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1. The Lyman $\alpha$ Reference Sample XIV: Lyman $\alpha$ imaging of 45 low redshift star-forming galaxies and inferences on global emission

Author: Melinder, Jens, Östlin, Göran, Hayes, Matthew, Rasekh, Armin, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Cannon, John M., Kunth, Daniel, Laursen, Peter, Runnholm, Axel, Herenz, E. Christian, Messa, Matteo, Schaerer, Daniel, Verhamme, Anne, Rivera-Thorsen, T. Emil, Guaita, Lucia, Marquart, Thomas, Puschnig, Johannes, Reste, Alexandra Le, Sandberg, Andreas, Freeland, Emily, and Bridge, Joanna
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present Ly $\alpha$ imaging of 45 low redshift star-forming galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. The galaxies have been selected to have moderate to high star formation rates using far-ultraviolet (FUV) luminosity and \ha equivalent width criteria, but no constraints on Ly $\alpha$ luminosity. We employ a pixel stellar continuum fitting code to obtain accurate continuum subtracted Ly $\alpha$, H $\alpha$ and H $\beta$ maps. We find that Ly $\alpha$ is less concentrated than FUV and optical line emission in almost all galaxies with significant Ly $\alpha$ emission. We present global measurements of Ly $\alpha$ and other quantities measured in apertures designed to capture all of the Ly $\alpha$ emission. We then show how the escape fraction of Ly $\alpha$ relates to a number of other measured quantities (mass, metallicity, star formation, ionisation parameter, and extinction). We find that the escape fraction is strongly anti-correlated with nebular and stellar extinction, weakly anti-correlated with stellar mass, but no conclusive evidence for correlations with other quantities. We show that Ly $\alpha$ escape fractions are inconsistent with common dust extinction laws, and discuss how a combination of radiative transfer effects and clumpy dust models can help resolve the discrepancies. We present a star formation rate calibration based on Ly $\alpha$ luminosity, where the equivalent width of Ly $\alpha$ is used to correct for non-unity escape fraction, and show that this relation provides a reasonably accurate SFR estimate. We also show stacked growth curves of Ly $\alpha$ for the galaxies that can be used to find aperture loss fractions at a given physical radius., Comment: 48 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Multipanel figures for all 45 galaxies will be available in the online version of the published paper (and here: https://stockholmuniversity.box.com/s/ghvnvjyhxts64hpbqh90uwcj5dlczlhm ). Data products will be available as a MAST HLSP soon (placeholder DOI: 10.17909/pbe1-m743)
Published: 2023
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2. HIRES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT

Author: Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Manuel, Adibekyan, Vardan, Aliverti, Matteo, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Amado, Pedro J., Amate, Manuel, Artigau, Etienne, Augusto, Sergio R., Barros, Susana, Becerril, Santiago, Benneke, Bjorn, Bergin, Edwin, Berio, Philippe, Bezawada, Naidu, Boisse, Isabelle, Bonfils, Xavier, Bouchy, Francois, Broeg, Christopher, Cabral, Alexandre, Calvo-Ortega, Rocio, Martins, Bruno Leonardo Canto, Chazelas, Bruno, Chiavassa, Andrea, Christensen, Lise B., Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Cristiani, Stefano, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Cupani, Guido, Leao, Izan de Castro, de Medeiros, Jose Renan, de Souza, Marco Antonio Furlan, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Di Varano, Igor, D'Odorico, Valentina, Doyon, Rene, Drass, Holger, Figueira, Pedro, Fragoso, Ana Belen, Fynbo, Johan Peter Uldall, Gallo, Elena, Genoni, Matteo, Hernandez, Jonay I. Gonzalez, Haehnelt, Martin, Larrondo, Julie Hlavacek, Hughes, Ian, Huke, Philipp, Humphrey, Andrew, Kjeldsen, Hans, Korn, Andreas, Kouach, Driss, Landoni, Marco, Liske, Jochen, Lovis, Christophe, Lunney, David, Maiolino, Roberto, Malo, Lison, Marquart, Thomas, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Mason, Elena, Monnier, John, Monteiro, Manuel A., Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Tim, Murray, Graham J., Niedzielski, Andrzej, Nunes, Nelson, Oliva, Ernesto, Origlia, Livia, Palle, Enric, Pariani, Giorgio, Parr-Burman, Phil, Penate, Jose, Pepe, Francesco, Pinna, Enrico, Piskunov, Nikolai, Rasilla, Jose Luis, Rees, Phil, Rebolo, Rafael, Reiners, Ansgar, Riva, Marco, Rousseau, Sylvain, Sanna, Nicoletta, Santos, Nuno C., Sarajlic, Mirsad, Shen, Tzu-Chiang, Sortino, Francesca, Sosnowska, Danuta, Sousa, Sergio, Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, Klaus G., Tenegi, Fabio, Tozzi, Andrea, Udry, Stephane, Valenziano, Luca, Vanzi, Leonardo, Weber, Michael, Woche, Manfred, Xompero, Marco, Zackrisson, Erik, and Osorio, Maria Rosa Zapatero
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: HIRES will be the high-resolution spectrograph of the European Extremely Large Telescope at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. It consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs providing a wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mic (goal 0.35-1.8 mic) at a spectral resolution of ~100,000. The fibre-feeding allows HIRES to have several, interchangeable observing modes including a SCAO module and a small diffraction-limited IFU in the NIR. Therefore, it will be able to operate both in seeing and diffraction-limited modes. ELT-HIRES has a wide range of science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Some of the top science cases will be the detection of bio signatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars (PopIII), tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The HIRES consortium is composed of more than 30 institutes from 14 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers., Comment: to appear in the ESO Messenger No.182, December 2020
Published: 2020
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3. Optimal extraction of echelle spectra: getting the most from observations

Author: Piskunov, Nikolai, Wehrhahn, Ansgar, and Marquart, Thomas
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The price of instruments and observing time on modern telescopes is quickly increasing with the size of the primary mirror. Therefore, it is worth revisiting the data reduction algorithms to extract every bit of scientific information from observations. Echelle spectrographs are typical instruments in high-resolution spectroscopy, but attempts to improve the wavelength coverage and versatility of these instruments results in a complicated and variable footprint of the entrance slit projection onto the science detector. Traditional spectral extraction methods fail to perform a truly optimal extraction, when the slit image is not aligned with the detector columns but instead is tilted or even curved. We here present the mathematical algorithms and examples of their application to the optimal extraction and the following reduction steps for echelle spectrometers equipped with an entrance slit, that is imaged with various distortions, such as variable tilt and curvature. The new method minimizes the loss of spectral resolution, maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio, and efficiently identifies local outliers. In addition to the new optimal extraction we present order splicing and a more robust continuum normalization algorithms. We have developed and implemented new algorithms that create a continuum-normalized spectrum. In the process we account for the (variable) tilt/curvature of the slit image on the detector and achieve optimal extraction without prior assumptions about the slit illumination. Thus the new method can handle arbitrary image slicers, slit scanning, and other observational techniques aimed at increasing the throughput or dynamic range. We compare our methods with other techniques for different instruments to illustrate superior performance of the new algorithms compared to commonly used procedures., Comment: 18 pages, 23 figures, PyReduce code available at https://github.com/AWehrhahn/PyReduce
Published: 2020
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4. Inside a VAMDC data node - Putting standards into practical software

Author: Regandell, Samuel, Marquart, Thomas, and Piskunov, Nikolai
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science - Software Engineering, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: Access to molecular and atomic data is critical for many forms of remote sensing analysis across different fields. Many atomic and molecular databases are however highly specialized for their intended application, complicating querying and combination data between sources. The Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre, VAMDC, is an electronic infrastructure that allows each database to register as a "node". Through services such as VAMDC's portal website, users can then access and query all nodes in a homogenized way. Today all major Atomic and Molecular databases are attached to VAMDC. This article describes the software tools we developed to help data providers create and manage a VAMDC node. It gives an overview of the VAMDC infrastructure and of the various standards it uses. The article then discusses the development choices made and how the standards are implemented in practice. It concludes with a full example of implementing a VAMDC node using a real-life case as well as future plans for the node software., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2018
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5. Exploring the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b

Author: Cont, D., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Lesjak, F., Czesla, S., Lavail, A., Reiners, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Hatzes, A., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Kochukhov, Oleg, Marquart, Thomas, Nagel, E., Rains, Adam, Rengel, M., Seemann, U., Shulyak, D., Cont, D., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Lesjak, F., Czesla, S., Lavail, A., Reiners, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Hatzes, A., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Kochukhov, Oleg, Marquart, Thomas, Nagel, E., Rains, Adam, Rengel, M., Seemann, U., and Shulyak, D.
Abstract: Despite recent progress in the spectroscopic characterization of individual exoplanets, the atmospheres of key ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) still lack comprehensive investigations. These include WASP-178b, one of the most irradiated UHJs known to date. We observed the dayside emission signal of this planet with CRIRES+ in the spectral K band. By applying the cross-correlation technique and a Bayesian retrieval framework to the high-resolution spectra, we identified the emission signature of 12CO (S/N = 8.9) and H2O (S/N = 4.9), and a strong atmospheric thermal inversion. A joint retrieval with space-based secondary eclipse measurements from TESS and CHEOPS allowed us to refine our results on the thermal profile and thus to constrain the atmospheric chemistry, yielding a solar to super-solar metallicity (1.4 ± 1.6 dex) and a solar C/O ratio (0.6 ± 0.2). We infer a significant excess of spectral line broadening and identify a slight Doppler-shift between the 12CO and H2O signals. These findings provide strong evidence for a super-rotating atmospheric flow pattern and suggest the possible existence of chemical inhomogeneities across the planetary dayside hemisphere. In addition, the inclusion of photometric data in our retrieval allows us to account for stellar light reflected by the planetary atmosphere, resulting in an upper limit on the geometric albedo (0.23). The successful characterization of WASP-178b’s atmosphere through a joint analysis of CRIRES+, TESS, and CHEOPS observations highlights the potential of combined studies with space- and ground-based instruments and represents a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.
Published: 2024
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6. Kinematics of Haro11 - the miniature Antennae

