Search

Your search keyword '"Marsay, Chris M."' showing total 31 results
Start Over Author "Marsay, Chris M."
31 results on '"Marsay, Chris M."'

4. Dissolved and particulate trace elements in late summer Arctic melt ponds

Author

Marsay, Chris M., Aguilar-Islas, Ana, Fitzsimmons, Jessica N., Hatta, Mariko, Jensen, Laramie T., John, Seth G., Kadko, David, Landing, William M., Lanning, Nathan T., Morton, Peter L., Pasqualini, Angelica, Rauschenberg, Sara, Sherrell, Robert M., Shiller, Alan M., Twining, Benjamin S., Whitmore, Laura M., Zhang, Ruifeng, and Buck, Clifton S.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Biological, Physical, and Atmospheric Controls on the Distribution of Cadmium and Its Isotopes in the Pacific Ocean

Author

Sieber, Matthias, primary, Lanning, Nathan T., additional, Bunnell, Zachary B., additional, Bian, Xiaopeng, additional, Yang, Shun‐Chung, additional, Marsay, Chris M., additional, Landing, William M., additional, Buck, Clifton S., additional, Fitzsimmons, Jessica N., additional, John, Seth G., additional, and Conway, Tim M., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Does Sea Spray Aerosol Contribute Significantly to Aerosol Trace Element Loading? A Case Study From the U.S. GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect (GP15)

Author

Marsay, Chris M., primary, Landing, William M., additional, Umstead, Devon, additional, Till, Claire P., additional, Freiberger, Robert, additional, Fitzsimmons, Jessica N., additional, Lanning, Nathan T., additional, Shiller, Alan M., additional, Hatta, Mariko, additional, Chmiel, Rebecca, additional, Saito, Mak, additional, and Buck, Clifton S., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Reconciliation of the carbon budget in the ocean's twilight zone

Author

Giering, Sarah L.C., Sanders, Richard, Lampitt, Richard S., Anderson, Thomas R., Tamburini, Christian, Boutrif, Mehdi, Zubkov, Mikhail V., Marsay, Chris M., Henson, Stephanie A., Saw, Kevin, Cook, Kathryn, and Mayor, Daniel J.

Subjects
Dissolved organic carbon -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Twilight zone (Oceanography) -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Marine zooplankton -- Research -- Behavior, Prokaryotes -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Photosynthesis in the surface ocean produces approximately 100 gigatonnes of organic carbon per year, of which 5 to 15 per cent is exported to the deep ocean (1,2). The rate at which the sinking carbon is converted into carbon dioxide by heterotrophic organisms at depth is important in controlling oceanic carbon storage (3). It remains uncertain, however, to what extent surface ocean carbon supply meets the demand of water-column biota; the discrepancy between known carbon sources and sinks is as much as two orders of magnitude (4-8). Here we present field measurements, respiration rate estimates and a steady-state model that allow us to balance carbon sources and sinks to within observational uncertainties at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain site in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. We find that prokaryotes are responsible for 70 to 92 per cent of the estimated remineralization in the twilight zone (depths of 50 to 1,000 metres) despite the fact that much of the organic carbon is exported in the form of large, fast-sinking particles accessible to larger zooplankton. We suggest that this occurs because zooplankton fragment and ingest half of the fast-sinking particles, of which more than 30 per cent may be released as suspended and slowly sinking matter, stimulating the deep-ocean microbial loop. The synergy between microbes and zooplankton in the twilight zone is important to our understanding of the processes controlling the oceanic carbon sink., The global carbon cycle is affected by biological processes in the oceans, which export carbon from surface waters in the form of organic matter and store it at depth, in [...]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Trace element biogeochemistry in the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean: seasonal variations and volcanic inputs

