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1. Inclusive Approaches for Measuring Demographics of Underrepresented Populations in STEM and Biomedical Research Training Programs

Author

Stephanie E. Paris, Alexis Dinno, Mollie C. Marr, Aaron Raz Link, Brandy L. Lentz, Angie Setthavongsack, Shanthia N. Espinosa, Gwen Shusterman, Jerian Abel, Kristen M. K. Harrison, James Hook, Teala W. Alvord, Dawn M. Richardson, Kieran Chase, and Lisa K. Marriott

Abstract

As federal strategic plans prioritize increasing diversity within the biomedical workforce, and STEM training and outreach programs seek to recruit and retain students from historically underrepresented populations, there is a need for interrogation of traditional demographic descriptors and careful consideration of best practices for obtaining demographic data. To accelerate this work, equity-focused researchers and leaders from STEM programs convened to examine approaches for measuring demographic variables. Gender, race/ethnicity, disability, and disadvantaged background were prioritized given their focus by federal funding agencies. Categories of sex minority, sexual (orientation) minority, and gender minority (SSGM) should be included in demographic measures collected by STEM programs, consistent with recommendations from White House Executive Orders and federal reports. Our manuscript offers operationalized phrasing for demographic questions and recommendations for use across student-serving programs. Inclusive demographics permit the identification of individuals who are being excluded, marginalized, or improperly aggregated, increasing capacity to address inequities in biomedical research training. As trainees do not enter training programs with equal access, accommodations, or preparation, inclusive demographic measures can welcome trainees and inform a nuanced set of program outcomes that facilitate research on intersectionality to support the recruitment and retention of underrepresented students in biomedical research.

Published
2024

2. Guitar Pickups I: Analysis of the Effect of Winding and Wire Gauge on Single Coil Electric Guitar Pickups

Author

Batchelor, Charles, Gooding, Jack, Marriott, William, Chalashkanov, Nikola, Tucker, Nick, and Margetts, Rebecca

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

Guitar Pickups have been in production for nearly 100 years, and the question of how exactly one pickup is tonally superior to another is still subject to a high level of debate. This paper is the first in a set demystifying the production of guitar pickups and introducing a level of scientific procedure to the conversation. Previous studies have analysed commercial off-the-shelf pickups, but these differ from each other in multiple ways. The novelty of this study is that dedicated experimental pickups were created, which vary only one parameter at a time in order to allow scientific study. The most fundamental qualities of a single-coil pickup are investigated: in this paper, number of turns and gauge of wire. A set of single-coil stratocaster-style pickups were created, with the number of turns of wire varied across the commercially available range (5000-12000 turns), and this was done for two widely used wire gauges (42 and 44 AWG). A frequency response analyser was used to obtain impedance across a frequency range. It is shown that resonant frequency decreases exponentially with number of turns, while the magnitude of the resonant peak increases linearly with number of turns. The wire gauge used has a significant impact on both parameters, with the thicker wire giving higher resonant frequencies and higher magnitudes than the thinner wire for the same number of turns. These impact the sound associated with the pickup: the resonant frequency is linked to the perceived tone of the pickup, and the magnitude to the output amplitude and hence 'gain.' Increasing the number of turns will give a higher output pickup with a darker tone, and thicker wire gives louder outputs and brighter tones - consistent with what can be observed in commercial pickups., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, to be submitted to Journal AES

Published
2024

3. Introducing the Large Medical Model: State of the art healthcare cost and risk prediction with transformers trained on patient event sequences

Author

Sahu, Ricky, Marriott, Eric, Siegel, Ethan, Wagner, David, Uzan, Flore, Yang, Troy, and Javed, Asim

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Machine Learning, I.2.1, K.4.1, K.4.3, J.1, J.3
Abstract

With U.S. healthcare spending approaching $5T (NHE Fact Sheet 2024), and 25% of it estimated to be wasteful (Waste in the US the health care system: estimated costs and potential for savings, n.d.), the need to better predict risk and optimal patient care is evermore important. This paper introduces the Large Medical Model (LMM), a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) designed to guide and predict the broad facets of patient care and healthcare administration. The model is trained on medical event sequences from over 140M longitudinal patient claims records with a specialized vocabulary built from medical terminology systems and demonstrates a superior capability to forecast healthcare costs and identify potential risk factors. Through experimentation and validation, we showcase the LMM's proficiency in not only in cost and risk predictions, but also in discerning intricate patterns within complex medical conditions and an ability to identify novel relationships in patient care. The LMM is able to improve both cost prediction by 14.1% over the best commercial models and chronic conditions prediction by 1.9% over the best transformer models in research predicting a broad set of conditions. The LMM is a substantial advancement in healthcare analytics, offering the potential to significantly enhance risk assessment, cost management, and personalized medicine., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

4. Exploring cosmological gravitational wave backgrounds through the synergy of LISA and ET

Author

Marriott-Best, Alisha, Chowdhury, Debika, Ghoshal, Anish, and Tasinato, Gianmassimo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The gravitational wave (GW) interferometers LISA and ET are expected to be functional in the next decade(s), possibly around the same time. They will operate over different frequency ranges, with similar integrated sensitivities to the amplitude of a stochastic GW background (SGWB). We investigate the synergies between these two detectors, in terms of a multi-band detection of a cosmological SGWB characterised by a large amplitude, and a broad frequency spectrum. By investigating various examples of SGWBs, such as those arising from cosmological phase transition, cosmic string, primordial inflation, we show that LISA and ET operating together will have the opportunity to assess more effectively the characteristics of the GW spectrum produced by the same cosmological source, but at separate frequency scales. Moreover, the two experiments in tandem can be sensitive to features of early universe cosmic expansion before big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), which affects the SGWB frequency profile, and which would not be possible to detect otherwise, since two different frequency ranges correspond to two different pre-BBN (or post-inflationary) epochs. Besides considering the GW spectrum, we additionally undertake a preliminary study of the sensitivity of LISA and ET to soft limits of higher order tensor correlation functions. Given that these experiments operate at different frequency bands, their synergy constitutes an ideal direct probe of squeezed limits of higher order GW correlators, which can not be measured operating with a single instrument only., Comment: 44 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

5. When Refreshable Tactile Displays Meet Conversational Agents: Investigating Accessible Data Presentation and Analysis with Touch and Speech

Author

Reinders, Samuel, Butler, Matthew, Zukerman, Ingrid, Lee, Bongshin, Qu, Lizhen, and Marriott, Kim

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Despite the recent surge of research efforts to make data visualizations accessible to people who are blind or have low vision (BLV), how to support BLV people's data analysis remains an important and challenging question. As refreshable tactile displays (RTDs) become cheaper and conversational agents continue to improve, their combination provides a promising approach to support BLV people's interactive data exploration and analysis. To understand how BLV people would use and react to a system combining an RTD with a conversational agent, we conducted a Wizard-of-Oz study with 11 BLV participants, where they interacted with line charts, bar charts, and isarithmic maps. Our analysis of participants' interactions led to the identification of nine distinct patterns. We also learned that the choice of modalities depended on the type of task and prior experience with tactile graphics, and that participants strongly preferred the combination of RTD and speech to a single modality. In addition, participants with more tactile experience described how tactile images facilitated a deeper engagement with the data and supported independent interpretation. Our findings will inform the design of interfaces for such interactive mixed-modality systems., Comment: Accepted to be presented at IEEE VIS 2024 (Honorable Mention Award) and published in IEEE TVCG

Published
2024

6. Koolangka Infant Life Saving: Culturally Responsive Infant CPR Education for Aboriginal Australian Parents

Author

Nakita Stephens, Caroline Nilson, Roz Walker, and Rhonda Marriott

Abstract

Objectives: Among Aboriginal children, the year between birth and 1 year of age has the highest mortality rate compared with any other age. Prompt administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) leads to better outcomes and a lower likelihood of ongoing sequalae. Current education on infant CPR is not provided to parents except in certain circumstances in a neonatal intensive care unit. Currently, there are no identified CPR education courses specifically available for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people, meaning that current infant CPR education courses are not culturally responsive. Design: Partnering with an Aboriginal community from the Bindjareb region of the Western Australian Noongar nation, the researchers used a co-design approach and an Aboriginal Participatory Action Research (APAR) design to explore how to deliver culturally safe and responsive infant CPR community education. This resulted in the development of the Koolangka Infant Life Saving Education Framework (KILSEF), which can be used to guide future planning and delivery of culturally safe and responsive community level infant CPR education. Results: The study findings identified that members of the Aboriginal community were very interested in receiving infant CPR education, but the barriers identified from mainstream CPR course delivery need to be removed for the community to benefit from culturally responsive ways of learning. Culturally responsive community CPR education should be provided in culturally safe places and the focus of learning should be on the practical applications of CPR and less on the academic pre-reading and written requirements. Explanations should be provided in lay terms and patience is required to communicate ideas in ways that facilitate understanding, and the course may need to be delivered over several days to accommodate community participant availability. Conclusion: Addressing Aboriginal community concerns and barriers allowed for the implementation of culturally responsive infant resuscitation education which was highly valued by community members and led to increased community confidence and participation in CPR education.

Published
2024
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7. TactIcons: Designing 3D Printed Map Icons for People who are Blind or have Low Vision

Author

Holloway, Leona, Butler, Matthew, and Marriott, Kim

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Visual icons provide immediate recognition of features on print maps but do not translate well for touch reading by people who are blind or have low vision due to the low fidelity of tactile perception. We explored 3D printed icons as an equivalent to visual icons for tactile maps addressing these problems. We designed over 200 tactile icons (TactIcons) for street and park maps. These were touch tested by blind and sighted people, resulting in a corpus of 33 icons that can be recognised instantly and a further 34 icons that are easily learned. Importantly, this work has informed the creation of detailed guidelines for the design of TactIcons and a practical methodology for touch testing new TactIcons. It is hoped that this work will contribute to the creation of more inclusive, user-friendly tactile maps for people who are blind or have low vision., Comment: Published in Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23), April 23-28, 2023, Hamburg, Germany. ACM, New York, NY, USA

Published
2024
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9. Mental Health Provider Reach and Engagement in a Countywide Training Initiative

Author

Brigid R. Marriott, Jack H. Andrews, Evelyn Cho, Siena K. Tugendrajch, and Kristin M. Hawley

Abstract

Many training initiatives are underway to increase implementation of evidence-based practice (EBPs) in mental healthcare. However, little is known about what types of trainings and supports yield the highest reach and engagement. Supported by a tax-funded, countywide initiative to improve access to quality care for youths, the current mixed methods study evaluates mental health (MH) provider reach, or registering for the training initiative, and engagement, or participation in training activities, for several EBP training and implementation supports. MH providers were offered free 1) formal EBP workshops; 2) a biweekly learning community; 3) individual case consultation; and 4) confidential online clinical feedback system. To register, interested providers (N = 698) completed a web-based assessment measuring clinical practice information, organizational implementation climate, and EBP knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Thirteen providers, selected via purposeful sampling stratified by level of participation, completed semi-structured qualitative interviews. While the training initiative achieved high reach (66% of county agencies had a provider register), far fewer providers engaged substantially in training. Quantitative results indicated that providers whose professional discipline was not psychology, had higher baseline EBP knowledge, more extensive use of common evidence-based strategies, and less extensive use of other therapy strategies, engaged in more training. Rapid qualitative analysis of interviews expanded upon these findings and illuminated provider, organizational, system, practical, and training activity-specific barriers and facilitators to engagement. Findings suggest the importance of identifying strategies for improving provider engagement in training activities beyond workshops. Implications for future research and training initiatives are discussed.