Author: Östlin, Göran, Marquart, Thomas, Cumming, Robert, Fathi, Kambiz, Bergvall, Nils, Adamo, Angela, Amram, Philippe, and Hayes, Matthew
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 85
Abstract: (abridged) Luminous blue compact galaxies are among the most active galaxies in the local universe in terms of their star formation rate per unit mass. They may be seen as the local analogs of higher redshift Lyman Break Galaxies. Studies of their kinematics is key to understanding what triggers their unusually active star formation In this work we investigate the kinematics of stars and ionised gas in Haro11, one of the most luminous blue compact galaxies in the local universe. Previous works have indicated that many such galaxies may be triggered by galaxy mergers. We have employed Fabry-Perot interferometry, long-slit spectroscopy and Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectroscopy to explore the kinematics of Haro11. We target the near infrared Calcium triplet to derive the stellar velocity field and velocity dispersion. Ionised gas is analysed through emission lines from hydrogen, [OIII] , and [SIII]. When spectral resolution and signal to noise allows we investigate the the line profile in detail and identify multiple velocity components when present. We find that to first order, the velocity field and velocity dispersions derived from stars and ionised gas agree. Hence the complexities reveal real dynamical disturbances providing further evidence for a merger in Haro11. Through decomposition of emission lines we find evidence for kinematically distinct components, for instance a tidal arm behind the galaxy. The ionised gas velocity field can be traced to large galactocentric radii, and shows significant velocity dispersion even far out in the halo. We discuss the origin of the line width, and interpreted as virial motions it indicates a mass of ~1E11 M_sun. Morphologically and kinematically Haro11 shows many resemblances with the famous Antennae galaxies, but is much denser which is the likely explanation for the higher star formation efficiency in Haro11., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2015
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7. Local starburst galaxies and their descendants

Author: Bergvall, Nils, Marquart, Thomas, Way, Michael J., Blomqvist, Anna, Holst, Emma, Östlin, Göran, and Zackrisson, Erik
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Despite strong interest in the starburst (hereafter SB) phenomenon, the concept remains ill-defined. We use a strict definition of SB to examine the statistical properties of local SB and post-starburst (hereafter PB) galaxies. We also seek relationships to active galaxies. Potential SB galaxies are selected from the SDSS DR7 and their stellar content is analysed. We apply an age dependent dust attenuation correction and derive star formation rates (SFR), ages and masses of the young and old populations. The photometric masses nicely agree with dynamical masses derived from the H-alpha emission line width. To select SB galaxies, we use the birthrate parameter b=SFR/, requiring b>=3. The PB sample is selected from the citerion EW(Hdelta_abs)>=6 A. Only 1% of star-forming galaxies are found to be SB galaxies. They contribute 3-6% to the stellar production and are therefore unimportant for the local star formation activity. The median SB age is 70 Myr, roughly independent of mass. The b-parameter strongly depends on burst age. Values close to b=60 are found at ages ~10 Myr, while almost no SBs are found at ages >1 Gyr. The median baryonic burst mass fraction of sub-L* galaxies is 5%, decreasing slowly with mass. The median mass fraction of the recent burst in the PB sample is 5-10%. The age-mass distribution of the progenitors of the PBs is bimodal with a break at log(M)~10.6 above which the ages are doubled. The SB and PB luminosity functions (hereafter LFs) follow each other closely until M_r~-21, when AGNs begin to dominate. The PB LF continues to follow the AGN LF while SB loose significance. This suggests that the number of luminous SBs is underestimated by about one dex at high luminosities, due to large amounts of dust and/or AGN blending. It also indicates that the SB phase preceded the AGN phase. We also discuss the conditions for global gas outflow caused by stellar feedback., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. This is an extended, substantially revised and corrected version with partly modified conclusions
Published: 2015
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8. The Lyman-alpha Reference Sample: I. Survey outline and first results for Markarian 259

Author: Östlin, Göran, Hayes, Matthew, Duval, Florent, Sandberg, Andreas, Rivera-Thorsen, Thoger, Marquart, Thomas, Orlitova, Ivana, Adamo, Angela, Melinder, Jens, Guaita, Lucia, Atek, Hakim, Cannon, John M., Gruyters, Pieter, Herenz, Edmund Christian, Kunth, Daniel, Laursen, Peter, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Micheva, Genoveva, Pardy, Hector Oti-Floranes Stephen A., Roth, Martin M., Schaerer, Daniel, and Verhamme, Anne
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Lyman-alpha reference sample (LARS) is a program with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that provides a sample of local universe laboratory galaxies in which to study the astrophysics of the visibility and strength of the Lyman-alpha (Lya) line of hydrogen. This article presents an overview of the survey, its selection function and HST imaging observations. The sample was selected from the GALEX+SDSS catalogue at z=0.028-0.19, in order to allow Lya to be captured with combinations of long pass filters in the Solar Blind Channel (SBC) of HST/ACS. In addition, LARS utilises Halpha and Hbeta narrow, and U, B, i broad-band imaging with ACS and WFC3. In order to study galaxies in which large numbers of Lya photons are produced we demanded an Halpha equivalent width > 100{\AA}. The sample of 14 galaxies covers far UV (FUV) luminosities that overlaps with those of high-z Lya emitters and Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs). We present the reduction steps used to obtain the Lya images, including our LARS eXtraction software (LaXs) which utilises pixel-by-pixel spectral synthesis fitting to subtract the continuum at Lya. We demonstrate that the use of SBC long pass filters dramatically increase the signal to noise compared to the nominal Lya filter in SBC. To exemplify, we present results for Mrk 259. This irregular galaxy shows extended but strongly asymmetric Lya emission. Spectroscopy from HST/COS show a moderate outflow in the neutral ISM and an asymmetric Lya profile. Radiative transfer modeling is able to reproduce the Lya line profile, confirming the presence of an outflow. The integrated photometry provides a Lya luminosity of 1.3E42 erg/s an equivalent width W(Lya) =45{\AA} and a FUV absolute magnitude -19.2. Mrk 259 would hence be detectable in high-z Lya and LBG surveys. The total Lya escape fraction is 12%, similar to that observed at z>4. (shortened), Comment: To appear in ApJ
Published: 2014
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9. Lyman continuum leaking galaxies - Search strategies and local candidates

Author: Bergvall, Nils, Leitet, Elisabet, Zackrisson, Erik, and Marquart, Thomas
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Star-forming dwarf galaxies leaking Lyman-continuum (LyC) radiation may have played an important role in the reionization of the Universe. Local galaxies exhibiting LyC leakage could shed light on the escape mechanisms, but so far only two such cases have been identified. Here we want to investigate whether the lack of local LyC emitters can be caused in part by biased selection criteria (e.g. strong H-alpha emission), and we present a novel method of selecting targets with high escape fractions. By applying these criteria, we assemble a sample of observation targets to study their basic properties. We introduce a new strategy where potential LyC leakers are selected by their blue colours and weak (instead of strong) emission lines. We take a closer look at 8 LyC leaking candidates at z ~ 0.03, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), which we observe with ESO/NTT in broadband B and H-alpha. We find that 7 of the 8 galaxies are involved in interaction with neighbours or show signs of mergers. In 7 cases the young stellar population is clearly displaced from the main body of the galaxies. Half of our targets show absorption spectra with post-starburst signatures. The scale lengths in H-alpha are typically 30% smaller than those of the stellar continua, indicating ram pressure stripping. We tentatively identify a few conditions favourable for leakage: 1) the combined effects of ram pressure stripping with supernova winds from young stars formed in the front, 2) merger events that increase the star formation rate and displace stars from gas, 3) starbursts in the centres of post-starburst galaxies, and 4) a low dust content., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2013
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10. Deep multiband surface photometry on star forming galaxies: II. A volume limited sample of 21 emission lines galaxies

Author: Micheva, Genoveva, Östlin, Göran, Zackrisson, Erik, Bergvall, Nils, Marquart, Thomas, Masegosa, Josefa, Marquez, Isabel, Cumming, Robert, and Durret, Florence
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present deep surface photometry of a volume--limited sample of 21 UM emission line galaxies in broadband optical UBVRI and near infra-red (NIR) HKs filters. The sample comprises 19 blue compact galaxies (BCGs) and two spirals. For some targets the exposure times are the deepest to date. For the BCG UM462 we observe a previously undetected second disk component beyond a surface brightness level of mu_B=26 mag arcsec^{-2}. This is a true low surface brightness component with central surface brightness mu_0=24.1 mag arcsec^{-2} and scale length h_r=1.5 kpc. All BCGs are dwarfs, with M_B>=-18, and very compact, with an average scale length of h_r~1 kpc. We separate the burst and host populations for each galaxy and compare them to stellar evolutionary models with and without nebular emission contribution. We also measure the A_{180} asymmetry in all filters and detect a shift from optical to NIR in the average asymmetry of the sample. This shift seems to be correlated with the morphological class of the BCGs. Using the color-asymmetry relation, we identify five BCGs in the sample as mergers, which is confirmed by their morphological class. Though clearly separated from normal galaxies in the concentration-asymmetry parameter space, we find that it is not possible to distinguish luminous starbursting BCGs from the merely star forming low luminosity BCGs., Comment: 48 pages, 39 figures, submitted
Published: 2012
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11. Deep multiband surface photometry on star forming galaxies: I. A sample of 24 blue compact galaxies

Author: Micheva, Genoveva, Östlin, Göran, Bergvall, Nils, Zackrisson, Erik, Masegosa, Josefa, Marquez, Isabel, Marquart, Thomas, and Durret, Florence
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: [Abridged] We present deep optical and near-infrared UBVRIHKs imaging data for 24 blue compact galaxies (BCGs). The sample contains luminous dwarf and intermediate-mass BCGs which are predominantly metal-poor, although a few have near-solar metallicities. We have analyzed isophotal and elliptical integration surface brightness and color profiles, extremely deep (mu_B<29 mag arcsec^{-2}) contour maps and RGB images for each galaxy in the sample. The colors are compared to different spectral evolutionary models. We detect extremely extended low surface brightness (LSB) components dominant beyond the Holmberg radius as well as optical bridges between companion galaxies at the mu_V~28th mag arcsec^{-2} isophotal level. The central surface brightness mu_0 and scale length h_r are derived from two radial ranges typically assumed to be dominated by the underlying host galaxy. We find that mu_0 and h_r of the BCGs host deviate from those of dwarf ellipticals (dE) and dwarf irregulars (dI) solely due to a strong burst contribution to the surface brightness profile almost down to the Holmberg radius. Structural parameters obtained from a fainter region, mu_B=26-28 mag arcsec^{-2}, are consistent with those of true LSB galaxies for the starbursting BCGs in our sample, and with dEs and dIs for the BCGs with less vigorous star formation., Comment: 61 pages, 45 figures, submitted
Published: 2012
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12. Implementation plans for the data reduction pipeline for METIS at the ELT

