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Abstract Background Recently, magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMU) based systems have been applied in the spine mobility assessment; this evaluation is essential in the clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment evaluation. The available systems are limited in the number of sensors, and neither develops a methodology for the correct placement of the sensors, seeking the relevant mobility information of the spine. Methods This work presents a methodology for analyzing a system consisting of sixteen MIMUs to reduce the amount of information and obtain an optimal configuration that allows distinguishing between different body postures in a movement. Four machine learning algorithms were trained and assessed using data from the range of motion in three movements (Mov.1—Anterior hip flexion; Mov.2—Lateral trunk flexion; Mov.3—Axial trunk rotation) obtained from 12 patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Results The methodology identified the optimal minimal configuration for different movements. The configuration showed good accuracy in discriminating between different body postures. Specifically, it had an accuracy of 0.963 ± 0.021 for detecting when the subject is upright or bending in Mov.1, 0.944 ± 0.038 for identifying when the subject is flexed to the left or right in Mov.2, and 0.852 ± 0.097 for recognizing when the subject is rotated to the right or left in Mov.3. Conclusions Our results indicate that the methodology developed results in a feasible configuration for practical clinical studies and paves the way for designing specific IMU-based assessment instruments. Trial registration: Study approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” (protocol code DI/03/17/471).

The hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system is a protocol aimed to guarantee food safety, especially in companies dedicated to meat processing. Companies in food international trade are subjected to intense inspection and verification processes, and international standard certifications have become a key factor in global trade. The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of HACCP certification in the Mexican and Chilean meat packers that send meat to international markets by a field inspection of each to identify opportunities for improvement. International trade standards along with packers’ expectations and needs to be fulfilled to attain a place in world markets were bases for this study. Guidelines for field inspection came from the HACCP protocol. Field data were derived from 15 indicators — five intrinsic to the HACCP plan and ten external. The Chilean packer was superior to the Mexican packer in terms of many indicators. Thus, the first one had a chance for a better position in international markets than the latter. It was concluded that the HACCP audit is an excellent tool to measure the suitability of meat packers in achieving a place as a supplier and remaining in the international food trade.

Abstract Background The Calakmul Biosphere Reserve (CBR) is known for its rich animal and plant biodiversity, yet its microbial communities remain largely unknown. The reserve does not possess permanent bodies of water; nevertheless, seasonal depressions associated with fractures create wetlands, known locally as aguadas. Given the recent construction of the Maya train that crosses the CRB, it is essential to assess the biodiversity of its microorganisms and recognize their potential as a valuable source of goods. This evaluation is pivotal in mitigating potential mismanagement of the forest ecosystem. To enhance comprehension of microbial communities, we characterized the microbiota in three different wetlands. Ag-UD1 and Ag-UD2 wetlands are located in a zone without human disturbances, while the third, Ag-SU3, is in a semi-urbanized zone. Sampling was carried out over three years (2017, 2018, and 2019), enabling the monitoring of spatiotemporal variations in bacterial community diversity. The characterization of microbiome composition was conducted using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Concurrently, the genomic potential of select samples was examined through shotgun metagenomics. Results Statistical analysis of alpha and beta diversity indices showed significant differences among the bacterial communities found in undisturbed sites Ag-UD1 and Ag-UD2 compared to Ag-SU3. However, no significant differences were observed among sites belonging to the undisturbed area. Furthermore, a comparative analysis at the zone level reveals substantial divergence among the communities, indicating that the geographic location of the samples significantly influences these patterns. The bacterial communities in the CBR wetlands predominantly consist of genera from phyla Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Conclusion This characterization has identified the composition of microbial communities and provided the initial overview of the metabolic capacities of the microbiomes inhabiting the aguadas across diverse conservation zones. The three sites exhibit distinct microbial compositions, suggesting that variables such as chemical composition, natural and anthropogenic disturbances, vegetation, and fauna may play a pivotal role in determining the microbial structure of the aguadas. This study establishes a foundational baseline for evaluating the impact of climatic factors and human interventions on critical environments such as wetlands.

