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Hydrops triangularis (Wagler, 1824) ���Cobra-d�����gua��� (Figs. 15.8 and 28.2) First record in the Caatinga. It was recorded only from the state of Maranh��o, municipality of Timon in the northwesterns borders of the Caatinga and contact with Cerrado and Amazonia. It is also distributed in the Amazon Forest and Cerrado regions (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Nogueira et al. 2010, 2011). We believe this species can be found in other areas of the Caatinga next to its contact with Cerrado. It is an aquatic snake that inhabits water bodies (Scartozzoni 2009). It is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds on fishes (Scartozzoni 2009)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150.","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Scartozzoni R. R. (2009) Estrategias reprodutivas e ecologia alimentar de serpentes aquaticas da tribo Hydropsini (Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae). Unpublished PhDThesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 160 pp."]}

Chironius exoletus (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Cobra-de-cip����� (Figs. 11.4 and 24.2) First record in the Caatinga. It is distributed in states of Cear��, Para��ba, Pernambuco, and Bahia. All records are in highlands with at least 500 m elevation. It is also recorded in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal (Marques et al. 2001, 2005; Nogueira et al. 2010, 2011). Several records inside Caatinga, including those in S��o Caitano range (Pernambuco) and Mata do Pau Ferro (Para��ba), are associated to forest enclaves and indicate that this species is a forest dweller. It has semi-arboreal habits, is diurnal, and feeds mostly on frogs (Marques et al. 2001, 2005)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375."]}

Chironius bicarinatus (Wied, 1820) ���Cobra-de-cip����� (Figs. 11.3 and 24.1) It was recorded in states of Cear��, Para��ba, Sergipe, and Bahia. It was found mostly in high altitudes (720 to 920 m elevation), with records in low altitudes only next to northeast Atlantic Forest (188 to 460 m elevation). It also occurs in Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pampas (Marques et al. 2001, 2005; B��rnils et al. 2008; Nogueira et al. 2011). It seems be restricted to forested areas in Caatinga, in highland forests on Cear�� and Para��ba States, and along the contact area with the Atlantic Forest. It has semi-arboreal habits, is diurnal, and feeds mostly on frogs (Marques et al. 2001)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Bernils, R. S., Giraudo, A. R., Carreira, S. & Cechin, S. Z. (2008) Repteis das porcoes subtropical e temperada da regiao Neotropical. Ciencia e Ambiente, 35, 101 - 136."]}

Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 ��� Jararaca ��� (Figs. 10.4 and 22.4) First record in the Caatinga. This species was recorded only in Bahia and Minas Gerais States. It occurs in altitudes of 440 to 630 m elevation, close to the Cerrado region, to which the species is considered endemic (Nogueira et al. 2011). It is the most conspicuous and widespread viperid snake of the Cerrado region (Melgarejo 2003, Nogueira et al. 2003). It is typical of gallery forests or adjacent riparian habitats in the Cerrado region (Nogueira et al. 2003). It has terrestrial habits, is nocturnal, and is a generalist feeder on vertebrate prey (Martins et al. 2002; Nogueira et al. 2003)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Melgarejo, A. (2003) Serpentes peconhentas do Brasil. In: Cardoso, J. L. C., Franca, F. O. S., Fan, H. W., Malaque, C. M. S. & Haddad, J. R. (Eds.), Animais peconhentos no Brasil. Sarvier, Sao Paulo, pp. 33 - 61.","Nogueira, C., Sawaya, R. J. & Martins, M. (2003) Ecology of the pitviper, Bothrops moojeni, in the Brazilian Cerrado. Journal of Herpetology, 37, 653 - 659. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1670 / 120 - 02 A"]}