Author

Achterberg, Eric P., Steigenberger, Sebastian, Klar, Jessica K., Browning, Thomas J., Marsay, Chris M., Painter, Stuart C., Vieira, Lúcia H., Baker, Alex R., Hamilton, Douglas S., Tanhua, Toste, Moore, C. Mark, Achterberg, Eric P., Steigenberger, Sebastian, Klar, Jessica K., Browning, Thomas J., Marsay, Chris M., Painter, Stuart C., Vieira, Lúcia H., Baker, Alex R., Hamilton, Douglas S., Tanhua, Toste, and Moore, C. Mark

Abstract

We present dissolved and total dissolvable trace elements for spring and summer cruises in 2010 in the high latitude North Atlantic. Surface and full depth data are provided for Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn in the Iceland and Irminger Basins, and consequences of biological uptake and inputs by the spring Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption are assessed. Ash from Eyjafjallajökull resulted in pronounced increases in Al, Mn and Zn in surface waters in close proximity to Iceland during the eruption, whilst 3 months later during the summer cruise levels had returned to more typical values for the region. The apparent seasonal removal ratios of surface trace elements were consistent with biological export. Assessment of supply of trace elements to the surface mixed layer for the region, excluding volcanic inputs, indicated that deep winter mixing was the dominant source, with diffusive mixing being a minor source (between 13.5% (dissolved Cd (DCd)) and ‐2.43% (DZn) of deep winter flux), and atmospheric inputs being an important source only for DAl and DZn (DAl up to 42% and DZn up to 4.2% of deep winter+diffusive fluxes) and typically less than 1% for the other elements. Elemental supply ratios to the surface mixed layer through convection were comparable to apparent removal ratios we calculated between spring and summer. Given that deep mixing dominated nutrient and trace element supply to surface waters, predicted increases in water column stratification in this region may reduce supply, with potential consequences for primary production and the biological carbon pump.

Published
2021

15. 210Pb and 7Be as Coupled Flux and Source Tracers for Aerosols in the Pacific Ocean.

Author

Wei, Ziran, Cochran, J. Kirk, Horowitz, Evan, Fitzgerald, Patrick, Heilbrun, Christina, Kadko, David, Stephens, Mark, Marsay, Chris M., Buck, Clifton S., and Landing, William M.

Subjects
SEA surface microlayer, TRACE elements, AEROSOLS, BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics), TROPOSPHERIC aerosols, OCEAN
Abstract

Deposition of aerosols to the surface ocean is an important factor affecting primary production in the surface ocean. However, the sources and fluxes of aerosols and associated trace elements remain poorly defined. Aerosol 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be data were collected on US GEOTRACES cruise GP15 (Pacific Meridional Transect, 152°W; 2018). 210Pb fluxes are low close to the Alaskan margin, increase to a maximum at ∼43°N, then decrease to lower values. There is good agreement between 210Pb fluxes and long‐term land‐based fluxes during the SEAREX program (1970–1980s), as well as between GP15 and GP16 (East Pacific Zonal Transect, 12°S; 2013) at adjacent stations. A normalized fraction f(7Be, 210Pb) is used to discern aerosols with upper (high f) versus lower (low f) troposphere sources. Alaskan/North Pacific aerosols show significant continental influence while equatorial/South Pacific aerosols are supplied to the marine boundary layer from the upper troposphere. Lithogenic trace elements Al and Ti show inverse correlations with f(7Be, 210Pb), supporting a continental boundary layer provenance while anthropogenic Pb shows no clear relationship with f(7Be, 210Pb). All but four samples have 210Po/210Pb activity ratios <0.2 suggesting short aerosol residence time. Among the four samples (210Po/210Pb = 0.42–0.88), two suggest an upper troposphere source and longer aerosol residence time while the remaining two cannot be explained by long aerosol residence time nor a significant component of dust. We hypothesize that enrichments of 210Po in them are linked to Po enrichments in the sea surface microlayer, possibly through Po speciation as a dissolved organic or dimethyl polonide species. Key Points: North Pacific aerosols are influenced by continental sources while South Pacific aerosols have upper troposphere sources7Be/210Pb shows that Al, Ti, and Fe have continental‐influenced lower troposphere sources; Pb has lower‐ and upper troposphere sourcesElevated aerosol 210Po/210Pb may indicate addition of Po from the sea surface as an organic Po or dimethyl polonide species [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Trace Element Biogeochemistry in the High‐Latitude North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Variations and Volcanic Inputs

