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1. Polarimetric searches for axion dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves using optical cavities

Author

García-Cely, Camilo, Marsili, Luca, Ringwald, Andreas, and Spector, Aaron D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We revisit birefringence effects associated with the evolution of the polarization of light as it propagates through axion dark matter or the background of a passing gravitational wave (GW). We demonstrate that this can be described by a unified formalism, highlighting a synergy between searches for axions and high-frequency GWs. We show that by exploiting this framework, the optical cavities used by the ALPS II experiment can potentially probe axion masses in the range $m_a \sim 10^{-9} - 10^{-6} \, \mathrm{eV}$, offering competitive sensitivity with existing laboratory and astrophysical searches. Also building on this approach, we propose using these optical cavities to search for high-frequency GWs by measuring changes in the polarization of their laser. This makes it a promising method for exploring, in the near future, GWs with frequencies above $100$ MHz and strain sensitivities on the order of $10^{-14} \, \mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$. Such sensitivity allows the exploration of currently unconstrained parameter space, complementing other high-frequency GW experiments. This work contributes to the growing community investigating novel approaches for high-frequency GW detection., Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures

Published
2025

2. Non-Abelian Domain Walls and Gravitational Waves

Author

Fu, Bowen, King, Stephen F., Marsili, Luca, Pascoli, Silvia, Turner, Jessica, and Zhou, Ye-Ling

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We investigate the properties of domain walls arising from non-Abelian discrete symmetries, which we refer to as non-Abelian domain walls. We focus on $S_4$, one of the most commonly used groups in lepton flavour mixing models. The spontaneous breaking of $S_4$ leads to distinct vacua preserving a residual $Z_2$ or $Z_3$ symmetry. Five types of domain walls are found, labelled as SI, SII, TI, TII, and TIII, respectively, the former two separating $Z_2$ vacua and the latter three separating $Z_3$ vacua. We highlight that SI, TI and TIII may be unstable for some regions of the parameter space and decay to stable domain walls. Stable domain walls can collapse and release gravitational radiation for a suitable size of explicit symmetry breaking. A symmetry-breaking scale of order 100 TeV may explain the recent discovery of nanohertz gravitational waves by PTA experiments. For the first time, we investigate the properties of these domain walls, which we obtain numerically with semi-analytical formulas applied to compute the tension and thickness across a wide range of parameter space. We estimate the resulting gravitational wave spectrum and find that, thanks to their rich vacuum structure, non-Abelian domain walls manifest in a very interesting and complex phenomenology., Comment: 29 pages, 15 figures

Published
2024

3. Leptogenesis in Realistic Flipped SU(5)

Author

King, Stephen F., Leontaris, George K., Marsili, Luca, and Zhou, Ye-Ling

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We study thermal leptogenesis in realistic supersymmetric flipped $SU(5)\times U(1)$ unification. As up-type quarks and neutrinos are arranged in the same multiplets, they exhibit strong correlations, and it is commonly believed that the masses of right-handed (RH) neutrinos are too hierarchical to fit the low-energy neutrino data. This pattern generally predicts a lightest RH neutrino too light to yield successful leptogenesis, with any lepton-antilepton asymmetry generated from heavier neutrinos being washed out unless special flavour structures are assumed. We propose a different scenario in which the lightest two RH neutrinos $N_1$ and $N_2$ have nearby masses of order $10^9$ GeV, with thermal leptogenesis arising non-resonantly from both $N_1$ and $N_2$. We show that this pattern is consistent with all data on fermion masses and mixing and predicts the lightest physical left-handed neutrino mass to be smaller than about $10^{-7}$~eV. The Dirac phase, which does not take the maximal CP-violating value, plays an important role in leptogenesis., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, typos corrected, published in JHEP

Published
2024
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4. Testing Realistic $SO(10)$ SUSY GUTs with Proton Decay and Gravitational Waves

Author

Fu, Bowen, King, Stephen F., Marsili, Luca, Pascoli, Silvia, Turner, Jessica, and Zhou, Ye-Ling

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis of a supersymmetric $SO(10)$ Grand Unified Theory, which is broken to the Standard Model via the breaking of two intermediate symmetries. The spontaneous breaking of the first intermediate symmetry, $B-L$, leads to the generation of cosmic strings and right-handed neutrino masses and further to an observable cosmological background of gravitational waves and generation of light neutrino masses via type-I seesaw mechanism. Supersymmetry breaking manifests as sparticle masses below the $B-L$ breaking but far above the electroweak scale due to proton decay limits. This naturally pushes the $B-L$ breaking scale close to the GUT scale, leading to the formation of metastable cosmic strings, which can provide a gravitational wave spectrum consistent with the recent Pulsar Timing Arrays observation. We perform a detailed analysis of this model using two-loop renormalisation group equations, including threshold corrections, to determine the symmetry-breaking scale consistent with the recent Pulsar Timing Arrays signals such as NANOGrav 15-year data and testable by the next-generation limits on proton decay from Hyper-K and JUNO. Simultaneously, we find the regions of the model parameter space that can predict the measured quark and lepton masses and mixing, baryon asymmetry of our Universe, a viable dark matter candidate and can be tested by a combination of neutrinoless double beta decay searches and limits on the sum of neutrinos masses., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023
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5. A Predictive and Testable Unified Theory of Fermion Masses, Mixing and Leptogenesis

Author

Fu, Bowen, King, Stephen F., Marsili, Luca, Pascoli, Silvia, Turner, Jessica, and Zhou, Ye-Ling