Chironius carinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Cobra-de-cip����� (Fig. 24.1) It was recorded in states of Piau��, Cear��, Alagoas, and Bahia in Caatinga, in areas with low altitudes (up to 368 m elevation). It also occurs in Atlantic and Amazon forests (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Marques et al. 2001). Inside the Caatinga, the records are sparse but this species seems to occur in forested areas or in dense arboreal caatinga. Freitas and Silva (2007) comment the presence of this species in open areas of Sergipe State, but we cannot confirm these records because we found no voucher specimens for this area in scientific collections. It has semi-arboreal habits, is diurnal, and feeds mostly on frogs (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Freitas, M. A. & Silva, T. F. S. (2007) Guia ilustrado: A herpetofauna das Caatingas e areas de altitudes do nordeste brasileiro. USEB, Pelotas, 388 pp."]}

Erythrolamprus viridis G��nther, 1862 ���Cobra-verde��� (Figs. 15.4 and 28.1) Caatinga endemic species. It is distributed in all states in the Caatinga. Most records are in low altitudes, with a few exceeding 500 m elevation in mountain ranges of the Cear�� State. It inhabits all kinds of Caatinga vegetation. The species has terrestrial habits, is diurnal, and feeds on frogs (Vanzolini et al. 1980; Guedes 2006)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Vanzolini, P. E., Costa, A. M. M. R & Vitt, L. J. (1980) Repteis das Caatingas. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 161 pp.","Guedes, T. B. (2006) Estrutura da comunidade de serpentes de uma area de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro. Unpublished MSThesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 76 pp."]}

Philodryas aestiva (Dum��ril, Bibron and Dum��ril, 1854) ���Cobra-de-cip��-verde��� (Figs. 17.2 and 29.4) Recorded only in Bahia State, municipality of Mucug��. This area is inside Diamantina Plateau, 980 m elevation. It is recorded in the Cerrado, Pampas, and highland grasslands of the Atlantic Forest (Marques et al. 2001; B��rnils et al. 2008; Nogueira et al. 2010, 2011). The area where this species occurs in Caatinga has a complex of phytophysiognomies including caatinga, cerrado, and moist forest vegetation (Junc�� et al. 2005; Freitas et al. 2012 a). Relatively common in open, grassland habitats in the Cerrado region (Arg��lo & Freitas 2002; Freitas & Silva 2007; Valdujo et al. 2009; Nogueira et al. 2010), and we believe it inhabits relictual, open, upland rocky savanna enclaves named campos rupestres in the Caatinga. The species has semi-arboreal habits, is diurnal, and feeds on frogs and lizards (Marques et al. 2001)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Bernils, R. S., Giraudo, A. R., Carreira, S. & Cechin, S. Z. (2008) Repteis das porcoes subtropical e temperada da regiao Neotropical. Ciencia e Ambiente, 35, 101 - 136.","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Freitas, M. A., Verissimo, D. & Uhlig, V. (2012 a) Squamate reptiles of the central Chapada Diamantina, with focus on the municipality of Mucuge, State of Bahia, Brazil. Check List, 8, 16 - 22.","Argolo, A. J. S. & Freitas M. A. (2002) Geographic distribution: Philodryas aestivus. Herpetological Review, 33, 229 - 230.","Freitas, M. A. & Silva, T. F. S. (2007) Guia ilustrado: A herpetofauna das Caatingas e areas de altitudes do nordeste brasileiro. USEB, Pelotas, 388 pp.","Valdujo, P. H., Nogueira, C. D. C., Baumgarten, L., Rodrigues, F. H. G., Brandao, R. A., Eterovic, A., Ramos-Neto, M. B. & Marques, O. A. V. (2009) Squamate reptiles from Parque Nacional das Emas and surroundings, Cerrado of Central Brazil. Checklist, 5, 405 - 417."]}

Dendrophidion atlantica (Freire, Caramaschi and Gon��alves, 2010) (Fig. 24.3) First record in the Caatinga. It was recorded in Alagoas State on municipalities of S��o Miguel dos Campos and Quebrangulo, around 370 m elevation. These localities are next to the Atlantic Forest and close to the type-locality (Ibateguara, Alagoas; Freire et al. 2010). It possibly occurs in contact areas between caatinga vegetation and Atlantic Forest, or forested enclaves in marginal areas of the Caatinga. It has terrestrial habits, is diurnal, and mostly feeds on frogs (Freire et al. 2010)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Freire, E. M. X., Caramaschi, U. & Goncalves, U. (2010) A new species of Dendrophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 2719, 62 - 68."]}

