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Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Professor/a d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional i Ensenyaments d'Idiomes. Codi SAP509. Curs: 2018/2019. En este trabajo de Final de Máster (en adelante TFM) se presenta la metodología de la investigación-acción realizada para el tema de funciones para la asignatura de matemáticas aplicadas, en concreto con alumnado de 4.º de ESO, desarrollada durante la estancia en prácticas en el IES Honori García. En esta metodología el papel del profesor investigador es muy importante. Con el fin de mejorar la motivación del alumnado en la materia, se han propuesto dos actividades relacionadas el juego “Breakout”, cada vez más extendidos. Cabe destacar de la investigación-acción que, en los años 40, Kurt Lewin, en Estados Unidos, le dio entidad al intentar establecer una investigación que no se limite a producir libros, sino que se integre la experimentación científica. Esta consta de cuatro fases y es una forma de entender la enseñanza, no sólo de investigar sobre ella. Esta metodología supone entender la enseñanza como un proceso de investigación, de continua búsqueda. Lo más importante de esta investigación es la última fase, la reflexión final que el profesor hace de su práctica. (Herreras, E. B., 2004). Asimismo, un “Breakout” es un juego derivado de las populares “Escape Rooms” y, aunque no son lo mismo, tienen muchas características en común. Principalmente, cambia el objetivo de cada uno, en el primero se han de hallar los dígitos que abren una caja bloqueada con un candado y, en el segundo, salir de una habitación de la cual hay que encontrar la llave. Para obtener tanto el dígito como la llave se necesita la resolución de una serie de enigmas en un tiempo determinado. Para meter al alumnado en el contexto, las actividades están diseñadas con temáticas actuales. Según el artículo encontrado en [w5] los “Breakout“son actividades que: (a) Se adaptan a cualquier contenido curricular. (b) Promocionan la colaboración y el trabajo en equipo. (c) Desarrollan el pensamiento crítico y la habilidad para resolver problemas. (d) Mejoran la competencia verbal. (e) Plantean retos ante los que se debe perseverar. (f) Construyen el pensamiento deductivo. (g) Los participantes aprendan a trabajar bajo presión. (h) El alumnado es el protagonista del aprendizaje y es divertida para todo el mundo.

Diatoms are remarkable organisms. They are present in almost all habitats containing water (e.g., lakes, streams, soils, bark) and rank among the most common algal groups in both freshwaters and marine ecosystems. The ubiquitous character of aquatic diatoms has triggered countless applications as environmental tracers for studies in water quality, paleoclimate reconstruction and sediment tracing. However, diatoms also occur in the terrestrial environment. It is this plethora of diatom life‐forms that has recently triggered interest in their use as tracers of hydrological processes. The use of diatoms in catchment hydrology has been very limited. Part of the reason is that until recently, the taxonomy and ecology of terrestrial diatom assemblages were largely unknown. However, in the past decade, much work has been done to quantify terrestrial diatom reservoir size, dynamics, and potential depletion following precipitation events. Therefore, such terrestrial diatoms now hold promise for use in catchment hydrology—for tracing runoff flow sources and pathways across a wide range of spatial scales. Here we review the literature on terrestrial diatoms and describe the various sampling protocols that have been designed and tested for specific applications in hydrological processes research. We review and summarize the work on terrestrial diatom reservoir characterization, transport mechanisms and pathways to show how such diatom‐based tracer work might be possible at the catchment scale for rainfall‐runoff studies. Finally, we present a vision for future work that might take advantage of terrestrial diatoms in catchment hydrology and discuss the main challenges going forward. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1241. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1241

Analysis of sediment dynamics in Mediterranean environments is fundamental to basin management, particularly for mountain catchments with badlands, which affect water bodies and freshwater ecosystems. Connectivity has emerged in Environmental and Earth Sciences as an evolution of the sediment delivery concept, providing a useful framework for understanding how sediments are transferred between geomorphic zones of the catchment. This study explores the feasibility of excess lead-210 (210Pbex) to analyse sediment connectivity in a 4-km2 Mediterranean mountain basin with badlands (the Vallcebre research catchments, Eastern Pyrenees) by applying simple 210Pbex mass-balance models for hypothesis generation and experimental testing in the field. Badland surfaces in the basin are weathered by freezing during the winter and are further eroded in summer by the effect of highintensity storms. The eroded sediments may remain deposited within the catchment streams from months to years. Application of 210Pbex balance models in our basin proposes: (i) a saw-tooth seasonal pattern of badland surface 210Pbex activities (increasing from October to May, and depleted in summer) and (ii) a downstream increase in sediment activity due to fallout lead-210 accumulation in streambed sediment deposits. Both deposited and suspended sediments collected at the Vallcebre catchments showed, in general, low sediment 210Pbex concentrations, illustrating their fresh-rock origin at the badland sites, but also hampering the understanding of sediment 210Pbex patterns due to high measurement uncertainty (particularly for sediments with d50>20m) and to strong dependence on sediment sampling methodology. Suspended sediment 210Pbex activity reproduced the simulated seasonal activity patterns for the badland surfaces. Contrary to the in-stream transit increases of sediment 210Pbex activity that were predicted by our model simulations, fallout lead-210 concentrations in the suspended sediments decreased towards the basin outlet, suggesting that fine sediment flushing by flooding prevented 210Pbex accumulation in the coarser streambed sediment deposits. These results indicate a high fine-sediment connectivity between the badlands, streams and basin outlet of the Vallcebre catchments, as well as the sequestration and fast transmission of fallout lead-210 by the finest and most dynamic fraction of sediments.