Author

Achterberg, Eric P., primary, Steigenberger, Sebastian, additional, Klar, Jessica K., additional, Browning, Thomas J., additional, Marsay, Chris M., additional, Painter, Stuart C., additional, Vieira, Lúcia H., additional, Baker, Alex R., additional, Hamilton, Douglas S., additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, and Moore, C. Mark, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Iron biogeochemistry in the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean

Author

Achterberg, Eric P., Steigenberger, Sebastian, Marsay, Chris M., Le Moigne, Frédéric A.C., Painter, Stuart C., Baker, Alex R., Connelly, Douglas P., Moore, C. Mark, Tagliabue, Alessandro, Tanhua, Toste, Achterberg, Eric P., Steigenberger, Sebastian, Marsay, Chris M., Le Moigne, Frédéric A.C., Painter, Stuart C., Baker, Alex R., Connelly, Douglas P., Moore, C. Mark, Tagliabue, Alessandro, and Tanhua, Toste

Abstract

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine microbial organisms, and low supply controls productivity in large parts of the world’s ocean. The high latitude North Atlantic is seasonally Fe limited, but Fe distributions and source strengths are poorly constrained. Surface ocean dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations were low in the study region (<0.1 nM) in summer 2010, with significant perturbations during spring 2010 in the Iceland Basin as a result of an eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano (up to 2.5 nM DFe near Iceland) with biogeochemical consequences. Deep water concentrations in the vicinity of the Reykjanes Ridge system were influenced by pronounced sediment resuspension, with indications for additional inputs by hydrothermal vents, with subsequent lateral transport of Fe and manganese plumes of up to 250–300 km. Particulate Fe formed the dominant pool, as evidenced by 4–17 fold higher total dissolvable Fe compared with DFe concentrations, and a dynamic exchange between the fractions appeared to buffer deep water DFe. Here we show that Fe supply associated with deep winter mixing (up to 103 nmol m−2 d−1) was at least ca. 4–10 times higher than atmospheric deposition, diffusive fluxes at the base of the summer mixed layer, and horizontal surface ocean fluxes.

Published
2018

18. Particle flux in the oceans: Challenging the steady state assumption

Author

Giering, Sarah L.C., Sanders, Richard, Martin, Adrian P., Henson, Stephanie A., Riley, Jennifer, Marsay, Chris M., and Johns, David

Abstract

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are strongly controlled by the depth at which the organic matter that sinks out of the surface ocean is remineralized. This depth is generally estimated from particle flux profiles measured using sediment traps. Inherent in this analysis is a steady state assumption; that export from the surface does not significantly change in the time it takes material to reach the deepest trap. However, recent observations suggest that a significant fraction of material in the mesopelagic zone sinks slowly enough to bring this into doubt. We use data from a study in the North Atlantic during July/August 2009 to challenge the steady state assumption. An increase in biogenic silica flux with depth was observed which we interpret, based on vertical profiles of diatom taxonomy, as representing the remnants of the spring diatom bloom sinking slowly (

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Iron Biogeochemistry in the High Latitude North Atlantic Ocean

Author

Achterberg, Eric P., primary, Steigenberger, Sebastian, additional, Marsay, Chris M., additional, LeMoigne, Frédéric A. C., additional, Painter, Stuart C., additional, Baker, Alex R., additional, Connelly, Douglas P., additional, Moore, C. Mark, additional, Tagliabue, Alessandro, additional, and Tanhua, Toste, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Volcanic ash as an oceanic iron source and sink

Author

Rogan, Nicholas, Achterberg, Eric P., Le Moigne, Frederic A.C., Marsay, Chris M., Tagliabue, Alessandro, Williams, Richard G., Rogan, Nicholas, Achterberg, Eric P., Le Moigne, Frederic A.C., Marsay, Chris M., Tagliabue, Alessandro, and Williams, Richard G.

