26 results on '"Martín-Vide, Juan P."'
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2. Alluviation of a side-channel by bed material load. Field measurements and modelling
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Ferrer-Boix, Carles, Boix Oliva, Júlia, Martín-Vide, Juan P., and Ollero, Alfredo
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- 2021
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3. Sediment Transport Capacity in a Gravel-Bed River with a Sandy Tributary.
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Martin-Moreta, Pedro, Lopez-Querol, Susana, and Martín-Vide, Juan P.
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BED load ,SOIL classification ,SEDIMENTS ,RIVER channels ,GRAIN size ,ANALYSIS of river sediments ,SEDIMENT transport ,EROSION - Abstract
Bedload transport in a river is a deeply analyzed problem, with many methodologies available in the literature. However, most of the existing methods were developed for reaches of rivers rather than for confluences and are suitable for a particular type of material, which makes them very inaccurate in cases where the sediments are comprised of a mix of different types of soil. This study considers the effect of two different bed sediment sizes, gravel and sand, in relation to bed load transport in a confluence. Five well-known and validated equations (namely Meyer-Peter and Müller, Parker + Engelund and Hansen, Ackers and White, and Yang) are applied to the case study of the Tagus–Alberche rivers confluence (in Talavera de la Reina, Spain), where main and tributary rivers transport different materials (sand and gravel). Field works in the area of the confluence were conducted, and a set of alluvial samples were collected and analyzed. The previously mentioned methods were employed to analyze the geomorphology in the confluence area and downstream of it under different flooding scenarios, concluding different trends in terms of deposition/erosion in the area under historic flooding scenarios. When the trends show erosion, all methods are very consistent in terms of numerical predictions. However, the results present high disparity in the estimated values when the predictions suggest deposition, with Parker + Engelund and Hansen yielding the highest volumes and Meyer-Peter and Müller the lowest (the latter being around 1% of the former). Yang and Ackers and White predict deposits in the same range in all cases (around 15% of Parker and Engelund Hansen). Yang's formula was found to be suitable for the confluences of rivers with different materials, allowing for the estimation of sediment transport for different grain sizes. The effect of different flow regimes has been analyzed with the application of Yang's formula to the Tagus-Alberche confluence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Towards a better understanding of the evolution of the flood risk in Mediterranean urban areas: the case of Barcelona
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Cortès, Maria, Llasat, Maria Carmen, Gilabert, Joan, Llasat-Botija, Montserrat, Turco, Marco, Marcos, Raül, Martín Vide, Juan Pedro, and Falcón, Lluís
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- 2018
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5. Massive incision and outcropping of bedrock in a former braided river attributed to mining and training
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Carles, Ferrer-Boix, Scorpio, Vittoria, Martín-Vide, Juan P., Francisco, Núñez-González, and Daniel, Mora
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- 2023
6. A Large Bridge Pier in an Alluvial Channel: Local Scour versus Morphological Effects and the Role of Physical Models
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Martín-Vide, Juan P., primary, Fael, Cristina M. S., additional, Núñez-González, Francisco, additional, Ferrer-Boix, Carles, additional, Santos, César A. V., additional, Prats-Puntí, Arnau, additional, and Chavarrias, Victor, additional
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- 2022
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7. Sorting of a sand–gravel mixture in a Gilbert-type delta
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Ferrer-Boix, Carles, Martín-Vide, Juan P., Parker, Gary, and Mohrig, David
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- 2015
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8. What controls the coarse sediment yield to a Mediterranean delta? The case of the Llobregat River (NE Iberian Peninsula)
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Martín-Vide, Juan P., primary, Prats-Puntí, Arnau, additional, and Ferrer-Boix, Carles, additional
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- 2020
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9. Hydrological and geomorphological criteria to evaluate the dispersion risk of waste sludge generated by the Aznalcollar mine spill (SW Spain)
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Benito, G., Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Gallart, Francesc, Martín-Vide, Juan Pedro, Regües, David, and Bladé, Ernest
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- 2001
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10. Response to anonimous reviewer (second review)
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Martín-Vide, Juan P., primary
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- 2020
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11. Review by Carles Ibanez
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Martín-Vide, Juan P., primary
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- 2020
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12. Discharge and force distribution in a sinuous channel with vegetated floodplains during overbank flow
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Moreta, Pedro J.M., primary and Martín-Vide, Juan P., additional
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- 2019
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13. Thresholds of particle entrainment in a poorly sorted sandy gravel-bed river
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Batalla, Ramon J and Martı́n-Vide, Juan P
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- 2001
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14. Discharge and force distribution in a sinuous channel with vegetated floodplains during overbank flow.