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We consider a minimal non-supersymmetric $SO(10)$ Grand Unified Theory (GUT) model that can reproduce the observed fermionic masses and mixing parameters of the Standard Model. We calculate the scales of spontaneous symmetry breaking from the GUT to the Standard Model gauge group using two-loop renormalisation group equations. This procedure determines the proton decay rate and the scale of $U(1)_{B-L}$ breaking, which generates cosmic strings and the right-handed neutrino mass scales. Consequently, the regions of parameter space where thermal leptogenesis is viable are identified and correlated with the fermion masses and mixing, the neutrinoless double beta decay rate, the proton decay rate, and the gravitational wave signal resulting from the network of cosmic strings. We demonstrate that this framework, which can explain the Standard Model fermion masses and mixing and the observed baryon asymmetry, will be highly constrained by the next generation of gravitational wave detectors and neutrino oscillation experiments which will also constrain the proton lifetime., Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures, published version, preprint number corrected

Published
2022
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12. Identification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson's disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study

Author

Okubadejo, Njideka, Ojo, Oluwadamilola, Abiodun, Oladunni, Achoru, Charles, Agabi, Osigwe, Agulanna, Uchechi, Akinyemi, Rufus, Ali, Mohammed, Ani-Osheku, Ifeyinwa, Arigbodi, Ohwotemu, Bello, Abiodun, Erameh, Cyril, Farombi, Temitope, Fawale, Michael, Imarhiagbe, Frank, Iwuozo, Emmanuel, Komolafe, Morenikeji, Nwani, Paul, Nwazor, Ernest, Nyandaiti, Yakub, Obiabo, Yahaya, Odeniyi, Olanike, Odiase, Francis, Ojini, Francis, Onwuegbuzie, Gerald, Osaigbovo, Godwin, Osemwegie, Nosakhare, Oshinaike, Olajumoke, Otubogun, Folajimi, Oyakhire, Shyngle, Ozomma, Simon, Samuel, Sarah, Taiwo, Funmilola, Wahab, Kolawole, Zubair, Yusuf, Gams Massi, Daniel, Gueumekane Bila lamou, Eric, Njamnshi Nfor, Leonard, Magnerou, Mélanie Annick, Fogang Fogoum, Yannick, Shalash, Ali, El-FawaI, Hassan, Khedr, Eman, Fawi, Gharib, A. Eltantawi, Mohamed, Salama, Mohamed, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, Hamed, Sharifa, Tafesse Mengesha, Abenet, Alemayehu Ayele, Biniyam, Melka Oda, Dereje, Zenebe Zewde, Yared, Debebe Gelan, Yohanesse, AkpaIu, Albert, Charway-Felli, Augustina, Stephen Sarfo, Fred, Adjei, Patrick, Obese, Vida, Bocoum, Abdoulaye, Koita, Abdou, Oumar Guinto, Cheick, Coulibaly, Toumany, Maiga, Youssoufa, Kone, Zaynab, Bell, Abiodun, Adebowale, Akintunde A., Akpekpe, John, lyagba, Alagoma, Wulgo, Ali Mohammed, Arabambi, Babawale, Agu, Christian, Dike, Franklin, Ishola, Ismail, Abiodun, Kehinde, Ekenze, Oluchi, Agabi Osigwe, Paul, Balarabe, Salisu, Abubakar, Sani, Williams, Uduak, Fall, Maouly, Mamadou Diop, Alassane, Hilaire Dominique, Ewodo Touna, Mochan, Andre, Modi, Girish, Dindayal, Saiesha, Ali Awadelkareem, Eman, Elsayed, Inas, Dahawi, Maha, Awadelkareem, Mosab Ali, Misbah, Sarah, Mushengez, Brighton, Kimambo, Henrika, Msango, Leonard, Adebayo, Philip, OKeng, Kigocha, Diekker, Marieke, URassa, Sarah, Gouider, Riadh, Ben Djebara, Mouna, Gargouri, Amina, Kacem, Imen, Nasri, Amina, Mrabet, Saloua, Sghaier, Ikram, Mkada, Imen, Atadzhanov, Masharip, Chishimba, Lorraine, Rizig, Mie, Jama, Fatumah, Okunoye, Olaitan, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Singleton, Andrew, Nalls, Mike, Shamim, Ejaz, Jonas, Cabell, Williamson, Jared, Hall, Deborah A., Rosenbaum, Marc, Davis, Staci, Dean, Marissa, Cromer, Candace, Smith, Jenna, Ruffrage, Lauren, Richardson, Joseph, Sipma, Rebeka, Xie, Tao, Padmanaban, Manesh, Warren, Natalie, Mercado, Tomas, Disbrow, Elizabeth, Chauppeta, Brian, Thomas-Dean, Fermine, Toms, Jamie, Lofton, Katelyn, Rawls, Ashley, Rizer, Kyle, Black, Nieci, Solle, Justin, O'Grady, Alyssa, Sherer, Todd, Fiske, Brian, Başak, A. Nazlı, Tan, Ai Huey, Noyce, Alastair, Akpalu, Albert, Espay, Alberto, Martínez-Carrasco, Alejandro, Medina, Alex, Zimprich, Alexander, Brice, Alexis, Karimova, Altynay, Hernandez, Alvaro, Illarionova, Anastasia, Quattrone, Andrea, Singleton, Andrew B, Sobering, Andrew K., Vinuela, Angel, Sanyaolu, Arinola, Schumacher-Schuh, Artur F., Kishore, Asha, Ahmad-Annuar, Azlina, Al Mubarak, Bashayer, Tang, Beisha, Pizarro