Abstract

Volcanic ash deposition to the ocean forms a natural source of iron (Fe) to surface water microbial communities. Inputs of lithogenic material may also facilitate Fe removal through scavenging. Combining dissolved Fe (dFe) and thorium-234 observations alongside modeling, we investigate scavenging of Fe in the North Atlantic following the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption. Under typical conditions biogenic particles dominate scavenging, whereas ash particles dominate during the eruption. The size of particles is important as smaller scavenging particles can become saturated with surface-associated ions. Model simulations indicate that ash deposition associated with Eyjafjallajökull likely led to net Fe removal. Our model suggests a threefold greater stimulation of biological activity if ash deposition had occurred later in the growing season when the region was Fe limited. The implications of ash particle scavenging, eruption timing, and particle saturation need to be considered when assessing the impact of ash deposition on the ocean Fe cycle and productivity.

Published
2016

26. Natural iron fertilization by the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption

Author

Achterberg, Eric P., Moore, C. Mark, Henson, Stephanie A., Steigenberger, Sebastian, Stohl, Andreas, Eckhardt, Sabine, Avendano, Lizeth C., Cassidy, Michael, Hembury, Debbie, Klar, Jessica K., Lucas, Michael I., Macey, Anna I., Marsay, Chris M., and Ryan-Keogh, Thomas J.

Subjects
humanities
Abstract

Aerosol deposition from the 2010 eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull resulted in significant dissolved iron (DFe) inputs to the Iceland Basin of the North Atlantic. Unique ship-board measurements indicated strongly enhanced DFe concentrations (up to 10?nM) immediately under the ash plume. Bioassay experiments performed with ash collected at sea under the plume also demonstrated the potential for associated Fe release to stimulate phytoplankton growth and nutrient drawdown. Combining Fe dissolution measurements with modeled ash deposition suggested that the eruption had the potential to increase DFe by >0.2?nM over an area of up to 570,000?km2. Although satellite ocean color data only indicated minor increases in phytoplankton abundance over a relatively constrained area, comparison of in situ nitrate concentrations with historical records suggested that ash deposition may have resulted in enhanced major nutrient drawdown. Our observations thus suggest that the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption resulted in a significant perturbation to the biogeochemistry of the Iceland Basin.

Published
2013

27. Distributions, sources, and transformations of dissolved and particulate iron on the Ross Sea continental shelf during summer.

Author

Marsay, Chris M., Barrett, Pamela M., McGillicuddy, Dennis J., and Sedwick, Peter N.

Abstract

We report water column dissolved iron (dFe) and particulate iron (pFe) concentrations from 50 stations sampled across the Ross Sea during austral summer (January-February) of 2012. Concentrations of dFe and pFe were measured in each of the major Ross Sea water masses, including the Ice Shelf Water and off-shelf Circumpolar Deep Water. Despite significant lateral variations in hydrography, macronutrient depletion, and primary productivity across several different regions on the continental shelf, dFe concentrations were consistently low (<0.1 nM) in surface waters, with only a handful of stations showing elevated concentrations (0.20-0.45 nM) in areas of melting sea ice and near the Franklin Island platform. Across the study region, pFe associated with suspended biogenic material approximately doubled the inventory of bioavailable iron in surface waters. Our data reveal that the majority of the summertime iron inventory in the Ross Sea resides in dense shelf waters, with highest concentrations within 50 m of the seafloor. Higher dFe concentrations near the seafloor are accompanied by an increased contribution to pFe from authigenic and/or scavenged iron. Particulate manganese is also influenced by sediment resuspension near the seafloor but, unlike pFe, is increasingly associated with authigenic material higher in the water column. Together, these results suggest that following depletion of the dFe derived from wintertime convective mixing and sea ice melt, recycling of pFe in the upper water column plays an important role in sustaining the summertime phytoplankton bloom in the Ross Sea polynya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Natural iron fertilization by the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption

Author

Achterberg, Eric P., primary, Moore, C. Mark, additional, Henson, Stephanie A., additional, Steigenberger, Sebastian, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Eckhardt, Sabine, additional, Avendano, Lizeth C., additional, Cassidy, Michael, additional, Hembury, Debbie, additional, Klar, Jessica K., additional, Lucas, Michael I., additional, Macey, Anna I., additional, Marsay, Chris M., additional, and Ryan‐Keogh, Thomas J., additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. 210Pb and 7Be as Coupled Flux and Source Tracers for Aerosols in the Pacific Ocean

Author

Wei, Ziran, Cochran, J. Kirk, Horowitz, Evan, Fitzgerald, Patrick, Heilbrun, Christina, Kadko, David, Stephens, Mark, Marsay, Chris M., Buck, Clifton S., and Landing, William M.

Abstract

Deposition of aerosols to the surface ocean is an important factor affecting primary production in the surface ocean. However, the sources and fluxes of aerosols and associated trace elements remain poorly defined. Aerosol 210Pb, 210Po, and 7Be data were collected on US GEOTRACES cruise GP15 (Pacific Meridional Transect, 152°W; 2018). 210Pb fluxes are low close to the Alaskan margin, increase to a maximum at ∼43°N, then decrease to lower values. There is good agreement between 210Pb fluxes and long‐term land‐based fluxes during the SEAREX program (1970–1980s), as well as between GP15 and GP16 (East Pacific Zonal Transect, 12°S; 2013) at adjacent stations. A normalized fraction f(7Be, 210Pb) is used to discern aerosols with upper (high f) versus lower (low f) troposphere sources. Alaskan/North Pacific aerosols show significant continental influence while equatorial/South Pacific aerosols are supplied to the marine boundary layer from the upper troposphere. Lithogenic trace elements Al and Ti show inverse correlations with f(7Be, 210Pb), supporting a continental boundary layer provenance while anthropogenic Pb shows no clear relationship with f(7Be, 210Pb). All but four samples have 210Po/210Pb activity ratios <0.2 suggesting short aerosol residence time. Among the four samples (210Po/210Pb = 0.42–0.88), two suggest an upper troposphere source and longer aerosol residence time while the remaining two cannot be explained by long aerosol residence time nor a significant component of dust. We hypothesize that enrichments of 210Po in them are linked to Po enrichments in the sea surface microlayer, possibly through Po speciation as a dissolved organic or dimethyl polonide species. North Pacific aerosols are influenced by continental sources while South Pacific aerosols have upper troposphere sources7Be/210Pb shows that Al, Ti, and Fe have continental‐influenced lower troposphere sources; Pb has lower‐ and upper troposphere sourcesElevated aerosol 210Po/210Pb may indicate addition of Po from the sea surface as an organic Po or dimethyl polonide species North Pacific aerosols are influenced by continental sources while South Pacific aerosols have upper troposphere sources 7Be/210Pb shows that Al, Ti, and Fe have continental‐influenced lower troposphere sources; Pb has lower‐ and upper troposphere sources Elevated aerosol 210Po/210Pb may indicate addition of Po from the sea surface as an organic Po or dimethyl polonide species

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Trace Element Biogeochemistry in the High‐Latitude North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Variations and Volcanic Inputs

Author

Achterberg, Eric P., Steigenberger, Sebastian, Klar, Jessica K., Browning, Thomas J., Marsay, Chris M., Painter, Stuart C., Vieira, Lúcia H., Baker, Alex R., Hamilton, Douglas S., Tanhua, Toste, and Moore, C. Mark

Subjects
13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, 15. Life on land
Abstract