Published
2024
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10. Refreshable Tactile Displays for Accessible Data Visualisation

Author

Holloway, Leona, Cracknell, Peter, Stephens, Kate, Fanshawe, Melissa, Reinders, Samuel, Marriott, Kim, and Butler, Matthew

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Refreshable tactile displays (RTDs) are predicted to soon become a viable option for the provision of accessible graphics for people who are blind or have low vision (BLV). This new technology for the tactile display of braille and graphics, usually using raised pins, makes it easier to generate and access a large number of graphics. However, it differs from existing tactile graphics in terms of scale, height and fidelity. Here, we share the perspectives of four key stakeholders -- blind touch readers, vision specialist teachers, accessible format producers and assistive technology providers -- to explore the potential uses, advantages and needs relating to the introduction of RTDs. We also provide advice on what role the data visualisation community can take to help ensure that people who are BLV are best able to benefit from the introduction of affordable RTDs., Comment: Poster presented at IEEE VIS 2023 (Best Poster Honorable Mentions)

Published
2024

13. Local behavior of critical points of isotropic Gaussian random fields

Author

Marriott, Paul, Qi, Weinan, and Shen, Yi

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, 60G60(primary) 60G70(secondary)
Abstract

In this paper we examine isotropic Gaussian random fields defined on $\mathbb R^N$ satisfying certain conditions. Specifically, we investigate the type of a critical point situated within a small vicinity of another critical point, with both points surpassing a given threshold. It is shown that the Hessian of the random field at such a critical point is equally likely to have a positive or negative determinant. Furthermore, as the threshold tends to infinity, almost all the critical points above the threshold are local maxima and the saddle points with index $N-1$. Consequently, we conclude that the closely paired critical points above a high threshold must comprise one local maximum and one saddle point with index $N-1$., Comment: 49 pages, 1 figure

Published
2023

14. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Adaptive Cyber Defense

Author

Carvalho, Marco, Marriott, Damian, Bilinski, Mark, and Ridley, Ahmad

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The 2nd International Workshop on Adaptive Cyber Defense was held at the Florida Institute of Technology, Florida. This workshop was organized to share research that explores unique applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) as foundational capabilities for the pursuit of adaptive cyber defense. The cyber domain cannot currently be reliably and effectively defended without extensive reliance on human experts. Skilled cyber defenders are in short supply and often cannot respond fast enough to cyber threats. Building on recent advances in AI and ML the Cyber defense research community has been motivated to develop new dynamic and sustainable defenses through the adoption of AI and ML techniques to cyber settings. Bridging critical gaps between AI and Cyber researchers and practitioners can accelerate efforts to create semi-autonomous cyber defenses that can learn to recognize and respond to cyber attacks or discover and mitigate weaknesses in cooperation with other cyber operation systems and human experts. Furthermore, these defenses are expected to be adaptive and able to evolve over time to thwart changes in attacker behavior, changes in the system health and readiness, and natural shifts in user behavior over time. The workshop was comprised of invited keynote talks, technical presentations and a panel discussion about how AI/ML can enable autonomous mitigation of current and future cyber attacks. Workshop submissions were peer reviewed by a panel of domain experts with a proceedings consisting of six technical articles exploring challenging problems of critical importance to national and global security. Participation in this workshop offered new opportunities to stimulate research and innovation in the emerging domain of adaptive and autonomous cyber defense.

Published
2023

15. Farmer‐led badger vaccination in Cornwall: Epidemiological patterns and social perspectives

Author

Rosie Woodroffe, Kelly Astley, Rose Barnecut, Peter N. M. Brotherton, Christl A. Donnelly, Henry M. J. Grub, Cally Ham, Caroline Howe, Chris Jones, Cheryl Marriott, Verity Miles, Marcus Rowcliffe, Tom Shelley, and Keith Truscott

Subjects
badger, bovine tuberculosis, cattle, mixed methods, Mycobacterium bovis, vaccine, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, GF1-900, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract In the United Kingdom, the management of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) challenges the coexistence of people and wildlife. Control of this cattle disease is hindered by transmission of its causative agent, Mycobacterium bovis, between cattle and badgers Meles meles. Badger culling has formed an element of bTB control policy for decades, but current government policy envisions expanding badger vaccination. Farming leaders are sceptical, citing concerns that badger vaccination would be impractical and potentially ineffective. We report on a 4‐year badger vaccination initiative in an 11 km2 area which, atypically, was initiated by local farmers, delivered by scientists and conservationists, and co‐funded by all three. Participating landholders cited controversies around culling and a desire to support neighbours as their primary reasons for adopting vaccination. The number of badgers vaccinated per km2 (5.6 km−2 in 2019) exceeded the number culled on nearby land (2.9 km−2 in 2019), and the estimated proportion vaccinated (74%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 40%–137%) exceeded the 30% threshold predicted by models to be necessary to control M. bovis. Farmers were content with how vaccination was delivered, and felt that it built trust with wildlife professionals. The percentage of badgers testing positive for M. bovis declined from 16.0% (95% CI 4.5%–36.1%) at the start of vaccination to 0% (95% CI 0%–9.7%) in the final year. With neither replication nor unvaccinated controls, this small‐scale case study does not demonstrate a causal link between badger vaccination and bTB epidemiology, but it does suggest that larger‐scale evaluation of badger vaccination would be warranted. Farmers reported that their enthusiasm for badger vaccination had increased after participating for 4 years. They considered vaccination to have been effective, and good value for money, and wished to continue with it. Synthesis and applications: Although small‐scale, this case study suggests that badger vaccination can be a technically effective and socially acceptable component of bTB control. A wider rollout of badger vaccination is more likely if it is led by the farming community, rather than by conservationists or government, and is combined with scientific monitoring. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Published
2024
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16. The aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial maternal infections in Sub-Saharan Africa—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Chikondi Chapuma, Hussein H. Twabi, Edward J. M. Monk, James Jafali, Andrew Weeks, Emily Beales, David Kulapani, Apatsa Selemani, Marriott Nliwasa, Luis Gadama, Tony Nyirenda, Chisomo Msefula, Catherine Dunlop, Samantha Lissauer, Nicholas Feasey, Charlotte Van der Veer, and David Lissauer

Subjects
Maternal infections, Bacterial, Aetiology, Antimicrobial resistance, Sub-Saharan Africa, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Understanding the aetiological organisms causing maternal infections is crucial to inform antibiotic treatment guidelines, but such data are scarce from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to address this gap. Methods Microbiologically confirmed maternal infection data were collected from PubMed, Embase, and African Journals online databases. The search strategy combined terms related to bacterial infection, pregnancy, postnatal period, observational studies, SSA. Exclusion criteria included colonization, asymptomatic infection, and screening studies. Pooled proportions for bacterial isolates and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were calculated. Quality and completeness of reporting were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa and STROBE checklists. Findings We included 14 papers comprising data from 2,575 women from four sources (blood, urine, surgical wound and endocervical). Mixed-growth was commonly reported at 17% (95% CI: 12%-23%), E. coli from 11%(CI:10%-12%), S. aureus from 5%(CI: 5%-6%), Klebsiella spp. at 5%(CI: 4%- 5%) and Streptococcus spp. at 2%(CI: 1%-2%). We observed intra-sample and inter-sample heterogeneity between 88–92% in all meta-analyses. AMR rates were between 19% -77%, the highest with first-line beta-lactam antibiotics. Convenience sampling, and limited reporting of laboratory techniques were areas of concern. Interpretation We provide a comprehensive summary of microbial aetiology of maternal infections in SSA and demonstrate the paucity of data available for this region. We flag the need to review the current local and international empirical treatment guidelines for maternal bacterial infections in SSA because there is high prevalence of AMR among common causative bacteria. Funding This research was supported by the NIHR-Professorship/NIHR300808 and the Wellcome-Strategic-award /206545/Z/17/Z. Trial registration Prospero ID CRD42021238515.

Published
2024
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17. Stellate cells are in utero markers of pancreatic disease in cystic fibrosis

Author

Shih-Hsing Leir, Svyatoslav Tkachenko, Alekh Paranjapye, Frederick Meckler, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Jenny L. Kerschner, Elizabeth Kuznetsov, Makayla Schacht, Pulak Gillurkar, Misha Regouski, Iuri Viotti Perisse, Cheyenne M. Marriott, Ying Liu, Ian Bunderson, Kenneth L. White, Irina A. Polejaeva, and Ann Harris

Subjects
Pancreatic disease, Cystic fibrosis (CF), CFTR, In utero development, Stellate cells, Single-cell RNA-seq, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Abstract Background Pancreatic fibrosis is an early diagnostic feature of the common inherited disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). Many people with CF (pwCF) are pancreatic insufficient from birth and the replacement of acinar tissue with cystic lesions and fibrosis is a progressive phenotype that may later lead to diabetes. Little is known about the initiating events in the fibrotic process though it may be a sequela of inflammation in the pancreatic ducts resulting from loss of CFTR impairing normal fluid secretion. Here we use a sheep model of CF (CFTR −/− ) to examine the evolution of pancreatic disease through gestation. Methods Fetal pancreas was collected at six time points from 50-days of gestation through to term, which is equivalent to ~ 13 weeks to term in human. RNA was extracted from tissue for bulk RNA-seq and single cells were prepared from 80-day, 120-day and term samples for scRNA-seq. Data were validated by immunochemistry. Results Transcriptomic evidence from bulk RNA-seq showed alterations in the CFTR −/− pancreas by 65-days of gestation, which are accompanied by marked pathological changes by 80-days of gestation. These include a fibrotic response, confirmed by immunostaining for COL1A1, αSMA and SPARC, together with acinar loss. Moreover, using scRNA-seq we identify a unique cell population that is significantly overrepresented in the CFTR −/− animals at 80- and 120-days gestation, as are stellate cells at term. Conclusion The transcriptomic changes and cellular imbalance that we observe likely have pivotal roles in the evolution of CF pancreatic disease and may provide therapeutic opportunities to delay or prevent pancreatic destruction in CF.

Published
2024
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18. Knight Scholars Program: A Tiered Three-Year Mentored Training Program for Urban and Rural High School High School Students Increases Interest and Self-Efficacy in Interprofessional Cancer Research

Author

Marriott, L. K., Shugerman, S. R., Chavez, A., Daniel, L. Crocker, Martinez, A., Zebroski, D. J., Mishalanie, S., Zell, A., Dest, A., Pozhidayeva, D., Wenzel, E. S., Omotoy, H. L., Druker, B. J., and Shannon, J.

Abstract

Cancer research training programs build our future biomedical workforce. Training is often centered for students residing close to research institutions, making access more challenging for rural students. A cancer research training program was developed for high school students residing in five geographical regions across Oregon. Training was tiered in duration and intensity across the three years, including a one-week Introduction program and subsequent 10-week summer research training programs (Immersion and Intensive). A total of 60 students participated in in-person and/or virtual training, with Immersion students receiving mentored shadowing experiences in clinical care, public health, and outreach in their home communities. Laboratory rotations at a research-intensive institution enabled students to sample research environments before selecting an area of interest for Intensive training the following summer. Aligning with Self-Determination Theory, the Knight Scholars Program aims to build competence, relatedness, and autonomy of its trainees in biomedical sciences. The program exposed students to a wide range of interprofessional careers and collaborative teams, enabling scholars to envision themselves in various paths. Results show strong gains in interest and research self-efficacy for both Introduction and Immersion scholars, with findings highlighting the importance of representation within mentoring and training efforts.

Published
2022

19. Moving House: How Much Choice Do People with Learning Disabilities Have about Where They Live?

Author

Lauren Blood, Francesca Ribenfors, Chris Hatton, and Anna Marriott

Abstract

Background: People with learning disabilities have the right to choose where they live. However, evidence suggests people's choices are limited due to a shortage of housing. Methods: 200 Lives was a mixed methods research project, which evaluated supported living and residential care for people with learning disabilities in England; 107 people with learning disabilities took part, 77 from supported living and 30 from residential care. Findings: Two-thirds of people in supported living compared to half of those in residential care chose the place they were currently living in; however, less than half of all participants looked at another property before moving to their current house. People in supported living were significantly more likely to have chosen who they lived with. Reasons for moving mainly consisted of reactive moves following an issue with the previous living situation. Many people had not considered moving in the future. Conclusion: Findings suggest that people's choices about where to live were constrained regarding the properties on offer and who to live with. This suggests that people's housing rights were not being upheld. Support and housing providers should ensure that housing can adapt to people's changing needs and wishes over the course of their lives.