Anilius scytale (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Falsa-coral��� (Figs. 8.1 and 21.1) The single record of this species for the Caatinga region is in the municipality of Crato, Araripe Plateau, Cear�� State, 426 m elevation. It is widely distributed in Amazonia (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Maschio et al. 2010), with marginal records in the northern portion of the Cerrado region (Nogueira et al. 2010, 2011). We have no information on habitat use in the Caatinga, but this snake is a typical of humid, wet forested areas in Amazonia (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Maschio et al. 2010), extending through gallery forests in the northern portion of the Cerrado (Nogueira et al. 2010, 2011). Thus, this species would be probably associated with relictual humid forest enclaves within Caatinga highlands, as mentioned by Ribeiro et al. (2012). The species has fossorial habits, is nocturnal and diurnal, and feeds mostly on elongated vertebrates (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Maschio et al. 2010)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150.","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Ribeiro, S. C., Roberto, I. J., Sales, D. L., Avila, R. W. & Almeida, W. O. (2012) Amphibians and reptiles from the Araripe bioregion northeastern Brazil. Salamandra, 48, 133 - 146."]}

Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Cobra-d�����gua��� (Figs. 15.5 and 28.2) It was recorded in the states of Piau��, Cear��, Para��ba, and Sergipe. The records in Caatinga are in low altitudes (up to 560 m elevation). This species also occurs in the Amazon Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal regions (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Marques et al. 2005; Nogueira et al. 2010). It inhabits arboreal and bush caatinga next to the eastern Atlantic Forest and relictual moist forests in highland areas. As other congeneric species, it is an aquatic snake and consequently, its distribution is determined by the presence of water bodies and dependent on the dranage system (see Rodrigues 2005). It is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds mostly on frogs and fishes (Marques et al. 2005; Scartozzoni 2009)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Rodrigues, M. T. (2005) Herpetofauna da Caatinga. In: Leal, I. R., Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J. M. C. (Eds.), Ecologia e Conservacao da Caatinga. Ed. Universitaria da UFPE, Recife, pp. 182 - 236.","Scartozzoni R. R. (2009) Estrategias reprodutivas e ecologia alimentar de serpentes aquaticas da tribo Hydropsini (Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae). Unpublished PhDThesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 160 pp."]}

Tantilla melanocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs. 13.2 and 26.1) Recorded in all states of the Caatinga, except Rio Grande do Norte, probably as a result of sampling gaps. It was found in low and high altitudes (up to 1000 m elevation). Besides the Caatinga, it is widely distributed in Atlantic Forest, Amazon Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal, and Pampas (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Str��ssmann & Sazima 1993; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Cechin 1999; Marques et al. 2001; Lema 2002 a; Arg��lo 2004; Colli 2005; Marques et al. 2005; Marques et al. 2005; B��rnils et al. 2008; Sawaya et al. 2008; Nogueira et al. 2010; Zaher et al. 2011). This species was recorded in interfluvial savannas, in the Cerrado (Sawaya et al. 2008; Recoder et al. 2011). Inside Caatinga, It seems be found on all kinds of vegetation described in this study. It has terrestrial habits, is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds on chilopods (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Arg��lo 2004; Marques et al. 2005; Sawaya et al. 2008)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Strussmannn, C. & Sazima, I. (1993) The snake assemblage of the Pantanal at Pocone, western Brazil: faunal composition and ecological summary. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 28, 157 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650529309360900","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150.","Cechin, S. T. Z. (1999) Historia natural de uma comunidade de serpentes na regiao da Depressao Central (Santa Maria), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Unpublished PhDThesis, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 67 pp.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Lema, T. D. (2002 a) Os repteis do Rio Grande do Sul: atuais e fosseis, biogeografia e ofidismo. Editora da Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 485 pp.","Argolo, A. J. S. (2004) As serpentes dos cacauais do Sudeste da Bahia. Ed. UESC, Ilheus, 260 pp.","Colli, G. R. (2005) As origens e diversificacao da herpetofauna do Cerrado. In: Scariot, A., Sousa-Silva, J. C. & Felfili, J. M. (Eds.), Biodiversidade, Ecologia e Conservacao do Cerrado. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brasilia, pp. 247 - 264","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Bernils, R. S., Giraudo, A. R., Carreira, S. & Cechin, S. Z. (2008) Repteis das porcoes subtropical e temperada da regiao Neotropical. Ciencia e Ambiente, 35, 101 - 136.","Sawaya, R. J., Marques, O. A. V. & Martins, M. (2008) Composition and natural history of a Cerrado snake assemblage at Itirapina, Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 8, 127 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000200015","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Recoder, R., Teixeira Junior, M., Camacho, A., Nunes, P. M. S., Mott, T., Valdujo, P. H., Guellere, J. M. & Rodrigues, M. T. (2011) Repteis da Estacao Ecologica Serra Geral do Tocantins, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica, 11, 263 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000100026"]}