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Moreta, Pedro J.M. and Martín-Vide, Juan P.
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FLOODPLAINS , *MARKETING channels , *MASS transfer , *ENERGY dissipation , *SHEARING force - Abstract
Overbank flow in a sinuous channel with roughened floodplains has been investigated, focusing on the effect of floodplain vegetation on overall flow resistance. The physical model of the Besòs River has allowed analysing the effect of flexible roughness elements which simulate the natural vegetation of rivers. The experimental measurements of horizontal velocities have been used to obtain zonal discharges and forces along a meander wavelength. The results illustrate that although mass transfer is the most important source of energy losses, in rivers with strongly vegetated floodplains the flow resistance increases considerably due to the strong apparent shear forces acting between the main channel and floodplains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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15. Experimentos de equilibrio de lechos fluviales de arena y grava.
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Martín-Vide, Juan P. and Núñez-González, Francisco
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BED load ,RIVER channels ,SEDIMENT transport ,CONFORMANCE testing ,FLUMES ,SAND - Abstract
Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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16. On how spatial variations of channel width influence river profile curvature
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Ferrer-Boix, Carles, primary, Chartrand, Shawn M., additional, Hassan, Marwan A., additional, Martín-Vide, Juan P., additional, and Parker, Gary, additional
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- 2016
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17. Channel evolution after dam removal in a poorly sorted sediment mixture: Experiments and numerical model
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Ferrer-Boix, Carles, primary, Martín-Vide, Juan P., additional, and Parker, Gary, additional
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- 2014
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18. A Sand‐Gravel Gilbert Delta Subject to Base Level Change
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Chavarrías, Víctor, Blom, Astrid, Orrú, Clara, Martín‐Vide, Juan Pedro, and Viparelli, Enrica
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Laboratory experiments were conducted on a sand‐gravel Gilbert delta to gain insight on its dynamics under varying base level. Base level rise results in intensified aggradation over the topset, as well as a decrease in topset slope and topset surface coarsening, the signals of which migrate in an upstream direction. Preferential deposition of coarse sediment in the topset results in a finer load at the topset‐foreset break, which creates a fine signature in the foreset deposit. Base level fall has the opposite effects. Entrainment of the topset mobile armor causes a coarsening of the load at the topset‐foreset break and so a coarse signature in the foreset deposit. The entrainment of the topset substrate and fine top part of the foreset may follow, which causes a fining of the load and a fine signature in the foreset deposit. The fact that the upstream sediment supply requires a certain slope and bed surface texture to be transported downstream under quasi‐equilibrium conditions counteracts the effects of base level change. This information travels in the downstream direction. In nature base level change is likely so slow that the upstream sediment load maintains the topset slope and bed surface texture and so keeps the topset in a quasi‐equilibrium state. Base level change is therefore not expected to leave a clear signal in a mixed‐sediment Gilbert delta other than a change in elevation of the topset‐foreset interface. Sudden base level rise results in a fine signature in the foreset depositSudden base level fall results in a coarse and subsequently fine signature in the foreset depositGradual base level change is not expected to leave a signature in the deposit other than a change in elevation of the topset‐foreset break
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- 2018
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19. Analysis of antidune migration direction
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Núñez‐González, Francisco, primary and Martín‐Vide, Juan P., additional
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- 2011
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20. Riprap Stability: Transverse and Longitudinal versus Continuous Protections
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de Almeida, Gustavo Adolfo M., primary and Martín-Vide, Juan P., additional
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- 2009
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21. Discussion
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Martín Vide, Juan P., primary
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- 1994
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22. ESTUDIO DE LA DINÁMICA MORFOLÓGICA DEL RÍO FLUVIÀ. ALCANCES Y MÉTODOS FRENTE A LA ESCASEZ DE DATOS.
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Pedro Martín-Vide, Juan, Rodríguez-Máñez, Eduard, Ferrer-Boix, Carles, Núñez-González, Francisco, and Maruny-Vilalta, David
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BED load ,STREAM restoration ,SEDIMENT transport ,DAMS ,GRAVEL ,RIVER conservation - Abstract
Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
23. Instability of a gravel-bed river bifurcation. Field measurements and numerical modelling.
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Ferrer-Boix, Carles, Oliva, Júlia Boix, and Martín-Vide, Juan P.