Galleguillos, Benjamin, Jeon, Beomseok, Siddiqi, Bernadette, Casey, Bradford, Mollenhauer, Brit, Carroll, Camille, Rieder, Carlos, Pantazis, Caroline B., Comart, Charisse, Lin, Chin-Hsien, Klein, Christine, Bale, Claire, Shepherd, Claire E, Wegel, Claire, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Vitale, Dan, Martinez-Ramirez, Daniel, Hall, Deborah, Hernandez, Dena, KP, Divya, Nguyen, Duan, Fon, Edward A., Dadiotis, Efthymios, Riley, Ekemini, Iakovenko, Elena, Stafford, Ellie, Gatto, Emilia M, Valente, Enza Maria, Vollstedt, Eva-Juliane, Faghri, Faraz, Genc, Gencer, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Hadjigorgiou, Georgios, Hiu-Fai Chan, Germaine, Arboleda, Gonzalo, Kaishibayeva, Gulnaz, Höglinger, Günter, Leonard, Hampton, Madoev, Harutyun, Iwaki, Hirotaka, Chen, Honglei, Wu, Hsiu-Chuan, Shang, Huifang, Morris, Huw R, F. Mata, Ignacio, Keller Sarmiento, Ignacio Juan, Dagklis, Ioannis, Tarnanas, Ioannis, Aasly, Jan O., Hoenicka, Janet, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Foo, Jia Nee, Guo, Jifeng, Junker, Johanna, Carr, Jonathan, Kim, Jonggeol Jeff, Orozco, Jorge, Jankovic, Joseph, Shulman, Joshua, Hunter, Julie, Solle, Justin C., Murphy, Kaileigh, Nuytemans, Karen, Kieburtz, Karl, Lohmann, Katja, Marek, Kenneth, Mok, Kin Ying, Kumar, Kishore, Levine, Kristin, Chahine, Lana M., Lange, Lara M., Pihlstrøm, Lasse, Screven, Laurel, Stefanis, Leonidas, Shulman, Lisa, Marsili, Luca, Parnetti, Lucilla, Kuhl, Maggie, Funayama, Manabu, Sharma, Manu, Tan, Manuela, Kauffman, Marcelo, Miranda, Marcelo, Bustamante, Maria Leonor, Stamelou, Maria, Periñan Tocino, Maria Teresa, Cornejo-Olivas, Mario, Jimenez del Rio, Marlene, Makarious, Mary B, Koretsky, Mathew, Rodriguez-Violante, Mayela, Ellis, Melina, Avenali, Micol, Rentería, Miguel E., Inca-Martines, Miguel z, Nalls, Mike A., Ibrahim Norlinah, Mohamed, Umair, Muhammad, Ip, Nancy, Louie, Naomi, Cheung, Nelson Yuk-Fai, Mencacci, Niccolò Emanuele, Wood, Nicholas, Williams, Nigel, Hattori, Nobutaka, Abdul Murad, Nor Azian, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Monchi, Oury, Öztop Çakmak, Özgür, Öztop Çakmak, Patricio Öztop Çakmak, Lewis, Patrick Alfryn, Pastor, Pau, Reyes-Pérez, Paula, Saffie Awad, Paula, Chana, Pedro, Chan, Phillip, Kung, Pin-Jui, Chan, Piu, Pal, Pramod, Lingappa Kukkle, Prashanth, Ojha, Rajeev, Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Krüger, Rejko, Amouri, Rim, Weil, Rimona, Rajan, Roopa, Alcalay, Roy, Wu, Ruey-Meei, Borgohain, Rupam, Sassi, Samia Ben, Khachatryan, Samson, Bandres-Ciga, Sara, El-Sadig, Sarah, Wu, Serena, Groppa, Sergio, Azmin, Shahrul, Lim, Shen-Yang, Ur-Rehman, Shoaib, Ertan, Sibel, Stott, Simon, Jasaitye, Simona, Chowdhury, Sohini, Dumanis, Sonya, Bardien, Soraya, Lubbe, Steven, Koks, Sulev, Dey, Sumit, Foroud, Tatiana, Fon, Ted, Beach, Thomas, Gasser, Thomas, Anderson, Tim, Nguyen, Toan, Schirinzi, Tommaso, Shiraishi, Tomotaka, Pitcher, Toni, Tumas, Vitor, Mohamed, Wael, Kamel, Walaa A., Luo, Wei, Zhou, Xiaopu, Zewde, Yared Z., Song, Yeajin, Wen, Yi, Wu, Yihru, Joong Kim, Yun, Tavadyan, Zaruhi, Fang, Zih-Hua, Ojo, Oluwadamilola Omolara, Crea, Peter Wild, Abiodun, Oladunni Victoria, Levine, Kristin S, Abubakar, Sani Atta, Achoru, Charles Obiora, Adeniji, Olaleye Akinmola, Agabi, Osigwe Paul, Koretsky, Mathew J, Hall, Deborah A, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Ali, Mohammed Wulgo, Shamim, Ejaz A, Padmanaban, Mahesh, Arigbodi, Ohwotemu Michael, Standaert, David G, Bello, Abiodun Hamzat, Dean, Marissa N, Erameh, Cyril Oshomah, Farombi, Temitope Hannah, Fawale, Michael Bimbola, Billingsley, Kimberley J, Imarhiagbe, Frank Aiwansoba, Jerez, Pilar Alvarez, Iwuozo, Emmanuel Uzodinma, Baker, Breeana, Komolafe, Morenikeji Adeyoyin, Malik, Laksh, Nwani, Paul Osemeke, Daida, Kensuke, Nwazor, Ernest Okwundu, Miano-Burkhardt, Abigail, Nyandaiti, Yakub Wilberforce, Obiabo, Yahaya Olugbo, Kluss, Jillian H, Odeniyi, Olanike Adedoyin, Hernandez, Dena G, Odiase, Francis Ehidiamen, Tayebi, Nahid, Ojini, Francis Ibe, Sidranksy, Ellen, Onwuegbuzie, Gerald Awele, D'Souza, Andrea M, Osaigbovo, Godwin Osawaru, Berhe, Bahafta, Reed, Xylena, Oshinaike, Olajumoke Olufemi, Leonard, Hampton L, Otubogun, Folajimi Morenikeji, Alvarado, Chelsea X, Oyakhire, Shyngle Imiewan, Ozomma, Simon Izuchukwu, Samuel, Sarah Chabiri, Taiwo, Funmilola Tolulope, Wahab, Kolawole Wasiu, Zubair, Yusuf Agboola, Kim, Jonggeol Jeffrey, Nalls, Mike A, Heilbron, Karl, Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy, and Okubadejo, Njideka Ulunma