Author: Ibsen, Jorge, Chiozzi, Gianluca, Leschinski, Kieran, Buddelmeijer, Hugo, Czoske, Oliver, Otten, Gilles, Balaz, Martin, Haberhauer, Fabian, Karr, Jennifer, Kausch, Wolfgang, Marquart, Thomas, Sabha, Nadeen, Yan, Chi-Hung, Przybilla, Norbert, Wang, Shiang-Yu, and Zeilinger, Werner
Published: 2024
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13. Stellar kinematics in blue compact galaxies

Author: Cumming, Robert J., Östlin, Göran, Marquart, Thomas, Fathi, Kambiz, Bergvall, Nils, and Adamo, Angela
Subjects: Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: In a programme of observations of local luminous blue compact galaxies (BCGs), we are investigating kinematics by using tracers of both stars and ionized gas. Here we summarise our program and present new data on the local Lyman break galaxy analogue Haro 11. From spatially-resolved spectroscopy around the near-infrared Ca II triplet, we find that its stars and ionized gas have similar velocity fields. Our programme so far indicates however that emission line velocities can differ locally by a few tens of km/s from the Ca II values. Comparing our data to simple stellar population models, we assess which stellar population the Ca II triplet traces and its potential beyond the local universe., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the meeting "Star-forming Dwarf Galaxies: Ariadne's Thread in the Cosmic Labyrinth", Crete, 2008, eds P. Papaderos, N. Bergvall, T. Marquart and G. \"Ostlin
Published: 2009

14. Stellar dynamics of blue compact galaxies. II. Further indications of a merger in ESO 338-IG04

Author: Cumming, Robert J., Fathi, Kambiz, Östlin, Göran, Marquart, Thomas, Marquez, Isabel, Masegosa, Josefa, Bergvall, Nils, and Amram, Philippe
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: Luminous blue compact galaxies, common at z~1 but now relatively rare, show disturbed kinematics in emission lines. As part of a programme to understand their formation and evolution, we have investigated the stellar dynamics of a number of nearby objects in this class. We obtained long-slit spectra with VLT/FORS2 in the spectral region covering the near-infrared calcium triplet. In this paper we focus on the well-known luminous blue compact galaxy ESO 338-IG04 (Tololo 1924-416). A previous investigation, using Fabry-Perot interferometry, showed that this galaxy has a chaotic H-alpha velocity field, indicating that either the galaxy is not in dynamical equilibrium or that H-alpha does not trace the gravitational potential due to feedback from star formation. Along the apparent major axis, the stellar and ionised gas velocities for the most part follow each other. The chaotic velocity field must therefore be a sign that the young stellar population in ESO 338-IG04 is not in dynamical equilibrium. The most likely explanation, which is also supported by its morphology, is that the galaxy has experienced a merger and that this has triggered the current starburst. Summarising the results of our programme so far, we note that emission-line velocity fields are not always reliable tracers of stellar motions, and go on to assess the implications for kinematic studies of similar galaxies at intermediate redshift., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2007
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15. The starburst phenomenon from the optical/near-IR perspective

Author: Bergvall, Nils, Marquart, Thomas, Östlin, Göran, and Zackrisson, Erik
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: The optical/near-IR stellar continuum carries unique information about the stellar population in a galaxy, its mass function and star-formation history. Star-forming regions display rich emission-line spectra from which we can derive the dust and gas distribution, map velocity fields, metallicities and young massive stars and locate shocks and stellar winds. All this information is very useful in the dissection of the starburst phenomenon. We discuss a few of the advantages and limitations of observations in the optical/near-IR region and focus on some results. Special attention is given to the role of interactions and mergers and observations of the relatively dust-free starburst dwarfs. In the future we expect new and refined diagnostic tools to provide us with more detailed information about the IMF, strength and duration of the burst and its triggering mechanisms., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Starbursts: from 30 Doradus to Lyman Break Galaxies" 2005, eds. R. de Grijs and R. M. Gonzalez Delgado (Kluwer)
Published: 2004
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16. Can Microlensing Explain the Long-Term Optical Variability of Quasars?

Author: Zackrisson, Erik, Bergvall, Nils, Marquart, Thomas, and Helbig, Phillip
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: Although controversial, the scenario of microlensing as the dominant mechanism for the long-term optical variability of quasars does provide a natural explanation for both the statistical symmetry, achromaticity and lack of cosmological time dilation in quasar light curves. Here, we investigate to what extent dark matter populations of compact objects allowed in the currently favored Omega_M=0.3, Omega_Lambda=0.7 cosmology really can explain the quantitative statistical features of the observed variability. We find that microlensing reasonably well reproduces the average structure function of quasars, but fails to explain both the high fraction of objects with amplitudes higher than 0.35 magnitudes and the mean amplitudes observed at redshifts below one. Even though microlensing may still contribute to the long-term optical variability at some level, another significant mechanism must also be involved. This severely complicates the task of using light-curve statistics from quasars which are not multiply imaged to isolate properties of any cosmologically significant population of compact objects which may in fact be present., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2003
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17. The Lyα Reference Sample. XIV. Lyα Imaging of 45 Low-redshift Star-forming Galaxies and Inferences on Global Emission

Author: Melinder, Jens, primary, Östlin, Göran, additional, Hayes, Matthew, additional, Rasekh, Armin, additional, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, additional, Cannon, John M., additional, Kunth, Daniel, additional, Laursen, Peter, additional, Runnholm, Axel, additional, Herenz, E. Christian, additional, Messa, Matteo, additional, Schaerer, Daniel, additional, Verhamme, Anne, additional, Rivera-Thorsen, T. Emil, additional, Guaita, Lucia, additional, Marquart, Thomas, additional, Puschnig, Johannes, additional, Le Reste, Alexandra, additional, Sandberg, Andreas, additional, Freeland, Emily, additional, and Bridge, Joanna, additional
Published: 2023
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18. CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b

Author: Yan, F., Nortmann, L., Reiners, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Hatzes, A., Seemann, U., Shulyak, D., Lavail, Alexis, Rains, Adam, Cont, D., Rengel, M., Lesjak, F., Nagel, E., Kochukhov, Oleg, Czesla, S., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Heiter, Ulrike, Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, Thomas, Stempels, H. C., Yan, F., Nortmann, L., Reiners, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Hatzes, A., Seemann, U., Shulyak, D., Lavail, Alexis, Rains, Adam, Cont, D., Rengel, M., Lesjak, F., Nagel, E., Kochukhov, Oleg, Czesla, S., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Heiter, Ulrike, Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, Thomas, and Stempels, H. C.
Abstract: The dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected strong CO emission lines in both planets, which confirms the existence of temperature inversions on their dayside hemispheres. The two planets are the first UHJs orbiting F-type stars with CO emission lines detected; previous detections were mostly for UHJs orbiting A-type stars. Evidence of weak H2O emission signals is also found for both planets. We further applied forward-model retrievals on the detected CO lines and retrieved the temperature-pressure profiles along with the CO volume mixing ratios. The retrieved logarithmic CO mixing ratio of WASP-18b (-2.2(-1.5)(+1.4)) is slightly higher than the value predicted by the self-consistent model assuming solar abundance. For WASP-76b, the retrieved CO mixing ratio (-3.6(-1.6)(+1.8)) is broadly consistent with the value of solar abundance. In addition, we included the equatorial rotation velocity (upsilon(eq)) in the retrieval when analyzing the line profile broadening. The obtained upsilon(eq) is 7.0 +/- 2.9 km s(-1) for WASP-18b and 5.2(-3.0)(+2.5) km s(-1) for WASP-76b, which are consistent with the tidally locked rotational velocities.
Published: 2023
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19. Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES+

Author: Hahlin, Axel, Kochukhov, Oleg, Rains, Adam, Lavail, Alexis, Hatzes, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Guenther, E. W., Heiter, Ulrike, Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, Thomas, Stempels, H. C., Hahlin, Axel, Kochukhov, Oleg, Rains, Adam, Lavail, Alexis, Hatzes, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Guenther, E. W., Heiter, Ulrike, Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, Thomas, and Stempels, H. C.
Abstract: Aims: We aim to characterise the small-scale magnetic fields of a sample of 16 Sun-like stars and investigate the capabilities of the newly upgraded near-infrared (NIR) instrument CRIRES+ at the Very Large Telescope in the context of small-scale magnetic field studies. Our targets also had their magnetic fields studied with optical spectra, which allowed us to compare magnetic field properties at different spatial scales on the stellar surface and to contrast small-scale magnetic field measurements at different wavelengths. Methods: We analysed the Zeeman broadening signature for six magnetically sensitive and insensitive Fe I lines in the H-band to measure small-scale magnetic fields on the stellar surfaces of our sample. We used polarised radiative transfer modelling and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium departure coefficients in combination with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to determine magnetic field characteristics and non-magnetic stellar parameters. We used two different approaches to describe the small-scale magnetic fields. The first is a two-component model with a single magnetic region and a free magnetic field strength. The second model contains multiple magnetic components with fixed magnetic field strengths. Results: We found average magnetic field strengths ranging from & SIM;0.4 kG down to < 0.1 kG. The results align closely with other results from high-resolution NIR spectrographs, such as SPIRou. It appears that the typical magnetic field strength in the magnetic region is slightly stronger than 1.3 kG, and for most stars in our sample, this strength is between 1 and 2 kG. We also found that the small-scale fields correlate with the large-scale fields and that the small-scale fields are at least ten times stronger than the large-scale fields inferred with Zeeman Doppler imaging. The two- and multi-component models produce systematically different results, as the strong fields from the multi-component model increase the obtained mean m
Published: 2023
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20. CRIRES+ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope : Observing the Universe at infrared wavelengths and high spectral resolution