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- 2018
24. Experiments de flux i sedimentació de llim fi
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Capapé Miralles, Sergi, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, Martín Vide, Juan Pedro, Martín Vide, Juan P. (Juan Pedro), and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona
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626/627 - Abstract
Research on fine sediment transport (silt and clay) is less advanced than research on sand and gravel movement. Nevertheless, fine sediment can be the predominant fraction of the suspended load in some rivers, and its management in reservoirs, ports, sewage and industrial pipes is very important. As sediment becomes finer, the relation between the particles, the fluid and the boundaries becomes more complex. The main goal of the thesis is to find the transport capacity of a quartz dust from laboratory flume experiments and compare it to wash-load in rivers. The average size of the quartz dust particles is 0.004 mm (i.e. fine silt) and the flume is 14.75 m-long and 0.37 m-wide. Surprisingly, it is discovered that there is sedimentation although the hydraulic conditions “summarized by a shear velocity several orders of magnitude higher than the settling velocity of the particles” are a priori unfavourable. Moreover, the sedimentation occurs despite suspended silt transport is very low. In consequence, it is studied the formation and evolution of the silt deposits. The expressions used in the calculation of the suspended transport capacity are based on the energy equilibrium between the energy required to keep the sediment in suspension and the energy dissipated during the transport. They may include correction factors that depend on bed conditions (fixed or alluvial, hydraulically smooth or rough). In this research, the viscous effects “especially when the particle size is smaller than the thickness of the viscous sublayer” are identified as factors that affect the sedimentation (or trapping) of particles within the viscous sublayer. The experiments of this thesis start with silt concentrations ranging between 1.28 kg/m3 and 51.72 kg/m3 and last up to three days. Velocity measurements are performed with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter ADV and over 1000 samples of the mixture of water and silt are withdrawn from the flow to obtain particle size distributions (with the laser diffraction technique) and suspended silt concentrations. The sedimentation of silt over the smooth, non-erodible bottom of the flume generates deposits, with various and rare morphologies in fluvial engineering, where barchans stand out. Barchans are bedforms characteristic “as per the scientific literature” of environments with a limited supply of sediment. In this research, barchans appear although the transport of silt is very high. It is conjectured that the final morphology of the deposits is a function of the suspended silt concentration and the duration of the experiment. The average size of the bedforms in one- day experiments are 4.93 cm-wide, 10.33 cm-long and 0.45 cm-high. The deposit flattens, probably because of the cohesive effects, and flat deposits are observed in experiments with silt concentration exceeding 22.5 kdg/m3. Bedform migration constitutes a bed-load transport that is several orders of magnitude lower than the suspended transport. Overall, one third of the silt in suspension sediments after 1440 min. Temporal evolution of silt concentration is defined by a rational function with variables time and silt mass. This function gives a value of nil concentration at infinite time. The appearance of the bedforms alters the near-bed velocity measurements. Oscillations of the mean vertical velocity around the initial value are amplified with the presence of bedforms and display a pattern. From the temporal evolution of these patterns, it is calculated the bedform migration rate. Small and incipient bedforms migrate at 4 mm/min and larger bedforms migrate at 1 mm/min. These migration rates are similar to the measured ones from the side of the flume., La recerca en el transport de sediment fi (llim i argila) està menys avançada que la relacionada amb el moviment de sorra i grava. Nogensmenys, el sediment fi en la càrrega en suspensió d'alguns rius pot ser majoritari i la seva gestió en els embassaments, els ports, el clavegueram i les conduccions industrials esdevé molt important. Com més fi és el sediment més complexes són les relacions entre les partícules, el fluid que les envolta i el seu contorn. L'objectiu principal de la tesi és trobar la capacitat del transport d'una pols de quars en un canal de laboratori i relacionar-la amb la càrrega de rentat en rius. La mida mitjana de les partícules de la pols de quars és 0.004 mm (és a dir, un llim fi proper a l'argila) i el canal de laboratori té unes dimensions de 14.75 m de longitud útil i 0.37 m d'amplada. Sorprenentment, es descobreix que la sedimentació és abundant malgrat que les condicions hidràuliques resumides en una