voluntary patients with spinal cord injury that regularly attend the Guttmann Institute of from the general population. Results showed a higher arithmetic mean gaudiebility level in spinal cord injury patients as compared to the general population . The results obtained support the idea that some subjects experience a posttraumatic growth partially increasing gaudiebility levels. Results should be taken cautiously due to the possible effect of potential biases such as the selection of patients, the application of the scale and the design of the study. Ultimately, the relevance of studying gaudiebility in said population is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that anhedonia is a core symptom of the disorder that precedes and possibly plays a causal role during the subsequent development of schizophrenia. Several works confirmed high levels of anhedonia and lower levels of intrinsic motivation and positive affect in schizophrenic patients when compared to control subjects. On this paper we are dealing with the term gaudiebility, which is defined as a construct that includes all the set of modulators which regulate the enjoyment. The aim of this study was to evaluate if people suffering from schizophrenia show levels of gaudiebility significantly lower when compared to the average population. Data were obtained from two different adult samples. One sample (n=30) made up by schizophrenic patients of Hospital del Mar de Barcelona (Spain), the other one (n=37) made up by the general population was obtained by the use of snowball technique. All participants agreed to reply in writing to the gaudiebility scale (Padrós and Fernández, 2008). The results show that people diagnosed with schizophrenia (mean=48.27 and SD=11.22) showed lower scores in the level of gaudiebility [F (3)=4.303, p=.008] than control group (mean=56.73 and SD=9.80). The results came out as expected and were also consistent with the high levels of anhedonia, as well as with the low positive affective and intrinsic motivation levels found in different research. Further studies controlling the schizophrenia subtypes and the sociodemographic variables are required. Our pilot study suggests that the low gaudiebility levels found in schizophrenic patients should motivate the design of specific intervention programs to raise gaudiebility levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to compare the levels of gaudiebility (modulators of enjoyment) between hypertensive and normotensive participants, controlling some sociodemographic, likewise to study the possible relationship between gaudiebility (modulators of enjoyment) and arterial hypertension. Material and methods: in the present paper, a sample of 306 adults was used (mean age 58,81, 87,3% were female, most of them stated to be married (55,9%) and with an average of years of schooling. of 6,87), divided into two groups (hypertensive n = 153 and normotensive n = 153) matched by sex, age, marital status and schooling. The Padrós gaudiebility scale was applied to groups. Results: the results show a mean in the total score of the gaudiebility scale of 58,14 (SD = 12,17) in the hypertensive group, although it did not result significantly (t (304) = -1,755; p = 0,080) lower than the obtained in the normotensive sample 60,69 (SD = 13,22), but negative and significant correlation was observed with the systolic blood pressure (r = -0,275, p = 0,002) and with the diastolic (r = -0,241; p = 0,006). Conclusions: the inconclusive results suggest study in greater depth the relationship between both variables. The main limitation is that the type of treatment and possible side effects were not controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los trastornos de ansiedad actualmente son los trastornos mentales más frecuentes, y suponen un importante problema de salud en México, por ello es importante disponer de instrumentos para su detección. En la presente investigación se estudiaron algunas propiedades psicométricas de la escala Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI) en población universitaria de M orelia (México). Aplicamos la escala GADI junto a escalas que evalúan la presencia de ansiedad, preocupación patológica, sintomatología depresiva y gaudibilidad a una muestra de universitarios. Se aplicó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Nuestros resultados corroboran la estructura de 3 factores de la versión original y de otros estudios. Se observó una elevada consistencia interna de la escala total (α =.928) y también resultó adecuada para los 3 factores. Respecto a las evidencias de validez concurrente, las correlaciones entre la escala GADI y las otras escalas fueron las esperadas. También se observó una elevada fiabilidad test-retest en un tiempo de 4 semanas. Los datos empíricos indican que la escala GADI presenta una validez y fiabilidad satisfactorias para población universitaria. Asimismo, se ofrecen datos descriptivos en población universitaria de Morelia (México). Anxiety disorders are the most frequent mental disorders and they represent an important health problem in Mexico, so it is important to detect them with the use of valid assessment instruments. The goal of our study is to establish several psychometric properties of the GADI (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory) in college students of Morelia (Mexico). The GADI and other scales were applied to assess the presence of anxiety, pathological worry, depressive symptomatology and gaudiebility in a sample of university students. A confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Our results corroborate the three factor structure of the original version and other studies. We observed a high internal consistency of the total scale (α =.928) and also was adequate for the 3 factors. Regarding the evidence of concurrent validity, the correlations between the GADI scale and the other scales were as expected. High test-retest reliability was also observed in a period of four weeks. the empirical data indicate that the GADI presents satisfactory validity and reliability for college population. Likewise, descriptive data are offered in the university population of Morelia (Mexico). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is evidence that suggests a possible relationship between gaudiebility (or a set of modulators of enjoyment) and antisocial personality disorder (APD). However, there is no study that directly relates both variables. Materials and methods: a sample of 133 participants was used, divided into three groups (group A, n = 46, men in seclusion with APD, group B, n = 45, men in seclusion without APD, and group C, n = 42, in the general population and without APD . We analyzed the scores obtained from two tests, the Padrós gaudiebility scale that measures enjoyment modulators and the Aluja STAGE scale, which evaluates the presence of APD symptomatology. Results: no significant differences were found between the gaudiebility scores obtained from the three groups, however a difference of five points was observed between mean gaudiebility in the group with APD, and those of the two groups without APD. In addition, a significant, low and negative correlation was observed between APD symptomatology and gaudiebility. Discussion: the results obtained are not conclusive, therefore, it is suggested to carry out further studies with larger and better controlled samples, in order to obtain better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Una de las escalas más utilizadas para evaluar la ansiedad es el BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) que ha mostrado adecuadas propiedades psicométricas; sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre su estructura interna. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la estructura interna del BAI haciendo uso del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) por primera vez en México, así como la bondad de los ítems que la componen y su consistencia interna. Además, se presentan datos descriptivos de los niveles de ansiedad en población general de Michoacán (México). Se administró la escala BAI al mismo tiempo que se solicitaron datos sociodemográficos (sexo, edad, estado civil y escolaridad) a 1,245 personas adultas. Primero, se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) con la mitad de la muestra; posteriormente, con la segunda mitad de la muestra y a través de un AFC, se pusieron a prueba los modelos factoriales obtenidos en estudios mexicanos previos, la solución unifactorial, así como el modelo obtenido en el AFE. Se observó una elevada consistencia interna de la escala total (α =.911); sin embargo, ningún modelo de los probados en el AFC resultó satisfactorio. Puede concluirse que el BAI, a pesar de mostrar una estructura interna inestable, es adecuado para evaluar la presencia de sintomatología de ansiedad en población general de Michoacán (México). Es importante señalar que hasta un 24.9% de la muestra presentó niveles de ansiedad moderada o severa. One of the most widely used scales to assess anxiety is the BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) that has shown adequate psychometric properties; however, there is no consensus on its internal structure. This work aimed to study the internal structure of the BAI using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC) for the first time in Mexico, as well as the goodness of the items that make it up and its internal consistency. In addition, descriptive data of anxiety levels in the general population of Michoacán (Mexico) are presented. The BAI was administered and the sociodemographic data (sex, age, marital status, and education) were requested from 1,245 adults. First, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out with half the sample. Using the second half of the sample, the factorial models obtained in previous Mexican studies, the single factor solution and the model obtained in the AFE were tested through a CFA. A high internal consistency of the total scale was observed (α =.911); however, no model of those tested in the CFA was satisfactory. It can be concluded that the BAI, despite showing an unstable internal structure, can adequately assess the presence of anxiety symptoms in the general population of Michoacán (Mexico). It is important to note that up to 24.9% of the sample presented moderate or severe anxiety levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse has been known for quite some time. Nevertheless there isn’t much research in non-clinical studies between such a disorder an alcohol abuse. The objective of this paper is to compare the presence of Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in adolescents with alcohol use and abuse. We assessed on a voluntary and anonymous basis a sample (N= 322) of teenagers with screening scales that measured Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse, Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking. Comparisons were made between adolescents who presented alcohol abuse (n= 44) and those who reported alcohol use (n= 150). The highest frequency of Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits was found in adolescents with alcohol abuse. The differences found in both groups coincide with past studies. These findings and previous investigations prove the convenience of providing early interventions to prevent problems related to alcohol and other substances in preteens when Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]