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Antipatharians, also known as black corals, form three-dimensional habitats with high biodiversity from the infralittoral to the bathyal rocky bottoms of The Canary Islands. About thirty species belonging to this group have been found in this archipelago and surrounding areas. However, the taxonomic identification of some species still seems confusing, mainly due to their phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, the combination of morphological and genetic studies to support their identification is required. During a survey aboard the R/V Ángeles Alvariño conducted in 2022 in Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) at La Palma and El Hierro, the western islands of the Canary Archipelago, 23 specimens of black corals were collected with a remote operated vehicle. These samples, collected at depths between 120 and 531 m, were identified using morphological characters and molecular techniques (amplification and sequencing of 28S rRNA gene fragment). Although the results confirm the coincident morphological and molecular identifications for species of the genera Leiopathes or Antipathes, they show certain discrepancies in some taxa between the two approaches. Specifically, morphological features such as size, arrangement of the polyps and the shape of the spines, assign three samples to two different genera Antipathella and Tanacetipathes, while sequence homology to Genbank available sequences for Antipatharia and the phylogenetic analysis identified them as the same taxa. On the other hand, five collected specimens morphologically identified as Stichopathes spp. appear in two separate clades in the phylogenetic tree, being assigned to different genera by the molecular method, which confirms that the genus Stichopathes is a polyphyletic taxon, as previously reported (Bo et al., 2012). Further confirmation of the results presented here will be performed using mitochondrial markers. This study greatly contributes to clarify black corals taxonomy in The Canary Islands.

La discapacidad intelectual es un trastorno del desarrollo neurológico que presenta limitaciones significativas tanto en el funcionamiento intelectual, siendo el lenguaje una de las funciones intelectuales que suele verse más afectada en estas personas, además de la atención y la memoria, como en la conducta adaptativa. Este estudio está centrado en analizar, describir y relacionar las dificultades del lenguaje, de la atención y de la memoria de las personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual leve, que representan alrededor del 80% de los casos de discapacidad intelectual. Para ello se lleva a cabo un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y cuantitativo en la Fundación San Cebrián, (Palencia), donde han participado 21 personas con diagnóstico de D.I. leve de edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 66 años. Las pruebas utilizadas fueron el test Neuropsi, para medir la atención y memoria y el Peabody, para medir el vocabulario y el cociente intelectual verbal. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que el 85,7% de los pacientes presentan problemas en atención y memoria, y en el vocabulario, solo 4 participantes presentan un cociente intelectual verbal para su patología. Como conclusión podemos decir que hay que tener en cuenta que los sujetos con discapacidad intelectual que tienen afectada la atención, la memoria y el vocabulario suelen tener alterado el lenguaje, por lo que se debería intervenir sobre estas 3 variables a la hora de tratar dificultades en el lenguaje., Grado en Logopedia

Large brown macroalgae are foundational threatened species in coastal ecosystems from the subtropical northeastern Atlantic, where they have exhibited a drastic decline in recent years. This study describes the potential habitat of Gongolaria abies-marina, its current distribution and conservation status, and the major drivers of population decline. The results show a strong reduction of more than 97% of G. abies-marina populations in the last thirty years and highlight the effects of drivers vary in terms of spatial heterogeneity. A decrease in the frequency of high waves and high human footprint are the principal factors accounting for the long-term decline in G. abies-marina populations. UV radiation and sea surface temperature have an important correlation only in certain locations. Both the methodology and the large amount of data analyzed in this study provide a valuable tool for the conservation and restoration of threatened macroalgae.

Despite their ecological and socio-economic importance, seagrasses are often overlooked in comparison with terrestrial ecosystems. In the Canarian archipelago (Spain), Cymodocea nodosa is the best-established species, sustaining the most important marine ecosystem and providing ecosystem services (ES) of great relevance. Nevertheless, we lack accurate and standardized information regarding the distribution of this species and its ES supply. As a first step, the use of species distribution models is proposed. Various machine learning algorithms and ensemble model techniques were considered along with freely available remote sensing data to assess Cymodocea nodosa’s potential distribution. In a second step, we used InVEST software to estimate the ES provision by this phanerogam on a regional scale, providing spatially explicit monetary assessments and a habitat degradation characterization due to human impacts. The distribution models presented great predictive capabilities and statistical significance, while the ES estimations were in concordance with previous studies. The proposed methodology is presented as a useful tool for environmental management of important communities sensitive to human activities, such as C. nodosa meadows.