Apostolepis cearensis Gomes, 1915 ���Cobra-de-ferr��o, cobra-rainha��� (Figs. 13.6 and 26.2) Caatinga endemic species. It has a wide range in the Caatinga, including the states of Piau��, Cear��, Para��ba, Alagoas, and Bahia. Most records are in lowlands, covered with semi-arid Caatinga, with a few isolated records in higher areas. Not recorded in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco, perhaps as a result of sampling gaps. It inhabits herbaceous, bushy and arboreal caatinga, and moist forest with sandy soils. It is the most common species of the genus in the Caatinga. It has fossorial and psammophylous habits, is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds on elongated vertebrates (Ferrarezzi et al. 2005)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Ferrarezzi, H., Barbo, F. E. & Albuquerque, C. E. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of a new species of Apostolepis from Brazilian cerrado with notes on the assimilis group (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 45, 215 - 229. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0031 - 10492005001600001"]}

Rodriguesophis chui Rodrigues, 1993 (Figs. 18.2 and 31.1) Caatinga endemic species. It is known only from the type-locality, Santo In��cio village in municipality of Gentio do Ouro, Bahia State. The area has 475 m elevation. It has a restricted distribution on sandy dunes of the right bank of the S��o Francisco, covered with herbaceous and bushy caatinga on sandy soils (Rodrigues 1993). It has fossorial and psamophylous habits, is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds on lizards (Rodrigues 1993)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Rodrigues, M. T. (1993) Herpetofauna of paleoquaternary sand dunes of the middle Sao Francisco River: Bahia: Brazil. VI. Two new species of the Phimophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) with notes on the origin of psammophilic adaptations. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 38, 187 - 198."]}

Typhlops reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Cobra-cega��� (Figs. 8.8 and 21.3) The single record of this species in the Caatinga was obtained in state of Cear�� (Dixon & Hendricks 1979), municipality of Limoeiro do Norte, 30 m elevation. This area has arboreal caatinga, bushy caatinga, and herbaceous caatinga. It was also known in the Amazon Forest (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998). We have no information on habitat use in the Caatinga, but this snake is a typical of humid, wet forested areas in Amazonia (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Maschio et al. 2010). Thus, its ocurrence would be probably associated to relictual forested enclaves within Caatinga highlands. It has fossorial habits, is nocturnal and diurnal, and feeds mostly on arthropods (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Dixon & Hendricks 1979; Martins & Oliveira 1998)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Dixon, J. R. & Hendricks, F. S. (1979) The wormsnakes (Family: Typhlopidae) of the Neotropics, exclusive of the Antilles. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 173, 1 - 37.","Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150."]}