Published
2023
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13. Extreme phenotypic heterogeneity in non-expansion spinocerebellar ataxias

Author

Cunha, Paulina, Petit, Emilien, Coutelier, Marie, Coarelli, Giulia, Mariotti, Caterina, Faber, Jennifer, Van Gaalen, Judith, Damasio, Joana, Fleszar, Zofia, Tosi, Michele, Rocca, Clarissa, De Michele, Giovanna, Minnerop, Martina, Ewenczyk, Claire, Santorelli, Filippo M., Heinzmann, Anna, Bird, Thomas, Amprosi, Matthias, Indelicato, Elisabetta, Benussi, Alberto, Charles, Perrine, Stendel, Claudia, Romano, Silvia, Scarlato, Marina, Le Ber, Isabelle, Bassi, Maria Teresa, Serrano, Mercedes, Schmitz-Hübsch, Tanja, Doss, Sarah, Van Velzen, Gijs A.J., Thomas, Quentin, Trabacca, Antonio, Ortigoza-Escobar, Juan Dario, D'Arrigo, Stefano, Timmann, Dagmar, Pantaleoni, Chiara, Martinuzzi, Andrea, Besse-Pinot, Elsa, Marsili, Luca, Cioffi, Ettore, Nicita, Francesco, Giorgetti, Alejandro, Moroni, Isabella, Romaniello, Romina, Casali, Carlo, Ponger, Penina, Casari, Giorgio, De Bot, Susanne T., Ristori, Giovanni, Blumkin, Lubov, Borroni, Barbara, Goizet, Cyril, Marelli, Cecilia, Boesch, Sylvia, Anheim, Mathieu, Filla, Alessandro, Houlden, Henry, Bertini, Enrico, Klopstock, Thomas, Synofzik, Matthis, Riant, Florence, Zanni, Ginevra, Magri, Stefania, Di Bella, Daniela, Nanetti, Lorenzo, Sequeiros, Jorge, Oliveira, Jorge, Van de Warrenburg, Bart, Schöls, Ludger, Taroni, Franco, Brice, Alexis, and Durr, Alexandra

Published
2023
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15. Phenotype-Agnostic Molecular Subtyping of Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Cincinnati Cohort Biomarker Program (CCBP)

Author

Sturchio, Andrea, Marsili, Luca, Vizcarra, Joaquin A, Dwivedi, Alok K, Kauffman, Marcelo A, Duker, Andrew P, Lu, Peixin, Pauciulo, Michael W, Wissel, Benjamin D, Hill, Emily J, Stecher, Benjamin, Keeling, Elizabeth G, Vagal, Achala S, Wang, Lily, Haslam, David B, Robson, Matthew J, Tanner, Caroline M, Hagey, Daniel W, Andaloussi, Samir El, Ezzat, Kariem, Fleming, Ronan MT, Lu, Long J, Little, Max A, and Espay, Alberto J

Subjects
Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Aging, Neurodegenerative, Genetics, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Patient Safety, Neurosciences, Human Genome, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Good Health and Well Being, biomarkers, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, cohort, drug repurposing, bioassay, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cognitive Sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

Ongoing biomarker development programs have been designed to identify serologic or imaging signatures of clinico-pathologic entities, assuming distinct biological boundaries between them. Identified putative biomarkers have exhibited large variability and inconsistency between cohorts, and remain inadequate for selecting suitable recipients for potential disease-modifying interventions. We launched the Cincinnati Cohort Biomarker Program (CCBP) as a population-based, phenotype-agnostic longitudinal study. While patients affected by a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders will be deeply phenotyped using clinical, imaging, and mobile health technologies, analyses will not be anchored on phenotypic clusters but on bioassays of to-be-repurposed medications as well as on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, and pharmacogenomics analyses blinded to phenotypic data. Unique features of this cohort study include (1) a reverse biology-to-phenotype direction of biomarker development in which clinical, imaging, and mobile health technologies are subordinate to biological signals of interest; (2) hypothesis free, causally- and data driven-based analyses; (3) inclusive recruitment of patients with neurodegenerative disorders beyond clinical criteria-meeting patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and (4) a large number of longitudinally followed participants. The parallel development of serum bioassays will be aimed at linking biologically suitable subjects to already available drugs with repurposing potential in future proof-of-concept adaptive clinical trials. Although many challenges are anticipated, including the unclear pathogenic relevance of identifiable biological signals and the possibility that some signals of importance may not yet be measurable with current technologies, this cohort study abandons the anchoring role of clinico-pathologic criteria in favor of biomarker-driven disease subtyping to facilitate future biosubtype-specific disease-modifying therapeutic efforts.