Algae blooms are becoming more frequent throughout the world, causing significant impacts on the environment and even on human health. Benthic cyanobacteria, such as the species of the genus Lyngbya C.Agardh ex Gomont, are one more component of the communities of intertidal and subtidal habitats of all the oceans. Nevertheless, these species present the ability to grow rapidly under certain conditions, even forming blooms that dominate the habitat, and eventually, may affect the rest of the species in the community harmfully. In this study, we present the results of an oceanographic survey carried out on the southern coasts of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote in November 2021, where the massive presence of Lyngbya sp. (species yet to be confirmed genetically) was detected on circalittoral bottoms and at depths greater than 100 m. Dense populations of this species were recognized visually, sampling with ROV-T Tasife, and were also identified by live samples collected with the Liropus ROV. Lyngbya populations presented different colors, mainly depending on the depth, being dark red in the shallowest waters at 80 m and whitish at around 150 m. The accumulations of filaments of this alga overgrown the bed and all the benthic species found there, especially some vulnerable habitat-forming species: cnidarian species such as the black corals Antipathes furcata, Antipathella wollastoni or Stichopathes gracilis, or sponges such as different species of the Axinellidae family. This is the first study assessing the impact of the algae bloom on the circalittoral benthic environment of The Canary Islands.

Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) has been widely applied on the European Union (EU) mainland, whereas the EU Overseas entities still bear potential for implementation. This paper presents novel applications of the MAES procedure in the EU Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries and Territories ("EU Overseas"). Eight case studies from different geographical areas were analysed through a comparative assessment by applying an established framework following key steps in the MAES process, in order to stipulate lessons learned and recommendations for MAES in the EU Overseas. These key steps include the identification of policy questions, stakeholder networks and involvement, application of MAES methods, dissemination and communication and implementation. The case studies were conducted and analysed under the umbrella of the EU MOVE pilot project, including the Azores, the Canary Islands, Saint Martin, French Guiana, Martinique, Reunion Island and the Falkland Islands. Each case study represented different governance, policy and decision-making frameworks towards biodiversity and environmental protection. Case studies predominantly addressed the policy domains of Nature and Biodiversity Conservation and Marine and Maritime Policy. Ecosystem Services (ES) were assessed across a wide range of themes, biomes and scales, focusing on terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems. Results show that the implementation of the case studies was accompanied by extensive communication and dissemination activities. First success stories were visible, where the MAES exercise led to meaningful uptake of the ES concept to policies and decision-making. Yet, there is still work to be done - major bottlenecks were identified related to the MAES implementation centring around financial resources, training and technical expertise. Addressing these aspects can contribute to an enhanced implementation of MAES in the EU Overseas in the future.

Large brown macroalgae are foundational threatened species in coastal ecosystems from the subtropical northeastern Atlantic, where they have exhibited a drastic decline in recent years. This study describes the potential habitat of Gongolaria abies-marina, its current distribution and conservation status, and the major drivers of population decline. The results show a strong reduction of more than 97% of G. abies-marina populations in the last thirty years and highlight the effects of drivers vary in terms of spatial heterogeneity. A decrease in the frequency of high waves and high human footprint are the principal factors accounting for the long-term decline in G. abies-marina populations. UV radiation and sea surface temperature have an important correlation only in certain locations. Both the methodology and the large amount of data analyzed in this study provide a valuable tool for the conservation and restoration of threatened macroalgae.

A detailed correlative structural, magnetic and chemical analysis of non-stoichiometric cobalt ferrite micrometric crystals was performed by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism combined with photoemission microscopy, low energy electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The vector magnetization at the nanoscale is obtained from magnetic images at different x-ray incidence angles and compared with micromagnetic simulations, revealing the presence of defects which pin the magnetic domain walls. A comparison of different types of defects and the domain walls location suggests that the main source of pinning in these microcrystals are linear structural defects induced in the spinel by the substrate steps underneath the islands.