Bothrops erythromelas (Amaral, 1923) ���Jararaca-da-seca, jararaquinha��� (Figs. 9.8 and 22.3) Caatinga endemic species. It is the single endemic viperid in the Caatinga, being recorded throughout the region. Most records for this species are from low altitude areas, below 600 m elevation, on the semi-arid Caatinga. This is a conspicuous species found in arboreal, bushy, and herbaceous caatinga on yellow-red latosoils with inselbergs and rock outcrops. However, it can be found in contact areas with the northeastern Atlantic Forest, in the states of Rio Grande do Norte (Natal urban area), Para��ba (Jo��o Pessoa arban area), Pernambuco (Torre Madalena), and Bahia (Itaparica) (TBG pers. obs.) perhaps as a result of deforestation of these formerly forested areas. It has terrestrial habits, is nocturnal, and feeds on vertebrates and invertebrates (Vanzolini et al. 1980; Vitt & Vangilder 1983; Martins et al. 2002; Guedes 2006)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Vanzolini, P. E., Costa, A. M. M. R & Vitt, L. J. (1980) Repteis das Caatingas. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 161 pp.","Vitt, L. J. & Vangilder, L. D. (1983) Ecology of a snake community in Northeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia, 4, 273 - 296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853883 X 00148","Guedes, T. B. (2006) Estrutura da comunidade de serpentes de uma area de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro. Unpublished MSThesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 76 pp."]}

Micrurus sp. (Merrem, 1820) “Cobra-de-coral, Coral-da-legítima” (Figs. 11.2 and 23.4) Caatinga endemic species. It was recorded in all states in the Caatinga, being the most abundant and widespread coral snake in this region. It was called Micrurus ibiboboca by Vanzolini et al. (1980), but they raise the possibility that specimens collected in the semi-arid Caatinga belong to an undescribed new species. It does not fit the original description proposed by Merrem (1820). It is distributed in all phytophysiognomies described for the Caatinga in this work, from sea level to 800 m elevation. It has fossorial habits, is nocturnal and diurnal, and feeds mostly on elongated vertebrates (Vanzolini et al. 1980; Vitt & Vangilder 1983; Argôlo 2004).

Leptodeira annulata (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Jararaquinha, dormideira, Jararaca-de-tabuleiro��� (Figs. 16.2 and 28.4) It was recorded in all portions of the Caatinga. We have no records in Pernambuco State and central portion of Bahia State, perhaps due to sampling gaps. It inhabits low and high altitudes (sea level to 1,100 m elevation). It is widely distributed in Atlantic Forest, Amazon Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal regions (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Marques et al. 2001; Arg��lo 2004; Marques et al. 2005; Nogueira et al. 2010). Recoder et al. (2011) reported the occurrence of this species only in riparian forest inside Cerrado. Inside Caatinga, It can be found on arboreal and bushy vegetation in dry or moist forests and in rocky savanna vegetation known as campo rupestres in the Chapada Diamantina highlands with a strong Cerrado influence, in Bahia State (Junc�� 2005). It has semi-arboreal habits, is nocturnal, and feeds on frogs (Marques et al. 2001; Arg��lo 2004; Guedes 2006)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Argolo, A. J. S. (2004) As serpentes dos cacauais do Sudeste da Bahia. Ed. UESC, Ilheus, 260 pp.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Recoder, R., Teixeira Junior, M., Camacho, A., Nunes, P. M. S., Mott, T., Valdujo, P. H., Guellere, J. M. & Rodrigues, M. T. (2011) Repteis da Estacao Ecologica Serra Geral do Tocantins, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica, 11, 263 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000100026","Guedes, T. B. (2006) Estrutura da comunidade de serpentes de uma area de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro. Unpublished MSThesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 76 pp."]}