In times of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers on all levels have had to adapt to an online or hybrid teaching environment. People in geography, a discipline that traditionally values field trips to connect theory to practice, have had to find online alternatives for educational activities that normally would have taken place in the field. This has led to several innovative practices, which, however, have only to a limited degree been purposively tested for efficacy because of the ad-hoc, enforced nature of the required changes. This project deals with this issue by studying, through student workshops dealing with the creation of online didactic walking routes in two cities, how students can obtain specific geographical competences such as interpreting different historical layers that collectively shape the current urban fabric through online cartography. We found that students reported clear improvements in geographical reasoning skills, regarding both GIS and heritage interpretation. There were no clear patterns regarding the role of familiarity with the studied city for the quality of the produced story maps. On final reflection, we argue that online cartographic exercises are a valuable addition to the geographers' educational toolkit to bounce forward to a more resilient, reflective educational practice after the pandemic.

With the increasing development of medical specialties, an urgent necessity of parallel specialties in the laboratories and nursing fields becomes evident. Immunology is the field of science responsible for the study of defense responses developed by an individual in the face of aggression by microorganisms or foreign particles as well as those coming from the internal environment such as neoplastic cells.1 Immunology is considered as a young discipline with an spectacular development that took place in the second half of 20th century. From then till date, there have been many important spectacular advances in the area leading to its consolidation as an independent science separate from microbiology. As part of the Immunology Service at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP), the Short-Stay Immunotherapy Unity (SSI) was established. This unity has been fundamental in ensuring adequate treatment for patients with primary immunodeficiency and autoim- mune in the long term. We highlight the roles of the nursing staff of SSI in the area of drug preparation and patient care.

The cold chain represents an important opportunity for the food industry to offer food safety and quality of perishable foodstuffs, mainly by maximizing shelf life through limiting bacterial growth. Especially meat products have a short shelf life due to their cold chain requirements. Refrigeration equipment must always be appropriately calibrated and monitored to provide the right temperature and ensure its correct performance. This study aimed to evaluate the cold chain at the retail link in supermarkets of the major commercial chains in Mexico during 2021 and 2022 by recording the surface temperature of pork, poultry, and beef cuts in open coolers. A general linear model was used for the statistical analysis in a completely randomized design. The study considered several factors, such as supermarket, season of the year, position inside the refrigerator, type of meat and environmental temperature. Cold chain breaks were detected in certain seasons of the year, in supermarkets, and even within the refrigerator; there were differences between positions where products were placed. The persistence of these variations in the cold chain represents a public health risk caused by the consumption of foods because a temperature increase can lead to a rise in the microbial load of meat products. Thus, meat cold chain requires integrated logistics management in order to maintain high quality of foods.

Abstract Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves’ disease (GD) or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are organ-specific diseases that involve complex interactions between distinct components of thyroid tissue. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to explore the molecular architecture, heterogeneity and location of different cells present in the thyroid tissue, including thyroid follicular cells (TFCs), stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes. We identify damaged antigen-presenting TFCs with upregulated CD74 and MIF expression in thyroid samples from AITD patients. Furthermore, we discern two main fibroblast subpopulations in the connective tissue including ADIRF+ myofibroblasts, mainly enriched in GD, and inflammatory fibroblasts, enriched in HT patients. We also demonstrate an increase of fenestrated PLVAP+ vessels in AITD, especially in GD. Our data unveil stromal and thyroid epithelial cell subpopulations that could play a role in the pathogenesis of AITD.

La comunicación y las relaciones públicas son elementos fundamentales en la construcción de una sociedad democrática y participativa. En México, estos temas han sido objeto de análisis y discusión en diferentes ámbitos, desde el internacional hasta el local. Se ha planteado como objetivo de esta investigación, analizar el impacto de las estrategias de comunicación comunitaria y relaciones públicas en la sociedad civil mexicana. La investigación fue de revisión sistemática y nivel exploratorio, puesto que se buscó recopilar y analizar de manera sistemática la literatura existente sobre el impacto de las estrategias de comunicación comunitaria y relaciones públicas en la sociedad civil mexicana, con un enfoque cualitativo, fundamentada en el paradigma interpretativo. Entre los resultados se logró detectar que los procesos relacionados a las relaciones públicas no han evolucionado de manera rápida debido al lento surgimiento de organizaciones de la sociedad civil, especialmente aquellas cuyos objetivos sociales difieren de los de asistencia social, pero que no optimizan los recursos y no hacen propuestas y demandas claras para la sociedad. Concluyendo que se debe establecer una comunicación recíproca entre organización y opinión pública para influir en ésta, creando vínculos que beneficien ambas partes del ecosistema, promoviendo valores como solidaridad y justicia social.