Author: Dorn, R. J., Bristow, P., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Lavail, Alexis, Accardo, M., van den Ancker, M., Baade, D., Baruffolo, A., Courtney-Barrer, B., Blanco, L., Brucalassi, A., Cumani, C., Follert, R., Haimerl, A., Hatzes, A., Haug, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, R., Hubin, N., Ives, D. J., Jung, Y., Jones, M., Kaeufl, H. -u., Kirchbauer, J. -p., Klein, B., Kochukhov, Oleg, Korhonen, H. H., Koehler, J., Lizon, J-l., Moins, C., Molina-Conde, I., Marquart, Thomas, Neeser, M., Oliva, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Paufique, J., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Schneller, D., Schmutzer, R., Seemann, U., Slumstrup, D., Smette, A., Stegmeier, J., Stempels, Eric, Tordo, S., Valenti, E., Valenzuela, J. J., Vernet, J., Vinther, J., Wehrhahn, Ansgar, Dorn, R. J., Bristow, P., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Lavail, Alexis, Accardo, M., van den Ancker, M., Baade, D., Baruffolo, A., Courtney-Barrer, B., Blanco, L., Brucalassi, A., Cumani, C., Follert, R., Haimerl, A., Hatzes, A., Haug, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, R., Hubin, N., Ives, D. J., Jung, Y., Jones, M., Kaeufl, H. -u., Kirchbauer, J. -p., Klein, B., Kochukhov, Oleg, Korhonen, H. H., Koehler, J., Lizon, J-l., Moins, C., Molina-Conde, I., Marquart, Thomas, Neeser, M., Oliva, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Paufique, J., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Schneller, D., Schmutzer, R., Seemann, U., Slumstrup, D., Smette, A., Stegmeier, J., Stempels, Eric, Tordo, S., Valenti, E., Valenzuela, J. J., Vernet, J., Vinther, J., and Wehrhahn, Ansgar
Abstract: The CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) Upgrade project CRIRES+ extended the capabilities of CRIRES. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by up to a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 mu m cutoff wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements, a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 at the beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remotely from Europe due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of the upgraded instrument and presents on sky results.
Published: 2023
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21. The Ly alpha Reference Sample. XIV. Ly alpha Imaging of 45 Low-redshift Star-forming Galaxies and Inferences on Global Emission

Author: Melinder, Jens, Ostlin, Goran, Hayes, Matthew, Rasekh, Armin, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Cannon, John M., Kunth, Daniel, Laursen, Peter, Runnholm, Axel, Herenz, E. Christian, Messa, Matteo, Schaerer, Daniel, Verhamme, Anne, Rivera-Thorsen, T. Emil, Guaita, Lucia, Marquart, Thomas, Puschnig, Johannes, Le Reste, Alexandra, Sandberg, Andreas, Freeland, Emily, Bridge, Joanna, Melinder, Jens, Ostlin, Goran, Hayes, Matthew, Rasekh, Armin, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Cannon, John M., Kunth, Daniel, Laursen, Peter, Runnholm, Axel, Herenz, E. Christian, Messa, Matteo, Schaerer, Daniel, Verhamme, Anne, Rivera-Thorsen, T. Emil, Guaita, Lucia, Marquart, Thomas, Puschnig, Johannes, Le Reste, Alexandra, Sandberg, Andreas, Freeland, Emily, and Bridge, Joanna
Abstract: We present Ly alpha imaging of 45 low-redshift star-forming galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. The galaxies have been selected to have moderate to high star formation rates (SFRs) using far-ultraviolet (FUV) luminosity and H alpha equivalent width criteria, but no constraints on Ly alpha luminosity. We employ a pixel stellar continuum fitting code to obtain accurate continuum-subtracted Ly alpha, H alpha, and H beta maps. We find that Ly alpha is less concentrated than FUV and optical line emission in almost all galaxies with significant Ly alpha emission. We present global measurements of Ly alpha and other quantities measured in apertures designed to capture all of the Ly alpha emission. We then show how the escape fraction of Ly alpha relates to a number of other measured quantities (mass, metallicity, star formation, ionization parameter, and extinction). We find that the escape fraction is strongly anticorrelated with nebular and stellar extinction, weakly anticorrelated with stellar mass, but no conclusive evidence for correlations with other quantities. We show that Ly alpha escape fractions are inconsistent with common dust extinction laws, and discuss how a combination of radiative transfer effects and clumpy dust models can help resolve the discrepancies. We present an SFR calibration based on Ly alpha luminosity, where the equivalent width of Ly alpha is used to correct for nonunity escape fraction, and show that this relation provides a reasonably accurate SFR estimate. We also show stacked growth curves of Ly alpha for the galaxies that can be used to find aperture loss fractions at a given physical radius.
Published: 2023

22. The Starburst Phenomenon from the Optical/Near-IR Perspective

Author: Bergvall, Nils, Marquart, Thomas, Östlin, Göran, Zackrisson, Erik, Burton, W.B., editor, Kuijpers, J. M. E., editor, Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., editor, Van Der Laan, H., editor, Bahcall, J. N., editor, Bertola, F., editor, Cassinelli, J. P., editor, Cesarsky, C. J., editor, Engvold, O., editor, Heck, A., editor, McCray, R., editor, Murdin, P. G., editor, Pacini, F., editor, Radhakrishnan, V., editor, Sato, K., editor, Shu, F. H., editor, Somov, B. V., editor, Sunyaev, R. A., editor, Tanaka, Y., editor, Tremaine, S., editor, Weiss, N. O., editor, De Grijs, Richard, editor, and González Delgado, Rosa M., editor
Published: 2005
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23. CRIRES+: characterisation and preparation during the pandemic

Author: Bristow, Paul, primary, Baruffolo, Andrea, additional, Smoker, Jonathan, additional, Rodler, Florian, additional, Dorn, Reinhold J., additional, Cumani, Claudio, additional, Ives, Derek J., additional, Jung, Yves, additional, Marquart, Thomas, additional, Moins, Christophe, additional, Neeser, Mark, additional, Oliva, Ernesto, additional, Paufique, Jérôme, additional, Piskunov, Nikolai, additional, Schmutzer, Ricardo, additional, Seemann, Ulf, additional, Slumstrup, Ditte, additional, and Valenzuela, Jose Javier, additional
Published: 2022
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24. CRIRES+ on sky: high spectral resolution at infrared wavelength enabling better science at the ESO VLT

Author: Dorn, Reinhold J., primary, Bristow, Paul, additional, Smoker, Jonathan, additional, Rodler, Florian, additional, Accardo, Matteo, additional, Baruffolo, Andrea, additional, Cumani, Claudio, additional, Haimerl, Andreas, additional, Hatzes, Artie, additional, Haug, Marcus, additional, Heiter, Ulrike, additional, Hinterschuster, Renate, additional, Hubin, Norbert, additional, Ives, Derek, additional, Jones, Matias, additional, Jung, Yves, additional, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, additional, Klein, Barbara, additional, Köhler, Jana, additional, Korhonen, Heidi H., additional, Lavail, Alexis, additional, Marquart, Thomas, additional, Moins, Christophe, additional, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, additional, Oliva, Ernesto, additional, Pallanca, Laurent, additional, Pasquini, Luca, additional, Paufique, Jérôme, additional, Piskunov, Nikolai, additional, Reiners, Ansgar, additional, Schneller, Dominik, additional, Schmutzer, Ricardo, additional, Seemann, Ulf, additional, Slumstrup, Ditte, additional, Smette, Alain, additional, Stegmeier, Jörg, additional, Stempels, Eric, additional, Tordo, Sébastien, additional, Valenti, Elena, additional, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, additional, and Vernet, Joël, additional
Published: 2022
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25. CRIRES+ on sky : High spectral resolution at infrared wavelength enabling better science at the ESO VLT

Author: Dorn, Reinhold J., Bristow, Paul, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Accardo, Matteo, Van den Ancker, Mario, Baruffolo, Andrea, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Blanco, Leonardo, Brucalassi, Anna, Cumani, Claudio, Haimerl, Andreas, Hatzes, Artie, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Hubin, Norbert, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Jones, Matias, Kirchbauer, Jean Paul, Klein, Barbara, Korhonen, Heidi Helena, Koehler, Jana, Lavail, Alexis, Lizon, Jean Louis, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Marquart, Thomas, Oliva, Ernesto, Pallanca, Laurent, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Schneller, Dominik, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, Smette, Alain, Stegmeier, Joerg, Stempels, Eric, Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, Vernet, Joel, Dorn, Reinhold J., Bristow, Paul, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Accardo, Matteo, Van den Ancker, Mario, Baruffolo, Andrea, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Blanco, Leonardo, Brucalassi, Anna, Cumani, Claudio, Haimerl, Andreas, Hatzes, Artie, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Hubin, Norbert, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Jones, Matias, Kirchbauer, Jean Paul, Klein, Barbara, Korhonen, Heidi Helena, Koehler, Jana, Lavail, Alexis, Lizon, Jean Louis, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Marquart, Thomas, Oliva, Ernesto, Pallanca, Laurent, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Schneller, Dominik, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, Smette, Alain, Stegmeier, Joerg, Stempels, Eric, Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, and Vernet, Joel
Abstract: CRIRES+ extended the capabilities of CRIRES, the CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 mu m cut-off wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remote from Europe due to the pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of this development and presents on sky results.
Published: 2022
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26. CRIRES+ : Characterisation and preparation during the pandemic

Author: Bristow, Paul, Baruffolo, Andrea, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Dorn, Reinhold J., Cumani, Claudio, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Marquart, Thomas, Moins, Christophe, Neeser, Mark J., Oliva, Ernesto, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, Bristow, Paul, Baruffolo, Andrea, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Dorn, Reinhold J., Cumani, Claudio, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Marquart, Thomas, Moins, Christophe, Neeser, Mark J., Oliva, Ernesto, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, and Valenzuela, Jose Javier
Abstract: In early 2020 the upgraded(1) CRIRES2 instrument, was installed at the VLT, however the onset of the global pandemic prevented the completion of some aspects of the installation while characterisation and commissioning had to be conducted with a remote connection from Europe. This resulted in a somewhat experimental, ad-hoc, approach to characterisation that required tight co-ordination between Paranal scientists and the instrument team in Europe. Moreover, with the observatory operating at minimal staffing, we had to find workarounds for some unfinished parts of the installation and adapt our characterisation, calibration and operations strategies accordingly. In particular, we discuss the adaptation made to the metrology strategy that illustrates well the pragmatic and ultimately successful approach adopted for getting CRIRES+ ready for operations.
Published: 2022
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27. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT : science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author: Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.
Abstract: The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of similar to 100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mu m with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 mu m with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coude room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.
Published: 2022
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28. Optimal extraction of echelle spectra : Getting the most out of observations

Author: Piskunov, Nikolai, Wehrhahn, Ansgar, Marquart, Thomas, Piskunov, Nikolai, Wehrhahn, Ansgar, and Marquart, Thomas
Abstract: Context. The price of instruments and observing time on modern telescopes is quickly increasing. Therefore, it is worth revisiting the data reduction algorithms to extract every bit of scientific information from available observations. Echelle spectrographs are typical instruments used in high-resolution spectroscopy, but attempts to improve the wavelength coverage and versatility of these instruments has resulted in a complicated and variable footprint of the entrance slit projection onto the science detector. Traditional spectral extraction methods generally fail to perform a truly optimal extraction when the slit image is not aligned with the detector columns and, instead, is tilted or even curved. Aims. Here, we present the mathematical algorithms and examples of their application to the optimal extraction and the following reduction steps for echelle spectrometers equipped with an entrance slit that is imaged with various distortions. The new method minimises the loss of spectral resolution, maximises the signal-to-noise ratio, and efficiently identifies local outliers. In addition to the new optimal extraction, we present order splicing and a more robust continuum normalisation algorithm. Methods. We developed and implemented new algorithms that create a continuum-normalised spectrum. In the process, we account for the (variable) tilt or curvature of the slit image on the detector and achieve optimal extraction without prior assumptions about the slit illumination. Thus, the new method can handle arbitrary image slicers, slit scanning, and other observational techniques aimed at increasing the throughput or dynamic range. Results. We compare our methods with other techniques for different instruments to illustrate the superior performance of the new algorithms compared to commonly used procedures. Conclusions. Advanced modelling of the focal plane requires significant computational effort but it has proven worthwhile thanks to the retrieval of a greater store
Published: 2021
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29. A Decade with VAMDC : Results and Ambitions