velocitat de tall que és alguns ordres de magnitud superior a la velocitat de sedimentació de les partícules són a priori desfavorables per a que es produeixi. Encara més, la sedimentació succeeix malgrat que el transport de llim en suspensió sigui molt baix. Així és que s'investiga la creació i l'evolució dels dipòsits de llim. Les expressions més emprades en el càlcul de la capacitat del transport en suspensió provenen d'igualar l'energia necessària pel manteniment de sediment en suspensió i l'energia dissipada durant el transport de sediment, i poden incorporar factors que depenen del fons (fix o al·luvial, hidràulicament llis o rugós). En aquesta recerca, els efectes viscosos, sobretot quan la mida de les partícules és inferior al gruix de la subcapa viscosa, són identificats com a possibles factors que influeixen en la sedimentació (o atrapada) de partícules a dins la subcapa viscosa. Els experiments de la tesi comencen amb una concentració inicial de llim en suspensió que varia entre 1.28 kg/m3 i 51.72 kg/m3 i tenen una durada de fins a 3 dies. S'obtenen mesures de la velocitat amb un velocímetre acústic per efecte Doppler ADV i més de 1000 mostres de la mescla en suspensió per avaluar la concentració en suspensió i la granulometria amb tècniques de difracció làser. La sedimentació de llim a sobre la solera llisa i no erosionable del canal genera dipòsits amb morfologies diverses que no són freqüents en l'entorn de l'enginyeria fluvial. En destaquen les barcanes, que són formes de fons característiques, segons la literatura científica, d'entorns amb un subministrament limitat de sediment. En aquesta recerca, les barcanes apareixen a sobre la solera del canal malgrat que el transport de llim en suspensió és molt elevat. Es conjectura que la morfologia final dels dipòsits és una funció de la concentració en suspensió i de la durada de l'experiment. Les dimensions mitjanes de les formes de fons en els experiments d'un dia de durada són ,4.93 cm d'amplada, 10.33 cm de longitud, i 0.45 cm d'alçada. El dipòsit s'aplana, provablement com a resultat d'efectes cohesius en el llim que sedimenta, i s'observen dipòsits plans en experiments llargs amb concentracions de sediment superiors a 22.5 kg/m3. El transport de fans de llim per la migració de les formes de fans és alguns ordres de magnitud inferior al transport en suspensió. De mitjana, un terç del llim inicialment en suspensió sedimenta quan han transcorregut 1440 min. L'evolució de la concentració de llim en suspensió es defineix amb una funció racional que depèn del temps i de la quantitat inicial de llim. Segons aquesta funció racional, la concentració en suspensió per a temps infinit és zero
- Published
- 2017
25. Flujo desbordado en ríos con llanuras de inundación : cálculo de la capacidad hidráulica en cauces compuestos de planta recta y meandriforme : aplicación a la modelación numérica
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Martín Moreta, Pedro José, Martín Vide, Juan P. (Juan Pedro), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, and Martín Vide, Juan Pedro
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Enginyeria civil [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Visualització tridimensional (Informàtica) ,Inundacions -- Danys -- Prevenció - Abstract
El flujo desbordado en secciones de ríos con llanuras de inundación (secciones compuestas) presenta fuertes fenómenos tridimensionales que lo diferencian del flujo confinado en el cauce principal (asimilable a secciones simples). Estos fenómenos hacen que la modelación del flujo desbordado sea más compleja, y que los resultados obtenidos con los métodos clásicos de cálculo no representen adecuadamente la realidad. La diferencia de calado y de rugosidad entre el cauce principal y las llanuras provoca que las velocidades en las llanuras sean diferentes que las del cauce. Este gradiente de velocidad genera una capa de corte en la línea imaginaría que separa las zonas de cauce y llanuras, a través de la cual se produce una transferencia de cantidad de movimiento (momentum) entre ambas zonas. En el caso de cauces de planta recta (cauces prismáticos), la transferencia es debida únicamente a la tensión de interacción entre las masas fluidas de diferente velocidad, y en el caso de cauces de planta meandriforme, el intercambio de caudal entre cauce y llanuras y el ángulo que forman las direcciones del flujo entre ambos son otros factores que hay que tener en cuenta. Tradicionalmente, la capacidad de las secciones compuestas se ha calculado adaptando los métodos utilizados en secciones simples a las diferencias de calado y rugosidad. Entre los años 1980-2000 se demostró experimentalmente que estos métodos no dan buenos resultados, especialmente cuando la rugosidad de las llanuras es mucho mayor que la del cauce principal, y se desarrollaron nuevos métodos de cálculo. En cauces rectos, el Método de la Fuerza de Interacción, Apparent Shear Force Method (ASFM) en inglés, es el método más estudiado. En el ASFM es necesario calcular la tensión de interacción en la línea vertical de separación