Published
2024
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20. Designing Conversational Multimodal 3D Printed Models with People who are Blind

Author

Reinders, Samuel, Ananthanarayan, Swamy, Butler, Matthew, and Marriott, Kim

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

3D printed models have been used to improve access to graphical information by people who are blind, offering benefits over conventional accessible graphics. Here we investigate an interactive 3D printed model (I3M) that combines a conversational interface with haptic vibration and touch to provide more natural and accessible experiences. Specifically, we co-designed a multimodal model of the Solar System with nine blind people and evaluated the prototype with another seven blind participants. We discuss our journey from a design perspective, focusing on touch, conversational and multimodal interactions. Based on our experience, we suggest design recommendations that consider blind users' desire for independence and control, customisation, comfort and use of prior experience, Comment: To appear in ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '23), July 10-14, 2023, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Published
2023
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22. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19

Author

Jannik Boos, Caspar I. van der Made, Gayatri Ramakrishnan, Eamon Coughlan, Rosanna Asselta, Britt-Sabina Löscher, Luca V.C. Valenti, Rafael de Cid, Luis Bujanda, Antonio Julià, Erola Pairo-Castineira, J. Kenneth Baillie, Sandra May, Berina Zametica, Julia Heggemann, Agustín Albillos, Jesus M. Banales, Jordi Barretina, Natalia Blay, Paolo Bonfanti, Maria Buti, Javier Fernandez, Sara Marsal, Daniele Prati, Luisa Ronzoni, Nicoletta Sacchi, Joachim L. Schultze, Olaf Riess, Andre Franke, Konrad Rawlik, David Ellinghaus, Alexander Hoischen, Axel Schmidt, Kerstin U. Ludwig, Valeria Rimoldi, Elvezia M. Paraboschi, Alessandra Bandera, Flora Peyvandi, Giacomo Grasselli, Francesco Blasi, Francesco Malvestiti, Serena Pelusi, Cristiana Bianco, Lorenzo Miano, Angela Lombardi, Pietro Invernizzi, Alessio Gerussi, Giuseppe Citerio, Andrea Biondi, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Giuseppe Foti, Ilaria Beretta, Mariella D'Angiò, Laura Rachele Bettini, Xavier Farré, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Manolis Kogevinas, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Beatriz Nafria, Mauro D'Amato, Adriana Palom, Colin Begg, Sara Clohisey, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Julian Knight, Lowell Ling, David Maslove, Danny McAuley, Johnny Millar, Hugh Montgomery, Alistair Nichol, Peter J.M. Openshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Chris P. Ponting, Kathy Rowan, Malcolm G. Semple, Manu Shankar-Hari, Charlotte Summers, Timothy Walsh, Latha Aravindan, Ruth Armstrong, Heather Biggs, Ceilia Boz, Adam Brown, Richard Clark, Audrey Coutts, Judy Coyle, Louise Cullum, Sukamal Das, Nicky Day, Lorna Donnelly, Esther Duncan, Angie Fawkes, Paul Fineran, Max Head Fourman, Anita Furlong, James Furniss, Bernadette Gallagher, Tammy Gilchrist, Ailsa Golightly, Fiona Griffiths, Katarzyna Hafezi, Debbie Hamilton, Ross Hendry, Andy Law, Dawn Law, Rachel Law, Sarah Law, Rebecca Lidstone-Scott, Louise Macgillivray, Alan Maclean, Hanning Mal, Sarah McCafferty, Ellie Mcmaster, Jen Meikle, Shona C. Moore, Kirstie Morrice, Lee Murphy, Sheena Murphy, Mybaya Hellen, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Chenqing Zheng, Jiantao Chen, Nick Parkinson, Trevor Paterson, Katherine Schon, Andrew Stenhouse, Mihaela Das, Maaike Swets, Helen Szoor-McElhinney, Filip Taneski, Lance Turtle, Tony Wackett, Mairi Ward, Jane Weaver, Nicola Wrobel, Marie Zechner, Gill Arbane, Aneta Bociek, Sara Campos, Neus Grau, Tim Owen Jones, Rosario Lim, Martina Marotti, Marlies Ostermann, Christopher Whitton, Zoe Alldis, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Fatima Bibi, Jack Biddle, Sarah Blow, Matthew Bolton, Catherine Borra, Ruth Bowles, Maudrian Burton, Yasmin Choudhury, David Collier, Amber Cox, Amy Easthope, Patrizia Ebano, Stavros Fotiadis, Jana Gurasashvili, Rosslyn Halls, Pippa Hartridge, Delordson Kallon, Jamila Kassam, Ivone Lancoma-Malcolm, Maninderpal Matharu, Peter May, Oliver Mitchelmore, Tabitha Newman, Mital Patel, Jane Pheby, Irene Pinzuti, Zoe Prime, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Julian Shiel, Melanie Taylor, Carey Tierney, Suzanne Wood, Anne Zak, Olivier Zongo, Stephen Bonner, Keith Hugill, Jessica Jones, Steven Liggett, Evie Headlam, Nageswar Bandla, Minnie Gellamucho, Michelle Davies, Christopher Thompson, Marwa Abdelrazik, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Munzir Elhassan, Arunkumar Ganesan, Anne Haldeos, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Dharam Purohit, Rachel Vincent, Kugan Xavier, Kumar Rohit, Frater Alasdair, Malik Saleem, Carter David, Jenkins Samuel, Zoe Lamond, Wall Alanna, Jaime Fernandez-Roman, David O. Hamilton, Emily Johnson, Brian Johnston, Maria Lopez Martinez, Suleman Mulla, David Shaw, Alicia A.C. Waite, Victoria Waugh, Ingeborg D. Welters, Karen Williams, Anna Cavazza, Maeve Cockrell, Eleanor Corcoran, Maria Depante, Clare Finney, Ellen Jerome, Mark McPhail, Monalisa Nayak, Harriet Noble, Kevin O'Reilly, Evita Pappa, Rohit Saha, Sian Saha, John Smith, Abigail Knighton, David Antcliffe, Dorota Banach, Stephen Brett, Phoebe Coghlan, Ziortza Fernandez, Anthony Gordon, Roceld Rojo, Sonia Sousa Arias, Maie Templeton, Megan Meredith, Lucy Morris, Lucy Ryan, Amy Clark, Julia Sampson, Cecilia Peters, Martin Dent, Margaret Langley, Saima Ashraf, Shuying Wei, Angela Andrew, Archana Bashyal, Neil Davidson, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Jean Wilson, David Baptista, Rebecca Crowe, Rita Fernandes, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Anna Joseph, Denise O'Connor, Meryem Allen, Adam Loveridge, India McKenley, Eriko Morino, Andres Naranjo, Richard Simms, Kathryn Sollesta, Andrew Swain, Harish Venkatesh, Jacyntha Khera, Jonathan Fox, Gillian Andrew, Lucy Barclay, Marie Callaghan, Rachael Campbell, Sarah Clark, Dave Hope, Lucy Marshall, Corrienne McCulloch, Kate Briton, Jo Singleton, Sohphie Birch, Lutece Brimfield, Zoe Daly, David Pogson, Steve Rose, Ceri Battle, Elaine Brinkworth, Rachel Harford, Carl Murphy, Luke Newey, Tabitha Rees, Marie Williams, Sophie Arnold, Petra Polgarova, Katerina Stroud, Eoghan Meaney, Megan Jones, Anthony Ng, Shruti Agrawal, Nazima Pathan, Deborah White, Esther Daubney, Kay Elston, Lina Grauslyte, Musarat Hussain, Mandeep Phull, Tatiana Pogreban, Lace Rosaroso, Erika Salciute, George Franke, Joanna Wong, Aparna George, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Emily Peasgood, Claire Phillips, Michelle Bates, Jo Dasgin, Jaspret Gill, Annette Nilsson, James Scriven, Carlos Castro Delgado, Deborah Dawson, Lijun Ding, Georgia Durrant, Obiageri Ezeobu, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Abiola Harrison, Rebecca Kanu, Susannah Leaver, Elena Maccacari, Soumendu Manna, Romina Pepermans Saluzzio, Joana Queiroz, Tinashe Samakomva, Christine Sicat, Joana Texeira, Edna Fernandes Da Gloria, Ana Lisboa, John Rawlins, Jisha Mathew, Ashley Kinch, William James Hurt, Nirav Shah, Victoria Clark, Maria Thanasi, Nikki Yun, Kamal Patel, Sara Bennett, Emma Goodwin, Matthew Jackson, Alissa Kent, Clare Tibke, Wiesia Woodyatt, Ahmed Zaki, Azmerelda Abraheem, Peter Bamford, Kathryn Cawley, Charlie Dunmore, Maria Faulkner, Rumanah Girach, Helen Jeffrey, Rhianna Jones, Emily London, Imrun Nagra, Farah Nasir, Hannah Sainsbury, Clare Smedley, Tahera Patel, Matthew Smith, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Aayesha Kazi, Janice Hartley, Joseph Dykes, Muhammad Hijazi, Sarah Keith, Meherunnisa Khan, Janet Ryan-Smith, Philippa Springle, Jacqueline Thomas, Nick Truman, Samuel Saad, Dabheoc Coleman, Christopher Fine, Roseanna Matt, Bethan Gay, Jack Dalziel, Syamlan Ali, Drew Goodchild, Rhiannan Harling, Ravi Bhatterjee, Wendy Goddard, Chloe Davison, Stephen Duberly, Jeanette Hargreaves, Rachel Bolton, Miriam Davey, David Golden, Rebecca Seaman, Shiney Cherian, Sean Cutler, Anne Emma Heron, Anna Roynon-Reed, Tamas Szakmany, Gemma Williams, Owen Richards, Yusuf Cheema, Hollie Brooke, Sarah Buckley, Jose Cebrian Suarez, Ruth Charlesworth, Karen Hansson, John Norris, Alice Poole, Alastair Rose, Rajdeep Sandhu, Brendan Sloan, Elizabeth Smithson, Muthu Thirumaran, Veronica Wagstaff, Alexandra Metcalfe, Mark Brunton, Jess Caterson, Holly Coles, Matthew Frise, Sabi Gurung Rai, Nicola Jacques, Liza Keating, Emma Tilney, Shauna Bartley, Parminder Bhuie, Sian Gibson, Amanda Lyle, Fiona McNeela, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Alistair Hughes, Bryan Yates, Jessica Reynolds, Helen Campbell, Maria Thompsom, Steve Dodds, Stacey Duffy, Sandra Greer, Karen Shuker, Ascanio Tridente, Reena Khade, Ashok Sundar, George Tsinaslanidis, Isobel Birkinshaw, Joseph Carter, Kate Howard, Joanne Ingham, Rosie Joy, Harriet Pearson, Samantha Roche, Zoe Scott, Hollie Bancroft, Mary Bellamy, Margaret Carmody, Jacqueline Daglish, Faye Moore, Joanne Rhodes, Mirriam Sangombe, Salma Kadiri, Maria Croft, Ian White, Victoria Frost, Maia Aquino, Rajeev Jha, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Lai Lim, Li Lim, Edward Combes, Teishel Joefield, Sonja Monnery, Valerie Beech, Sallyanne Trotman, Christine Almaden-Boyle, Pauline Austin, Louise Cabrelli, Stephen Cole, Matt Casey, Susan Chapman, Clare Whyte, Yolanda Baird, Aaron Butler, Indra Chadbourn, Linda Folkes, Heather Fox, Amy Gardner, Raquel Gomez, Gillian Hobden, Luke Hodgson, Kirsten King, Michael Margarson, Tim Martindale, Emma Meadows, Dana Raynard, Yvette Thirlwall, David Helm, Jordi Margalef, Kristine Criste, Rebecca Cusack, Kim Golder, Hannah Golding, Oliver Jones, Samantha Leggett, Michelle Male, Martyna Marani, Kirsty Prager, Toran Williams, Belinda Roberts, Karen Salmon, Peter Anderson, Katie Archer, Karen Austin, Caroline Davis, Alison Durie, Olivia Kelsall, Jessica Thrush, Charlie Vigurs, Laura Wild, Hannah-Louise Wood, Helen Tranter, Alison Harrison, Nicholas Cowley, Michael McAlindon, Andrew Burtenshaw, Stephen Digby, Emma Low, Aled Morgan, Naiara Cother, Tobias Rankin, Sarah Clayton, Alex McCurdy, Cecilia Ahmed, Balvinder Baines, Sarah Clamp, Julie Colley, Risna Haq, Anne Hayes, Jonathan Hulme, Samia Hussain, Sibet Joseph, Rita Kumar, Zahira Maqsood, Manjit Purewal, Leonie Benham, Zena Bradshaw, Joanna Brown, Melanie Caswell, Jason Cupitt, Sarah Melling, Stephen Preston, Nicola Slawson, Emma Stoddard, Scott Warden, Bethan Deacon, Ceri Lynch, Carla Pothecary, Lisa Roche, Gwenllian Sera Howe, Jayaprakash Singh, Keri Turner, Hannah Ellis, Natalie Stroud, Jodie Hunt, Joy Dearden, Emma Dobson, Andy Drummond, Michelle Mulcahy, Sheila Munt, Grainne O'Connor, Jennifer Philbin, Chloe Rishton, Redmond Tully, Sarah Winnard, Susanne Cathcart, Katharine Duffy, Alex Puxty, Kathryn Puxty, Lynne Turner, Jane Ireland, Gary Semple, Kate Long, Simon Whiteley, Elizabeth Wilby, Bethan Ogg, Amanda Cowton, Andrea Kay, Melanie Kent, Kathryn Potts, Ami Wilkinson, Suzanne Campbell, Ellen Brown, Julie Melville, Jay Naisbitt, Rosane Joseph, Maria Lazo, Olivia Walton, Alan Neal, Peter Alexander, Schvearn Allen, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Craig Brantwood, Jasmine Egan, Timothy Felton, Grace Padden, Luke Ward, Stuart Moss, Susannah Glasgow, Lynn Abel, Michael Brett, Brian Digby, Lisa Gemmell, James Hornsby, Patrick MacGoey, Pauline O'Neil, Richard Price, Natalie Rodden, Kevin Rooney, Radha Sundaram, Nicola Thomson, Bridget Hopkins, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Heather Willis, Martyn Clark, Martina Coulding, Edward Jude, Jacqueline McCormick, Oliver Mercer, Darsh Potla, Hafiz Rehman, Heather Savill, Victoria Turner, Charlotte Downes, Kathleen Holding, Katie Riches, Mary Hilton, Mel Hayman, Deepak Subramanian, Priya Daniel, Oluronke Adanini, Nikhil Bhatia, Maines Msiska, Rebecca Collins, Ian Clement, Bijal Patel, A. Gulati, Carole Hays, K. Webster, Anne Hudson, Andrea Webster, Elaine Stephenson, Louise McCormack, Victoria Slater, Rachel Nixon, Helen Hanson, Maggie Fearby, Sinead Kelly, Victoria Bridgett, Philip Robinson, Julie Camsooksai, Charlotte Humphrey, Sarah Jenkins, Henrik Reschreiter, Beverley Wadams, Yasmin Death, Victoria Bastion, Daphene Clarke, Beena David, Harriet Kent, Rachel Lorusso, Gamu Lubimbi, Sophie Murdoch, Melchizedek Penacerrada, Alastair Thomas, Jennifer Valentine, Ana Vochin, Retno Wulandari, Brice Djeugam, Gillian Bell, Katy English, Amro Katary, Louise Wilcox, Michelle Bruce, Karen Connolly, Tracy Duncan, Helen T-Michael, Gabriella Lindergard, Samuel Hey, Claire Fox, Jordan Alfonso, Laura Jayne Durrans, Jacinta Guerin, Bethan Blackledge, Jade Harris, Martin Hruska, Ayaa Eltayeb, Thomas Lamb, Tracey Hodgkiss, Lisa Cooper, Joanne Rothwell, Angela Allan, Felicity Anderson, Callum Kaye, Jade Liew, Jasmine Medhora, Teresa Scott, Erin Trumper, Adriana Botello, Liana Lankester, Nikitas Nikitas, Colin Wells, Bethan Stowe, Kayleigh Spencer, Craig Brandwood, Lara Smith, Katie Birchall, Laurel Kolakaluri, Deborah Baines, Anila Sukumaran, Elena Apetri, Cathrine Basikolo, Laura Catlow, Bethan Charles, Paul Dark, Reece Doonan, Alice Harvey, Daniel Horner, Karen Knowles, Stephanie Lee, Diane Lomas, Chloe