We present dissolved and total dissolvable trace elements for spring and summer cruises in 2010 in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. Surface and full depth data are provided for Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the Iceland and Irminger Basins, and consequences of biological uptake and inputs by the spring Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption are assessed. Ash from Eyjafjallajökull resulted in pronounced increases in Al, Mn, and Zn in surface waters in close proximity to Iceland during the eruption, while 3 months later during the summer cruise levels had returned to more typical values for the region. The apparent seasonal removal ratios of surface trace elements were consistent with biological export. Assessment of supply of trace elements to the surface mixed layer for the region, excluding volcanic inputs, indicated that deep winter mixing was the dominant source, with diffusive mixing being a minor source (between 13.5% [dissolved Cd, DCd] and −2.43% [DZn] of deep winter flux), and atmospheric inputs being an important source only for DAl and DZn (DAl up to 42% and DZn up to 4.2% of deep winter + diffusive fluxes) and typically less than 1% for the other elements. Elemental supply ratios to the surface mixed layer through convection were comparable to apparent removal ratios we calculated between spring and summer. Given that deep mixing dominated nutrient and trace element supply to surface waters, predicted increases in water column stratification in this region may reduce supply, with potential consequences for primary production and the biological carbon pump., Key Points: Bio‐essential element concentrations in surface waters decreased from spring to summer with removal ratios reflecting biological uptake. Effects of volcanic inputs from Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010 were pronounced for Al, Mn, and Zn but returned to typical levels in summer. Deep winter convection dominated trace element supply to surface waters with minor contributions from atmospheric and diffusive mixing., GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153, Natural Environment Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270

31. Trace Element Biogeochemistry in the High‐Latitude North Atlantic Ocean: Seasonal Variations and Volcanic Inputs

Author

Sebastian Steigenberger, Eric P. Achterberg, Jessica K. Klar, Alex R. Baker, C. Mark Moore, Toste Tanhua, Douglas S. Hamilton, Thomas J. Browning, Chris M. Marsay, Stuart C. Painter, Lucia Helena Vieira, Steigenberger, Sebastian, 1 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton Southampton UK, Klar, Jessica K., 4 Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens (CEFREM), UMR 5110, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS Perpignan France, Browning, Thomas J., 2 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel Germany, Marsay, Chris M., 5 Skidaway Institute of Oceanography University of Georgia Savannah GA USA, Painter, Stuart C., 3 National Oceanography Centre Southampton UK, Vieira, Lúcia H., Baker, Alex R., 6 School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK, Hamilton, Douglas S., 7 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA, Tanhua, Toste, and Moore, C. Mark

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography, 551.9, geography.geographical_feature_category, Vulcanian eruption, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trace element, Biogeochemistry, Stratification (water), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Flux (metallurgy), Volcano, 13. Climate action, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

We present dissolved and total dissolvable trace elements for spring and summer cruises in 2010 in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. Surface and full depth data are provided for Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the Iceland and Irminger Basins, and consequences of biological uptake and inputs by the spring Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption are assessed. Ash from Eyjafjallajökull resulted in pronounced increases in Al, Mn, and Zn in surface waters in close proximity to Iceland during the eruption, while 3 months later during the summer cruise levels had returned to more typical values for the region. The apparent seasonal removal ratios of surface trace elements were consistent with biological export. Assessment of supply of trace elements to the surface mixed layer for the region, excluding volcanic inputs, indicated that deep winter mixing was the dominant source, with diffusive mixing being a minor source (between 13.5% [dissolved Cd, DCd] and −2.43% [DZn] of deep winter flux), and atmospheric inputs being an important source only for DAl and DZn (DAl up to 42% and DZn up to 4.2% of deep winter + diffusive fluxes) and typically less than 1% for the other elements. Elemental supply ratios to the surface mixed layer through convection were comparable to apparent removal ratios we calculated between spring and summer. Given that deep mixing dominated nutrient and trace element supply to surface waters, predicted increases in water column stratification in this region may reduce supply, with potential consequences for primary production and the biological carbon pump., Key Points: Bio‐essential element concentrations in surface waters decreased from spring to summer with removal ratios reflecting biological uptake. Effects of volcanic inputs from Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010 were pronounced for Al, Mn, and Zn but returned to typical levels in summer. Deep winter convection dominated trace element supply to surface waters with minor contributions from atmospheric and diffusive mixing., GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153, Natural Environment Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results