Retargeting of T lymphocytes toward cancer cells by bispecific antibodies has demonstrated its therapeutic potential, with one such antibody approved for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (blinatumomab) and several other in clinical trials. However, improvement of their efficacy and selectivity for solid tumors is still required. Here, we describe a novel tandem T-cell recruiting trispecific antibody for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). This construct, termed trispecific T-cell engager (TriTE), consists of a CD3-specific single-chain Fv (scFv) flanked by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) single-domain VHH antibodies. The TriTE was well expressed in mammalian and yeast cells, bound the cognate antigens of the three parental antibodies, and enabled the specific cytolysis of EGFR- and/or EpCAM-expressing cancer cells, without inducing T cell activation and cytoxicity against double-negative (EGFR−EpCAM−) cancer cells. Bivalent bispecific targeting of double-positive HCT116 cells by TriTE improved in vitro potency up to 100-fold compared to single-positive cells and significantly prolonged survival in vivo. In addition, it was less efficient at killing single-positive target cells than the corresponding bispecific controls, leading to potentially enhanced tumor specificity. Moreover, dual targeting of two tumor-associated antigens may contribute toward preventing the tumor escape by antigen loss caused by selective pressures from conventional single-targeting T-cell engagers, and may help to overcome antigenic heterogeneity.

Dos grandes zonas de la demarcación marina de las islas Canarias forman parte de la Red Natura 2000 como Lugares de Importancia Comunitaria (LIC): “ESZZ15001-Banco de la Concepción” (área total 609.721,92 ha; rango de profundidad 158-2.687 m) y “ESZZ15002-Espacio marino del oriente y sur de Lanzarote y Fuerteventura” (área total 1.433.248,92 ha; rango de profundidad 0-3.300 m). El Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) ha sido encargado de completar la información necesaria para el desarrollo de los planes de gestión, como paso previo a la declaración de estos LIC como Zonas de Especial Conservación, en el marco del proyecto LIFE IP INTEMARES, Acción A.2.1. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis general de la biodiversidad de los dos LIC, partiendo de los catálogos actualizados, basados principalmente en investigaciones previas del IEO y en la información del Banco de Datos de Biodiversidad de Canarias, una completa base de datos que recopila toda la información actual e histórica, respaldada por documentos supervisados por especialistas. Se presta una especial atención a las especies protegidas y a las formadoras de hábitats, que son consideradas elementos claves para la gestión, Two large areas belonging to the Canary Islands marine demarcation are part of the Natura 2000 network as Sites of Community Importance (SCI): “ESZZ15001-Banco de la Concepción” (total area 609,721.92 ha; depth range 158-2,687 m) and “ESZZ15002-Espacio marino del oriente y sur de Lanzarote y Fuerteventura” (total area 1,433,248.92 ha; depth range 0-3,300 m). Within the framework of the LIFE INTEMARES IP project, Action A.2.1, and before the designation of these two SCIs as Special Areas of Conservation, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) is responsible for completing information necessary for the development of management plans. In the present study, a general analysis of the biodiversity of the two SCIs is carried out, starting from the updated catalogs, based mainly on previous IEO research and on information from the Canary Islands Biodiversity Data Bank, a comprehensive database of the Regional Government that draws on all current and historical information, backed by documents supervised by specialists. Special emphasis is placed on protected species and habitat forming species, which are considered key elements for management.

Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows provide several socio-economically ecosystem services, including nurseries for numerous species of commercial interest. These seagrasses are experiencing a worldwide decline, with global loss rates approaching 5% per year, mainly related to coastal human activities. Cymodocea nodosa, the predominant seagrass in the Canary Archipelago (Spain), is also exposed to these threats, which could lead to habitat loss or even local disappearance. In this case study, we estimated the potential economic value of Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows for local fisheries at an archipelago scale. Habitat suitability maps were constructed using MAXENT 3.4.1, a software for modelling species distributions by applying a maximum entropy machine-learning method, from a set of environmental variables and presence and background records extracted from historical cartographies. This model allows characterising and assessing the C. nodosa habitat suitability, overcoming the implicit complexity derived from seasonal changes in this species highly dynamic meadows and using it as a first step for the mapping and assessment of ecosystem services. In a second step, value transfer methodologies were used, along with published economic valuations of commercially-interesting fish species related to C. nodosa meadows. We estimate that the potential monetary value of these species can add up to more than 3 million euros per year for the entire Archipelago. The simplicity of the proposed methodology facilitates its repeatability in other similar regions, using freely available data and hence, being suitable for data-scarce scenarios.

El libro de texto es el material curricular más utilizado en las aulas de Educación Primaria a la hora de llevar a cabo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El principal objetivo por el que este trabajo de Fin de Grado se ha realizado ha sido analizar cómo se trata el contenido de la Antigua Grecia en los libros de textos de Ciencias Sociales, tanto en español como en inglés, de todos los ciclos de Primaria. Podrá ser observado que, a pesar de ser un contenido que se establece en el Currículum de Andalucía, no se suele incluir ni se le da la importancia que se debería. Por otro lado, se presenta un marco teórico sobre diferentes aspectos de la vida en Grecia que todo docente debería conocer para poder ofrecer a sus alumnos el conocimiento debido. Por último, se ofrece una propuesta de intervención educativa que podría ser llevada a cabo con nuestros alumnos de Educación Primaria., The textbook represents the most commonly used curricular material in Primary Education classrooms when carrying out the learning-teaching process. The main objective of this end-of-degree project is to analyse how the Ancient Greece content is treated in the Social Science textbooks, in both the Spanish and English language, of each level of the Primary Education. It could be noticed that although the Ancient Greece is a content included in the Andalusian Curriculum, it is not covered in the classroom as it should. On the other hand, a theorical framework about the different aspects of the life in Greece is presented. All teachers must know these contents in order to be able to offer their students a proper and significant knowledge. Finally, an educational intervention is proposed with the view of using it with the Primary Education students.

© The Author(s) 2018 Tis research was partly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Project No. MAT2015-64110-C02-1-P and MAT2014-52477-C5-2P. Experiments were performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, supported by the Ofce of Science, Ofce of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientifc User Facilities Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. L.M.-G. thanks the MINECO for an FPI contract No. BES-2013- 063396., The structure of magnetic domains, i.e. regions of uniform magnetization separated by domain walls, depends on the balance of competing interactions present in ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic) materials. When these interactions change then domain configurations also change as a result. Magnetite provides a good test bench to study these effects, as its magnetocrystalline anisotropy varies significantly with temperature. Using spin-polarized electron microscopy to map the micromagnetic domain structure in the (001) surface of a macroscopic magnetite crystal (similar to 1 cm size) shows complex domain patterns with characteristic length-scales in the micrometer range and highly temperature dependent domain geometries. Although heating above the Curie temperature erases the domain patterns completely, cooling down reproduces domain patterns not only in terms of general characteristics: instead, complex microscopic domain geometries are reproduced in almost perfect fidelity between heating cycles. A possible explanation of the origin of the high-fidelity reproducibility is suggested to be a combination of the presence of hematite inclusions that lock bulk domains, together with the strong effect of the first order magnetocrystalline anisotropy which competes with the shape anisotropy to give rise to the observed complex patterns., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Los óxidos son los compuestos más abundantes que existen en nuestro entorno y la humanidad lleva haciendo uso de sus propiedades desde hace miles de años. En concreto, la invetigación basada en óxidos de metales de transición ha sido fundamental en el desarrollo de campos tan importantes como la catálisis o el almacenamiento de energía. Su potencial reside en la gran variedad de propiedades que pueden exhibir. Dependiendo de los elementos que los componen y de su estructura, los óxidos de metales de transición pueden ser conductores, superconductores, ferromagnéticos, ferroeléctricos, antiferromagnéticos, etc. Entre ellos, la magnetita (Fe3O4) es un material ampliamente estudiado tanto desde un enfoque fundamental como aplicado para su uso en campos como la biofísica, la catálisis o la espintrónica. Una parte de la presente tesis está enfocada en el estudio de sus propiedades estructurales y magnéticas en superficie haciendo uso de técnicas de microscopía de electrones de baja energía polarizados en spin y de fotoemisión..., Oxides are the most abundant compounds around us and their properties have been exploited by people for thousands of years. Particularly, transition metal oxide research contributed to the development of important fields like catalysis and energy storage. Depending on their composition and structure, transition metal oxides exhibit a wide range of physical properties: they can exhibit conductivity, semiconductivity, ferromagnetism, ferrolectricity, antiferromagnetism, etc. Among them, magnetite (Fe3O4) is a widely studied material, both in fundamental and in applied research for applications in biophysics, catalysis or spintronics. A part of this thesis is focused on the study of the surface structure and the surface magnetic properties of magnetite by means of spin-polarized low-energy electron and photoemission microscopy...