Lyons, Tracy Marsden, Danielle McLaughlan, Liam McMorrow, Jessica Pendlebury, Jane Perez, Maria Poulaka, Nicola Proudfoot, Melanie Slaughter, Kathryn Slevin, Vicky Thomas, Danielle Walker, Angiy Michael, Matthew Collis, Tracey Cosier, Gemma Millen, Neil Richardson, Natasha Schumacher, Heather Weston, James Rand, Nicola Baxter, Steven Henderson, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Christopher McParland, Laura Rooney, Malcolm Sim, Gordan McCreath, Louise Akeroyd, Shereen Bano, Matt Bromley, Lucy Gurr, Tom Lawton, James Morgan, Kirsten Sellick, Deborah Warren, Brian Wilkinson, Janet McGowan, Camilla Ledgard, Amelia Stacey, Kate Pye, Ruth Bellwood, Michael Bentley, Jeremy Bewley, Zoe Garland, Lisa Grimmer, Bethany Gumbrill, Rebekah Johnson, Katie Sweet, Denise Webster, Georgia Efford, Karen Convery, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Lisa Hudig, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Georgina Randell, Katie Stammers, Maria Bokhari, Vanessa Linnett, Rachael Lucas, Wendy McCormick, Jenny Ritzema, Amanda Sanderson, Helen Wild, Anthony Rostron, Alistair Roy, Lindsey Woods, Sarah Cornell, Fiona Wakinshaw, Kimberley Rogerson, Jordan Jarmain, Robert Parker, Amie Reddy, Ian Turner-Bone, Laura Wilding, Peter Harding, Caroline Abernathy, Louise Foster, Andrew Gratrix, Vicky Martinson, Priyai Parkinson, Elizabeth Stones, Llucia Carbral-Ortega, Georgia Bercades, David Brealey, Ingrid Hass, Niall MacCallum, Gladys Martir, Eamon Raith, Anna Reyes, Deborah Smyth, Letizia Zitter, Sarah Benyon, Suzie Marriott, Linda Park, Samantha Keenan, Elizabeth Gordon, Helen Quinn, Kizzy Baines, Lenka Cagova, Adama Fofano, Lucie Garner, Helen Holcombe, Sue Mepham, Alice Michael Mitchell, Lucy Mwaura, Krithivasan Praman, Alain Vuylsteke, Julie Zamikula, Bally Purewal, Vanessa Rivers, Stephanie Bell, Hayley Blakemore, Borislava Borislavova, Beverley Faulkner, Emma Gendall, Elizabeth Goff, Kati Hayes, Matt Thomas, Ruth Worner, Kerry Smith, Deanna Stephens, Louise Mew, Esther Mwaura, Richard Stewart, Felicity Williams, Lynn Wren, Sara-Beth Sutherland, Emily Bevan, Jane Martin, Dawn Trodd, Geoff Watson, Caroline Wrey Brown, Amy Collins, Waqas Khaliq, Estefania Treus Gude, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Alasdair Bamford, Emily Beech, Holly Belfield, Michael Bell, Charlene Davies, Gareth A.L. Jones, Tara McHugh, Hamza Meghari, Lauran O'Neill, Mark J. Peters, Samiran Ray, Ana Luisa Tomas, Iona Burn, Geraldine Hambrook, Katarina Manso, Ruth Penn, Pradeep Shanmugasundaram, Julie Tebbutt, Danielle Thornton, Jade Cole, Rhys Davies, Donna Duffin, Helen Hill, Ben Player, Emma Thomas, Angharad Williams, Denise Griffin, Nycola Muchenje, Mcdonald Mupudzi, Richard Partridge, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Rachel Thomas, Mary Wright, Maria Alvarez Corral, Reni Jacob, Cathy Jones, Craig Denmade, Sarah Beavis, Katie Dale, Rachel Gascoyne, Joanne Hawes, Kelly Pritchard, Lesley Stevenson, Amanda Whileman, Patricia Doble, Joanne Hutter, Corinne Pawley, Charmaine Shovelton, Marius Vaida, Deborah Butcher, Susie O'Sullivan, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Norfaizan Ahmad, Joann Barker, Kris Bauchmuller, Sarah Bird, Kay Cawthron, Kate Harrington, Yvonne Jackson, Faith Kibutu, Becky Lenagh, Shamiso Masuko, Gary H. Mills, Ajay Raithatha, Matthew Wiles, Jayne Willson, Helen Newell, Alison Lye, Lorenza Nwafor, Claire Jarman, Sarah Rowland-Jones, David Foote, Joby Cole, Roger Thompson, James Watson, Lisa Hesseldon, Irene Macharia, Luke Chetam, Jacqui Smith, Amber Ford, Samantha Anderson, Kathryn Birchall, Kay Housley, Sara Walker, Leanne Milner, Helena Hanratty, Helen Trower, Patrick Phillips, Simon Oxspring, Ben Donne, Catherine Jardine, Dewi Williams, Alasdair Hay, Rebecca Flanagan, Gareth Hughes, Scott Latham, Emma McKenna, Jennifer Anderson, Robert Hull, Kat Rhead, Carina Cruz, Natalie Pattison, Rob Charnock, Denise McFarland, Denise Cosgrove, Ashar Ahmed, Anna Morris, Srinivas Jakkula, Asifa Ali, Megan Brady, Sam Dale, Annalisa Dance, Lisa Gledhill, Jill Greig, Kathryn Hanson, Kelly Holdroyd, Marie Home, Diane Kelly, Ross Kitson, Lear Matapure, Deborah Melia, Samantha Mellor, Tonicha Nortcliffe, Jez Pinnell, Matthew Robinson, Lisa Shaw, Ryan Shaw, Lesley Thomis, Alison Wilson, Tracy Wood, Lee-Ann Bayo, Ekta Merwaha, Tahira Ishaq, Sarah Hanley, Meg Hibbert, Dariusz Tetla, Chrsitopher Woodford, Latha Durga, Gareth Kennard-Holden, Debbie Branney, Jordan Frankham, Sally Pitts, Nigel White, Shondipon Laha, Mark Verlander, Alexandra Williams, Abdelhakim Altabaibeh, Ana Alvaro, Kayleigh Gilbert, Louise Ma, Loreta Mostoles, Chetan Parmar, Kathryn Simpson, Champa Jetha, Lauren Booker, Anezka Pratley, Colene Adams, Anita Agasou, Tracie Arden, Amy Bowes, Pauline Boyle, Mandy Beekes, Heather Button, Nigel Capps, Mandy Carnahan, Anne Carter, Danielle Childs, Denise Donaldson, Kelly Hard, Fran Hurford, Yasmin Hussain, Ayesha Javaid, James Jones, Sanal Jose, Michael Leigh, Terry Martin, Helen Millward, Nichola Motherwell, Rachel Rikunenko, Jo Stickley, Julie Summers, Louise Ting, Helen Tivenan, Louise Tonks, Rebecca Wilcox, Maureen Holland, Natalie Keenan, Marc Lyons, Helen Wassall, Chris Marsh, Mervin Mahenthran, Emma Carter, Thomas Kong, Helen Blackman, Ben Creagh-Brown, Sinead Donlon, Natalia Michalak-Glinska, Sheila Mtuwa, Veronika Pristopan, Armorel Salberg, Eleanor Smith, Sarah Stone, Charles Piercy, Jerik Verula, Dorota Burda, Rugia Montaser, Lesley Harden, Irving Mayangao, Cheryl Marriott, Paul Bradley, Celia Harris, Susan Anderson, Eleanor Andrews, Janine Birch, Emma Collins, Kate Hammerton, Ryan O'Leary, Michele Clark, Sarah Purvis, Russell Barber, Claire Hewitt, Annette Hilldrith, Karen Jackson-Lawrence, Sarah Shepardson, Maryanne Wills, Susan Butler, Silvia Tavares, Amy Cunningham, Julia Hindale, Sarwat Arif, Sarah Bean, Karen Burt, Michael Spivey, Carrie Demetriou, Charlotte Eckbad, Sarah Hierons, Lucy Howie, Sarah Mitchard, Lidia Ramos, Alfredo Serrano-Ruiz, Katie White, Fiona Kelly, Daniele Cristiano, Natalie Dormand, Zohreh Farzad, Mahitha Gummadi, Kamal Liyanage, Brijesh Patel, Sara Salmi, Geraldine Sloane, Vicky Thwaites, Mathew Varghese, Anelise C. Zborowski, John Allan, Tim Geary, Gordon Houston, Alistair Meikle, Peter O'Brien, Miranda Forsey, Agilan Kaliappan, Anne Nicholson, Joanne Riches, Mark Vertue, Elizabeth Allan, Kate Darlington, Ffyon Davies, Jack Easton, Sumit Kumar, Richard Lean, Daniel Menzies, Richard Pugh, Xinyi Qiu, Llinos Davies, Hannah Williams, Jeremy Scanlon, Gwyneth Davies, Callum Mackay, Joannne Lewis, Stephanie Rees, Metod Oblak, Monica Popescu, Mini Thankachen, Andrew Higham, Kerry Simpson, Jayne Craig, Rosie Baruah, Sheila Morris, Susie Ferguson, Amy Shepherd, Luke Stephen Prockter Moore, Marcela Paola Vizcaychipi, Laura Gomes de Almeida Martins, Jaime Carungcong, Inthakab Ali Mohamed Ali, Karen Beaumont, Mark Blunt, Zoe Coton, Hollie Curgenven, Mohamed Elsaadany, Kay Fernandes, Sameena Mohamed Ally, Harini Rangarajan, Varun Sarathy, Sivarupan Selvanayagam, Dave Vedage, Matthew White, Mandy Gill, Paul Paul, Valli Ratnam, Sarah Shelton, Inez Wynter, Siobhain Carmody, Valerie Joan Page, Claire Marie Beith, Karen Black, Suzanne Clements, Alan Morrison, Dominic Strachan, Margaret Taylor, Michelle Clarkson, Stuart D'Sylva, Kathryn Norman, Fiona Auld, Joanne Donnachie, Ian Edmond, Lynn Prentice, Nikole Runciman, Dario Salutous, Lesley Symon, Anne Todd, Patricia Turner, Abigail Short, Laura Sweeney, Euan Murdoch, Dhaneesha Senaratne, Michaela Hill, Thogulava Kannan, Wild Laura, Rikki Crawley, Abigail Crew, Mishell Cunningham, Allison Daniels, Laura Harrison, Susan Hope, Ken Inweregbu, Sian Jones, Nicola Lancaster, Jamie Matthews, Alice Nicholson, Gemma Wray, Helen Langton, Rachel Prout, Malcolm Watters, Catherine Novis, Anthony Barron, Ciara Collins, Sundeep Kaul, Heather Passmore, Claire Prendergast, Anna Reed, Paula Rogers, Rajvinder Shokkar, Meriel Woodruff, Hayley Middleton, Oliver Polgar, Claire Nolan, Kanta Mahay, Dawn Collier, Anil Hormis, Victoria Maynard, Cheryl Graham, Rachel Walker, Ellen Knights, Alicia Price, Alice Thomas, Chris Thorpe, Teresa Behan, Caroline Burnett, Jonathan Hatton, Elaine Heeney, Atideb Mitra, Maria Newton, Rachel Pollard, Rachael Stead, Vishal Amin, Elena Anastasescu, Vikram Anumakonda, Komala Karthik, Rizwana Kausar, Karen Reid, Jacqueline Smith, Janet Imeson-Wood, Denise Skinner, Jane Gaylard, Dee Mullan, Julie Newman, Alison Brown, Vikki Crickmore, Gabor Debreceni, Joy Wilkins, Liz Nicol, Rosie Reece-Anthony, Mark Birt, Alison Ghosh, Emma Williams, Louise Allen, Eva Beranova, Nikki Crisp, Joanne Deery, Tracy Hazelton, Alicia Knight, Carly Price, Sorrell Tilbey, Salah Turki, Sharon Turney, Joshua Cooper, Cheryl Finch, Sarah Liderth, Alison Quinn, Natalia Waddington, Tina Coventry, Susan Fowler, Michael MacMahon, Amanda McGregor, Anne Cowley, Judith Highgate, Jane Gregory, Susan O'Connell, Tim Smith, Luigi Barberis, Shameer Gopal, Nichola Harris, Victoria Lake, Stella Metherell, Elizabeth Radford, Amelia Daniel, Joanne Finn, Rajnish Saha, Nikki White, Phil Donnison, Fiona Trim, Beena Eapen, Jenny Birch, Laura Bough, Josie Goodsell, Rebecca Tutton, Patricia Williams, Sarah Williams, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Ailstair Nichol, Kathy Brickell, Michelle Smyth, Lorna Murphy, Samantha Coetzee, Alistair Gales, Igor Otahal, Meena Raj, Craig Sell, Paula Hilltout, Jayne Evitts, Amanda Tyler, Joanne Waldron, Kate Beesley, Sarah Board, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Alison Lewis, Jess Perry, Lucy Pippard, Di Wood, Clare Buckley, Peter Barry, Neil Flint, Patel Rekha, Dawn Hales, Lara Bunni, Claire Jennings, Monica Latif, Rebecca Marshall, Gayathri Subramanian, Peter J. McGuigan, Christopher Wasson, Stephanie Finn, Jackie Green, Erin Collins, Bernadette King, Andy Campbell, Sara Smuts, Joseph Duffield, Oliver Smith, Lewis Mallon, Watkins Claire, Liam Botfield, Joanna Butler, Catherine Dexter, Jo Fletcher, Atul Garg, Aditya Kuravi, Poonam Ranga, Emma Virgilio, Zakaula Belagodu, Bridget Fuller, Anca Gherman, Olumide Olufuwa, Remi Paramsothy, Carmel Stuart, Naomi Oakley, Charlotte Kamundi, David Tyl, Katy Collins, Pedro Silva, June Taylor, Laura King, Charlotte Coates, Maria Crowley, Phillipa Wakefield, Jane Beadle, Laura Johnson, Janet Sargeant, Madeleine Anderson, Ailbhe Brady, Rebekah Chan, Jeff Little, Shane McIvor, Helena Prady, Helen Whittle, Bijoy Mathew, Ben Attwood, Penny Parsons, Geraldine Ward, Pamela Bremmer, West Joe, Baird Tracy, Ruddy Jim, Ellie Davies, Sonia Sathe, Catherine Dennis, Alastair McGregor, Victoria Parris, Sinduya Srikaran, Anisha Sukha, Noreen Clarke, Jonathan Whiteside, Mairi Mascarenhas, Avril Donaldson, Joanna Matheson, Fiona Barrett, Marianne O'Hara, Laura Okeefe, Clare Bradley, Christine Eastgate-Jackson, Helder Filipe, Daniel Martin, Amitaa Maharajh, Sara Mingo Garcia, Glykeria Pakou, Mark De Neef, Kathy Dent, Elizabeth Horsley, Muhmmad Nauman Akhtar, Sandra Pearson, Dorota Potoczna, Sue Spencer, Melanie Clapham, Rosemary Harper, Una Poultney, Polly Rice, Rachel Mutch, Lisa Armstrong, Hayley Bates, Emma Dooks, Fiona Farquhar, Brigid Hairsine, Chantal McParland, Sophie Packham, Rehana Bi, Barney Scholefield, Lydia Ashton, Linsha George, Sophie Twiss, David Wright, Manish Chablani, Amy Kirkby, Kimberley Netherton, Kim Davies, Linda O'Brien, Zohra Omar, Emma Perkins, Tracy Lewis, Isobel Sutherland, Karen Burns, Dr Ben Chandler, Kerry Elliott, Janine Mallinson, Alison Turnbull, Prisca Gondo, Bernard Hadebe, Abdul Kayani, Bridgett Masunda, Taya Anderson, Dan Hawcutt, Laura O'Malley, Laura Rad, Naomi Rogers, Paula Saunderson, Kathryn Sian Allison, Deborah Afolabi, Jennifer Whitbread, Dawn Jones, Rachael Dore, Matthew Halkes, Pauline Mercer, Lorraine Thornton, Joy Dawson, Sweyn Garrioch, Melanie Tolson, Jonathan Aldridge, Ritoo Kapoor, David Loader, Karen Castle, Sally Humphreys, Ruth Tampsett, Katherine Mackintosh, Amanda Ayers, Wendy Harrison, Julie North, Suzanne Allibone, Roman Genetu, Vidya Kasipandian, Amit Patel, Ainhi Mac, Anthony Murphy, Parisa Mahjoob, Roonak Nazari, Lucy Worsley, Andrew Fagan, Thomas Bemand, Ethel Black, Arnold Dela Rosa, Ryan Howle, Shaman Jhanji, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Kate Colette Tatham, Benjamin Thomas, Dina Bell, Rosalind Boyle, Katie Douglas, Lynn Glass, Emma Lee, Liz Lennon, Austin Rattray, Abigail Taylor, Rachel Anne Hughes, Helen Thomas, Alun Rees, Michaela Duskova, Janet Phipps, Suzanne Brooks, Michelle Edwards, Sheena Quaid, Ekaterina Watson, Adam Brayne, Emma Fisher, Jane Hunt, Peter Jackson, Duncan Kaye, Nicholas Love, Juliet Parkin, Victoria Tuckey, Lynne Van Koutrik, Sasha Carter, Benedict Andrew, Louise Findlay, Katie Adams, Jen Service, Alison Williams, Claire Cheyne, Anne Saunderson, Sam Moultrie, Miranda Odam, Kathryn Hall, Isheunesu Mapfunde, Charlotte Willis, Alex Lyon, Chunda Sri-Chandana, Joslan Scherewode, Lorraine Stephenson, Sarah Marsh, John Hardy, Henry Houlden, Eleanor Moncur, Ambreen Tariq, Arianna Tucci, Maria Hobrok, Ronda Loosley, Heather McGuinness, Helen Tench, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Val Irvine, Benjamin Shelley, Claire Gorman, Abhinav Gupta, Elizabeth Timlick, Rebecca Brady, Barry Milligan, Arianna Bellini, Jade Bryant, Anton Mayer, Amy Pickard, Nicholas Roe, Jason Sowter, Alex Howlett, Katy Fidler, Emma Tagliavini, and Kevin Donnelly