Published
2020

17. Revisiting protein aggregation as pathogenic in sporadic Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases.

Author

Espay, Alberto J, Vizcarra, Joaquin A, Marsili, Luca, Lang, Anthony E, Simon, David K, Merola, Aristide, Josephs, Keith A, Fasano, Alfonso, Morgante, Francesca, Savica, Rodolfo, Greenamyre, J Timothy, Cambi, Franca, Yamasaki, Tritia R, Tanner, Caroline M, Gan-Or, Ziv, Litvan, Irene, Mata, Ignacio F, Zabetian, Cyrus P, Brundin, Patrik, Fernandez, Hubert H, Standaert, David G, Kauffman, Marcelo A, Schwarzschild, Michael A, Sardi, S Pablo, Sherer, Todd, Perry, George, and Leverenz, James B

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Aging, Dementia, Neurosciences, Parkinson's Disease, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Brain, Causality, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Protein Aggregation, Pathological, alpha-Synuclein, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

The gold standard for a definitive diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is the pathologic finding of aggregated α-synuclein into Lewy bodies and for Alzheimer disease (AD) aggregated amyloid into plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau into tangles. Implicit in this clinicopathologic-based nosology is the assumption that pathologic protein aggregation at autopsy reflects pathogenesis at disease onset. While these aggregates may in exceptional cases be on a causal pathway in humans (e.g., aggregated α-synuclein in SNCA gene multiplication or aggregated β-amyloid in APP mutations), their near universality at postmortem in sporadic PD and AD suggests they may alternatively represent common outcomes from upstream mechanisms or compensatory responses to cellular stress in order to delay cell death. These 3 conceptual frameworks of protein aggregation (pathogenic, epiphenomenon, protective) are difficult to resolve because of the inability to probe brain tissue in real time. Whereas animal models, in which neither PD nor AD occur in natural states, consistently support a pathogenic role of protein aggregation, indirect evidence from human studies does not. We hypothesize that (1) current biomarkers of protein aggregates may be relevant to common pathology but not to subgroup pathogenesis and (2) disease-modifying treatments targeting oligomers or fibrils might be futile or deleterious because these proteins are epiphenomena or protective in the human brain under molecular stress. Future precision medicine efforts for molecular targeting of neurodegenerative diseases may require analyses not anchored on current clinicopathologic criteria but instead on biological signals generated from large deeply phenotyped aging populations or from smaller but well-defined genetic-molecular cohorts.

Published
2019

26. Studying Rare Movement Disorders: From Whole-Exome Sequencing to New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in a Modern Genetic Clinic.

Author

Marsili, Luca, Duque, Kevin R., Abanto, Jesus, Chinchihualpa Paredes, Nathaly O., Duker, Andrew P., Collins, Kathleen, Miranda, Marcelo, Bustamante, M. Leonor, Pauciulo, Michael, Dixon, Michael, Chaib, Hassan, Perez-Maturo, Josefina, Hill, Emily J., Espay, Alberto J., and Kauffman, Marcelo A.

Subjects
GENETIC disorders, MOVEMENT disorders, GENETIC disorder diagnosis, GENETIC testing, GENETICS
Abstract

Background: Rare movement disorders often have a genetic etiology. New technological advances have increased the odds of achieving genetic diagnoses: next-generation sequencing (NGS) (whole-exome sequencing—WES; whole-genome sequencing—WGS) and long-read sequencing (LRS). In 2017, we launched a WES program for patients with rare movement disorders of suspected genetic etiology. We aim to describe the accumulated experience of a modern movement disorder genetic clinic, highlighting how different available genetic tests might be prioritized according to the clinical phenotype and pattern of inheritance. Methods: Participants were studied through WES analysis. Descriptive statistics, including the mean, standard deviation, counts, and percentages, were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics in all subjects and with each type of result [pathogenic or likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain significance (VUS), negative]. Results: We studied 88 patients (93.2% Caucasian, 5.72% African American, and 1.08% Hispanic or Latino). After excluding six family members from four index participants, the diagnostic yield of WES reached 27% (22/82 probands). The age at onset was significantly lower in patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. The most common clinical phenotypes were ataxia and parkinsonism. Dystonia, ataxia, leukoencephalopathy, and parkinsonism were associated with most genetic diagnoses. Conclusions: We propose a comprehensive protocol with decision tree testing for WGS and LRS, a return of results, and a re-analysis of inconclusive genetic data to increase the diagnostic yield of patients with rare neurogenetic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Appropriateness, safety, and effectiveness of “drip and ship” teleconsultation model in Southeastern Tuscany: a feasibility study

Author

Gallerini, Simone, Marsili, Luca, Groccia, Vincenzo, Bartalucci, Manuele, Innocenti, Eleonora, Marotti, Caterina, Pieri, Sergio, Plewnia, Katrin, Scarpini, Chiara, Keeling, Elizabeth G., Gregorio, Massimo, Geraci, Simone, Zocchi, Mauro, Cirinei, Marco, De Stefano, Teresa, Galassi, Stefania, Martini, Giuseppe, Tassi, Rossana, Bracco, Sandra, Cerase, Alfonso, Dami, Stefano, Panzardi, Giuseppe, Breggia, Mauro, and Marconi, Roberto

Published
2020
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37. Dropped Head Syndrome: The Importance of Neurophysiology in Distinguishing Myasthenia Gravis from Parkinson's Disease.

Author

Mangiardi, Marilena, Magliozzi, Alessandro, Colosimo, Carlo, and Marsili, Luca

Subjects
DROPPED head syndrome, NEUROMUSCULAR diseases, PARKINSON'S disease, MUSCLE weakness, ACTION potentials, MYASTHENIA gravis
Abstract

Dropped head syndrome (DHS) is characterized by severe forward flexion of the cervical spine due to an imbalance in neck muscle tone. This condition can be linked to various neuromuscular diseases, including myasthenia gravis (MG). On the other hand, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients may show a clinically indistinguishable picture named antecollis, which is caused by increased axial tone, but without muscle weakness. Differentiating between DHS and antecollis is crucial due to their distinct treatment requirements. We present the case of a 71-year-old White male with a one-month history of severe neck flexion, mild dysphagia, and dysphonia. His medical history included diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, and mild cervical spondylosis. Neurological examination revealed features of Parkinsonism, including hypomimia, asymmetric rigidity, and reduced arm swing. There was significant weakness in his neck extensor muscles, with no signs of ptosis or diplopia. Brain/spine MRI scans were unremarkable, but electromyography showed a reduced compound muscle action potentials amplitude in repetitive nerve stimulation, consistent with MG. High-titer acetylcholine receptor antibodies confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with pyridostigmine (60 to 120 mg/day) and plasma exchange (daily, for five consecutive days) improved the patient's general condition and neck posture. Concurrently, the patient was diagnosed with PD based on established clinical criteria and improved with carbidopa/levodopa therapy (up to 150/600 mg/daily). This case highlights the rare co-occurrence of MG and PD, emphasizing the need for thorough clinical, neurophysiological, and laboratory evaluations in complex DHS presentations. Managing MG's life-threatening aspects and addressing PD symptoms requires a tailored approach, showcasing the critical role of neurophysiology in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Can We Better Predict the Timing for Medication Initiation in Early PD?