Author: Albert, Damien, Antony, Bobby K., Ba, Yaye Awa, Babikov, Yuri L., Bollard, Philippe, Boudon, Vincent, Delahaye, Franck, Del Zanna, Giulio, Dimitrijevic, Milan S., Drouin, Brian J., Dubernet, Marie-Lise, Duensing, Felix, Emoto, Masahiko, Endres, Christian P., Fazliev, Alexandr Z., Glorian, Jean-Michel, Gordon, Iouli E., Gratier, Pierre, Hill, Christian, Jevremovic, Darko, Joblin, Christine, Kwon, Duck-Hee, Kochanov, Roman V., Krishnakumar, Erumathadathil, Leto, Giuseppe, Loboda, Petr A., Lukashevskaya, Anastasiya A., Lyulin, Oleg M., Marinkovic, Bratislav P., Markwick, Andrew, Marquart, Thomas, Mason, Nigel J., Mendoza, Claudio, Millar, Tom J., Moreau, Nicolas, Morozov, Serguei V., Moeller, Thomas, Mueller, Holger S. P., Mulas, Giacomo, Murakami, Izumi, Pakhomov, Yury, Palmeri, Patrick, Penguen, Julien, Perevalov, Valery I., Piskunov, Nikolai, Postler, Johannes, Privezentsev, Alexei I., Quinet, Pascal, Ralchenko, Yuri, Rhee, Yong-Joo, Richard, Cyril, Rixon, Guy, Rothman, Laurence S., Roueff, Evelyne, Ryabchikova, Tatiana, Sahal-Brechot, Sylvie, Scheier, Paul, Schilke, Peter, Schlemmer, Stephan, Smith, Ken W., Schmitt, Bernard, Skobelev, Igor Yu., Sreckovic, Vladimir A., Stempels, H. C., Tashkun, Serguey A., Tennyson, Jonathan, Tyuterev, Vladimir G., Vastel, Charlotte, Vujcic, Veljko, Wakelam, Valentine, Walton, Nicholas A., Zeippen, Claude, Zwolf, Carlo Maria, Albert, Damien, Antony, Bobby K., Ba, Yaye Awa, Babikov, Yuri L., Bollard, Philippe, Boudon, Vincent, Delahaye, Franck, Del Zanna, Giulio, Dimitrijevic, Milan S., Drouin, Brian J., Dubernet, Marie-Lise, Duensing, Felix, Emoto, Masahiko, Endres, Christian P., Fazliev, Alexandr Z., Glorian, Jean-Michel, Gordon, Iouli E., Gratier, Pierre, Hill, Christian, Jevremovic, Darko, Joblin, Christine, Kwon, Duck-Hee, Kochanov, Roman V., Krishnakumar, Erumathadathil, Leto, Giuseppe, Loboda, Petr A., Lukashevskaya, Anastasiya A., Lyulin, Oleg M., Marinkovic, Bratislav P., Markwick, Andrew, Marquart, Thomas, Mason, Nigel J., Mendoza, Claudio, Millar, Tom J., Moreau, Nicolas, Morozov, Serguei V., Moeller, Thomas, Mueller, Holger S. P., Mulas, Giacomo, Murakami, Izumi, Pakhomov, Yury, Palmeri, Patrick, Penguen, Julien, Perevalov, Valery I., Piskunov, Nikolai, Postler, Johannes, Privezentsev, Alexei I., Quinet, Pascal, Ralchenko, Yuri, Rhee, Yong-Joo, Richard, Cyril, Rixon, Guy, Rothman, Laurence S., Roueff, Evelyne, Ryabchikova, Tatiana, Sahal-Brechot, Sylvie, Scheier, Paul, Schilke, Peter, Schlemmer, Stephan, Smith, Ken W., Schmitt, Bernard, Skobelev, Igor Yu., Sreckovic, Vladimir A., Stempels, H. C., Tashkun, Serguey A., Tennyson, Jonathan, Tyuterev, Vladimir G., Vastel, Charlotte, Vujcic, Veljko, Wakelam, Valentine, Walton, Nicholas A., Zeippen, Claude, and Zwolf, Carlo Maria
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the current status of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) e-infrastructure, including the current status of the VAMDC-connected (or to be connected) databases, updates on the latest technological development within the infrastructure and a presentation of some application tools that make use of the VAMDC e-infrastructure. We analyse the past 10 years of VAMDC development and operation, and assess their impact both on the field of atomic and molecular (A&M) physics itself and on heterogeneous data management in international cooperation. The highly sophisticated VAMDC infrastructure and the related databases developed over this long term make them a perfect resource of sustainable data for future applications in many fields of research. However, we also discuss the current limitations that prevent VAMDC from becoming the main publishing platform and the main source of A&M data for user communities, and present possible solutions under investigation by the consortium. Several user application examples are presented, illustrating the benefits of VAMDC in current research applications, which often need the A&M data from more than one database. Finally, we present our vision for the future of VAMDC.
Published: 2020
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30. End to end simulators : a flexible and scalable cloud-based architecture Application to high resolution spectrographs ESPRESSO and ELT-HIRES

Author: Genoni, M., Landoni, M., Pariani, G., Riva, M., Bianco, A., Causi, G. Li, Marquart, Thomas, Pepe, F. A., Marconi, A., Oliva, E., Genoni, M., Landoni, M., Pariani, G., Riva, M., Bianco, A., Causi, G. Li, Marquart, Thomas, Pepe, F. A., Marconi, A., and Oliva, E.
Abstract: Simulations of frames from existing and upcoming high-resolution spectrographs, targeted for high accuracy radial velocity measurements, are computationally demanding (both in time and space). We present in this paper an innovative approach based on both parallelization and distribution of the workload. By using NVIDIA CUDA custom-made kernels and state-of-the-art cloud-computing architectures in a Platform as a Service (PaaS) approach, we implemented a modular and scalable end-to-end simulator that is able to render synthetic frames with an accuracy of the order of few cm/sec, while keeping the computational time low. We applied our approach to two spectrographs. For VLT-ESPRESSO we give a sound comparison between the actual data and the simulations showing the obtained spectral formats and the recovered instrumental profile. We also simulate data for the upcoming HIRES at the ELT and investigate the overall performance in terms of computational time and scalability against the size of the problem. In addition we demonstrate the interface with data-reduction systems and we preliminary show that the data can be reduced successfully by existing methods.
Published: 2020
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31. ELT-HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT : Phase A study and path to construction

Author: Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V, Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amado, P., Amate, M., Artigau, E., Augusto, S., Barros, S., Becerril, S., Benneke, B., Bergin, E., Berio, P., Bezawada, N., Boisse, I, Bonfils, X., Bouchy, F., Broeg, C., Cabral, A., Calvo-Ortega, R., Canto Martins, B. L., Chazelas, B., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Coretti, I, Covino, S., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V, Leao, I. de Castro, de Medeiros, J. R., de Souza, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Varano, I, Doyon, R., Drass, H., Figueira, P., Fragoso, A., Fynbo, J., Gallo, E., Genoni, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J., Gratton, R., Haehnelt, M., Hansen, C., Hlavacek-Larrondo, J., Hughes, I, Huke, P., Humphrey, A., Kjeldsen, H., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Landoni, M., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lunney, D., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Marquart, Thomas, Martins, C. J. A. P., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Micela, G., Molaro, P., Monnier, J., Monteiro, M., Mordasini, C., Morris, T., Mucciarelli, A., Murray, G., Niedzielski, A., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nunes, N., Oliva, E., Origlia, L., Palle, E., Pariani, G., Parr-Burman, P., Pasquini, L., Penate, J., Pepe, F., Pietrzynski, G., Pinna, E., Piskunov, Nikolai, Pollo, A., Rasilla, J., Rebolo, R., Rees, P., Reiners, A., Riva, M., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N., Sarajlic, M., Shen, T-C, Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K., Tenegi, F., Tozzi, A., Udry, S., Valenziano, L., Vanzi, L., Weber, M., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V, Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amado, P., Amate, M., Artigau, E., Augusto, S., Barros, S., Becerril, S., Benneke, B., Bergin, E., Berio, P., Bezawada, N., Boisse, I, Bonfils, X., Bouchy, F., Broeg, C., Cabral, A., Calvo-Ortega, R., Canto Martins, B. L., Chazelas, B., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Coretti, I, Covino, S., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V, Leao, I. de Castro, de Medeiros, J. R., de Souza, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Varano, I, Doyon, R., Drass, H., Figueira, P., Fragoso, A., Fynbo, J., Gallo, E., Genoni, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J., Gratton, R., Haehnelt, M., Hansen, C., Hlavacek-Larrondo, J., Hughes, I, Huke, P., Humphrey, A., Kjeldsen, H., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Landoni, M., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lunney, D., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Marquart, Thomas, Martins, C. J. A. P., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Micela, G., Molaro, P., Monnier, J., Monteiro, M., Mordasini, C., Morris, T., Mucciarelli, A., Murray, G., Niedzielski, A., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nunes, N., Oliva, E., Origlia, L., Palle, E., Pariani, G., Parr-Burman, P., Pasquini, L., Penate, J., Pepe, F., Pietrzynski, G., Pinna, E., Piskunov, Nikolai, Pollo, A., Rasilla, J., Rebolo, R., Rees, P., Reiners, A., Riva, M., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N., Sarajlic, M., Shen, T-C, Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K., Tenegi, F., Tozzi, A., Udry, S., Valenziano, L., Vanzi, L., Weber, M., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, and Zapatero Osorio, M. R.
Abstract: HIRES is the high-resolution spectrograph of the European Extremely Large Telescope at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. It consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs providing a wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm (goal 0.35-2.4 µm) at a spectral resolution of 100,000. The fibre-feeding allows HIRES to have several, interchangeable observing modes including a SCAO module and a small diffraction-limited IFU in the NIR. Therefore, it will be able to operate both in seeing- and diffraction-limited modes. Its modularity will ensure that HIRES can be placed entirely on the Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or part on the Nasmyth and part in the Coud`e room. ELT-HIRES has a wide range of science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars (PopIII), tests on the stability of Nature’s fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The HIRES consortium is composed of more than 30 institutes from 14 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers.
Published: 2020
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32. Strange Hosts of Blue Compact Galaxies