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, host genetics, toll-like receptor 7, targeted sequencing, rare variants, variant collapsing analysis, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Summary: Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (

Published
2024
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23. Factors Associated With Circulating Sex Hormones in Men : Individual Participant Data Meta-analyses.

Author

Bhasin, Shalender, Biggs, Mary, Cawthon, Peggy, Couper, David, Dobs, Adrian, Flicker, Leon, Handelsman, David, Hankey, Graeme, Hannemann, Anke, Haring, Robin, Hsu, Benjumin, Karlsson, Magnus, Martin, Sean, Matsumoto, Alvin, Mellström, Dan, Ohlsson, Claes, ONeill, Terence, Orwoll, Eric, Quartagno, Matteo, Shores, Molly, Steveling, Antje, Tivesten, Åsa, Travison, Thomas, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Wittert, Gary, Wu, Frederick, Yeap, Bu, Marriott, Ross, Murray, Kevin, Adams, Robert, Antonio, Leen, Ballantyne, Christie, and Bauer, Douglas

Subjects
Humans, Male, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prospective Studies, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Various factors modulate circulating testosterone in men, affecting interpretation of testosterone measurements. PURPOSE: To clarify factors associated with variations in sex hormone concentrations. DATA SOURCES: Systematic literature searches (to July 2019). STUDY SELECTION: Prospective cohort studies of community-dwelling men with total testosterone measured using mass spectrometry. DATA EXTRACTION: Individual participant data (IPD) (9 studies; n = 21 074) and aggregate data (2 studies; n = 4075). Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors and concentrations of total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two-stage random-effects IPD meta-analyses found a nonlinear association of testosterone with age, with negligible change among men aged 17 to 70 years (change per SD increase about the midpoint, -0.27 nmol/L [-7.8 ng/dL] [CI, -0.71 to 0.18 nmol/L {-20.5 to 5.2 ng/dL}]) and decreasing testosterone levels with age for men older than 70 years (-1.55 nmol/L [-44.7 ng/dL] [CI, -2.05 to -1.06 nmol/L {-59.1 to -30.6 ng/dL}]). Testosterone was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) (change per SD increase, -2.42 nmol/L [-69.7 ng/dL] [CI, -2.70 to -2.13 nmol/L {-77.8 to -61.4 ng/dL}]). Testosterone concentrations were lower for men who were married (mean difference, -0.57 nmol/L [-16.4 ng/dL] [CI, -0.89 to -0.26 nmol/L {-25.6 to -7.5 ng/dL}]); undertook at most 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week (-0.51 nmol/L [-14.7 ng/dL] [CI, -0.90 to -0.13 nmol/L {-25.9 to -3.7 ng/dL}]); were former smokers (-0.34 nmol/L [-9.8 ng/dL] [CI, -0.55 to -0.12 nmol/L {-15.9 to -3.5 ng/dL}]); or had hypertension (-0.53 nmol/L [-15.3 ng/dL] [CI, -0.82 to -0.24 nmol/L {-23.6 to -6.9 ng/dL}]), cardiovascular disease (-0.35 nmol/L [-10.1 ng/dL] [CI, -0.55 to -0.15 nmol/L {-15.9 to -4.3 ng/dL}]), cancer (-1.39 nmol/L [-40.1 ng/dL] [CI, -1.79 to -0.99 nmol/L {-51.6 to -28.5 ng/dL}]), or diabetes (-1.43 nmol/L [-41.2 ng/dL] [CI, -1.65 to -1.22 nmol/L {-47.6 to -35.2 ng/dL}]). Sex hormone-binding globulin was directly associated with age and inversely associated with BMI. Luteinizing hormone was directly associated with age in men older than 70 years. LIMITATION: Cross-sectional analysis, heterogeneity between studies and in timing of blood sampling, and imputation for missing data. CONCLUSION: Multiple factors are associated with variation in male testosterone, SHBG, and LH concentrations. Reduced testosterone and increased LH concentrations may indicate impaired testicular function after age 70 years. Interpretation of individual testosterone measurements should account particularly for age older than 70 years, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Medical Research Future Fund, Government of Western Australia, and Lawley Pharmaceuticals. (PROSPERO: CRD42019139668).