Lygophis paucidens (Hoge, 1853) ���Cobra-de-cadar��o��� (Figs. 16.4 and 29.1) First record in the Caatinga. Recorded only in three localities, in the states of Piau�� and Bahia, in altitudes up to 500 m elevation. It is found mostly in open savannas and grasslands on sandy soils, and is considered a Cerrado endemic snake (Nogueira et al. 2010, 2011). It probably occurs in areas with relictual cerrado enclaves, including those in uplands of the Chapada Diamantina complex. It has terrestrial habits, is diurnal, and feeds on frogs and lizards (Dixon 1989)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Dixon, J. R. (1989) A key and checklist to the Neotropical snake genus Liophis with country lists and maps. Smithsonian Herpetological Information, 79, 1 - 39. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 23317515.79.1"]}

Apostolepis sp. (Fig. 26.3) The single two specimens were recorded in Bahia State, municipality of Po����es. The area is an isolated highland, with altitude up to 760 m elevation. We have no information about the specific habitat where this species can be found. We believe that it occurs in sandy soils as other species of the genus. As other congeneric species, it seems to be fossorial, diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds on elongated vertebrates., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111

Apostolepis arenaria Rodrigues, 1992 (Figs. 13.4 and 26.3) Caatinga endemic species. This species is recorded only to the type-locality, Alagoado village, municipality of Casa Nova, state of Bahia. This is a lowland locality (ca. 400 m elevation) on the western banks of the S��o Francisco river channel. It was recorded only in herbaceous and bushy caatinga with dunes and sandy soils (Rodrigues 1992). It has fossorial and psammophylous habits, is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds on elongated vertebrates (Rodrigues 1992)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Rodrigues, M. T. (1992) Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio Sao Francisco: Bahia: Brasil. V. Duas novas especies de Apostolepis (Ophidia, Colubridae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 54, 53 - 59."]}

Atractus ronnie Passos, Fernandes and Borges-Nojosa, 2007 (Figs. 14.2 and 26.4) Caatinga endemic species. Recorded only to Cear�� State in Baturit�� and Ibiapaba-Araripe ranges. These localities are situated in isolated plateaus above 600 m elevation. The available records indicate that it inhabits moist, relictual slope forest in Caatinga (Passos et al. 2007; Loebmann et al. 2009; Passos et al. 2010; Loebmann & Haddad 2010). It has cryptozoic and fossorial habits, is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds mostly on earthworms (Passos et al. 2010)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Passos, P., Fernandes, D. & Borges-Nojosa, D. M. (2007) New Species of Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) from a Relictual Forest in Northeastern Brazil. Copeia, 4, 788 - 797. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / 0045 - 8511 (2007) 7 [788: ANSOAS] 2.0. CO; 2","Passos, P., Fernandes, R., Bernils, R. & Moura-Leite, J. (2010) Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa, 2364, 1 - 63.","Loebmann, D. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2010) Amphibians and reptiles from a highly diverse area of the Caatinga domain: composition and conservation implications. Biota Neotropica, 10, 227 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032010000300026"]}

Tropidodryas striaticeps (Cope, 1869) (Figs. 20.1 and 32.3) Recorded in the states Bahia and Minas Gerais. It is distributed from lower areas below 500 m in Atlantic Forest contact to highlands on the eastern portion of the Caatinga. It is also recorded in the Atlantic Forest region (Guedes & Marques 2011). It apparently inhabits arboreal and bushy caatinga (semi-arid lowands) to humid forest next to Atlantic Forest and in relictual highland forests (Handam & Lira-da-Silva 2007; Guedes & Marques 2011). It was said to occur in cerrado and arboreal caatinga in highlands of the Diamantina Plateau (Freitas & Silva 2007). It has semi-arboreal habits, is diurnal and feeds on lizards and mammals (Marques et al. 2001)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Freitas, M. A. & Silva, T. F. S. (2007) Guia ilustrado: A herpetofauna das Caatingas e areas de altitudes do nordeste brasileiro. USEB, Pelotas, 388 pp.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp."]}

Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) ���Cip��-bicuda��� (Figs. 12.5 and 25.3) Distributed in all regions of the Caatinga and was recorded in high and low altitudes (between 0 and 1,100 m elevation). It is also widely distributed in Atlantic Forest, Amazon Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal (Cunha & Nascimento 1978; Str��ssmann & Sazima 1993; Martins & Oliveira 1998; Marques et al. 2001; Arg��lo 2004; Marques et al. 2005; Marques et al. 2005; Sawaya et al. 2008; Nogueira et al. 2010; Zaher et al. 2011). This species was abundant on grasslands on sandy soils in the Cerrado (Recoder et al. 2011, CN pers. obs.), but inside Caatinga it is widespread, abundant, and inhabits all kinds of vegetation types described for Caatinga, from areas with arboreal Caatinga to bushy and open, herbaceous areas (TBG pers. obs.). The species has arboreal habits, is diurnal, and feeds on vertebrates (Marques et al. 2005)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Cunha, O. R. & Nascimento, F. P. (1978) Ofidios da Amazonia X - As cobras da regiao leste do Para. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 31, 1 - 218.","Strussmannn, C. & Sazima, I. (1993) The snake assemblage of the Pantanal at Pocone, western Brazil: faunal composition and ecological summary. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 28, 157 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650529309360900","Martins, M. & Oliveira, E. (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests in Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History, 6, 78 - 150.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Argolo, A. J. S. (2004) As serpentes dos cacauais do Sudeste da Bahia. Ed. UESC, Ilheus, 260 pp.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Sawaya, R. J., Marques, O. A. V. & Martins, M. (2008) Composition and natural history of a Cerrado snake assemblage at Itirapina, Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 8, 127 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000200015","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Recoder, R., Teixeira Junior, M., Camacho, A., Nunes, P. M. S., Mott, T., Valdujo, P. H., Guellere, J. M. & Rodrigues, M. T. (2011) Repteis da Estacao Ecologica Serra Geral do Tocantins, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica, 11, 263 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000100026"]}

Typhlops amoipira Rodrigues and Junc��, 2002 ���Cobra-cega��� (Figs. 8.6 and 21.3) Caatinga endemic species. Known from only two records, in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. It is distributed in areas with between 553 and 629 m elevation. Inhabits bushy and herbaceous caatinga with bromeliads and clumps of grasses on sandy soils (Rodrigues & Junc�� 2002), along the S��o Francisco sandy dunes. It also occurs in cerrado sensu stricto with sandy soils, dissected by veredas and riparian forests (Fernandes et al. 2010). It has fossorial and psammophylous habits, is nocturnal and diurnal, and feeds mostly on arthropods (Rodrigues & Junc�� 2002)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Rodrigues, M. T. & Junca, F. A. (2002) Herpetofauna of the Quaternary sand dunes of the middle rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, Brazil. VII Typhlops amoipira sp. nov., a possible relative of Typhlops yonenage (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 42, 325 - 333. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0031 - 10492002001300001"]}

Erythrolamprus maryellenae Dixon, 1985 (Figs. 14.7 and 27.2) Recorded at a single locality in the Diamantina Plateau, municipality of Mucug��, Bahia State, 983 m elevation. It was previously known only in the Cerrado region and is considered endemic to this domain, found mostly in riparian, open areas (Nogueira et al. 2010). Its presence in our study region seems to be restricted to campos rupestres and other cerrado associated grasslands in isolated highlands inside the Caatinga. It has terrestrial and semi aquatic habits, is diurnal, and feeds on vertebrates (Dixon 1989, Fran��a et al. 2008)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375.","Dixon, J. R. (1989) A key and checklist to the Neotropical snake genus Liophis with country lists and maps. Smithsonian Herpetological Information, 79, 1 - 39. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 23317515.79.1"]}