Author

Colosimo, Carlo and Marsili, Luca

Subjects
*PARKINSON'S disease, *MOVEMENT disorders, *ITEM response theory, *PROPORTIONAL hazards models, *BIOLOGICAL classification, *VOICE disorders
Abstract

The article discusses the shift in the approach to initiating medication, particularly levodopa, in early Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. It emphasizes the importance of early dopaminergic treatment based on individual needs and preferences. The study explores a shorter combination of patient-reported items from the Movement Disorder Society-UPDRS scale to predict the initiation of dopaminergic therapy accurately. The findings suggest that patient-reported information at baseline can help predict relevant clinical outcomes, such as the timing of medication initiation, and may improve patient care and management in PD. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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41. The Whistle‐Smile Reflex in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study.

Author

Paparella, Giulia, Marsili, Luca, Duque, Kevin R., Balestrucci, Lucrezia, Martini, Adriana, Cannavacciuolo, Antonio, Costa, Davide, Birreci, Daniele, De Riggi, Martina, Angelini, Luca, Espay, Alberto J., and Bologna, Matteo

Subjects
*PARKINSON'S disease, *ROYALTIES (Copyright), *FACIAL expression, *QUALITY of life, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *SMILING, *MOVEMENT disorders
Abstract

The article "The Whistle-Smile Reflex in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study" published in Movement Disorders Clinical Practice explores the absence of the whistle-smile reflex (WSR) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). The study involved video recordings of participants performing a whistle and assessing their immediate smile response. Results showed that 76.47% of PD patients did not exhibit a smile after whistling, indicating a potential diagnostic marker for PD. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical implications of the WSR in PD diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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46. Parkinson's disease diagnosis codes are insufficiently accurate for electronic health record research and differ by race

Author

Hill, Emily J., primary, Sharma, Jennifer, additional, Wissel, Benjamin, additional, Sawyer, Russell P., additional, Jiang, Megan, additional, Marsili, Luca, additional, Duque, Kevin, additional, Botsford, Vanesa, additional, Wood, Christopher, additional, DeLano, Kelly, additional, Sun, Qin, additional, Kissela, Brett, additional, and Espay, Alberto J., additional

Published
2023
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47. Identification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson's disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study