The structure of magnetic domains, i.e. regions of uniform magnetization separated by domain walls, depends on the balance of competing interactions present in ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic) materials. When these interactions change then domain configurations also change as a result. Magnetite provides a good test bench to study these effects, as its magnetocrystalline anisotropy varies significantly with temperature. Using spin-polarized electron microscopy to map the micromagnetic domain structure in the (001) surface of a macroscopic magnetite crystal (~1 cm size) shows complex domain patterns with characteristic length-scales in the micrometer range and highly temperature dependent domain geometries. Although heating above the Curie temperature erases the domain patterns completely, cooling down reproduces domain patterns not only in terms of general characteristics: instead, complex microscopic domain geometries are reproduced in almost perfect fidelity between heating cycles. A possible explanation of the origin of the high-fidelity reproducibility is suggested to be a combination of the presence of hematite inclusions that lock bulk domains, together with the strong effect of the first order magnetocrystalline anisotropy which competes with the shape anisotropy to give rise to the observed complex patterns.

We have grown high quality magnetite microcrystals free from antiphase boundaries on Ru(0001) by reactive molecular beam epitaxy, conserving bulk magnetic properties below 20 nm thickness. Magnetization vector maps are obtained by X-ray spectromicroscopy and compared with micromagnetic simulations. The observed domain configurations are dictated purely by shape anisotropy, overcoming the possible influences of (magneto)crystalline anisotropy and defects, thus demonstrating the possibility of designing spin structures in ultrathin, magnetically soft magnetite at will.

In pulsed laser deposition, the laser irradiation wavelength and the substrate nature and temperature crucially affect the composition, crystallinity, structure and magnetic properties of the grown deposits. In this work, cobalt ferrite (CoFeO) thin films were deposited on Si (1 0 0) and SrTiO (1 0 0) single crystal substrates at room temperature and 770 K using laser wavelengths of 213, 532 and 1064 nm. The deposited films were characterized by atomic force microscopy to determine the surface morphology, by X-ray diffraction to examine their crystallinity, and by micro-Raman, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron and Mössbauer spectroscopies to investigate their composition and stoichiometry. Magnetic characterization was carried out by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. At 770 K and 1064 nm, the films consisted of single-crystal CoFeO ((1 0 0) orientation) when grown on SrTiO, and of polycrystalline CoFeO when grown on Si. The composition of the films became more complex at shorter wavelengths as they contained magnetite and other minority phases in different concentrations. The crystalline quality of the films also decreased with decreasing wavelength even including superparamagnetic species. In general, for the same wavelength, the deposits obtained at room temperature were less crystalline than those produced with the substrate heated at 770 K.

We have grown high quality magnetite microcrystals free from antiphase boundaries on Ru(0001) by reactive molecular beam epitaxy, conserving bulk magnetic properties below 20 nm thickness. Magnetization vector maps are obtained by X-ray spectromicroscopy and compared with micromagnetic simulations. The observed domain configurations are dictated purely by shape anisotropy, overcoming the possible influences of (magneto)crystalline anisotropy and defects, thus demonstrating the possibility of designing spin structures in ultrathin, magnetically soft magnetite at will.