Author: Bergvall, Nils, Marquart, Thomas, Persson, Carina, Zackrisson, Erik, Östlin, Göran, Renzini, Alvio, editor, and Bender, Ralf, editor
Published: 2005
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33. Optimal extraction of echelle spectra: Getting the most out of observations

Author: Piskunov, Nikolai, primary, Wehrhahn, Ansgar, additional, and Marquart, Thomas, additional
Published: 2021
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34. A Decade with VAMDC: Results and Ambitions

Author: Albert, Damien, primary, Antony, Bobby K., additional, Ba, Yaye Awa, additional, Babikov, Yuri L., additional, Bollard, Philippe, additional, Boudon, Vincent, additional, Delahaye, Franck, additional, Del Zanna, Giulio, additional, Dimitrijević, Milan S., additional, Drouin, Brian J., additional, Dubernet, Marie-Lise, additional, Duensing, Felix, additional, Emoto, Masahiko, additional, Endres, Christian P., additional, Fazliev, Alexandr Z., additional, Glorian, Jean-Michel, additional, Gordon, Iouli E., additional, Gratier, Pierre, additional, Hill, Christian, additional, Jevremović, Darko, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Kwon, Duck-Hee, additional, Kochanov, Roman V., additional, Krishnakumar, Erumathadathil, additional, Leto, Giuseppe, additional, Loboda, Petr A., additional, Lukashevskaya, Anastasiya A., additional, Lyulin, Oleg M., additional, Marinković, Bratislav P., additional, Markwick, Andrew, additional, Marquart, Thomas, additional, Mason, Nigel J., additional, Mendoza, Claudio, additional, Millar, Tom J., additional, Moreau, Nicolas, additional, Morozov, Serguei V., additional, Möller, Thomas, additional, Müller, Holger S. P., additional, Mulas, Giacomo, additional, Murakami, Izumi, additional, Pakhomov, Yury, additional, Palmeri, Patrick, additional, Penguen, Julien, additional, Perevalov, Valery I., additional, Piskunov, Nikolai, additional, Postler, Johannes, additional, Privezentsev, Alexei I., additional, Quinet, Pascal, additional, Ralchenko, Yuri, additional, Rhee, Yong-Joo, additional, Richard, Cyril, additional, Rixon, Guy, additional, Rothman, Laurence S., additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Ryabchikova, Tatiana, additional, Sahal-Bréchot, Sylvie, additional, Scheier, Paul, additional, Schilke, Peter, additional, Schlemmer, Stephan, additional, Smith, Ken W., additional, Schmitt, Bernard, additional, Skobelev, Igor Yu., additional, Srecković, Vladimir A., additional, Stempels, Eric, additional, Tashkun, Serguey A., additional, Tennyson, Jonathan, additional, Tyuterev, Vladimir G., additional, Vastel, Charlotte, additional, Vujčić, Veljko, additional, Wakelam, Valentine, additional, Walton, Nicholas A., additional, Zeippen, Claude, additional, and Zwölf, Carlo Maria, additional
Published: 2020
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35. CRIRES+on sky: high spectral resolution at infrared wavelength enabling better science at the ESO VLT

Author: Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Dorn, Reinhold J., Bristow, Paul, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Accardo, Matteo, Baruffolo, Andrea, Cumani, Claudio, Haimerl, Andreas, Hatzes, Artie, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Hubin, Norbert, Ives, Derek, Jones, Matias, Jung, Yves, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Klein, Barbara, Köhler, Jana, Korhonen, Heidi H., Lavail, Alexis, Marquart, Thomas, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Oliva, Ernesto, Pallanca, Laurent, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Schneller, Dominik, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, Smette, Alain, Stegmeier, Jörg, Stempels, Eric, Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, and Vernet, Joel
Published: 2022
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36. CRIRES+: characterisation and preparation during the pandemic

Author: Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Bristow, Paul, Baruffolo, Andrea, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Dorn, Reinhold J., Cumani, Claudio, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Marquart, Thomas, Moins, Christophe, Neeser, Mark J., Oliva, Ernesto, Paufique, Jérôme, Piskunov, Nikolai, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, and Valenzuela, Jose Javier
Published: 2022
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37. MOSAIC at the ELT: a unique instrument for the largest ground-based telescope

Author: Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Pelló, Roser, Puech, Mathieu, Prieto, Éric, Rodrigues, Myriam, Sanchez-Janssen, Rubén, Dalton, Gavin B., Ducret, Franck, El Hadi, Kacem, García-Vargas, María L., Lynn, Jeff, Bharmal, Nazim A., Chapuis, Diane, Dupieux, Michel, Hottier, Clément, Larrieu, Marie, Martin, Laurent, Mohamed, Meghna, Morris, Tim, Pérez, Ana, Seifert, Walter, Xu, Wenli, Morris, Simon, Kaper, Lex, Gallego, Jesús, Afonso, Jose, Barbuy, Beatriz, Contini, Thierry, Finoguenov, Alexis, Kassin, Susan, Miller, Christopher, Ostlin, Göran, Pentericci, Laura, Schaerer, Daniel, Steinmetz, Matthias, Ziegler, Bodo, Araujo, Ricardo, Brynnel, Joar, Castilho, Bruno, Conselice, Christopher J., Cvetojevic, Nick, Davison, Christopher, Dejonghe, Julien, Dessauges-Zavadsky, Mirka, Dohlen, Kjetil, Ferreira, Décio, Gil de Paz, Armando, Gonçalves, Thiago S., Guinouard, Isabelle, Hayes, Matthew J., Ives, Derek, Janssen, Annemieke, Kehrig, Carol, Kelz, Andreas, Krajnović, Davor, Lanotte, Audrey A., Laporte, Nicolas, Laporte, Philippe, Larsen, Soren, Lemasle, Bertran, Lewis, Ian, Li, Jiang-Tao, Pancino, Elena, Pieri, Matthew M., Surace, Christian, Thurneysen, Markus, Vergani, Susanna, Wildi, François, Álvarez Moreno, Fernando, Artan, Raziye, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Besada, Eva, Bik, Arjan, Bond, Charlotte, Bouri, Mohamed, Boy, Jérémie, Bramall, David, Brands, Sarah, Braulio, Antonio, Butterley, Tim, Cabello, Cristina, Calero de Ory, Marina, Calvo, Rocio, Castillo Morales, Africa, Challita, Zalpha, Chittik, Stephen, Curto Maldonado, Andrés, De Frontat, Fátima, Dijkstra, Elfi, Elswijk, Eddy, Fasola, Gilles, Feiz, Carmen, Fialho, Fabio, Floriot, Johan, Franzetti, Paolo, Fumana, Marco, Gabarra, Luis, Garcia, Lia, Gargiulo, Adriana, Gaudemard, Julien, Giannone, Domenico, Gill, Polly, Gomez-Gutierrez, Alicia, Gouvret, Carole, Guenther, Alan, Harvey, Douglas, Ibáñez Mengual, José Miguel, Iglesias, Jorge, Ivanisenko, Yevgeniy, Kunst, Peter, Kwast, Sander, Leschinski, Kieran, Licausi, Gianluca, Ligori, Sebastiano, López Orozco, Juan Antonio, Lowe, Adam, Macintosh, Mike, Magan, Héctor, Maldonado, Manuel, Marquart, Thomas, Martins, Lucimara, Melara, Marisole, Melinder, Jens, Molema, Jeannet, Montgomery, David, Morales, María, Najarro, Francisco, Nardetto, Nicolas, Navarro, Ramon, Ottomani, Antoine, Pamplona, Tony, Pannetier, Cyril, Parr-Burman, Phil, Pascual, Sergio, Peñataro, María, Pérez Grande, Isabel, Peterzon, Jan Rinze, Piqueras, Javier, Piskunov, Nicolai, Rodriguez Cardoso, Ramon, Rodriguez Venzal, Sergio, Romp, Rick, Rostami, Hossein, Royer, Frédéric, Sablowski, Daniel, Sanchez, Ainhoa, Sánchez Blanco, Ernesto, Schalling, Ellen, Schmoll, Jurgen, Schwartz, Noah, Stephan, Jay, Taburet, Sylvestre, Terrett, David, Torralbo, Ignacio, Tromp, Niels, Veredas, Gerardo, Yang, Yanbin, York, Alec, and Zeilinger, Werner
Published: 2024
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38. ELT-HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT : results from the Phase A study

Author: Marconi, A., Prieto, C. Allende, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Augusto, S. R., Becerril, S., Bezawada, N., Boisse, I., Bouchy, F., Cabral, A., Chazelas, B., Cirami, R., Coretti, I., Cristiani, S., Cupani, G., Leao, I. de Castro, de Medeiros, J. R., de Souza, M. A. F., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Varano, I., D'Odorico, V., Drass, H., Figueira, P., Fragoso, A. B., Fynbo, J. P. U., Genoni, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Haehnelt, M., Hughes, I., Huke, P., Kjeldsen, H., Korn, Andreas J., Landoni, M., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Maiolino, R., Marquart, Thomas, Martins, C. J. A. P., Mason, E., Monteiro, M. A., Morris, T., Murray, G., Niedzielski, A., Oliva, E., Origlia, L., Palle, E., Parr-Burman, P., Parro, V. C., Pepe, F., Piskunov, Nikolai, Rasilla, J. L., Rees, P., Rebolo, R., Riva, M., Rousseau, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Shen, T. -C, Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K., Tenegi, F., Tozzi, A., Udry, S., Valenziano, L., Vanzi, L., Weber, M., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Marconi, A., Prieto, C. Allende, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Augusto, S. R., Becerril, S., Bezawada, N., Boisse, I., Bouchy, F., Cabral, A., Chazelas, B., Cirami, R., Coretti, I., Cristiani, S., Cupani, G., Leao, I. de Castro, de Medeiros, J. R., de Souza, M. A. F., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Varano, I., D'Odorico, V., Drass, H., Figueira, P., Fragoso, A. B., Fynbo, J. P. U., Genoni, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Haehnelt, M., Hughes, I., Huke, P., Kjeldsen, H., Korn, Andreas J., Landoni, M., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Maiolino, R., Marquart, Thomas, Martins, C. J. A. P., Mason, E., Monteiro, M. A., Morris, T., Murray, G., Niedzielski, A., Oliva, E., Origlia, L., Palle, E., Parr-Burman, P., Parro, V. C., Pepe, F., Piskunov, Nikolai, Rasilla, J. L., Rees, P., Rebolo, R., Riva, M., Rousseau, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Shen, T. -C, Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K., Tenegi, F., Tozzi, A., Udry, S., Valenziano, L., Vanzi, L., Weber, M., Woche, M., Xompero, M., and Zackrisson, Erik
Abstract: We present the results from the phase A study of ELT-HIRES, an optical-infrared High Resolution Spectrograph for ELT, which has just been completed by a consortium of 30 institutes from 12 countries forming a team of about 200 scientists and engineers. The top science cases of ELT-HIRES will be the detection of life signatures from exoplanet atmospheres, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. However, the science requirements of these science cases enable many other groundbreaking science cases. The baseline design, which allows to fulfil the top science cases, consists in a modular fiber fed cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph with two ultra-stable spectral arms providing a simultaneous spectral range of 0.4-1.8 pm at a spectral resolution of 100, 000. The fiber-feeding allows ELT-HIRES to have several, interchangeable observing modes including a SCAO module and a small diffraction-limited IFU.
Published: 2018
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39. Very accurate cryogenic mechanisms for CRIRES+