Published
2023

36. Reading Strategies for Graph Visualizations that Wrap Around in Torus Topology

Author

Chen, Kun-Ting, Ngo, Quynh Quang, Kurzhals, Kuno, Marriott, Kim, Dwyer, Tim, Sedlmair, Michael, and Weiskopf, Daniel

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

We investigate reading strategies for node-link diagrams that wrap around the boundaries in a flattened torus topology by examining eye tracking data recorded in a previous controlled study. Prior work showed that torus drawing affords greater flexibility in clutter reduction than traditional node-link representations, but impedes link-and-path exploration tasks, while repeating tiles around boundaries aids comprehension. However, it remains unclear what strategies users apply in different wrapping settings. This is important for design implications for future work on more effective wrapped visualizations for network applications, and cyclic data that could benefit from wrapping. We perform visual-exploratory data analysis of gaze data, and conduct statistical tests derived from the patterns identified. Results show distinguishable gaze behaviors, with more visual glances and transitions between areas of interest in the non-replicated layout. Full-context has more successful visual searches than partial-context, but the gaze allocation indicates that the layout could be more space-efficient.

Published
2023
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37. Feasibility and acceptability of an online multicomponent very low-carbohydrate intervention in young adult women with obesity: a pilot study

Author

Laura R. Saslow, Alison O’Brien, Kaitlyn Raymond, Hovig Bayandorian, Deanna Marriott, Judith T. Moskowitz, Jennifer Daubenmier, Dave Bridges, Cody M. Cousineau, and Dina H. Griauzde

Subjects
Weight loss, Young adults, Online intervention, Dietary, Ketogenic, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Approximately one-third of US young adults (18–25 years) have obesity, and there are calls to help young adults lose weight to prevent weight-related chronic conditions. This pilot trial tested the feasibility and acceptability of a very low-carbohydrate (VLC) eating pattern, with supportive positive affect and mindful eating skills, for weight management among young females with obesity. Methods In a single-arm trial, women (N = 17), aged 19–23, with obesity participated in a 4-month diet and lifestyle intervention. Participants were taught how to follow a VLC eating pattern with the help of a coach and 16 weekly web-based sessions. We assessed feasibility and acceptability through session participation, outcome collection, intervention satisfaction, and adverse events. Results Seventeen participants enrolled and 14 (82%) reported body weight at 4 months. Fifteen participants (94% of those beginning the intervention) viewed at least one session, and 8/15 (53%) of these participants were active in the intervention, viewing at least half of the sessions. Among the nine participants who provided 4-month self-report information, intervention satisfaction was high (mean 5.89/7, 95% CI 4.59 to 7.19). Among participants with a 4-month body weight, 7/14 (50%) lost ≥ 5% of their body weight, and of those who were also active in the intervention, 6/7 (86%) lost ≥ 5% of their body weight. There were no serious adverse events. Conclusions The results of this pilot study suggest that a VLC eating pattern may be a feasible and acceptable approach for weight loss in some young women with obesity. Trial registration This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on August 18, 2021. The trial number is NCT05010083.

Published
2024
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38. Mutations in the tail and rod domains of the neurofilament heavy‐chain gene increase the risk of ALS

Author

Heather Marriott, Thomas P. Spargo, Ahmad Al Khleifat, Peter M Andersen, Nazli A. Başak, Johnathan Cooper‐Knock, Philippe Corcia, Philippe Couratier, Mamede deCarvalho, Vivian Drory, Marc Gotkine, John E. Landers, Russell McLaughlin, Jesús S. Mora Pardina, Karen E. Morrison, Susana Pinto, Christopher E. Shaw, Pamela J. Shaw, Vincenzo Silani, Nicola Ticozzi, Philip vanDamme, Leonard H. van denBerg, Patrick Vourc'h, Markus Weber, Jan H. Veldink, Project MinE ALS Sequencing Consortium, Richard J. Dobson, Patrick Schwab, Ammar Al‐Chalabi, and Alfredo Iacoangeli

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Objective Neurofilament heavy‐chain gene (NEFH) variants are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, however, their relationship with ALS has not been robustly explored. Still, NEFH is commonly included in genetic screening panels worldwide. We therefore aimed to determine if NEFH variants modify ALS risk. Methods Genetic data of 11,130 people with ALS and 7,416 controls from the literature and Project MinE were analysed. We performed meta‐analyses of published case–control studies reporting NEFH variants, and variant analysis of NEFH in Project MinE whole‐genome sequencing data. Results Fixed‐effects meta‐analysis found that rare (MAF

Published
2024
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39. Suppression of host gene expression is associated with latent TB infection: a possible diagnostic biomarker

Author

Ritah Nakiboneka, Nicolò Margaritella, Tonney Nyirenda, David Chaima, Natasha Walbaum, Emmanuel Musisi, Sikwese Tionge, Takondwa Msosa, Marriott Nliwasa, Chisomo L. Msefula, Derek Sloan, and Wilber Sabiiti

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The World Health Organization End TB strategy aims for a 90% reduction of tuberculosis (TB) incidence by 2035. Systematic testing and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) among contacts of active TB patients is recommended as one of the ways to curtail TB incidence. However, there is a shortage of tools to accurately diagnose LTBI. We assessed the appropriateness of whole blood host transcriptomic markers (TM) to diagnose LTBI among household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed index cases compared to HIV negative healthy controls (HC). QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR were used to determine LTBI and quantify TM expression respectively. Association between TM expression and LTBI was evaluated by logistic regression modelling. A total of 100 participants, 49 TB exposed (TBEx) household contacts and 51 HC, were enrolled. Twenty-five (51%) TBEx individuals tested positive by IGRA, and were denoted as LTBI individuals, and 37 (72.5%) HC were IGRA-negative. Expression of 11 evaluated TM was significantly suppressed among LTBI compared to HC. Out of the 11 TM, ZNF296 and KLF2 expression were strongly associated with LTBI and successfully differentiated LTBI from HC. Paradoxically, 21 (49%) TBEx participants who tested IGRA negative exhibited the same pattern of suppressed TM expression as IGRA positive (LTBI-confirmed individuals). Results suggest that suppression of gene expression underlies LTBI and may be a more sensitive diagnostic biomarker than standard-of-care IGRA.

Published
2024
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40. Participation in Elite Sport in Youth and Its Impact on Lifelong Bone Health

Author

Amelia Marriott, Fiona Kirkham-Wilson, and Elaine Dennison

Subjects
bone density, elite sport, peak bone mass, Osteopathy, RZ301-397.5
Abstract

Weight-bearing physical activity is considered beneficial to bone health throughout the course of life, with the most marked benefits for bone health often considered to be high levels of activity around the time of peak bone mass (PBM) acquisition. To date, the research focus has been on the benefits of recreational weight-bearing sporting activity. Participation in elite sport is associated with enhanced sporting activity but is often also associated with low body weight, menstrual disturbance in females, and rest periods following injury. The benefit of sporting activity may, therefore, be attenuated in these groups. Here, we undertook a systematic review to consider what evidence is available regarding whether elite sporting activity in young adulthood has lasting benefits for bone health. Studies of retired athletes aged >50 years, who participated in elite sport from 15 to 30 years, were considered for inclusion. Elite sport was defined as participation at the national level or above. Following protocol development, the search strategy was applied to PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The selection was managed with Rayyan software, and the bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Two reviewers independently identified papers; a third adjudicated and screened the final selection for consideration. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021293644). Two reviewers screened 951 articles, of which 4 papers met the inclusion criteria. One paper reported findings in women and three in men; no paper included both sexes. The sample sizes varied from 24 to 193 and considered football, endurance running, weightlifting, and swimming. Bone density was measured at the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine. All studies reported higher density in former athletes than non-elite controls, though the information available regarding confounding lifestyle factors was variable. A meta-analysis was not possible as studies were too heterogenous. In conclusion, from the limited available evidence, our study suggests elite sporting activity in young adulthood may have lasting benefits for bone health. However, given the paucity of available data, we highlight an urgent need for future research, especially in female athletes.

Published
2024
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41. Shoulder dystocia in babies born to Aboriginal mothers with diabetes: a population-based cohort study, 1998–2015

Author

Marwan Awad Ahmed, Helen D. Bailey, Gavin Pereira, Scott W. White, Kingsley Wong, Rhonda Marriott, Matthew J. L. Hare, Bridgette J. McNamara, and Carrington C. J. Shepherd

Subjects
Aboriginal, Shoulder dystocia, Diabetes in pregnancy, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Abstract Background Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) are more likely to have glycaemic levels above the target range, and their babies are thus at higher risk of excessive fetal growth. Shoulder dystocia, defined by failure of spontaneous birth of fetal shoulder after birth of the head requiring obstetric maneuvers, is an obstetric emergency that is strongly associated with DIP and fetal size. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of shoulder dystocia in Aboriginal babies born to mothers with DIP. Methods Stratifying by Aboriginal status, characteristics of births complicated by shoulder dystocia in women with and without DIP were compared and incidence and time-trends of shoulder dystocia were described. Compliance with guidelines aiming at preventing shoulder dystocia in women with DIP were compared. Post-logistic regression estimation was used to calculate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for shoulder dystocia associated with DIP and to estimate probabilities of shoulder dystocia in babies born to mothers with DIP at birthweights > 3 kg. Results Rates of shoulder dystocia from vaginal births in Aboriginal babies born to mothers with DIP were double that of their non-Aboriginal counterparts (6.3% vs 3.2%, p 4.5 kg were lower in the Aboriginal women (28.6% vs 43.1%, p = 0.004). PAFs indicated that 13.4% (95% CI: 9.7%-16.9%) of shoulder dystocia cases in Aboriginal (2.7% (95% CI: 2.1%-3.4%) in non-Aboriginal) women were attributable to DIP. Probability of shoulder dystocia among babies born to Aboriginal mothers with DIP was higher at birthweights > 3 kg. Conclusions Aboriginal mothers with DIP had a higher risk of shoulder dystocia and a stronger association between birthweight and shoulder dystocia. Many cases were recurrent. These factors should be considered in clinical practice and when counselling women.

Published
2024
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42. Preparedness for a first clinical placement in nursing: a descriptive qualitative study

Author

Philippa H. M. Marriott, Jennifer M. Weller-Newton, and Katharine J. Reid

Subjects
Postgraduate nursing education, Nursing students, Nursing schools, Clinical skills, Qualitative research, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract

Abstract Background A first clinical placement for nursing students is a challenging period involving translation of theoretical knowledge and development of an identity within the healthcare setting; it is often a time of emotional vulnerability. It can be a pivotal moment for ambivalent nursing students to decide whether to continue their professional training. To date, student expectations prior to their first clinical placement have been explored in advance of the experience or gathered following the placement experience. However, there is a significant gap in understanding how nursing students’ perspectives about their first clinical placement might change or remain consistent following their placement experiences. Thus, the study aimed to explore first-year nursing students’ emotional responses towards and perceptions of their preparedness for their first clinical placement and to examine whether initial perceptions remain consistent or change during the placement experience. Methods The research utilised a pre-post qualitative descriptive design. Six focus groups were undertaken before the first clinical placement (with up to four participants in each group) and follow-up individual interviews (n = 10) were undertaken towards the end of the first clinical placement with first-year entry-to-practice postgraduate nursing students. Data were analysed thematically. Results Three main themes emerged: (1) adjusting and managing a raft of feelings, encapsulating participants’ feelings about learning in a new environment and progressing from academia to clinical practice; (2) sinking or swimming, comprising students’ expectations before their first clinical placement and how these perceptions are altered through their clinical placement experience; and (3) navigating placement, describing relationships between healthcare staff, patients, and peers. Conclusions This unique study of first-year postgraduate entry-to-practice nursing students’ perspectives of their first clinical placement adds to the extant knowledge. By examining student experience prior to and during their first clinical placement experience, it is possible to explore the consistency and change in students’ narratives over the course of an impactful experience. Researching the narratives of nursing students embarking on their first clinical placement provides tertiary education institutions with insights into preparing students for this critical experience.