In present-day educational contexts, the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and gamification has been the basis for implementing escape rooms as pedagogical tools. This paper examines the role of virtual escape rooms in boosting History learners' motivation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) contexts. Twenty-nine first-year undergraduates enrolled in a Classical History module delivered at a Spanish university have participated in this study by playing a virtual escape room game and answering a final survey. The findings reveal that escape rooms may result in highly-motivated students who feel less pressure when communicating in the target language. Therefore, the implementation of escape rooms can be a helpful resource in e-learning environments, fostering oral, collaborative, and critical thinking skills.

Se presenta un estudio sobre la adaptación de un examen de inglés a estudiantes con diversidad funcional. El estudio profundiza en los desafíos que enfrenta un estudiante parcialmente ciego con una pérdida sustancial de visión y sin formación previa en Braille cuando intenta realizar exámenes escritos en la clase de inglés. Entre las dificultades encontradas el navegar en texto continuo con software de conversión de texto a voz (TTS), la dependencia de imágenes y el impacto de las limitaciones de tiempo. La investigación subraya la eficacia de las adaptaciones realizadas al formato del examen para abordar estos desafíos y mejorar la accesibilidad y la inclusión. Los hallazgos revelan resultados favorables para el desempeño y el bienestar del estudiante con diversidad funcional durante el examen adaptado. El estudio enfatiza la importancia de los estudios longitudinales para monitorear el progreso del dominio del lenguaje de estudiantes visualmente limitados a lo largo del tiempo.

Objetivos: la literatura especializada poco ha evidenciado sobre los servicios públicos subnacionales y mucho menos sobre su calidad. El objetivo de la investigación es determinar el nivel de calidad de los servicios públicos municipales en México y con ello definir sus tipos en este nivel de análisis. Metodología: se utiliza un marco metodológico que puntualiza la observación comparativa en realidades municipales disímiles. La investigación parte de una perspectiva empírica y cuantitativa que observa los servicios públicos como proxy al análisis de política pública, con una muestra de 225 municipios de las 32 entidades federativas mexicanas. Para ello se propone una nueva medida que intenta evaluar la calidad de los servicios desde una perspectiva bidimensional. Resultados: los resultados permiten identificar que en la mayoría de los municipios mexicanos los niveles de calidad de los servicios son medios y que, de acuerdo con su naturaleza, algunos servicios se enmarcan en políticas convergentes y coherentes, lo cual mejora su calidad, evidenciando la utilidad y replicabilidad del indicador creado. Conclusiones: el texto concluye con una propuesta de tipología de políticas públicas desarrollada a partir de las dimensiones analíticas utilizadas, aportando una mirada más precisa sobre los servicios públicos a nivel municipal.

La investigació que es presenta es centra en l'anàlisi i en l'estudi dels indicadors melòdics de la ironia verbal en la oralitat prefabricada, i en el context, principalment. A partir d'aquí s'ha tractat d'aportar una explicació objectiva de la ironia en interacció, en base a una metodologia experimental adequada (model Análisis Melódico del Habla), a partir d'un treball empíric que s'ha suposat la recogida d'un corpus basat en sèrie. de televisió. Aquest mateix ha estat avaluat a través de proves de percepció discriminatòria i analitzada melòdicament amb el propòsit de definir objectivament la melodia de la ironia en la interacció. Los datos apuntan a un mayor número de ejemplos con énfasis de palabra en el cuerpo e inflexión final ascendente (Perfil I); moviments de foc ancho pronunciados e inflexión final circunfleja o de nucli elevat (Perfil II) y contornos planos (Perfil III), que serveixen als actors per exagerar els marcadors irònics i transmetre el missatge precís a l'audiència. Paraules clau: Ironia; Percepció; Melodia; Interacció; Oralitat prefabricada