Author: Lizon, Jean Louis, Klein, Barbara, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Oliva, Ernesto, Escude, Guillem Anglada, Bristow, Paul, Dorn, Reinhold J., Follert, Roman, Hatzes, Artie, Heiter, Ulrike, Ives, Derek, Jung, Yves, Lockhart, Matt, Marquart, Thomas, Origlia, Livia, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Pistunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Smette, Alain, Smoker, Jonathan, Seemann, Ulf, Stempels, Eric, Valenti, Elena, Lizon, Jean Louis, Klein, Barbara, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Oliva, Ernesto, Escude, Guillem Anglada, Bristow, Paul, Dorn, Reinhold J., Follert, Roman, Hatzes, Artie, Heiter, Ulrike, Ives, Derek, Jung, Yves, Lockhart, Matt, Marquart, Thomas, Origlia, Livia, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Pistunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Smette, Alain, Smoker, Jonathan, Seemann, Ulf, Stempels, Eric, and Valenti, Elena
Abstract: After 5 years of operation on the VLT, a large upgrade of CRIRES (the ESO Cryogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph) was decided mainly in order to increase the efficiency. Using a cross dispersion design allows better wavelength coverage per exposure. This means a complete re-design of the cryogenic pre-optic which were including a pre-dispersion stage with a large prism as dispersive element. The new design requires a move of the entrance slit and associated decker toward the first intermediate focal plane right behind the window. Implement 2 functions with high positioning accuracy in a pre-defined and limited space was a real challenge. The design and the test results recorded in the ESO Cryogenic Test Facility are reported in this paper. The second critical function is the grating wheel which positions the 6 cross disperser gratings into the beam. The paper describes the design of the mechanism which includes a detente system in order to guaranty the 5 arc sec positioning reproducibility requested. The design includes also feedback system, based on switches, in order to ensure that the right grating is in position before starting a long exposure. The paper reports on the tests carried out at cryogenic temperature at the sub-system level. It also includes early performances recorded in the instrument along the first phases of the system test.
Published: 2018
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40. Full System Test and early Preliminary Acceptance Europe results for CRIRES

Author: Brucalassi, Anna, Dorn, Reinhold J., Follert, Roman, Hatzes, Artie, Bristow, Paul, Seemann, Ulf, Cumani, Claudio, Eschbaumer, Siegfried, Haimerl, Andreas, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Kerber, Florian, Klein, Barbara, Lavail, Alexis, Lizon, Jean Louis, Marquart, Thomas, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Oliva, Ernesto, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Stegmeier, Joerg, Stempels, Eric H. C., Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Hauptner, Katja, Jeep, Peter, Marvin, Christopher, Reiners, Ansgar, Rhode, Petra, Schmidt, Christof, Umlauf, Tim, Brucalassi, Anna, Dorn, Reinhold J., Follert, Roman, Hatzes, Artie, Bristow, Paul, Seemann, Ulf, Cumani, Claudio, Eschbaumer, Siegfried, Haimerl, Andreas, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Kerber, Florian, Klein, Barbara, Lavail, Alexis, Lizon, Jean Louis, Marquart, Thomas, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Oliva, Ernesto, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Stegmeier, Joerg, Stempels, Eric H. C., Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, Hauptner, Katja, Jeep, Peter, Marvin, Christopher, Reiners, Ansgar, Rhode, Petra, Schmidt, Christof, and Umlauf, Tim
Abstract: CRIRES+ is the new high-resolution NIR echelle spectrograph intended to be operated at the platform B of VLT Unit telescope UT3. It will cover from Y to M bands (0.95-5.3um) with a spectral resolution of R = 50000 or R = 100000. The main scientific goals are the search of super-Earths in the habitable zone of low-mass stars, the characterisation of transiting planets atmosphere and the study of the origin and evolution of stellar magnetic fields. Based on the heritage of the old adaptive optics (AO) assisted VLT instrument CRIRES, the new spectrograph will present improved optical layout, a new detector system and a new calibration unit providing optimal performances in terms of simultaneous wavelength coverage and radial velocity accuracy (a few m/s). The total observing efficiency will be enhanced by a factor of 10 with respect to CRIRES. An innovative spectro-polarimetry mode will be also offered and a new metrology system will ensure very high system stability and repeatability. Fiinally, the CRIRES+ project will also provide the community with a new data reduction software (DRS) package. CRIRES+ is currently at the initial phase of its Preliminary Acceptance in Europe (PAE) and it will be commissioned early in 2019 at VLT. This work outlines the main results obtained during the initial phase of the full system test at ESO HQ Garching.
Published: 2018
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41. ELT High Resolution Spectrograph : Phase-A software architecture study

Author: Di Marcantonio, P., Cirami, R., Cupani, G., Di Varano, I, Drass, H., Figueira, P., de Souza, M. A. F., Genoni, M., Gonzalez, O. A., Landoni, M., Li Causi, G., Marquart, Thomas, Mason, E., Monteiro, M. A., Parro, V. C., Augusto, S. R., Rousseau, S., Sanna, N., Shen, T., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S., Xompero, M., Boisse, I, Marconi, A., Di Marcantonio, P., Cirami, R., Cupani, G., Di Varano, I, Drass, H., Figueira, P., de Souza, M. A. F., Genoni, M., Gonzalez, O. A., Landoni, M., Li Causi, G., Marquart, Thomas, Mason, E., Monteiro, M. A., Parro, V. C., Augusto, S. R., Rousseau, S., Sanna, N., Shen, T., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S., Xompero, M., Boisse, I, and Marconi, A.
Abstract: High resolution spectroscopy has been considered of a primary importance to exploit the main scientific cases foreseen for ESO ELT, the Extremely Large Telescope, the future largest optical-infrared telescope in the world. In this context ESO commissioned a Phase-A feasibility study for the construction of a high resolution spectrograph for the ELT, tentatively named HIRES. The study, which lasted 1.5 years, started on March 2016 and was completed with a review phase held at Garching ESO headquarters with the aim to assess the scientific and technical feasibility of the proposed instrument. One of the main tasks of the study is the architectural design of the software covering all the aspects relevant to control an astronomical instrument: from observation preparation through instrument hardware and detectors control till data reduction and analysis. In this paper we present the outcome of the Phase-A study for the proposed HIRES software design highlighting its peculiarities, critical areas and performance aspects for the whole data flow. The End-to-End simulator, a tool already capable of simulating HIRES end products and currently being used to drive some design decision, is also shortly described.
Published: 2018
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42. ELT -HIRES the High Resolution Spectrograph for the ELT : End to End simulator. Design approach and results

Author: Genoni, M., Landoni, M., Riva, M., Pariani, G., Mason, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Gonzalez, O. A., Huke, P., Korhonen, H., Xompero, M., Giordano, Christophe, Di Varano, I., Causi, Gianluca Li, Oliva, E., Marquart, Thomas, Marconi, A., Genoni, M., Landoni, M., Riva, M., Pariani, G., Mason, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Gonzalez, O. A., Huke, P., Korhonen, H., Xompero, M., Giordano, Christophe, Di Varano, I., Causi, Gianluca Li, Oliva, E., Marquart, Thomas, and Marconi, A.
Abstract: We present the updated design and architecture of the End-to-End simulator model of the high resolution spectrograph HIRES for the future Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). The model allows to simulate the propagation of photons starting from the scientific object of interest up to the detector, allowing to evaluate the performance impact of the different parameters in the spectrograph design. The model also includes a calibration light module, suitable to evaluate data reduction requirements. In this paper, we will detail the architecture of the simulator and the computational model which are strongly characterized by modularity and flexibility that will be crucial in the next generation instrumentation for projects such as the ELT due to of the high complexity and long-time design and development. We also highlight the Cloud Computing Architecture adopted for this software based on Amazon Web Services (AWS). We also present synthetic images obtained with the current version of the End-to-End simulator based on the requirements for ELT-HIRES (especially high radial velocity accuracy) that are then ingested in the Data reduction Software (DRS) of CRIRES+ as case study.
Published: 2018