Published
2024
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43. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19

Author

Rimoldi, Valeria, Paraboschi, Elvezia M., Bandera, Alessandra, Peyvandi, Flora, Grasselli, Giacomo, Blasi, Francesco, Malvestiti, Francesco, Pelusi, Serena, Bianco, Cristiana, Miano, Lorenzo, Lombardi, Angela, Invernizzi, Pietro, Gerussi, Alessio, Citerio, Giuseppe, Biondi, Andrea, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Cazzaniga, Marina Elena, Foti, Giuseppe, Beretta, Ilaria, D'Angiò, Mariella, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Farré, Xavier, Iraola-Guzmán, Susana, Kogevinas, Manolis, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo, Nafria, Beatriz, D'Amato, Mauro, Palom, Adriana, Begg, Colin, Clohisey, Sara, Hinds, Charles, Horby, Peter, Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, McAuley, Danny, Millar, Johnny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J.M., Pereira, Alexandre C., Ponting, Chris P., Rowan, Kathy, Semple, Malcolm G., Shankar-Hari, Manu, Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Aravindan, Latha, Armstrong, Ruth, Biggs, Heather, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Clark, Richard, Coutts, Audrey, Coyle, Judy, Cullum, Louise, Das, Sukamal, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Fawkes, Angie, Fineran, Paul, Fourman, Max Head, Furlong, Anita, Furniss, James, Gallagher, Bernadette, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Griffiths, Fiona, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Hamilton, Debbie, Hendry, Ross, Law, Andy, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Macgillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, Mal, Hanning, McCafferty, Sarah, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Moore, Shona C., Morrice, Kirstie, Murphy, Lee, Murphy, Sheena, Hellen, Mybaya, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Zheng, Chenqing, Chen, Jiantao, Parkinson, Nick, Paterson, Trevor, Schon, Katherine, Stenhouse, Andrew, Das, Mihaela, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Turtle, Lance, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Wrobel, Nicola, Zechner, Marie, Arbane, Gill, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Grau, Neus, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Ostermann, Marlies, Whitton, Christopher, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Collier, David, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavros, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Zongo, Olivier, Bonner, Stephen, Hugill, Keith, Jones, Jessica, Liggett, Steven, Headlam, Evie, Bandla, Nageswar, Gellamucho, Minnie, Davies, Michelle, Thompson, Christopher, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalakshmi, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Haldeos, Anne, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Purohit, Dharam, Vincent, Rachel, Xavier, Kugan, Rohit, Kumar, Alasdair, Frater, Saleem, Malik, David, Carter, Samuel, Jenkins, Lamond, Zoe, Alanna, Wall, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Shaw, David, Waite, Alicia A.C., Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, McPhail, Mark, Nayak, Monalisa, Noble, Harriet, O'Reilly, Kevin, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Smith, John, Knighton, Abigail, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Brett, Stephen, Coghlan, Phoebe, Fernandez, Ziortza, Gordon, Anthony, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Templeton, Maie, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Ryan, Lucy, Clark, Amy, Sampson, Julia, Peters, Cecilia, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Ashraf, Saima, Wei, Shuying, Andrew, Angela, Bashyal, Archana, Davidson, Neil, Hutton, Paula, McKechnie, Stuart, Wilson, Jean, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fernandes, Rita, Herdman-Grant, Rosaleen, Joseph, Anna, O'Connor, Denise, Allen, Meryem, Loveridge, Adam, McKenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andres, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Khera, Jacyntha, Fox, Jonathan, Andrew, Gillian, Barclay, Lucy, Callaghan, Marie, Campbell, Rachael, Clark, Sarah, Hope, Dave, Marshall, Lucy, McCulloch, Corrienne, Briton, Kate, Singleton, Jo, Birch, Sohphie, Brimfield, Lutece, Daly, Zoe, Pogson, David, Rose, Steve, Battle, Ceri, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Newey, Luke, Rees, Tabitha, Williams, Marie, Arnold, Sophie, Polgarova, Petra, Stroud, Katerina, Meaney, Eoghan, Jones, Megan, Ng, Anthony, Agrawal, Shruti, Pathan, Nazima, White, Deborah, Daubney, Esther, Elston, Kay, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Phull, Mandeep, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Salciute, Erika, Franke, George, Wong, Joanna, George, Aparna, Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Laura, Peasgood, Emily, Phillips, Claire, Bates, Michelle, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Scriven, James, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Harrison, Abiola, Kanu, Rebecca, Leaver, Susannah, Maccacari, Elena, Manna, Soumendu, Saluzzio, Romina Pepermans, Queiroz, Joana, Samakomva, Tinashe, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Da Gloria, Edna Fernandes, Lisboa, Ana, Rawlins, John, Mathew, Jisha, Kinch, Ashley, Hurt, William James, Shah, Nirav, Clark, Victoria, Thanasi, Maria, Yun, Nikki, Patel, Kamal, Bennett, Sara, Goodwin, Emma, Jackson, Matthew, Kent, Alissa, Tibke, Clare, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Zaki, Ahmed, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Bamford, Peter, Cawley, Kathryn, Dunmore, Charlie, Faulkner, Maria, Girach, Rumanah, Jeffrey, Helen, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Matthew, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Kazi, Aayesha, Hartley, Janice, Dykes, Joseph, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Saad, Samuel, Coleman, Dabheoc, Fine, Christopher, Matt, Roseanna, Gay, Bethan, Dalziel, Jack, Ali, Syamlan, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Goddard, Wendy, Davison, Chloe, Duberly, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Bolton, Rachel, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Seaman, Rebecca, Cherian, Shiney, Cutler, Sean, Heron, Anne Emma, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Szakmany, Tamas, Williams, Gemma, Richards, Owen, Cheema, Yusuf, Brooke, Hollie, Buckley, Sarah, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Rose, Alastair, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Sloan, Brendan, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Jess, Coles, Holly, Frise, Matthew, Rai, Sabi Gurung, Jacques, Nicola, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Gibson, Sian, Lyle, Amanda, McNeela, Fiona, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Hughes, Alistair, Yates, Bryan, Reynolds, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Thompsom, Maria, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Tridente, Ascanio, Khade, Reena, Sundar, Ashok, Tsinaslanidis, George, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Howard, Kate, Ingham, Joanne, Joy, Rosie, Pearson, Harriet, Roche, Samantha, Scott, Zoe, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Carmody, Margaret, Daglish, Jacqueline, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Kadiri, Salma, Croft, Maria, White, Ian, Frost, Victoria, Aquino, Maia, Jha, Rajeev, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Lim, Lai, Lim, Li, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Monnery, Sonja, Beech, Valerie, Trotman, Sallyanne, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Casey, Matt, Chapman, Susan, Whyte, Clare, Baird, Yolanda, Butler, Aaron, Chadbourn, Indra, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Gomez, Raquel, Hobden, Gillian, Hodgson, Luke, King, Kirsten, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Helm, David, Margalef, Jordi, Criste, Kristine, Cusack, Rebecca, Golder, Kim, Golding, Hannah, Jones, Oliver, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Roberts, Belinda, Salmon, Karen, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Austin, Karen, Davis, Caroline, Durie, Alison, Kelsall, Olivia, Thrush, Jessica, Vigurs, Charlie, Wild, Laura, Wood, Hannah-Louise, Tranter, Helen, Harrison, Alison, Cowley, Nicholas, McAlindon, Michael, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Digby, Stephen, Low, Emma, Morgan, Aled, Cother, Naiara, Rankin, Tobias, Clayton, Sarah, McCurdy, Alex, Ahmed, Cecilia, Baines, Balvinder, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Hulme, Jonathan, Hussain, Samia, Joseph, Sibet, Kumar, Rita, Maqsood, Zahira, Purewal, Manjit, Benham, Leonie, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Caswell, Melanie, Cupitt, Jason, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Stoddard, Emma, Warden, Scott, Deacon, Bethan, Lynch, Ceri, Pothecary, Carla, Roche, Lisa, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Turner, Keri, Ellis, Hannah, Stroud, Natalie, Hunt, Jodie, Dearden, Joy, Dobson, Emma, Drummond, Andy, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Sheila, O'Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Tully, Redmond, Winnard, Sarah, Cathcart, Susanne, Duffy, Katharine, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Turner, Lynne, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Long, Kate, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Elizabeth, Ogg, Bethan, Cowton, Amanda, Kay, Andrea, Kent, Melanie, Potts, Kathryn, Wilkinson, Ami, Campbell, Suzanne, Brown, Ellen, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Lazo, Maria, Walton, Olivia, Neal, Alan, Alexander, Peter, Allen, Schvearn, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Brantwood, Craig, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Padden, Grace, Ward, Luke, Moss, Stuart, Glasgow, Susannah, Abel, Lynn, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, James, MacGoey, Patrick, O'Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Rodden, Natalie, Rooney, Kevin, Sundaram, Radha, Thomson, Nicola, Hopkins, Bridget, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Clark, Martyn, Coulding, Martina, Jude, Edward, McCormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Downes, Charlotte, Holding, Kathleen, Riches, Katie, Hilton, Mary, Hayman, Mel, Subramanian, Deepak, Daniel, Priya, Adanini, Oluronke, Bhatia, Nikhil, Msiska, Maines, Collins, Rebecca, Clement, Ian, Patel, Bijal, Gulati, A., Hays, Carole, Webster, K., Hudson, Anne, Webster, Andrea, Stephenson, Elaine, McCormack, Louise, Slater, Victoria, Nixon, Rachel, Hanson, Helen, Fearby, Maggie, Kelly, Sinead, Bridgett, Victoria, Robinson, Philip, Camsooksai, Julie, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Reschreiter, Henrik, Wadams, Beverley, Death, Yasmin, Bastion, Victoria, Clarke, Daphene, David, Beena, Kent, Harriet, Lorusso, Rachel, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Thomas, Alastair, Valentine, Jennifer, Vochin, Ana, 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Sarah, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Rogerson, Kimberley, Jarmain, Jordan, Parker, Robert, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Harding, Peter, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Martinson, Vicky, Parkinson, Priyai, Stones, Elizabeth, Carbral-Ortega, Llucia, Bercades, Georgia, Brealey, David, Hass, Ingrid, MacCallum, Niall, Martir, Gladys, Raith, Eamon, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Zitter, Letizia, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Keenan, Samantha, Gordon, Elizabeth, Quinn, Helen, Baines, Kizzy, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Garner, Lucie, Holcombe, Helen, Mepham, Sue, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, Krithivasan, Vuylsteke, Alain, Zamikula, Julie, Purewal, Bally, Rivers, Vanessa, Bell, Stephanie, Blakemore, Hayley, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Gendall, Emma, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Thomas, Matt, Worner, Ruth, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Mew, Louise, Mwaura, Esther, Stewart, Richard, Williams, Felicity, Wren, Lynn, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Bevan, Emily, Martin, Jane, Trodd, Dawn, Watson, Geoff, Brown, Caroline Wrey, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqas, Gude, Estefania Treus, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Beech, Emily, Belfield, Holly, Bell, Michael, Davies, Charlene, Jones, Gareth A.L., McHugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, O'Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark J., Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, Burn, Iona, Hambrook, Geraldine, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Cole, Jade, Davies, Rhys, Duffin, Donna, Hill, Helen, Player, Ben, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Griffin, Denise, Muchenje, Nycola, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Partridge, Richard, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Jacob, Reni, Jones, Cathy, Denmade, Craig, Beavis, Sarah, Dale, Katie, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Doble, Patricia, Hutter, Joanne, Pawley, Corinne, Shovelton, Charmaine, Vaida, Marius, Butcher, Deborah, O'Sullivan, Susie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kris, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Harrington, Kate, Jackson, Yvonne, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Masuko, Shamiso, Mills, Gary H., Raithatha, Ajay, Wiles, Matthew, Willson, Jayne, Newell, Helen, Lye, Alison, Nwafor, Lorenza, Jarman, Claire, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Foote, David, Cole, Joby, Thompson, Roger, Watson, James, Hesseldon, Lisa, Macharia, Irene, Chetam, Luke, Smith, Jacqui, Ford, Amber, Anderson, Samantha, Birchall, Kathryn, Housley, Kay, Walker, Sara, Milner, Leanne, Hanratty, Helena, Trower, Helen, Phillips, Patrick, Oxspring, Simon, Donne, Ben, Jardine, Catherine, Williams, Dewi, Hay, Alasdair, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hughes, Gareth, Latham, Scott, McKenna, Emma, Anderson, Jennifer, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, Cruz, Carina, Pattison, Natalie, Charnock, Rob, McFarland, Denise, Cosgrove, Denise, Ahmed, Ashar, Morris, Anna, Jakkula, Srinivas, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, 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Jose, Sanal, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Tonks, Louise, Wilcox, Rebecca, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Marsh, Chris, Mahenthran, Mervin, Carter, Emma, Kong, Thomas, Blackman, Helen, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Donlon, Sinead, Michalak-Glinska, Natalia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Pristopan, Veronika, Salberg, Armorel, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Piercy, Charles, Verula, Jerik, Burda, Dorota, Montaser, Rugia, Harden, Lesley, Mayangao, Irving, Marriott, Cheryl, Bradley, Paul, Harris, Celia, Anderson, Susan, Andrews, Eleanor, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Hammerton, Kate, O'Leary, Ryan, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Barber, Russell, Hewitt, Claire, Hilldrith, Annette, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susan, Tavares, Silvia, Cunningham, Amy, Hindale, Julia, Arif, Sarwat, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Hierons, Sarah, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, White, Katie, Kelly, Fiona, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Liyanage, Kamal, Patel, Brijesh, Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Thwaites, Vicky, Varghese, Mathew, Zborowski, Anelise C., Allan, John, Geary, Tim, Houston, Gordon, Meikle, Alistair, O'Brien, Peter, Forsey, Miranda, Kaliappan, Agilan, Nicholson, Anne, Riches, Joanne, Vertue, Mark, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Menzies, Daniel, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Davies, Llinos, Williams, Hannah, Scanlon, Jeremy, Davies, Gwyneth, Mackay, Callum, Lewis, Joannne, Rees, Stephanie, Oblak, Metod, Popescu, Monica, Thankachen, Mini, Higham, Andrew, Simpson, Kerry, Craig, Jayne, Baruah, Rosie, Morris, Sheila, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Prockter Moore, Luke Stephen, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Gomes de Almeida Martins, Laura, Carungcong, Jaime, Mohamed Ali, Inthakab Ali, Beaumont, Karen, Blunt, Mark, Coton, Zoe, Curgenven, Hollie, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Gill, Mandy, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Wynter, Inez, Carmody, Siobhain, Page, Valerie Joan, Beith, Claire Marie, Black, Karen, Clements, Suzanne, Morrison, Alan, Strachan, Dominic, Taylor, Margaret, Clarkson, Michelle, D'Sylva, Stuart, Norman, Kathryn, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Edmond, Ian, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Salutous, Dario, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Murdoch, Euan, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Hill, Michaela, Kannan, Thogulava, Laura, Wild, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Inweregbu, Ken, Jones, Sian, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Nicholson, Alice, Wray, Gemma, Langton, Helen, Prout, Rachel, Watters, Malcolm, Novis, Catherine, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Passmore, Heather, Prendergast, Claire, Reed, Anna, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Middleton, Hayley, Polgar, Oliver, Nolan, Claire, Mahay, Kanta, Collier, Dawn, Hormis, Anil, Maynard, Victoria, Graham, Cheryl, Walker, Rachel, Knights, Ellen, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chris, Behan, Teresa, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Mitra, Atideb, Newton, Maria, Pollard, Rachel, Stead, Rachael, Amin, Vishal, Anastasescu, Elena, Anumakonda, Vikram, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Reid, Karen, Smith, Jacqueline, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Skinner, Denise, Gaylard, Jane, Mullan, Dee, Newman, Julie, Brown, Alison, Crickmore, Vikki, Debreceni, Gabor, Wilkins, Joy, Nicol, Liz, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Birt, Mark, Ghosh, Alison, Williams, Emma, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Crisp, Nikki, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, 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Lara, Jennings, Claire, Latif, Monica, Marshall, Rebecca, Subramanian, Gayathri, McGuigan, Peter J., Wasson, Christopher, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, Collins, Erin, King, Bernadette, Campbell, Andy, Smuts, Sara, Duffield, Joseph, Smith, Oliver, Mallon, Lewis, Claire, Watkins, Botfield, Liam, Butler, Joanna, Dexter, Catherine, Fletcher, Jo, Garg, Atul, Kuravi, Aditya, Ranga, Poonam, Virgilio, Emma, Belagodu, Zakaula, Fuller, Bridget, Gherman, Anca, Olufuwa, Olumide, Paramsothy, Remi, Stuart, Carmel, Oakley, Naomi, Kamundi, Charlotte, Tyl, David, Collins, Katy, Silva, Pedro, Taylor, June, King, Laura, Coates, Charlotte, Crowley, Maria, Wakefield, Phillipa, Beadle, Jane, Johnson, Laura, Sargeant, Janet, Anderson, Madeleine, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, Little, Jeff, McIvor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Whittle, Helen, Mathew, Bijoy, Attwood, Ben, Parsons, Penny, Ward, Geraldine, Bremmer, Pamela, Joe, West, Tracy, Baird, Jim, Ruddy, Davies, Ellie, Sathe, Sonia, Dennis, Catherine, McGregor, Alastair, Parris, Victoria, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Mascarenhas, Mairi, Donaldson, Avril, Matheson, Joanna, Barrett, Fiona, O'Hara, Marianne, Okeefe, Laura, Bradley, Clare, Eastgate-Jackson, Christine, Filipe, Helder, Martin, Daniel, Maharajh, Amitaa, Garcia, Sara Mingo, Pakou, Glykeria, De Neef, Mark, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Akhtar, Muhmmad Nauman, Pearson, Sandra, Potoczna, Dorota, Spencer, Sue, Clapham, Melanie, Harper, Rosemary, Poultney, Una, Rice, Polly, Mutch, Rachel, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Hairsine, Brigid, McParland, Chantal, Packham, Sophie, Bi, Rehana, Scholefield, Barney, Ashton, Lydia, George, Linsha, Twiss, Sophie, Wright, David, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Netherton, Kimberley, Davies, Kim, O'Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Lewis, Tracy, Sutherland, Isobel, Burns, Karen, Ben Chandler, Dr, Elliott, Kerry, Mallinson, Janine, Turnbull, Alison, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, Bernard, Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Anderson, Taya, Hawcutt, Dan, O'Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Afolabi, Deborah, Whitbread, Jennifer, Jones, Dawn, Dore, Rachael, Halkes, Matthew, Mercer, Pauline, Thornton, Lorraine, Dawson, Joy, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tolson, Melanie, Aldridge, Jonathan, Kapoor, Ritoo, Loader, David, Castle, Karen, Humphreys, Sally, Tampsett, Ruth, Mackintosh, Katherine, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, North, Julie, Allibone, Suzanne, Genetu, Roman, Kasipandian, Vidya, Patel, Amit, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Mahjoob, Parisa, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Fagan, Andrew, Bemand, Thomas, Black, Ethel, Dela Rosa, Arnold, Howle, Ryan, Jhanji, Shaman, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Tatham, Kate Colette, Thomas, Benjamin, Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lee, Emma, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Taylor, Abigail, Hughes, Rachel Anne, Thomas, Helen, Rees, Alun, Duskova, Michaela, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Edwards, Michelle, Quaid, Sheena, Watson, Ekaterina, Brayne, Adam, Fisher, Emma, Hunt, Jane, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Love, Nicholas, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, Van Koutrik, Lynne, Carter, Sasha, Andrew, Benedict, Findlay, Louise, Adams, Katie, Service, Jen, Williams, Alison, Cheyne, Claire, Saunderson, Anne, Moultrie, Sam, Odam, Miranda, Hall, Kathryn, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Willis, Charlotte, Lyon, Alex, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Scherewode, Joslan, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tariq, Ambreen, Tucci, Arianna, Hobrok, Maria, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Benjamin, Gorman, Claire, Gupta, Abhinav, Timlick, Elizabeth, Brady, Rebecca, Milligan, Barry, Bellini, Arianna, Bryant, Jade, Mayer, Anton, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nicholas, Sowter, Jason, Howlett, Alex, Fidler, Katy, Tagliavini, Emma, Donnelly, Kevin, Boos, Jannik, van der Made, Caspar I., Ramakrishnan, Gayatri, Coughlan, Eamon, Asselta, Rosanna, Löscher, Britt-Sabina, Valenti, Luca V.C., de Cid, Rafael, Bujanda, Luis, Julià, Antonio, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, May, Sandra, Zametica, Berina, Heggemann, Julia, Albillos, Agustín, Banales, Jesus M., Barretina, Jordi, Blay, Natalia, Bonfanti, Paolo, Buti, Maria, Fernandez, Javier, Marsal, Sara, Prati, Daniele, Ronzoni, Luisa, Sacchi, Nicoletta, Schultze, Joachim L., Riess, Olaf, Franke, Andre, Rawlik, Konrad, Ellinghaus, David, Hoischen, Alexander, Schmidt, Axel, and Ludwig, Kerstin U.