entre el cauce y las llanuras (Figura 1). Muchos autores han estimado esta tensión con fórmulas empíricas que son válidas únicamente para la geometría para la cual fueron deducidas En el presente trabajo se propone una formulación generalizada, basada en la hipótesis de la longitud de mezcla de Prandtl, para estimar la tensión de interacción entre cauce y llanura en cauces prismáticos. Esta formulación depende del gradiente de velocidades al cuadrado y de un coeficiente de fricción entre superficies de agua, llamado coeficiente aparente de fricción (apparent friction coefficient en inglés) o coeficiente de interacción. El coeficiente aparente de fricción ha sido calibrado y validado con datos de tensiones de diversos autores La nueva formulación propuesta para la tensión de interacción se ha aplicado al cálculo uni-dimensional usando el método de la fuerza de interacción, Apparent Shear Force Method en inglés (ASFM). La comparación de los resultados con datos de canales de gran escala, el FCF (Flood Channel Facility), y de pequeña escala demuestran la validez y precisión del método para una gran variedad de geometrías. Otros métodos de cálculo, como los métodos tradicionales de separación en zonas, Divided Channel Method en inglés (DCM) o de sección completa, Single Channel Method en inglés (SCM) y los nuevos métodos desarrollados en los últimos años, el método de la Coherencia, Coherence Method (COHM), el método de divisiones promediadas, Weighted Divided Channel Method (WDCM), el método del intercambio de caudales, Exchange Discharge Method (EDM), y el método de separación con interacción, Interacting Divided Channel Method (IDCM), se han aplicado al cálculo unidimensional y se han comparado entre sí en términos de caudal total y de distribución de caudales entre cauce y llanuras. Se mostrarán las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada método en cuanto a ajuste con los datos, sencillez de aplicación y fundamento físico del método. En el caso de cauces naturales donde la geometría en planta es meandriforme, el problema se complica. Se han analizado algunos aspectos de este tipo de flujo, especialmente cuando las llanuras son más rugosas que el cauce, y se ha mostrado la importancia de fuentes de pérdidas como las debidas a la transferencia de caudal y a la interacción turbulenta. El flujo desbordado en cauces meandriformes es marcadamente tridimensional y los métodos tradicionales de cálculo dan errores mayores que en los cauces rectos. En esta tesis se ha generalizado un nuevo método que tiene en cuenta la transferencia de caudal entre el cauce y las llanuras y las tensiones de interacción entre ambas zonas. Este método, que propone una separación vertical entre el cauce y las llanuras, presenta mejoras respecto a los métodos tradicionales, especialmente en el caso de cauces meandriformes con llanuras más rugosas. Se ha demostrado que en estos casos la separación vertical representa mejor la realidad que la separación horizontal. Finalmente, se han utilizado modelos numéricos en una, dos y tres dimensiones para simular el flujo desbordado en canales con datos disponibles y se ha comprobado la influencia de la condición de contorno en el resultado final. Las nuevas formulaciones presentadas para cauces rectos y meandriformes permiten mejorar la estimación de las condiciones de contorno que son habituales en los modelos numéricos, respecto a los métodos tradicionalmente usados que no tienen en cuenta la interacción entre el cauce y las llanuras., This thesis deals with the interaction between main channel and floodplain flows during overbank in rivers with a compound section. In straight compound channel the interaction is mainly due to the turbulent shear stress between fluid masses with different velocity, but in meandering compound channels the mass exchange between main channel and floodplains has also to be considered. The present thesis summarizes the most important experimental data of apparent shear stress available in straight compound channels, covering a wide range of geometries, scales and roughness distributions. A dimensionally sound formula has been followed for estimating the apparent shear stress. The formula is depending on the square of the velocity gradient between the main channel and the floodplain and on the "apparent friction coefficient". The influence of cross-section geometry, asymmetry and roughness on the variation of the apparent friction coefficient has been studied, and a more general formula for estimating this coefficient has been developed, being calibrated from the laboratory data, which include small-scale flumes and the FCF, with smooth or rough floodplains and with rigid or mobile bed in the main channel. The formulae proposed are valid for small scale flumes and for large scale laboratory channels but it is necessary to point out the likely dependence on the scale. The new formulation has been applied to one-dimensional computation by using the ASFM. The results have been compared with experimental data from large channels, FCF, and small channels, showing