Author

Rizig, Mie, primary, Bandres-Ciga, Sara, additional, Makarious, Mary B, additional, Ojo, Oluwadamilola Omolara, additional, Crea, Peter Wild, additional, Abiodun, Oladunni Victoria, additional, Levine, Kristin S, additional, Abubakar, Sani Atta, additional, Achoru, Charles Obiora, additional, Vitale, Dan, additional, Adeniji, Olaleye Akinmola, additional, Agabi, Osigwe Paul, additional, Koretsky, Mathew J, additional, Agulanna, Uchechi, additional, Hall, Deborah A, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Xie, Tao, additional, Ali, Mohammed Wulgo, additional, Shamim, Ejaz A, additional, Ani-Osheku, Ifeyinwa, additional, Padmanaban, Mahesh, additional, Arigbodi, Ohwotemu Michael, additional, Standaert, David G, additional, Bello, Abiodun Hamzat, additional, Dean, Marissa N, additional, Erameh, Cyril Oshomah, additional, Elsayed, Inas, additional, Farombi, Temitope Hannah, additional, Okunoye, Olaitan, additional, Fawale, Michael Bimbola, additional, Billingsley, Kimberley J, additional, Imarhiagbe, Frank Aiwansoba, additional, Jerez, Pilar Alvarez, additional, Iwuozo, Emmanuel Uzodinma, additional, Baker, Breeana, additional, Komolafe, Morenikeji Adeyoyin, additional, Malik, Laksh, additional, Nwani, Paul Osemeke, additional, Daida, Kensuke, additional, Nwazor, Ernest Okwundu, additional, Miano-Burkhardt, Abigail, additional, Nyandaiti, Yakub Wilberforce, additional, Fang, Zih-Hua, additional, Obiabo, Yahaya Olugbo, additional, Kluss, Jillian H, additional, Odeniyi, Olanike Adedoyin, additional, Hernandez, Dena G, additional, Odiase, Francis Ehidiamen, additional, Tayebi, Nahid, additional, Ojini, Francis Ibe, additional, Sidranksy, Ellen, additional, Onwuegbuzie, Gerald Awele, additional, D'Souza, Andrea M, additional, Osaigbovo, Godwin Osawaru, additional, Berhe, Bahafta, additional, Osemwegie, Nosakhare, additional, Reed, Xylena, additional, Oshinaike, Olajumoke Olufemi, additional, Leonard, Hampton L, additional, Otubogun, Folajimi Morenikeji, additional, Alvarado, Chelsea X, additional, Oyakhire, Shyngle Imiewan, additional, Ozomma, Simon Izuchukwu, additional, Samuel, Sarah Chabiri, additional, Taiwo, Funmilola Tolulope, additional, Wahab, Kolawole Wasiu, additional, Zubair, Yusuf Agboola, additional, Iwaki, Hirotaka, additional, Kim, Jonggeol Jeffrey, additional, Morris, Huw R, additional, Hardy, John, additional, Nalls, Mike A, additional, Heilbron, Karl, additional, Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy, additional, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, additional, Houlden, Henry, additional, Singleton, Andrew, additional, Okubadejo, Njideka Ulunma, additional, Okubadejo, Njideka, additional, Ojo, Oluwadamilola, additional, Abiodun, Oladunni, additional, Achoru, Charles, additional, Agabi, Osigwe, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus, additional, Ali, Mohammed, additional, Arigbodi, Ohwotemu, additional, Bello, Abiodun, additional, Erameh, Cyril, additional, Farombi, Temitope, additional, Fawale, Michael, additional, Imarhiagbe, Frank, additional, Iwuozo, Emmanuel, additional, Komolafe, Morenikeji, additional, Nwani, Paul, additional, Nwazor, Ernest, additional, Nyandaiti, Yakub, additional, Obiabo, Yahaya, additional, Odeniyi, Olanike, additional, Odiase, Francis, additional, Ojini, Francis, additional, Onwuegbuzie, Gerald, additional, Osaigbovo, Godwin, additional, Oshinaike, Olajumoke, additional, Otubogun, Folajimi, additional, Oyakhire, Shyngle, additional, Ozomma, Simon, additional, Samuel, Sarah, additional, Taiwo, Funmilola, additional, Wahab, Kolawole, additional, Zubair, Yusuf, additional, Gams Massi, Daniel, additional, Gueumekane Bila lamou, Eric, additional, Njamnshi Nfor, Leonard, additional, Magnerou, Mélanie Annick, additional, Fogang Fogoum, Yannick, additional, Shalash, Ali, additional, El-FawaI, Hassan, additional, Khedr, Eman, additional, Fawi, Gharib, additional, A. Eltantawi, Mohamed, additional, Salama, Mohamed, additional, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, additional, Hamed, Sharifa, additional, Tafesse Mengesha, Abenet, additional, Alemayehu Ayele, Biniyam, additional, Melka Oda, Dereje, additional, Zenebe Zewde, Yared, additional, Debebe Gelan, Yohanesse, additional, AkpaIu, Albert, additional, Charway-Felli, Augustina, additional, Stephen Sarfo, Fred, additional, Adjei, Patrick, additional, Obese, Vida, additional, Bocoum, Abdoulaye, additional, Koita, Abdou, additional, Oumar Guinto, Cheick, additional, Coulibaly, Toumany, additional, Maiga, Youssoufa, additional, Kone, Zaynab, additional, Bell, Abiodun, additional, Adebowale, Akintunde A., additional, Akpekpe, John, additional, lyagba, Alagoma, additional, Wulgo, Ali Mohammed, additional, Arabambi, Babawale, additional, Agu, Christian, additional, Dike, Franklin, additional, Ishola, Ismail, additional, Abiodun, Kehinde, additional, Ekenze, Oluchi, additional, Agabi Osigwe, Paul, additional, Balarabe, Salisu, additional, Abubakar, Sani, additional, Williams, Uduak, additional, Fall, Maouly, additional, Mamadou Diop, Alassane, additional, Hilaire Dominique, Ewodo Touna, additional, Mochan, Andre, additional, Modi, Girish, additional, Dindayal, Saiesha, additional, Ali Awadelkareem, Eman, additional, Dahawi, Maha, additional, Awadelkareem, Mosab Ali, additional, Misbah, Sarah, additional, Mushengez, Brighton, additional, Kimambo, Henrika, additional, Msango, Leonard, additional, Adebayo, Philip, additional, OKeng, Kigocha, additional, Diekker, Marieke, additional, URassa, Sarah, additional, Gouider, Riadh, additional, Ben Djebara, Mouna, additional, Gargouri, Amina, additional, Kacem, Imen, additional, Nasri, Amina, additional, Mrabet, Saloua, additional, Sghaier, Ikram, additional, Mkada, Imen, additional, Atadzhanov, Masharip, additional, Chishimba, Lorraine, additional, Rizig, Mie, additional, Jama, Fatumah, additional, Nalls, Mike, additional, Shamim, Ejaz, additional, Jonas, Cabell, additional, Williamson, Jared, additional, Hall, Deborah