Published
2024
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46. Introducing the Remote Mentoring of Undergraduate Research Students (ReMentURS) Workshop Series: Initial Evaluation and Plans for Wider Implementation

Author

Sargent, Elizabeth, Shaikh, Abid, Marriott, Karla Sue, Porter, Taysia, Cannon-Rech, Dawn N., and Landge, Shainaz M.

Abstract

The primary objective of the Remote Mentoring of Undergraduate Research Students (ReMentURS) workshop series is to design a remotely available professional development training that will provide rigorous research concept and skills introduction to incoming undergraduate research students. This pilot run eight-week remote learning workshop series includes digital presentations, informational videos, virtual demonstrations, and aligned comprehension checks to foster student mindsets towards becoming independent research scientists. Preliminary assessment of the of ReMentURS program reveals that participants self-report gaining a variety of skills through the series and are likely to use the content in their future course and research laboratories. ReMentURS material can be shared with any undergraduate student who is interested in joining a research group to familiarize them with basic research techniques. Student learning gains will continue to be evaluated throughout the series and this initial assessment will be used towards the betterment of the future workshops.

Published
2022

48. A Study on a User-Controlled Radial Tour for Variable Importance in High-Dimensional Data

Author

Spyrison, Nicholas, Cook, Dianne, and Marriott, Kim

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Principal component analysis is a long-standing go-to method for exploring multivariate data. The principal components are linear combinations of the original variables, ordered by descending variance. The first few components typically provide a good visual summary of the data. Tours also make linear projections of the original variables but offer many different views, like examining the data from different directions. The grand tour shows a smooth sequence of projections as an animation following interpolations between random target bases. The manual radial tour rotates the selected variable's contribution into and out of a projection. This allows the importance of the variable to structure in the projection to be assessed. This work describes a mixed-design user study evaluating the radial tour's efficacy compared with principal component analysis and the grand tour. A supervised classification task is assigned to participants who evaluate variable attribution of the separation between two classes. Their accuracy in assigning the variable importance is measured across various factors. Data were collected from 108 crowdsourced participants, who performed two trials with each visual for 648 trials in total. Mixed model regression finds strong evidence that the radial tour results in a large increase in accuracy over the alternatives. Participants also reported a preference for the radial tour in comparison to the other two methods., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables

Published
2022

49. Quantum Cosmology of the Nothing

Author

Marriott-Best, Alisha

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Quantum cosmology uses a wave function to model the universe, but finding solutions for this poses a problem as it is difficult to define the boundary conditions or identify the correct path for a path integral. We begin the discussion by going over various proposals and look at how bubble universe nucleation can be used as an analogy for the tunneling wave function. We review how the Hartle-Hawking wave function and tunneling wave functions are equivalent. This leads into how the transition between the decelerated and accelerated expansion is formulated as a bounce in connection space. This is done in a toy model Universe that contains only radiation and a cosmological constant $\Lambda$. The wave function is a superposition on an incident wave, a reflected wave, and an evanescent wave; when it is constructed from wave packets. Using the toy model, we introduce the new concept of the universe tunneling to a different classical region during this bounce in connection space. This concept is explored by deriving the wave function of the evanescent wave $\psi_{ev}$ in order to calculate $|\psi|^2$ to give an indication of the probability of the universe tunneling to another classical region., Comment: Submitted as dissertation for MSc

Published
2022

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