Phimophis guerini (Dum��ril, Bibron and Dum��ril, 1854) (Figs. 17.7 and 30.3) Recorded in the states of Piau�� and Bahia. It can be found on low and high altitudes (sea level to 830 m elevation). It is widespread in the Cerrado, Pampas, and Pantanal (Marques et al. 2005; B��rnils et al. 2008; Nogueira et al. 2010), occurring in open habitats such as grasslands and savannas (Nogueira et al. 2011). Probably associated with latosoil areas (CN pers. obs.) with caatinga and cerrado vegetation cover inside Caatinga. It has fossorial habits, is nocturnal, and feeds on lizards and mammals (Marques et al. 2005)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Bernils, R. S., Giraudo, A. R., Carreira, S. & Cechin, S. Z. (2008) Repteis das porcoes subtropical e temperada da regiao Neotropical. Ciencia e Ambiente, 35, 101 - 136.","Nogueira, C., Colli, G. R., Costa, G. & Machado, R. B. (2010) Diversidade de repteis Squamata e evolucao do conhecimento faunistico no Cerrado. In: Diniz, I. R., Marinho-Filho, J., Machado, R. B. & Cavalcanti, R. B. (Eds.), Cerrado: conhecimento cientifico quantitativo como subsidio para acoes de conservacao. Editora UNB, Brasilia, pp. 333 - 375."]}

Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824) ��� Jararaca ��� (Figs. 10.1 and 22.4) It was only recorded in high altitude areas (532 to 1,027 m elevation), in, the municipalities of Ibicoara, Palmeiras, Miguel Calmon, and Mucug��, Bahia State (Handam et al. 2007; Freitas et al. 2012 a). These localities are all inside the Diamantina Plateau complex. It is also recorded on the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and the Pantanal (Str��ssmann & Sazima 1993; Marques et al. 2001; Arg��lo 2004; Marques et al. 2005; Sawaya et al. 2008). We have no information on habitat use of this snake in Caatinga, but it is probably associated to forested areas as observed throughout its range (Marques et al. 2001; Marques et al. 2005; Barbo et al. 2011; Zaher et al. 2011). It has terrestrial to semi-arboreal habits, is nocturnal, and has a generalist diet, dominated by a wide range of vertebrates (Marques et al. 2001; Martins et al. 2002)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Freitas, M. A., Verissimo, D. & Uhlig, V. (2012 a) Squamate reptiles of the central Chapada Diamantina, with focus on the municipality of Mucuge, State of Bahia, Brazil. Check List, 8, 16 - 22.","Strussmannn, C. & Sazima, I. (1993) The snake assemblage of the Pantanal at Pocone, western Brazil: faunal composition and ecological summary. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 28, 157 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650529309360900","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2001) Serpentes da Mata Atlantica: Guia Ilustrado para a Serra do Mar. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Argolo, A. J. S. (2004) As serpentes dos cacauais do Sudeste da Bahia. Ed. UESC, Ilheus, 260 pp.","Marques, O. A. V., Eterovic, A., Strussmann, C. & Sazima, I. (2005) Serpentes do Pantanal: Guia ilustrado. Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 184 pp.","Sawaya, R. J., Marques, O. A. V. & Martins, M. (2008) Composition and natural history of a Cerrado snake assemblage at Itirapina, Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 8, 127 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000200015"]}

Rodriguesophis scriptorcibatus Rodrigues, 1993 (Figs. 18.4 and 31.1) Caatinga endemic species. Known only from the type-locality Ibiraba village municipality of Barra, in Bahia State, on the left bank of the S��o Francisco river, 410 m elevation. It was recorded in an area covered with on herbaceous and bushy caatinga on sandy soils (Rodrigues 1993). It has fossorial and psamophylous habits, is diurnal and nocturnal, and feeds on lizards (Rodrigues 1993)., Published as part of Guedes, Tha��s B., Nogueira, Cristiano & Marques, Otavio A. V., 2014, Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3863 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3863.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287111, {"references":["Rodrigues, M. T. (1993) Herpetofauna of paleoquaternary sand dunes of the middle Sao Francisco River: Bahia: Brazil. VI. Two new species of the Phimophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) with notes on the origin of psammophilic adaptations. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 38, 187 - 198."]}