the validity and accuracy of the ASFM for a wide variety of geometries. Traditional methods, like Single Channel Method (SCM) and Divided Channel Method (DCM), and new methods, like Coherence Methods (COHM), Weighted Divided Channel Method (WDCM), Exchange Discharge Method (EDM) and Interacting Divided Channel Method (IDCM), have been applied to the same data and the performance of these methods have been investigated in terms of total discharge and its distribution between the main channel and floodplains. In natural rivers the main channel usually meanders across the floodplains and the flow interaction is more complicated. In this thesis the overbank flow in a sinuous channel with floodplains has been also investigated, focusing on the effect of floodplain vegetation on different aspects of flow. The available data of the scale model of the Besós River has given the opportunity of working with roughness elements which simulate the natural vegetation of rivers. A complete analysis about the depth-averaged velocity distribution, the discharge distribution and the momentum balance between the main channel and floodplains have been presented. The effects of floodplain roughness (which is flexible vegetation) on discharge distribution and momentum balance have been also investigated. This advances in the compound sinuous channel flow have also been used to generalize a 1D model based on the momentum equation (Martín-Vide and López-Querol, 2004), which include new terms for the interaction between main channel and floodplains. For these terms a closure is presented so that this friction force is expressed in terms of depth and velocity gradients with the aid of one single coefficient (k), which is used throughout the tests. Finally, this thesis also attempts to compare the accuracy of one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) depth-averaged and three-dimensional (3D) codes in the numerical simulation of free surface flows in compound open channels. Assessment was conducted using benchmark data collected from a straight compound channel at the UK EPSRC Flood Channel Facility (FCF) and the sinuous compound channel at the Besós river model. Assessment of the codes has been based on the prediction of water surface elevations and depth-averaged velocity traverses at the middle section of the straight channel and at around a meander bend for the sinuous channel.
- Published
- 2014
26. Bedload transport of sand-gravel mixtures with antidunes: flume experiments
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Núñez González, Francisco, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, Martín Vide, Juan Pedro, Martín Vide, Juan P. (Juan Pedro), and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona
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Enginyeria civil [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Sediments fluvials ,626/627 - Abstract
In this thesis, the interaction between flow and sediment in alluvial channels is studied from an empirical approach, for conditions close or pertaining to supercritical flow, and for four types of sediment: sand, gravel and two mixtures with sand and gravel in a relative proportion of 70-30 and 55-45, respectively. The objective is to obtain by means of laboratory experiments a data set with the characteristics of flow, sediment transport, bed configurations and sediment sorting patterns in sediment mixtures, for different conditions within upper- and transitional-regimes. From a practical perspective, the aim of this work is to reproduce similar conditions to those likely to occur in torrential ephemeral streams, common in the Mediterranean coast and known in Spain as ¿ramblas¿. The experimental work consisted in searching for mobile-bed equilibrium states, for different water discharges and sediment-feed rates. The definitive data set comprises 22 runs, with durations up to 12 hours. Sediment-feed rates were constant during each run, and they were even higher than 1 kg/s. Dominant bed configurations included transitional bedforms and trains of antidunes, coexisting with alternate bars. Antidunes were mostly three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional, and in contrast to the most referred antidunes in literature, the antidunes herein reported moved in the downstream direction and were stable most of the time. Short-crested stationary waves on the water surface accompanied the antidunes. Characterization of the experimental bedforms allowed identifying the range of Froude numbers in which transitional regime prevails for the studied sediment; also, this characterization allowed assessing the performance of theoretical and empirical diagrams for bedform stability phases. It is here demonstrated that for very coarse sand, fine gravel and mixtures of these two materials, plane bed does not occur in the transition from lower- to upper-regime, and if it would occur, it would be restricted to a very narrow range of Froude numbers. Regarding flow resistance related to bedforms in upper-regime, it has been here probed that