43. A unique infrared spectropolarimetric unit for CRIRES+

Author: Piskunov, Nikolai, Stempels, Eric, Lavail, Alexis, Escuti, Michael, Snik, Frans, Dolgopolov, Andrey, Rozel, Milan, Durandet, Candice, Hatzes, Artie, Bristow, Paul, Brucalassi, Anna, Cumani, Claudio, Dorn, Reinhold J., Haimerl, Andreas, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Follert, Roman, Ives, Derek, Jung, Yves, Kerber, Florian, Klein, Barbara, Lizon, Jean Louis, Marquart, Thomas, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Oliva, Ernesto, Reiners, Ansgar, Seemann, Ulf, Stegmeier, Joerg, Tordo, Sebastian, Valenti, Elena, Piskunov, Nikolai, Stempels, Eric, Lavail, Alexis, Escuti, Michael, Snik, Frans, Dolgopolov, Andrey, Rozel, Milan, Durandet, Candice, Hatzes, Artie, Bristow, Paul, Brucalassi, Anna, Cumani, Claudio, Dorn, Reinhold J., Haimerl, Andreas, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Follert, Roman, Ives, Derek, Jung, Yves, Kerber, Florian, Klein, Barbara, Lizon, Jean Louis, Marquart, Thomas, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Oliva, Ernesto, Reiners, Ansgar, Seemann, Ulf, Stegmeier, Joerg, Tordo, Sebastian, and Valenti, Elena
Abstract: High-resolution infrared spectropolarimetry has many science applications in astrophysics. One of them is measuring weak magnetic fields using the Zeeman effect. Infrared domain is particularly advantageous as Zeeman splitting of spectral lines is proportional to the square of the wavelength while the intrinsic width of the line cores increases only linearly. Important science cases include detection and monitoring of global magnetic fields on solar-type stars, study of the magnetic field evolution from stellar formation to the final stages of the stellar life with massive stellar winds, and the dynamo mechanism operation across the boundary between fully-and partially-convective stars. CRIRES+ (the CRIRES upgrade project) includes a novel spectropolarimetric unit (SPU) based on polarization gratings. The novel design allows to perform beam-splitting very early in the optical path, directly after the tertiary mirror of the telescope (the ESO Very Large Telescope, VLT), minimizing instrumental polarization. The new SPU performs polarization beam-splitting in the near-infrared while keeping the telescope beam mostly unchanged in the optical domain, making it compatible with the adaptive optics system of the CRIRES+ instrument. The SPU consists of four beam-splitters optimized for measuring circular and linear polarization of spectral lines in YJ and HK bands. The SPU can perform beam switching allowing to correct for throughput in each beam and for variations in detector pixel sensitivity. Other new features of CRIRES+, such as substantially increased wavelength coverage, stability and advanced data reduction pipeline will further enhance the sensitivity of the polarimetric mode. The combination of the SPU, CRIRES+ and the VLT is a unique facility for making major progress in understanding stellar activity. In this article we present the design of the SPU, laboratory measurements of individual components and of the whole unit as well as the performance prediction for
Published: 2018
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44. ELT -HIRES the High Resolution Spectrograph for the ELT end-to-end simulator:Design approach and results

Author: Genoni, M., Landoni, M., Riva, M., Pariani, G., Mason, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Gonzalez, O. A., Huke, P., Korhonen, H., Xompero, M., Giordano, Christophe, Di Varano, I., Causi, Gianluca Li, Oliva, E., Marquart, Thomas, Marconi, A., Genoni, M., Landoni, M., Riva, M., Pariani, G., Mason, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Gonzalez, O. A., Huke, P., Korhonen, H., Xompero, M., Giordano, Christophe, Di Varano, I., Causi, Gianluca Li, Oliva, E., Marquart, Thomas, and Marconi, A.
Published: 2018

45. ELT-HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: results from the Phase A study

Author: Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Maiolino, Roberto, Oliva, Ernesto, Origlia, Livia, Riva, Marco, Valenziano, Luca, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Amado, Pedro, Amate, Manuel, Becerril, Santiago, Bezawada, Naidu, Boisse, Isabelle, Bouchy, François, Cabral, Alexandre, Chazelas, Bruno, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Cristiani, Stefano, Cupani, Guido, D'odorico, Valentina, De Souza, M. A. F., Marconi, Alessandro, De Castro Leão, Izan, De Medeiros, José, Di Varano, Igor, Drass, Holger, Figueira, Pedro, Fragoso Lopez, Ana Belen, Fynbo, Johan, Genoni, Matteo, González Hernández, Jonay, Hughes, Ian, Huke, Philipp, Kjeldsen, Hans, Korn, Andreas, Landoni, Marco, Liske, Jochen, Lovis, Christophe, Martins, Carlos, Mason, Elena, Monteiro, Manuel, Morris, Timothy J., Niedzielski, Andrzej, Pallé, Enric, Parr-burman, Phil, Pepe, Francesco, Piskunov, Nikolai, Rasilla, José Luis, Rebolo-lópez, Rafael, Rousseau, Sylvain, Sanna, Nicoletta, Santos, Nuno, Shen, Tzu-chiang, Sortino, Francesca, Sosnowska, Danuta, Sousa, Sergio, Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, Klaus G., Tenegi, Fabio, Tozzi, Andrea, Udry, Stéphane, Vanzi, Leonardo, Weber, Michael, Woche, Manfred, Xompero, Marco, Zackrisson, Erik, Augusto, Sergio Ribeiro, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Murray, Graham, Rees, Phil, Haehnelt, Martin, Marquart, Thomas, Takami, Hideki, Evans, Christopher J., Simard, Luc, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Maiolino, Roberto, Oliva, Ernesto, Origlia, Livia, Riva, Marco, Valenziano, Luca, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Amado, Pedro, Amate, Manuel, Becerril, Santiago, Bezawada, Naidu, Boisse, Isabelle, Bouchy, François, Cabral, Alexandre, Chazelas, Bruno, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Cristiani, Stefano, Cupani, Guido, D'odorico, Valentina, De Souza, M. A. F., Marconi, Alessandro, De Castro Leão, Izan, De Medeiros, José, Di Varano, Igor, Drass, Holger, Figueira, Pedro, Fragoso Lopez, Ana Belen, Fynbo, Johan, Genoni, Matteo, González Hernández, Jonay, Hughes, Ian, Huke, Philipp, Kjeldsen, Hans, Korn, Andreas, Landoni, Marco, Liske, Jochen, Lovis, Christophe, Martins, Carlos, Mason, Elena, Monteiro, Manuel, Morris, Timothy J., Niedzielski, Andrzej, Pallé, Enric, Parr-burman, Phil, Pepe, Francesco, Piskunov, Nikolai, Rasilla, José Luis, Rebolo-lópez, Rafael, Rousseau, Sylvain, Sanna, Nicoletta, Santos, Nuno, Shen, Tzu-chiang, Sortino, Francesca, Sosnowska, Danuta, Sousa, Sergio, Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, Klaus G., Tenegi, Fabio, Tozzi, Andrea, Udry, Stéphane, Vanzi, Leonardo, Weber, Michael, Woche, Manfred, Xompero, Marco, Zackrisson, Erik, Augusto, Sergio Ribeiro, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Murray, Graham, Rees, Phil, Haehnelt, Martin, Marquart, Thomas, Takami, Hideki, Evans, Christopher J., and Simard, Luc
Published: 2018

46. ELT -HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT; the end-to-end simulator: design approach and results.

Author: Angeli, George Z., Dierickx, Philippe, Genoni, Matteo, Landoni, Marco, Riva, Marco, Pariani, Giorgio, Mason, Elena, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Huke, Philipp, Korhonen, Heidi, Xompero, Marco, Giordano, Christophe, Di Varano, Igor, Li Causi, Gianluca, Oliva, Ernesto, Marquart, Thomas, Marconi, Alessandro, Angeli, George Z., Dierickx, Philippe, Genoni, Matteo, Landoni, Marco, Riva, Marco, Pariani, Giorgio, Mason, Elena, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Huke, Philipp, Korhonen, Heidi, Xompero, Marco, Giordano, Christophe, Di Varano, Igor, Li Causi, Gianluca, Oliva, Ernesto, Marquart, Thomas, and Marconi, Alessandro
Published: 2018

47. ELT -HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT; the end-to-end simulator: design approach and results.

Author: Genoni, Matteo, primary, Landoni, Marco, primary, Riva, Marco, primary, Pariani, Giorgio, primary, Mason, Elena, primary, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, primary, Gonzalez, Oscar A., primary, Huke, Philipp, primary, Korhonen, Heidi, primary, Xompero, Marco, primary, Giordano, Christophe, primary, Di Varano, Igor, primary, Li Causi, Gianluca, primary, Oliva, Ernesto, primary, Marquart, Thomas, primary, and Marconi, Alessandro, primary
Published: 2018
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48. Very accurate cryogenic mechanisms for CRIRES+

Author: Lizon, Jean-Louis, primary, Klein, Barbara, primary, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, primary, Dorn, Reinhold, primary, Seemann, Ulf, primary, Oliva, Ernesto, primary, Hatzes, Artie, primary, Follert, Roman, primary, Reiners, Ansgar, primary, Pistunov, Nikolai, primary, Marquart, Thomas, primary, Heiter, Ulrike, primary, Stempels, Eric, primary, Bristow, Paul, primary, Ives, Derek, primary, Jung, Yves, primary, Paufique, Jérôme, primary, Valenti, Elena, primary, Pasquini, Luca, primary, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, primary, Lockhart, Matt, primary, Origlia, Livia, primary, Smette, Alain, primary, and Smoker, Jonathan, primary
Published: 2018
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49. CRIRES+ on its way to VLT (Conference Presentation)

Author: Follert, Roman, primary, Dorn, Reinhold J., additional, Brucalassi, Anna, additional, Bristow, Paul, additional, Hatzes, Artie, additional, Seemann, Ulf, additional, Piskunov, Nikolai, additional, Lavail, Alexis, additional, Klein, Barbara, additional, Cumani, Claudio, additional, Moins, Christophe, additional, Ives, Derek, additional, Stempels, Eric, additional, Oliva, Ernesto, additional, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, additional, Lizon, Jean Louis, additional, Haug, Marcus, additional, Eschbaumer, Siegfried, additional, Marquart, Thomas, additional, Heiter, Ulrike, additional, Tordo, Sebastien, additional, Hinterschuster, Renate, additional, Jung, Yves, additional, Paufique, Jérôme, additional, Haimerl, Andreas, additional, Stegmeier, Jörg, additional, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, additional, Schmidt, Christoph, additional, Valenti, Elena, additional, Pasquini, Luca, additional, Reiners, Ansgar, additional, Anwand-Heerwart, Heiko, additional, Hauptner, Katja, additional, Umlauf, Tim, additional, Jeep, Peter, additional, Rhode, Petra, additional, and Marvin, Christopher, additional
Published: 2018
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50. ELT high resolution spectrograph: phase-A software architecture study

Author: Di Marcantonio, Paolo, primary, Boisse, Isabelle, primary, Cirami, Roberto, primary, Cupani, Guido, primary, Di Varano, Igor, primary, Drass, Holger, primary, Figueira, Pedro, primary, Furlan de Souza, Marco Antonio, primary, Genoni, Matteo, primary, Landoni, Marco, primary, Li Causi, Gianluca, primary, Marquart, Thomas, primary, Mason, Elena, primary, Monteiro, Manuel, primary, Parro, Vanderlei, primary, Ribeiro Augusto, Sergio, primary, Rousseau, Sylvain, primary, Sanna, Nicoletta, primary, Shen, Tzu-Chiang, primary, Sosnowska, Danuta, primary, Sousa, Sérgio, primary, Xompero, Marco, primary, Marconi, Alessandro, primary, and Gonzalez, Oscar A., primary
Published: 2018
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