A., additional, Rosenbaum, Marc, additional, Davis, Staci, additional, Dean, Marissa, additional, Cromer, Candace, additional, Smith, Jenna, additional, Ruffrage, Lauren, additional, Richardson, Joseph, additional, Sipma, Rebeka, additional, Padmanaban, Manesh, additional, Warren, Natalie, additional, Mercado, Tomas, additional, Disbrow, Elizabeth, additional, Chauppeta, Brian, additional, Thomas-Dean, Fermine, additional, Toms, Jamie, additional, Lofton, Katelyn, additional, Rawls, Ashley, additional, Rizer, Kyle, additional, Black, Nieci, additional, Solle, Justin, additional, O'Grady, Alyssa, additional, Sherer, Todd, additional, Fiske, Brian, additional, Başak, A. Nazlı, additional, Tan, Ai Huey, additional, Noyce, Alastair, additional, Akpalu, Albert, additional, Espay, Alberto, additional, Martínez-Carrasco, Alejandro, additional, Medina, Alex, additional, Zimprich, Alexander, additional, Brice, Alexis, additional, Karimova, Altynay, additional, Hernandez, Alvaro, additional, Illarionova, Anastasia, additional, Quattrone, Andrea, additional, Singleton, Andrew B, additional, Sobering, Andrew K., additional, Vinuela, Angel, additional, Sanyaolu, Arinola, additional, Schumacher-Schuh, Artur F., additional, Kishore, Asha, additional, Ahmad-Annuar, Azlina, additional, Al Mubarak, Bashayer, additional, Tang, Beisha, additional, Pizarro Galleguillos, Benjamin, additional, Jeon, Beomseok, additional, Siddiqi, Bernadette, additional, Casey, Bradford, additional, Mollenhauer, Brit, additional, Carroll, Camille, additional, Rieder, Carlos, additional, Pantazis, Caroline B., additional, Comart, Charisse, additional, Lin, Chin-Hsien, additional, Klein, Christine, additional, Bale, Claire, additional, Shepherd, Claire E, additional, Wegel, Claire, additional, Martinez-Ramirez, Daniel, additional, Hall, Deborah, additional, Hernandez, Dena, additional, KP, Divya, additional, Nguyen, Duan, additional, Fon, Edward A., additional, Dadiotis, Efthymios, additional, Riley, Ekemini, additional, Iakovenko, Elena, additional, Stafford, Ellie, additional, Gatto, Emilia M, additional, Valente, Enza Maria, additional, Vollstedt, Eva-Juliane, additional, Faghri, Faraz, additional, Genc, Gencer, additional, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, additional, Hadjigorgiou, Georgios, additional, Hiu-Fai Chan, Germaine, additional, Arboleda, Gonzalo, additional, Kaishibayeva, Gulnaz, additional, Höglinger, Günter, additional, Leonard, Hampton, additional, Madoev, Harutyun, additional, Chen, Honglei, additional, Wu, Hsiu-Chuan, additional, Shang, Huifang, additional, F. Mata, Ignacio, additional, Keller Sarmiento, Ignacio Juan, additional, Dagklis, Ioannis, additional, Tarnanas, Ioannis, additional, Aasly, Jan O., additional, Hoenicka, Janet, additional, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, additional, Foo, Jia Nee, additional, Guo, Jifeng, additional, Junker, Johanna, additional, Carr, Jonathan, additional, Kim, Jonggeol Jeff, additional, Orozco, Jorge, additional, Jankovic, Joseph, additional, Shulman, Joshua, additional, Hunter, Julie, additional, Solle, Justin C., additional, Murphy, Kaileigh, additional, Nuytemans, Karen, additional, Kieburtz, Karl, additional, Lohmann, Katja, additional, Marek, Kenneth, additional, Mok, Kin Ying, additional, Kumar, Kishore, additional, Levine, Kristin, additional, Chahine, Lana M., additional, Lange, Lara M., additional, Pihlstrøm, Lasse, additional, Screven, Laurel, additional, Stefanis, Leonidas, additional, Shulman, Lisa, additional, Marsili, Luca, additional, Parnetti, Lucilla, additional, Kuhl, Maggie, additional, Funayama, Manabu, additional, Sharma, Manu, additional, Tan, Manuela, additional, Kauffman, Marcelo, additional, Miranda, Marcelo, additional, Bustamante, Maria Leonor, additional, Stamelou, Maria, additional, Periñan Tocino, Maria Teresa, additional, Cornejo-Olivas, Mario, additional, Jimenez del Rio, Marlene, additional, Koretsky, Mathew, additional, Rodriguez-Violante, Mayela, additional, Ellis, Melina, additional, Avenali, Micol, additional, Rentería, Miguel E., additional, Inca-Martines, Miguel z, additional, Nalls, Mike A., additional, Ibrahim Norlinah, Mohamed, additional, Umair, Muhammad, additional, Ip, Nancy, additional, Louie, Naomi, additional, Cheung, Nelson Yuk-Fai, additional, Mencacci, Niccolò Emanuele, additional, Wood, Nicholas, additional, Williams, Nigel, additional, Hattori, Nobutaka, additional, Abdul Murad, Nor Azian, additional, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, additional, Monchi, Oury, additional, Öztop Çakmak, Özgür, additional, Öztop Çakmak, Patricio Öztop Çakmak, additional, Lewis, Patrick Alfryn, additional, Pastor, Pau, additional, Reyes-Pérez, Paula, additional, Saffie Awad, Paula, additional, Chana, Pedro, additional, Chan, Phillip, additional, Kung, Pin-Jui, additional, Chan, Piu, additional, Pal, Pramod, additional, Lingappa Kukkle, Prashanth, additional, Ojha, Rajeev, additional, Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, additional, Krüger, Rejko, additional, Amouri, Rim, additional, Weil, Rimona, additional, Rajan, Roopa, additional, Alcalay, Roy, additional, Wu, Ruey-Meei, additional, Borgohain, Rupam, additional, Sassi, Samia Ben, additional, Khachatryan, Samson, additional, El-Sadig, Sarah, additional, Wu, Serena, additional, Groppa, Sergio, additional, Azmin, Shahrul, additional, Lim, Shen-Yang, additional, Ur-Rehman, Shoaib, additional, Ertan, Sibel, additional, Stott, Simon, additional, Jasaitye, Simona, additional, Chowdhury, Sohini, additional, Dumanis, Sonya, additional, Bardien, Soraya, additional, Lubbe, Steven, additional, Koks, Sulev, additional, Dey, Sumit, additional, Foroud, Tatiana, additional, Fon, Ted, additional, Beach, Thomas, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Anderson, Tim, additional, Nguyen, Toan, additional, Schirinzi, Tommaso, additional, Shiraishi, Tomotaka, additional, Pitcher, Toni, additional, Tumas, Vitor, additional, Mohamed, Wael, additional, Kamel, Walaa A., additional, Luo, Wei, additional, Zhou, Xiaopu, additional, Zewde, Yared Z., additional, Song, Yeajin, additional, Wen, Yi, additional, Wu, Yihru, additional, Joong Kim, Yun, additional, and Tavadyan, Zaruhi, additional

Published
2023
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