for similar geometrical conditions, downstream-migrating antidunes produce less flow resistance than dunes, and more flow resistance than upstream-migrating antidunes. An important concern in this work has been to investigate the effect of the relative sand content of sediment in bedforms, flow resistance and sediment transport. It is here demonstrated that bedforms in sand beds can be higher and they can produce much more drag than bedforms in gravel and sand-gravel mixtures. Regarding sediment transport, it is here shown that for the high sediment-feed rates tested in the experiments, certain ranges of sand content would affect sediment mobility. Besides sand content, it is shown that the ratio between sand and gravel grain sizes would also be relevant in the mobility of sediment in comparison to well-sorted material. A conceptual model is suggested for computation of sediment incipient motion, which model is based on the variation of bed porosity with sand content and on the relative size between particles. Some supplementary themes considered in this work include the study of the required conditions for the formation of three-dimensional stationary waves over antidunes; the hydraulic analysis of flow over antidunes and the morphological consequences of such a flow for the three likely regimes of antidune direction of movement; sediment sorting patterns according to sand content, especially bed surface patches of homogeneous sediment; and finally, the analysis of the process by which fine sediment penetrates into a bed composed of particles of diverse sizes., En esta tesis se estudia de manera empírica la interacción entre el flujo y el sedimento en canales aluviales, para condiciones cercanas o pertenecientes al régimen rápido y para cuatro tipos de sedimento: arena, grava y dos mezclas con grava y arena, en una proporción relativa de 70-30 y 55-45, respectivamente. El objetivo es obtener de manera experimental en laboratorio un grupo de datos sobre las características del flujo, transporte de sedimento, configuraciones de fondo y patrones de clasificación en mezclas de sedimento, para diferentes condiciones dentro de los regímenes superior y de transición. De manera práctica, la intención de este trabajo es reproducir condiciones comparables a las que pueden ocurrir en ríos efímeros de carácter torrencial, comunes en la costa Mediterránea y conocidos en España como ramblas. El trabajo experimental consistió en la búsqueda de condiciones de equilibrio dinámico en lecho móvil, para diferentes caudales líquidos y tasas de alimentación de sedimento. 22 ensayos, con duraciones de hasta 12 horas, conformaron el grupo de datos definitivo. Las tasas de alimentación fueron constantes durante cada ensayo, y alcanzaron valores de incluso más de 1 kg/s. Las configuraciones de fondo dominantes incluyeron formas de fondo de transición y trenes de antidunas, en coexistencia con barras alternadas. Predominaron las antidunas tridimensionales sobre las bidimensionales y, a diferencia de las antidunas más referidas en la literatura, las aquí descritas migraban hacia aguas abajo y eran bastante estables. En la superficie del agua acompañaban a las antidunas ondas estacionarias de cresta corta. La caracterización de las formas de fondo experimentales permitió identificar el intervalo de números de Froude en el cual prevalece el régimen de transición en el sedimento estudiado y también evaluar diagramas teóricos y empíricos para las regiones de estabilidad de formas de fondo. Se demuestra que en arena muy gruesa, grava fina y mezclas de estos dos materiales, en la transición de régimen inferior a superior no ocurre el fondo plano, y si así fuese, estaría restringido a un intervalo muy estrecho de números de Froude. En cuanto a la resistencia al flujo producida por las formas de fondo en régimen superior, se ha probado que para condiciones geométricas similares las antidunas que migran hacia aguas abajo producen menos resistencia al flujo que las dunas y más resistencia que las antidunas que migran hacia aguas arriba. De particular interés ha sido reconocer el efecto en las formas de fondo, la resistencia al flujo y el transporte de sedimento, del contenido relativo de arena en el sedimento. Se muestra que las formas de fondo desarrolladas en lechos compuestos sólo de arena pueden ser de mayor magnitud y producir mucha mayor resistencia de forma que las formas de fondo en grava y mezclas de grava-arena. En cuanto al transporte de sedimento, se muestra que para las altas tasas de transporte probadas ciertos intervalos de contenido de arena afectan la movilidad del sedimento. Además de la proporción de arena en la mezcla, el grado de afectación en la movilidad estaría relacionado con la relación entre tamaños de la arena y la grava. Se propone un modelo conceptual para el cálculo del inicio de movimiento de las partículas del fondo, el cual considera la variación de la porosidad en el lecho con el contenido de arena y la relación de tamaños de las partículas.
- Published
- 2012
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